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Sher M, Smith J, Blaiss M, Goldsobel A, Yang R, Garin M, Bonuccelli C. Chronic Cough Medical Journey of Participants in a Phase 2b Study for Refractory Chronic Cough. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Goldsobel A, Blaiss M, Sher M, Birring S, Smith J, Harvey L, Yang R, Bonuccelli C, Garin M. Burden of Cough in Refractory Chronic Cough Patients Enrolled in A Phase 2b Study of the P2X3 Antagonist BLU-5937. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Virchow JC, McDonald M, Garin M, Korn S. Reslizumab as add-on therapy in patients with refractory asthma. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021; 7:7/1/e000494. [PMID: 32273395 PMCID: PMC7254105 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Christian Virchow
- Departments of Pneumology/Intensive Care Medicine, Universitätsmedizin, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mirna McDonald
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D Inc, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margaret Garin
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D Inc, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie Korn
- Pulmonary Medicine, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
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Garin M, Heinonen J, Werner L, Pasanen TP, Vähänissi V, Haarahiltunen A, Juntunen MA, Savin H. Black-Silicon Ultraviolet Photodiodes Achieve External Quantum Efficiency above 130. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:117702. [PMID: 32976002 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.117702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
At present, ultraviolet sensors are utilized in numerous fields ranging from various spectroscopy applications via biotechnical innovations to industrial process control. Despite this, the performance of current UV sensors is surprisingly poor. Here, we break the theoretical one-photon-one-electron barrier and demonstrate a device with a certified external quantum efficiency above 130% in UV range without external amplification. The record high performance is obtained using a nanostructured silicon photodiode with self-induced junction. We show that the high efficiency is based on effective utilization of multiple carrier generation by impact ionization taking place in the nanostructures. While the results can readily have a significant impact on the UV-sensor industry, the underlying technological concept can be applied to other semiconductor materials, thereby extending above unity response to longer wavelengths and offering new perspectives for improving efficiencies beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garin
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Engineering, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Carrer de la Laura 13, 08500 Vic, Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Carrer del Gran Capità, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Heinonen
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- ElFys Inc., Tekniikantie 12, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - L Werner
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - T P Pasanen
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - V Vähänissi
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - M A Juntunen
- ElFys Inc., Tekniikantie 12, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - H Savin
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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Wechsler ME, Hickey L, Garin M, Chauhan A. Efficacy of Reslizumab Treatment in Exacerbation-Prone Patients with Severe Eosinophilic Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020; 8:3434-3442.e4. [PMID: 32562877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with severe eosinophilic asthma have increased risk of clinical asthma exacerbations (CAEs), impaired lung function, and lower quality of life (QoL) compared with patients with noneosinophilic asthma. The efficacy and safety of intravenous reslizumab have been demonstrated in 2 duplicate, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies. OBJECTIVE We present findings from post hoc analyses of the subgroup of patients from the phase 3 studies with severe (Global Initiative for Asthma [GINA] Step 4 or 5) eosinophilic asthma who had ≥2 or ≥3 CAEs in the 12 months before screening. METHODS Patients aged ≥12 years with severe eosinophilic asthma were randomized (1:1) to reslizumab 3.0 mg/kg or placebo every 4 weeks for 1 year. Outcomes assessed included CAEs, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and Asthma Control Questionnaire 6 (ACQ-6) and Asthma QoL Questionnaire (AQLQ) scores. RESULTS Of 953 patients randomized, 318 (reslizumab: n = 156; placebo: n = 162) and 164 (reslizumab: n = 72; placebo: n = 92) were GINA 4/5 with ≥2 CAEs in the prior year and ≥3 CAEs in the prior year, respectively. Reslizumab significantly improved CAE rate, time to first CAE, and the proportion of patients who experienced ≥1 CAE versus placebo in both CAE subgroups. Improvements in FEV1, ACQ-6 and AQLQ scores, and systemic corticosteroid burden were also observed with reslizumab versus placebo after 52 weeks of treatment in both CAE subgroups. CONCLUSION Reslizumab reduced CAE frequency and improved lung function, asthma control, and QoL versus placebo in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma with a high CAE rate before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Wechsler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo.
| | - Lisa Hickey
- Teva Branded Pharmaceuticals R&D Inc., West Chester, Pa
| | | | - Anoop Chauhan
- Respiratory Department, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom
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Passarell J, Jaworowicz D, Ludwig E, Rabinovich-Guilatt L, Cox DS, Levi M, Garin M, Fiedler-Kelly J, Bond M. Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Weight-Based Intravenous Reslizumab Dosing. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 60:1039-1050. [PMID: 32333684 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reslizumab 3.0 mg/kg has demonstrated efficacy in clinical studies of patients with eosinophilic asthma and a history of exacerbations. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed to determine whether 3.0 mg/kg weight-based dosing is appropriate to obtain consistent reslizumab exposures in all patients. PK data in healthy volunteers and patients ≥12 years with moderate to severe asthma, eosinophilic asthma, or nasal polyposis were analyzed from 4 phase 1, 2 phase 2, and 2 phase 3 studies of intravenous (IV) reslizumab (N = 804). Covariates evaluated included age, race, sex, baseline weight, renal and liver function, concomitant medications, and antidrug antibody status. Exposure-response models were developed to characterize key efficacy (blood eosinophil levels, forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1 ], Asthma Control Questionnaire [ACQ-7] scores), and safety end points (muscle disorder adverse events [AEs]). Vial-based dosing was evaluated as an alternative to weight-based dosing. IV reslizumab PK was accurately described by a 2-compartment PK model with 0-order input and first-order elimination. Body weight was the only covariate that significantly influenced PK parameters. However, with weight-based dosing, comparable steady-state exposures were observed across high and low body weights. Greater eosinophil lowering and longer response duration were observed with increasing dose; exposure-related effects on FEV1 and ACQ-7 were also seen, demonstrating the clinical importance of a dosing regimen to optimize reslizumab exposure. The probability of a muscle disorder AE appeared to increase with increasing exposure. Steady-state exposure measures were similar for both dosing regimens, showing vial-based dosing as an alternative method of achieving the benefits of weight-based dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Passarell
- Cognigen Corporation, a Simulations Plus company, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - David Jaworowicz
- Cognigen Corporation, a Simulations Plus company, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ludwig
- Cognigen Corporation, a Simulations Plus company, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Donna S Cox
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D Inc, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Micha Levi
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D Inc, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margaret Garin
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D Inc, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jill Fiedler-Kelly
- Cognigen Corporation, a Simulations Plus company, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mary Bond
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D Inc, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
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Virchow JC, Hickey L, Du E, Garin M. In patients with severe asthma with eosinophilia in reslizumab clinical trials, high peripheral blood eosinophil levels are associated with low FEV 1 reversibility. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2020; 16:26. [PMID: 32328116 PMCID: PMC7168990 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-020-00424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A post hoc analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 trials of intravenous reslizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5) biologic for severe eosinophilic asthma. Methods Relationships between baseline blood eosinophil levels (EOS), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) reversibility to β2-agonists and treatment outcomes were assessed. Results Mean baseline FEV1 reversibility was numerically lower among patients with high (≥ 400 cells/µL) versus low baseline EOS. Reslizumab produced clinically significant improvement in FEV1, exacerbation rates and patient-reported outcomes after 52 weeks, including in patients with high EOS and low FEV1 reversibility (≤ 14%) to β2-agonists at baseline. Conclusions Clinical trial eligibility criteria stipulating minimum FEV1 reversibility to β2-agonists of ≥ 12% might exclude patients who would benefit from treatment with anti-IL-5 biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christian Virchow
- 1Departments of Pneumology/Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lisa Hickey
- Former Employee of Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D Inc., West Chester, PA USA
| | - Evelyn Du
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D Inc., West Chester, PA USA
| | - Margaret Garin
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D Inc., West Chester, PA USA
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Bernstein JA, Virchow JC, Murphy K, Maspero JF, Jacobs J, Adir Y, Humbert M, Castro M, Marsteller DA, McElhattan J, Hickey L, Garin M, Vanlandingham R, Brusselle G. Effect of fixed-dose subcutaneous reslizumab on asthma exacerbations in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma and corticosteroid sparing in patients with oral corticosteroid-dependent asthma: results from two phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8:461-474. [PMID: 32066536 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(19)30372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reslizumab 3 mg/kg administered intravenously is approved for the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma. We assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous reslizumab 110 mg in two trials in patients with uncontrolled severe asthma and increased blood eosinophils. The aim was to establish whether subcutaneous reslizumab 110 mg can reduce exacerbation rates in these patients (study 1) or reduce maintenance oral corticosteroid dose in patients with corticosteroid-dependent asthma (study 2). METHODS Both studies were randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies. Entry criteria for study 1 were uncontrolled severe asthma, two or more asthma exacerbations in the previous year, a blood eosinophil count of 300 cells per μL or more (including no more than 30% patients with an eosinophil count <400 cells/μL), and at least a medium dose of inhaled corticosteroids with one or more additional asthma controllers. Patients in study 2 had severe asthma, a blood eosinophil count of 300 cells per μL or more, daily maintenance oral corticosteroid (prednisone 5-40 mg, or equivalent), and high-dose inhaled corticosteroids plus another controller. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to subcutaneous reslizumab (110 mg) or placebo once every 4 weeks for 52 weeks in study 1 and 24 weeks in study 2. Patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. Primary efficacy outcomes were frequency of exacerbations during 52 weeks in study 1 and categorised percentage reduction in daily oral corticosteroid dose from baseline to weeks 20-24 in study 2. Primary efficacy analyses were by intention to treat, and safety analyses included all patients who received at least one dose of study treatment. These studies are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02452190 (study 1) and NCT02501629 (study 2). FINDINGS Between Aug 12, 2015, and Jan 31, 2018, 468 patients in study 1 were randomly assigned to placebo (n=232) or subcutaneous reslizumab (n=236), and 177 in study 2 to placebo (n=89) or subcutaneous reslizumab (n=88). In study 1, we found no significant difference in the exacerbation rate between reslizumab and placebo in the intention-to-treat population (rate ratio 0·79, 95% CI 0·56-1·12; p=0·19). Subcutaneous reslizumab reduced exacerbation frequency compared with placebo in the subgroup of patients with blood eosinophil counts of 400 cells per μL or more (0·64, 95% CI 0·43-0·95). Greater reductions in annual exacerbation risk (p=0·0035) and longer time to first exacerbation were observed for patients with higher trough serum reslizumab concentrations. In study 2, we found no difference between placebo and fixed-dose subcutaneous reslizumab in categorised percentage reduction in daily oral corticosteroid dose (odds ratio for a lower category of oral corticosteroid use in the reslizumab group vs the placebo group, 1·23, 95% CI 0·70-2·16; p=0·47). The frequency of adverse events and serious adverse events with reslizumab were similar to those with placebo in both studies. INTERPRETATION Fixed-dose (110 mg) subcutaneous reslizumab was not effective in reducing exacerbation frequency in patients with uncontrolled asthma and increased blood eosinophils (≥300 cells/μL), or in reducing the daily maintenance oral corticosteroid dose in patients with oral corticosteroid-dependent severe eosinophilic asthma. Higher exposures than those observed with 110 mg subcutaneous reslizumab are required to achieve maximal efficacy. FUNDING Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology/Allergy Section, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Bernstein Clinical Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - J Christian Virchow
- Departments of Pulmonary Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kevin Murphy
- Allergy, Asthma and Pulmonary Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | | | - Joshua Jacobs
- Allergy and Asthma Clinical Research, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Yochai Adir
- Pulmonary Division, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Hickey
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products, West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Margaret Garin
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products, West Chester, PA, USA
| | | | - Guy Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Departments of Epidemiology and Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Bateman ED, Djukanović R, Castro M, Canvin J, Germinaro M, Noble R, Garin M, Buhl R. Predicting Responders to Reslizumab after 16 Weeks of Treatment Using an Algorithm Derived from Clinical Studies of Patients with Severe Eosinophilic Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 199:489-495. [PMID: 30346831 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201708-1668oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Reslizumab is a humanized anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody used as add-on maintenance treatment for patients with uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma. OBJECTIVES To predict response and nonresponse to intravenous reslizumab at 52 weeks with an algorithm we developed based on clinical indicators from pivotal clinical trials. METHODS Patients aged 18 years and older who met Global Initiative for Asthma 4 or 5 criteria and received intravenous reslizumab (n = 321) in two trials ( www.clinicaltrials.gov identifiers, NCT01287039 and NCT01285323) were selected as the data source. A mathematical model was constructed that was based on change from baseline to 16 weeks in Asthma Control Questionnaire and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire scores and FEV1, and number of clinical asthma exacerbations during the year before enrollment and in the first 16 weeks of treatment, and these measures were evaluated for their ability to predict the outcome at 52 weeks: responder, nonresponder, or indeterminate. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The algorithm predicted that 276 patients would be classified as responders; in 248 (89.9%), the prediction was correct. In comparison, 26 patients were predicted to be nonresponders; 50.0% of these predictions were correct. Nineteen patients were classified as indeterminate. The algorithm had 95.4-95.5% sensitivity and 40.6-54.1% specificity. Jackknife and cross-study validation confirmed the robustness of the algorithm. CONCLUSIONS Our algorithm enabled prediction at 16 weeks of treatment of the response to intravenous reslizumab treatment at 52 weeks, but it was not suitable for predicting nonresponse. A positive score at 16 weeks should encourage continued treatment, and a negative score should prompt close monitoring to determine whether discontinuation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mario Castro
- 3 Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Janice Canvin
- 4 Teva Pharmaceuticals Europe BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Noble
- 5 Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania; and
| | | | - Roland Buhl
- 6 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Nair P, Bardin P, Humbert M, Murphy KR, Hickey L, Garin M, Vanlandingham R, Chanez P. Efficacy of Intravenous Reslizumab in Oral Corticosteroid-Dependent Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019; 8:555-564. [PMID: 31626990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reslizumab displays efficacy in patients with inadequately controlled eosinophilic asthma; previous reports in oral corticosteroid-dependent asthma are limited. OBJECTIVE To assess efficacy of reslizumab in oral corticosteroid-dependent patients and benefits on oral corticosteroid burden. METHODS We report post hoc analyses of pooled data from duplicate, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials. Patients aged 12 to 75 years with inadequately controlled, moderate-to-severe asthma were randomized 1:1 to receive intravenous reslizumab 3.0 mg/kg or placebo every 4 weeks for 52 weeks, stratified by oral corticosteroid use at enrollment and by region. Assessments included efficacy and predictors of clinical asthma exacerbation response in oral corticosteroid-dependent patients, and systemic corticosteroids burden in the overall population. RESULTS Patients were randomized to reslizumab (n = 477) or placebo (n = 476); 73 (15%) patients in each group were taking oral corticosteroids at baseline. Reslizumab was favored over placebo for all efficacy end points in oral corticosteroid-dependent patients, with numerically greater improvements in oral corticosteroid-dependent patients than the overall population. Having 2 or more versus 1 clinical asthma exacerbation in the previous 12 months was the strongest positive predictor of reduced exacerbation risk with reslizumab (risk reduction, 77.5% vs 15.2%; P ≤ .02). Significantly fewer new systemic corticosteroid prescriptions were issued per patient receiving reslizumab versus placebo (mean ± SD, 0.5 ± 1.07 vs 1.0 ± 1.52; P < .0001). Total and per-patient systemic corticosteroid burdens were lower: 121,135 versus 290,977 mg and 254 versus 611 mg/patient, respectively (both P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Oral corticosteroid-dependent patients benefited from reslizumab across asthma efficacy outcome measures. Reslizumab-treated patients required fewer new systemic corticosteroid prescriptions and had a lower systemic corticosteroid burden compared with placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Nair
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University & St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Philip Bardin
- Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Medical Centre and University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Sud, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Lisa Hickey
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc, Malvern, Pa
| | - Margaret Garin
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc, Malvern, Pa
| | | | - Pascal Chanez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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Virchow JC, Katial R, Brusselle GG, Shalit Y, Garin M, McDonald M, Castro M. Safety of Reslizumab in Uncontrolled Asthma with Eosinophilia: A Pooled Analysis from 6 Trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019; 8:540-548.e1. [PMID: 31404668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous reslizumab, a monoclonal IL-5 antibody, is approved for treating severe asthma with eosinophilia. Limited structured information is available on the safety of reslizumab in larger populations. OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety profile of intravenous reslizumab 3.0 mg/kg by analyzing data from 6 asthma clinical trials: 5 placebo-controlled (duration ≤52 weeks) and 1 open-label extension (up to 2 years of treatment). METHODS Patients were aged 12 to 75 years with inadequately controlled asthma with eosinophilia. In the placebo-controlled trials, 730 patients received placebo and 1028 received reslizumab 3.0 mg/kg. RESULTS Adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs occurred in higher percentages of patients in the placebo group (81% and 9%) than in the reslizumab group (67% and 6%). Asthma, nasopharyngitis, and upper respiratory tract infection were the most common AEs with placebo and reslizumab. Three cases of anaphylaxis, related to reslizumab, were successfully managed with standard therapies. No significant difference in the incidence of malignancies was seen when compared with placebo or the general population. Among 756 patients with more than 12 months of reslizumab exposure, the AE rate was lower than in the placebo-controlled trials (367.3 vs 433.9 events/100 patient-years). The incidence of AEs in patients on treatment for more than 12 months was no higher than in patients with shorter treatment durations. CONCLUSIONS This analysis confirms that treatment with intravenous reslizumab for more than 12 months is well tolerated in patients with asthma, with no evidence of rare safety events that were not detected in individual trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christian Virchow
- Department of Pneumology/Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Rohit Katial
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Margaret Garin
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D Inc, Malvern, Pa
| | - Mirna McDonald
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D Inc, Malvern, Pa
| | - Mario Castro
- Department of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
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Virchow JC, Hickey L, Garin M. High Peripheral Blood Eosinophil (EOS) Levels Are Associated With Low FEV1 Reversibility (REV) In Patients With Severe Eosinophilic Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hickey L, Carr W, Garin M. Clinically meaningful improvements in asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) scores occur early, while asthma-related quality of life (AQLQ) scores continue to improve over 52 weeks, among patients with eosinophilic asthma receiving IV reslizumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chanez P, Hickey L, Garin M, Castro M. Evaluation of Eosinophilic Asthma Patients Without Blood Eosinophil (EOS) Response to Intravenous (IV) Reslizumab in a Post-Hoc Analysis of 52-Week Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chanez P, McDonald M, Garin M, Murphy K. Early decreases in blood eosinophil levels with reslizumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:1653-1655. [PMID: 30654046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Chanez
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and CIC Nord, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - Mirna McDonald
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc, Malvern, Pa
| | - Margaret Garin
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc, Malvern, Pa
| | - Kevin Murphy
- Allergy, Asthma, and Pulmonary Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Neb
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Weinstein SF, Katial RK, Bardin P, Korn S, McDonald M, Garin M, Bateman ED, Hoyte FCL, Germinaro M. Effects of Reslizumab on Asthma Outcomes in a Subgroup of Eosinophilic Asthma Patients with Self-Reported Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018; 7:589-596.e3. [PMID: 30193936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An estimated 7% of patients with asthma have chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and more than 80% have at least some radiographic evidence of sinonasal inflammation. Aspirin sensitivity is strongly associated with elevated blood eosinophil levels and increased asthma severity. Intravenous (IV) reslizumab has been shown to improve asthma control in patients with nasal polyps. OBJECTIVE These post hoc analyses of pooled data from 2 BREATH phase 3 clinical trials, studies 1 and 2 (NCT01287039 and NCT01285323), examined asthma-related outcomes in patients with comorbid, self-reported CRSwNP with and without aspirin sensitivity. METHODS Patients aged 12-75 years with elevated blood eosinophils (≥400 cells/μL) and inadequately controlled asthma were randomized to receive placebo or reslizumab (3 mg/kg IV) every 4 weeks for 52 weeks. Patients continued their background asthma maintenance therapy during the study. Information regarding the presence of CRSwNP was obtained through patient-reported medical history. RESULTS Add-on reslizumab treatment reduced the frequency of clinical asthma exacerbations by 83% versus placebo among patients with CRSwNP. Among patients with and without aspirin sensitivity, reductions of 79% and 84%, respectively, were observed. Patients with CRSwNP (with and without aspirin sensitivity) treated with reslizumab add-on therapy also had significant improvements in lung function, as measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 second, compared with placebo. Among patients with CRSwNP, reslizumab was also associated with improvements in patient-reported asthma control and asthma quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Patients with eosinophilic asthma and self-reported CRSwNP, with and without aspirin sensitivity, are highly responsive to treatment with reslizumab for asthma-related outcomes. These findings suggest that prospective investigation of reslizumab in this patient population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Weinstein
- Allergy and Asthma Specialists Medical Group and Research Center, Huntington Beach, Calif.
| | - Rohit K Katial
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Philip Bardin
- Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Medical Centre and University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Korn
- Pulmonary Department, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mirna McDonald
- Global Respiratory R&D, Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D Inc., Malvern, Pa
| | - Margaret Garin
- Global Respiratory R&D, Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D Inc., Malvern, Pa
| | - Eric D Bateman
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Flavia C L Hoyte
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Matthew Germinaro
- Global Respiratory R&D, Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D Inc., Malvern, Pa
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Murphy K, Jacobs J, Bjermer L, Fahrenholz JM, Shalit Y, Garin M, Zangrilli J, Castro M. Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Reslizumab in Patients with Eosinophilic Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018; 5:1572-1581.e3. [PMID: 29122156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In placebo-controlled trials, reslizumab, an anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody, significantly reduced asthma exacerbations and improved lung function and asthma control in patients with eosinophilic asthma. OBJECTIVE This open-label extension study evaluated safety and efficacy of reslizumab for up to 24 months. METHODS After participation in 1 of 3 placebo-controlled, phase III trials in moderate-to-severe eosinophilic asthma, patients received reslizumab 3.0 mg/kg intravenously every 4 weeks for up to 24 months. Adverse events (AEs), lung function, and patient-reported asthma control were evaluated. RESULTS In the open-label extension, 1,051 patients received ≥1 reslizumab dose (480 reslizumab-naïve, 571 reslizumab-experienced); median (range) exposure was 319 (36-840) and 343 (36-863) days in reslizumab-naïve and reslizumab-experienced patients, respectively. Continuous exposure, including during the placebo-controlled studies, was ≥12 months for 740 patients and ≥24 months for 249 patients. The most common AEs were worsening of asthma and nasopharyngitis. Serious AEs affected 78 of 1,051 (7%) patients; 18 of 1,051 (2%) discontinued treatment because of AEs; and there were 3 deaths (all non-treatment-related). Fifteen adult patients (15 of 1,023; 1%) had malignancies of diverse tissue types. Reslizumab-experienced patients maintained improved lung function and asthma control; reslizumab-naïve patients had improvements in these measures throughout open-label treatment. Blood eosinophil counts appeared to be returning to baseline after reslizumab discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS In patients with moderate-to-severe eosinophilic asthma, intravenous reslizumab 3.0 mg/kg displays favorable long-term safety and sustained long-term efficacy. Initial improvements in lung function and asthma control were maintained for up to 2 years. These findings substantially add to our understanding of the long-term safety and efficacy of anti-IL-5 strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Murphy
- Allergy, Asthma, and Pulmonary Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, Neb.
| | - Joshua Jacobs
- Allergy and Asthma Clinical Research, Allergy and Asthma Medical Group of the Bay Area, Inc., Walnut Creek, Calif
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - John M Fahrenholz
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Yael Shalit
- Global Patient Safety and Pharmacovigilance, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Margaret Garin
- Global Respiratory R&D, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - James Zangrilli
- Global Respiratory R&D, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
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Korenblat PE, McDonald M, Garin M. Improvements In Individual Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5) Questions With Reslizumab In Patients With Inadequately Controlled Asthma and Elevated Blood Eosinophils: Pooled Analysis of Two Phase 3 Trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Manning ME, Garin M, Jiang B, Sun SX. Impact of Reslizumab on Duration of Exacerbations in Patients with Severe Eosinophilic Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Fahrenholz JM, McDonald M, Garin M. Association Between Asthma Exacerbations and Lung Function With Reslizumab Treatment In Patients With Uncontrolled Eosinophilic Asthma: Pooled Analysis of Two Phase 3 Trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Chipps BE, McDonald M, Garin M. Baseline Characteristics Associated with Quartiles of Reslizumab Effect: Pooled Analysis Of Two Phase 3 Studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Chauhan A, Garin M, Sun S. Efficacy of reslizumab in adults with severe eosinophilic asthma with ≥3 exacerbations in the previous year: analyses at weeks 16 and 52 of two placebo-controlled phase 3 trials. Epidemiology 2017. [DOI: 10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa2626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Corren J, Weinstein S, Janka L, Zangrilli J, Garin M. Phase 3 Study of Reslizumab in Patients With Poorly Controlled Asthma: Effects Across a Broad Range of Eosinophil Counts. Chest 2016; 150:799-810. [PMID: 27018175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-5, a mediator of eosinophil activity, is an important potential treatment target in patients with uncontrolled asthma. The efficacy of reslizumab, a humanized anti-human IL-5 monoclonal antibody, has been characterized in patients with blood eosinophils ≥ 400 cells/μL. This study further characterizes the efficacy and safety of reslizumab in patients with poorly-controlled asthma, particularly those with eosinophils < 400 cells/μL. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to intravenous reslizumab 3.0 mg/kg or placebo once every 4 weeks for 16 weeks. The primary end point was the change in FEV1 from baseline to week 16. Secondary measures included Asthma Control Questionnaire-7 (ACQ-7) scores, use of short-acting β-agonists (SABAs), and FVC. RESULTS Four hundred ninety-two patients received ≥ 1 dose of placebo (n = 97) or reslizumab (n = 395). In the overall population, mean FEV1 change from baseline to week 16 was not significantly different between reslizumab and placebo, and no significant relationship was detected between treatment, baseline blood eosinophils and change in FEV1. In the subgroup of patients with baseline eosinophils < 400 cells/μL, patients treated with reslizumab showed no significant improvement in FEV1 compared with those receiving placebo. In the subgroup with eosinophils ≥ 400 cells/μL, however, treatment with reslizumab was associated with much larger improvements in FEV1, ACQ-7, rescue SABA use, and FVC compared with the placebo group. Reslizumab was well tolerated, with fewer overall adverse events compared with placebo (55% vs 73%). CONCLUSIONS Reslizumab was well tolerated in patients with inadequately controlled asthma. Clinically meaningful effects on lung function and symptom control were not seen in patients unselected for baseline eosinophils. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01508936; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Weinstein
- Allergy and Asthma Specialists Medical Group and Research Center, Huntington Beach, CA
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24
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Bernstein DI, Mansfield L, Zangrilli J, Garin M. Efficacy of Reslizumab in Older Patients (≥65 years) with Asthma and Elevated Blood Eosinophils: Results from a Pooled Analysis of Two Phase 3, Placebo-Controlled Trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Maspero J, Jacobs J, Garin M. Improvements in Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) Domains with Reslizumab in Patients with Inadequately Controlled Asthma and Elevated Blood Eosinophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Villen T, Garin M, Castañeda J, Sanchez M, Penedo R, Zamorano M, Ly D, Diaz L, Roldan F. Usefulness of bedside ultrasound in the detection of body packers in the Emergency Department. Crit Ultrasound J 2012. [PMCID: PMC3524490 DOI: 10.1186/2036-7902-4-s1-a20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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27
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Karthaus M, Poddubnaya I, Churilova L, Khazanov R, Veremeychuk T, Rumyantzeva E, Garin M, Brichkova O, Heinrich B, Heinemann V. Gemcitabine (G) and cisplatin (C) as first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC): Results of phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e11528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e11528 Background: G has been studied in combination with a variety of agents known to be active in cancer. G has a mild toxicity profile. GC is active in various advanced tumors. Splitting of C dose (d1 + d8) is better tolerated and can be a good alternative to once a cycle in pts with advanced breast cancer. This phase II trial evaluates G (1000 mg/m2) C (35 mg/ m2) d1+d8 repeated every 21 d in the 1st-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The primary objective of the study was to determine the objective tumor response rate (ORR) of 1st-line GC in patients with metastatic breast cancer. The one-stage design tested the null hypothesis that the true response rate for this population should be equal to 50% for efficacy. Overall survival (OS), time to progression (TTP) and toxicity were evaluated. Methods: 70 female MBC pts with the median age of 49.8 yrs (range 29.6-80.0) were enrolled. Tumor assessment was performed every other cycle by standard criteria including CT or MRI. 67 pts received a total of 310 cycles GC, out of these 54 pts were evaluable for efficacy. Results: Complete and partial responses were observed in 7/54 (13.0%) and 19/54 (35.2%) evaluable pts, respectively with an overall response of 48.1%. Disease stabilization was noticed in 19/54 (35.2%) pts. Progression was observed in 5/54 (9.3%) pts. Median TTP was 33.9 weeks (95% CI, 23.9-48.0). Median OS was 84.0 weeks (95% CI, 58.6-119.3). 1-year overall survival rate was 68.4% (95% CI, 53.6-79.3%). Hematological toxicity G4 was neutropenia in 14.9% (10/67), and no G4 thrombocytopenia. Hypotension G4 (1.5%) was the only severe non-hematological toxicity. Conclusions: GC in the first-line treatment of MBC demonstrated a substantial overall response rate and had a good toxicity profile. GC is a suitable option for first-line MBC in selected pts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Garin
- Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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28
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Karthaus M, Poddubnaya I, Churilova L, Khasanov R, Veremeychuk T, Rumyantseva E, Garin M, Brichkova O, Heinrich B, Heinemann V. Gemcitabine (G) and cisplatin (C) as first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC): Results of phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.27_suppl.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
273 Background: G has been studied in combination with a variety of agents known to be active in cancer. G has a mild toxicity profile. GC is active in various advanced tumors. Splitting of C dose (D 1 + d8) is better tolerated and can be a good alternative to once a cycle in pts with advanced breast cancer. This phase II trial evaluates G (1000 mg/m2) C (35 mg/ m2) d1+8 repeated every 21 d in the 1st-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The primary objective of the study was to determine the objective tumor response rate (ORR) of 1st-line GC in patients with metastatic breast cancer.The one-stage design tested the null hypothesis that the true response rate for this population should be equal to 50% for efficacy. Overall survival (OS), time to progression (TTP) and toxicity were evaluated. Methods: 70 female MBC pts with the median age of 49.8 ys (range 29.6-80.0) were enrolled. Tumor assessment was performed every other cycle by standard criteria including CT or MRI. 67 pts received a total of 310 cycles GC, out of these 54 pts were evaluable for efficacy. Results: Complete and partial responses were observed in 7/54 (13.0%) and 19/54 (35.2%) evaluable pts, respectively with an overall response of 48.2%. Disease stabilization was noticed in 19/54 (35.2%) pts. Progression was observed in 5/54 (9.3%) pts. TTP was 33.9 weeks (95% CI, 23.9-48.0). OS was 84.0 weeks (95% CI, 58.6-119.3). 1-year overall survival rate was 68.4% (95% CI, 53.6-79.3%). Hematological toxicity G4 was neutropenia in 14.9% (10/67), and no G4 thrombocytopenia. Hypotension G4 (1.5%) was the only severe non-hematological toxicity. Conclusions: GC in the first-line treatment of MBC, demonstrated a substantial overall response rate and had a good toxicity profile. GC is a suitable option for first-line MBC in selected pts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Karthaus
- Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany; Russian Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Barnaul, Russia; Republic Oncology Dispensary, Kazan, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Murmansk, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Vladimir, Russia; Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Saratov, Russia; Hämatologisch-onkologische-Praxis Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - I. Poddubnaya
- Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany; Russian Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Barnaul, Russia; Republic Oncology Dispensary, Kazan, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Murmansk, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Vladimir, Russia; Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Saratov, Russia; Hämatologisch-onkologische-Praxis Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - L. Churilova
- Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany; Russian Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Barnaul, Russia; Republic Oncology Dispensary, Kazan, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Murmansk, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Vladimir, Russia; Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Saratov, Russia; Hämatologisch-onkologische-Praxis Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R. Khasanov
- Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany; Russian Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Barnaul, Russia; Republic Oncology Dispensary, Kazan, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Murmansk, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Vladimir, Russia; Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Saratov, Russia; Hämatologisch-onkologische-Praxis Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T. Veremeychuk
- Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany; Russian Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Barnaul, Russia; Republic Oncology Dispensary, Kazan, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Murmansk, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Vladimir, Russia; Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Saratov, Russia; Hämatologisch-onkologische-Praxis Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - E. Rumyantseva
- Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany; Russian Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Barnaul, Russia; Republic Oncology Dispensary, Kazan, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Murmansk, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Vladimir, Russia; Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Saratov, Russia; Hämatologisch-onkologische-Praxis Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Garin
- Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany; Russian Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Barnaul, Russia; Republic Oncology Dispensary, Kazan, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Murmansk, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Vladimir, Russia; Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Saratov, Russia; Hämatologisch-onkologische-Praxis Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - O. Brichkova
- Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany; Russian Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Barnaul, Russia; Republic Oncology Dispensary, Kazan, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Murmansk, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Vladimir, Russia; Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Saratov, Russia; Hämatologisch-onkologische-Praxis Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B. Heinrich
- Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany; Russian Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Barnaul, Russia; Republic Oncology Dispensary, Kazan, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Murmansk, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Vladimir, Russia; Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Saratov, Russia; Hämatologisch-onkologische-Praxis Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - V. Heinemann
- Klinikum Neuperlach, Munich, Germany; Russian Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Barnaul, Russia; Republic Oncology Dispensary, Kazan, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Murmansk, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Vladimir, Russia; Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Oncology Dispensary, Saratov, Russia; Hämatologisch-onkologische-Praxis Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Jenab-Wolcott J, Tan K, Heitjan DF, Giantonio BJ, Garin M, Powers J, Stopfer J, Hoops T, Rustgi A. Evaluation of physician knowledge and referral practices for colorectal cancer (CRC) genetic risk assessment: The experience at the Hospital of University of Pennsylvania (HUP). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
379 Background: 3-5% of CRCs are due to inherited genetic mutations. We surveyed knowledge and practices of academic physicians for identification and care of individuals at risk for inherited CRC. Methods: 264 physicians (oncologists (ON), gastroenterologists (GA), surgeons, internists, gynecologists, and radiation oncologists) at HUP were invited to participate in a web-based 9-min survey. The ability to obtain appropriate medical history and to make referral to genetic services was evaluated. Knowledge of hereditary CRC syndromes was examined both pre and post viewing of an educational web-page on inherited CRCs. Mantel-Haenszel, Fisher exact, and McNemar statistical tests were applied. Results: Response rate was 33.3%; and of those, 97.4% accessed the educational webpage. In the cohort, 98.9 % obtained a medical history very frequently (VF), 88.6% obtained cancer history in 1st and 45.5% in the 2nd degree relatives VF, and 63.9% asked about the relatives' age at time of cancer diagnosis VF. Of those most likely to care for patients with CRC, the GA more frequently asked about relatives' age at cancer diagnosis (p=0.014) and family history of polyps (p< 0.001) than ON. GA were more likely than ON to refer patients for genetic counseling (73.9% vs. 36.8%, p=0.008). GA had superior knowledge of the availability of genetic testing for Lynch syndrome (LS) (95.6% GA vs. 63.2% ON, p=0.005) and for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) (100.0% GA vs. 65.8% ON, p<0.001). For the entire cohort, the educational intervention raised awareness of genetic testing for LS (64.5% pre vs. 94.7% post, p<0.001), FAP (69.7% pre vs. 97.4% post, p<0.001), and Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (31.6% pre vs. 84.2% post, p<0.001); and it significantly improved recognition of LS family pedigrees and selection of appropriate surveillance. Conclusions: Of the respondents, GA are more likely to obtain a detailed family history, utilize genetic services, and have a greater awareness of the availability of genetic testing, than ON. A simple educational intervention improves physician knowledge on inherited CRC risk recognition and surveillance recommendations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Jenab-Wolcott
- Consultants in Medical Oncology & Hematology P.C., Drexel Hill, PA; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania Health System, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K. Tan
- Consultants in Medical Oncology & Hematology P.C., Drexel Hill, PA; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania Health System, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - D. F. Heitjan
- Consultants in Medical Oncology & Hematology P.C., Drexel Hill, PA; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania Health System, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - B. J. Giantonio
- Consultants in Medical Oncology & Hematology P.C., Drexel Hill, PA; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania Health System, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M. Garin
- Consultants in Medical Oncology & Hematology P.C., Drexel Hill, PA; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania Health System, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J. Powers
- Consultants in Medical Oncology & Hematology P.C., Drexel Hill, PA; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania Health System, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J. Stopfer
- Consultants in Medical Oncology & Hematology P.C., Drexel Hill, PA; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania Health System, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - T. Hoops
- Consultants in Medical Oncology & Hematology P.C., Drexel Hill, PA; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania Health System, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A. Rustgi
- Consultants in Medical Oncology & Hematology P.C., Drexel Hill, PA; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; University of Pennsylvania Health System, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
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30
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Nadal E, Garin M, Kaeda J, Apperley J, Lechler R, Dazzi F. Increased frequencies of CD4(+)CD25(high) T(regs) correlate with disease relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2007; 21:472-9. [PMID: 17215853 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) largely relies on the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect exerted by donor T cells. CD4(+)CD25(high) regulatory T cells (T(regs)) have been shown to downregulate antitumor responses but their role on GvL has not been evaluated. We performed a cross-sectional study in which we enumerated and characterized CD4(+)CD25(high) T(regs) in the peripheral blood of CML patients undergoing allogeneic SCT. We documented higher frequencies of T(regs) in patients after transplant as compared to normal controls and newly diagnosed patients. The increment was particularly evident in patients who had received their SCT 18 months before. In vitro functional studies demonstrated that the T(regs) purified from SCT patients exhibited a more potent suppressive activity than T(regs) isolated from healthy volunteers. Patients in whom T(regs) numbers were higher than controls more than 18 months after SCT showed evidence of disease relapse. Although the increment in T(regs) might have an advantageous effect on graft rejection in the early phase post-transplant, our data suggest that T(regs) exert an inhibitory effect on GvL.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology
- CD4 Antigens/analysis
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/blood
- Graft vs Leukemia Effect/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/analysis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/surgery
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
- Recurrence
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Transplantation Conditioning
- Transplantation, Homologous/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nadal
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
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31
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Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY To assess to which extent performing saccadic eye movements modifies the postural strategies aimed at maintaining balance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve healthy adults were tested on a force platform in several conditions including one in which they were required to stare a visual target and four in which small and larger saccadic eyes movements were performed vertically and horizontally. The displacements of the centre of pressure (CP) were then processed through frequency analysis and modelled as fractional Brownian motion (fBm). Through the latter, one may objectively assess from which distance and after which delay corrective process are initiated. In addition, the degree with which the CP movement is successively controlled is determined. RESULTS A decrease of the magnitudes of the CP trajectories is observed during saccades, especially along the anteroposterior axis. The fBm modelling emphasises the setting of a particular postural strategy whose main effect consists in more delayed corrective processes associated with a better capacity to control the corrective CP displacements. CONCLUSION This particular strategy could be linked to the difficulty for the subjects to detect pertinent visual information in this very axis and/or an increased cognitive constraint due to the saccades. On the whole, these data underline the necessity, when performing postural protocols, to ask the patients to stare a visual target in order to limit their eye movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rougier
- Laboratoire de modélisation des activités sportives, université de Savoie, domaine universitaire de Savoie-Technolac, 73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac cedex, France.
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32
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Chalmers D, Ferrand C, Apperley JF, Melo JV, Ebeling S, Newton I, Duperrier A, Hagenbeek A, Garrett E, Tiberghien P, Garin M. Elimination of the truncated message from the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase suicide gene. Mol Ther 2001; 4:146-8. [PMID: 11482986 DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2001.0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction of the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene into target cells renders them susceptible to killing by ganciclovir (GCV). We are studying the use of HSV-tk-transduced T lymphocytes in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We have previously shown, in vitro and in vivo, the occurrence of transduced cells resistant to GCV due to a deletion within HSV-tk. This deletion, a consequence of the presence of cryptic splice donor and acceptor sites, originates in the retroviral producer cell. Here we adopt two different methods that introduce third-base degenerate changes at the cryptic splice sites and so prevent splicing. Consequently, the HSV-tk protein is unaltered and the sensitivity of the target cells to GCV is preserved. The use of this mutated HSV-tk should reduce the likelihood of the development of resistant genetically modified cells during clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chalmers
- Laboratoire de Thérapeutique Immuno-Moléculaire, INSERM-E0119, UPRES-EA 2284 Etablissement Français du Sang, Bourgogne/Franche-Comté, 1 Boulevard A. Fleming, Besançon, 25020, France.
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33
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Garin M, Rossi L, Luque J, Magnani M. Lactate catabolism by enzyme-loaded red blood cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 1995; 22:295-303. [PMID: 8573290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Two different enzymes that metabolize lactate in the presence of oxygen, either to acetate plus CO2 (lactate 2-mono-oxygenase; Lmox) or to pyruvate plus H2O2 (lactate oxidase; Lox) were encapsulated in human and murine red blood cells (RBCs). Lmox shows a low affinity for lactate (Km 22 mM) and thus works at a low rate at the lactate concentrations found in hyperlactataemia (5-20 mM). Encapsulation of Lox provides a constant catabolic rate under the same range of blood lactate concentrations, but generates H2O2, which is toxic to the enzyme-loaded RBCs. Co-encapsulation of both enzymes at a ratio of 20 units of Lmox/unit of Lox results in significant rates of lactate metabolism over a wide range (1-30 mM) of lactate concentrations with modest methaemoglobin formation (5-8.5%) and normal cellular ATP concentrations (1.1-1.23 mM). In vitro experiments with [1-14C]glucose and [U-14C]glucose have shown that Lmox/Lox-loaded RBCs counteract the production of H2O2 by increasing the amount of glucose metabolized in the pentose phosphate pathway. In vivo attempts to prove the efficacy of these engineered RBCs in removal of blood lactate in mice have failed because of the high aerobic capacity and high lactate metabolism of these animals. However, the results obtained in vitro suggest that the encapsulation of lactate-catabolizing enzymes may be useful in the treatment of hyperlactataemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garin
- Department of Bioquimica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Alcalà, Alcala' de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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