Aseptic Meningitis Due to Spontaneous Rupture of a Multicystic Craniopharyngioma with an Ommaya Catheter: A Case Report

Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are benign tumors that are believed to arise from embryonic remnants of the Rathke pouch epithelium. Herein, we report a case of aseptic meningitis due to spontaneous rupture of multicystic CP, which contained an Ommaya catheter. A 19-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with a 4-day history of acute severe headache after strenuous physical exercise followed by altered sensorium, fever, and neck stiffness. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed marked pleocytosis and elevated protein levels. CSF culture was otherwise negative. Cyst reduction on subsequent imaging confirmed the diagnosis. The patient received intravenous steroid therapy and was discharged asymptomatic. This is a rare evolution of a multicystic CP, which was previously treated with intracystic therapy and had an Ommaya catheter. Clinicians should be aware of spontaneous CP rupture and look actively for the occurrence of cholesterol crystals or elevated CSF levels of cholesterol as well as prompt follow-up imaging.

Extradural Clinoidectomy: An Efficient Technique for Expanding the Operative Corridor Toward the Central Skull Base

Extradural anterior clinoidectomy is an important tool for neurovascular and skull base surgery. This technique is cardinal for expanding access to the proximal carotid artery, optic nerve, sella, and the central skull base. The goal of anterior clinoidectomy is to reveal the more proximal ophthalmic and clinoidal segments of the internal carotid artery (ICA) while skeletonizing the proximal optic nerve. This maneuver expands the opticocarotid and carotid-oculomotor windows and therefore the operative corridor to the interpeduncular cisterns; both the carotid artery and optic nerve are partially untethered or liberated and can be more safely mobilized.

Urethral extrusion of a peritoneal catheter in a patient with a neobladder: a rare complication of shunt insertion

The insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is considered the standard of care for several forms of hydrocephalus. Abdominal complications are most common with this procedure, comprising up to 30% of all shunt-related problems. Conversely, visceral perforation or extrusion of the shunt apparatus is rare. Herein we report a rare complication of VPS insertion in which the peritoneal catheter was spontaneously extruded through the urethra of a patient with a neobladder. We further discuss the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition.

Intramedullary lesions of the conus medullaris: differential diagnosis and surgical management

The medullary conus represents a distinct entity of the spinal cord regarding its anatomical, clinical and microsurgical features. An overview of the pathologic processes of this region is provided. Epidemiological, clinical and neuroradiological characteristics of neoplastic (glial tumors, non-glial tumors, metastasis, primary melanomas) and non-neoplastic lesions (granulomatous lesions, abscess, parasitic infections, vascular, demyelinating and dysembryogenetic lesions) are discussed. Main MR imaging characteristics used to differentiate neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions consist in pathological spinal cord expansion, gadolinium-enhancement and tumoural cyst formation. Management strategies differ substantially, depending on the kind of lesion. According to the suspected pathological entity radical resection, biopsy or conservative treatments are reasonable options. Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring is a fundamental part of the surgical setting.