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Kuryło P, Wysoczański A, Cyganiuk J, Dzikuć M, Szufa S, Bonarski P, Burduk A, Frankovský P, Motyka P, Medyński D. Selected Determinants of Machines and Devices Standardization in Designing Automated Production Processes in Industry 4.0. Materials (Basel) 2022; 16:312. [PMID: 36614651 PMCID: PMC9822156 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study presents a practical application of multi-criteria standardization of machines and devices in the design of the automated production processes in industry 4.0 and its direct impact on the economic aspects of an enterprise, along with a comparison of the state before and after the implementation of the proposed changes. The solutions recommended in the article also fit into the assumptions of low-carbon development by implementing solutions that reduce energy consumption. The research carried out and presented in the text confirmed the effectiveness of the described solution. The study also presents examples confirming the correctness of implementing standardization, synergy and coherence in the design of production processes. Additionally, a new advanced eLean application was presented to support production processes in the field of Lean Management. The Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) module currently implemented in the industry is concerned with ensuring the maximum efficiency of machines and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kuryło
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Licealna Street 9, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Adam Wysoczański
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Licealna Street 9, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Joanna Cyganiuk
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Licealna Street 9, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Maria Dzikuć
- Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Zielona Góra, Licealna Street 9, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Szymon Szufa
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska Street 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Bonarski
- Faculty of Managemant, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza Street 5, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Burduk
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza Street 5, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Peter Frankovský
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 040 02 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Piotr Motyka
- Faculty of Technical and Economic Science, Witelon Collegium State University, Sejmowa Street 5A, 59-220 Legnica, Poland
| | - Daniel Medyński
- Faculty of Technical and Economic Science, Witelon Collegium State University, Sejmowa Street 5A, 59-220 Legnica, Poland
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Szufa S, Piersa P, Adrian Ł, Czerwińska J, Lewandowski A, Lewandowska W, Sielski J, Dzikuć M, Wróbel M, Jewiarz M, Knapczyk A. Sustainable Drying and Torrefaction Processes of Miscanthus for Use as a Pelletized Solid Biofuel and Biocarbon-Carrier for Fertilizers. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041014. [PMID: 33672961 PMCID: PMC7918560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Miscanthus is resistant to dry, frosty winters in Poland and most European Union countries. Miscanthus gives higher yields compared to native species. Farmers can produce Miscanthus pellets after drying it for their own heating purposes. From the third year, the most efficient plant development begins, resulting in a yield of 25-30 tons of dry matter from an area of 1 hectare. Laboratory scale tests were carried out on the processes of drying, compacting, and torrefaction of this biomass type. The analysis of the drying process was conducted at three temperature levels of the drying agent (60, 100, and 140 °C). Compaction on a hydraulic press was carried out in the pressure range characteristic of a pressure agglomeration (130.8-457.8 MPa) at different moisture contents of the raw material (0.5% and 10%). The main interest in this part was to assess the influence of drying temperature, moisture content, and compaction pressure on the specific densities (DE) and the mechanical durability of the pellets (DU). In the next step, laboratory analyses of the torrefaction process were carried out, initially using the Thermogravimetric Analysis TGA and Differential Scaning Calorimeter DSC techniques (to assess activation energy (EA)), followed by a flow reactor operating at five temperature levels (225, 250, 275, 300, and 525 °C). A SEM analysis of Miscanthus after torrefaction processes at three different temperatures was performed. Both the parameters of biochar (proximate and ultimate analysis) and the quality of the torgas (volatile organic content (VOC)) were analyzed. The results show that both drying temperature and moisture level will affect the quality of the pellets. Analysis of the torrefaction process shows clearly that the optimum process temperature would be around 300-340 °C from a mass loss ratio and economical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Szufa
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (P.P.); (Ł.A.); (J.C.); (A.L.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-606-134-239
| | - Piotr Piersa
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (P.P.); (Ł.A.); (J.C.); (A.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Łukasz Adrian
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (P.P.); (Ł.A.); (J.C.); (A.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Justyna Czerwińska
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (P.P.); (Ł.A.); (J.C.); (A.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Artur Lewandowski
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (P.P.); (Ł.A.); (J.C.); (A.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wiktoria Lewandowska
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (P.P.); (Ł.A.); (J.C.); (A.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Jan Sielski
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Maria Dzikuć
- Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Zielona Góra, ul. Licealna 9, 65-246 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Marek Wróbel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agrophysics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 120, 30-149 Kraków, Poland; (M.W.); (M.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Marcin Jewiarz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agrophysics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 120, 30-149 Kraków, Poland; (M.W.); (M.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Adrian Knapczyk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agrophysics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 120, 30-149 Kraków, Poland; (M.W.); (M.J.); (A.K.)
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