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Di Mambro A, Arroyo-Berdugo Y, Fioretti T, Randles M, Cozzuto L, Rajeeve V, Cevenini A, Austin MJ, Esposito G, Ponomarenko J, Lucas CM, Cutillas P, Gribben J, Williams O, Calle Y, Patel B, Esposito MT. SET-PP2A complex as a new therapeutic target in KMT2A (MLL) rearranged AML. Oncogene 2023; 42:3670-3683. [PMID: 37891368 PMCID: PMC10709139 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2A-R) is an aggressive and chemo-refractory acute leukemia which mostly affects children. Transcriptomics-based characterization and chemical interrogation identified kinases as key drivers of survival and drug resistance in KMT2A-R leukemia. In contrast, the contribution and regulation of phosphatases is unknown. In this study we uncover the essential role and underlying mechanisms of SET, the endogenous inhibitor of Ser/Thr phosphatase PP2A, in KMT2A-R-leukemia. Investigation of SET expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples demonstrated that SET is overexpressed, and elevated expression of SET is correlated with poor prognosis and with the expression of MEIS and HOXA genes in AML patients. Silencing SET specifically abolished the clonogenic ability of KMT2A-R leukemic cells and the transcription of KMT2A targets genes HOXA9 and HOXA10. Subsequent mechanistic investigations showed that SET interacts with both KMT2A wild type and fusion proteins, and it is recruited to the HOXA10 promoter. Pharmacological inhibition of SET by FTY720 disrupted SET-PP2A interaction leading to cell cycle arrest and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in KMT2A-R-leukemic models. Phospho-proteomic analyses revealed that FTY720 reduced the activity of kinases regulated by PP2A, including ERK1, GSK3β, AURB and PLK1 and led to suppression of MYC, supporting the hypothesis of a feedback loop among PP2A, AURB, PLK1, MYC, and SET. Our findings illustrate that SET is a novel player in KMT2A-R leukemia and they provide evidence that SET antagonism could serve as a novel strategy to treat this aggressive leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiziana Fioretti
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michael Randles
- Chester Centre for Leukaemia Research, Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Luca Cozzuto
- Centre Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Armando Cevenini
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael J Austin
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Julia Ponomarenko
- Centre Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claire M Lucas
- Chester Centre for Leukaemia Research, Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John Gribben
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Owen Williams
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London, UCL, London, UK
| | - Yolanda Calle
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Bela Patel
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maria Teresa Esposito
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK.
- School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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2
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Mauro CSI, Hassani MK, Barone M, Esposito MT, Calle Y, Behrends V, Garcia S, Brigidi P, Turroni S, Costabile A. Cerrado and Pantanal fruit flours affect gut microbiota composition in healthy and post-COVID-19 individuals: an in vitro pilot fermentation study. Int J Food Sci Technol 2023; 58:IJFS16274. [PMID: 36721386 PMCID: PMC9880733 DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.16274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerrado and Pantanal plants can provide fruits with high nutritional value and antioxidants. This study aims to evaluate four fruit flours (from jatobá pulp, cumbaru almond, bocaiuva pulp and bocaiuva almond) and their effects on the gut microbiota in healthy (HD) and post-COVID-19 individuals (PC). An in vitro batch system was carried out, the microbiota was analysed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and the short-chain fatty acids ratio was determined. Furthermore, the effect of jatobá pulp flour oil (JAO) on cell viability, oxidative stress and DNA damage was investigated in a myelo-monocytic cell line. Beyond confirming a microbiota imbalance in PC, we identified flour-specific effects: (i) reduction of Veillonellaceae with jatobá extract in PC samples; (ii) decrease in Akkermansia with jatoba and cumbaru flours; (iii) decreasing trend of Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus with all flours tested, with the exception of the bocaiuva almond in HD samples for Ruminococcus and (iv) increase in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in PC samples with bocaiuva almond flour. JAO displayed antioxidant properties protecting cells from daunorubicin-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and DNA damage. The promising microbiota-modulating abilities of some flours and the chemopreventive effects of JAO deserve to be further explored in human intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of BolognaBologna40138Italy
| | | | - Yolanda Calle
- School of Life and Health SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonSW15 4JDUK
| | - Volker Behrends
- School of Life and Health SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonSW15 4JDUK
| | - Sandra Garcia
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyState University of LondrinaLondrina86057‐970Brazil
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of BolognaBologna40138Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of BolognaBologna40126Italy
| | - Adele Costabile
- School of Life and Health SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonSW15 4JDUK
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3
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Andellini M, Manco M, Esposito MT, Tozzi AE, Bergman M, Ritrovato M. A simulation model estimates lifetime health and economic outcomes of screening prediabetes using the 1-h plasma glucose. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:9-17. [PMID: 36127565 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The current method to diagnose impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is based on the 2-h plasma glucose (2-hPG) value during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Robust evidence demonstrates that the 1-h post-load plasma glucose (1-hPG) ≥ 8.6 mmol/L in those with normal glucose tolerance is highly predictive of type 2 diabetes (T2D), micro and macrovascular complications and mortality. The aim of this study was to conduct a health economic analysis to estimate long-term cost-effectiveness of using the 1-hPG compared to the 2-hPG for screening and assessing the risk of diabetes over 35 years. The main outcome was cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. METHODS A Monte Carlo-based Markov simulation model was developed to forecast long-term effects of two screening strategies with regards to clinical and cost-effectiveness outcomes. The base case model included 20,000 simulated patients over 35-years follow-up. Transition probabilities on disease progression, mortality, effects on preventive treatments and complications were retrieved from landmark diabetes studies. Direct medical costs were sourced from published literature and inflated to 2019 Euros. RESULTS In the lifetime analysis, the 1-hPG was projected to increase the number of years free from disease (2 years per patient); to delay the onset of T2D (1 year per patient); to reduce the incidence of T2D complications (0·6 RR-Relative Risk per patient) and to increase the QALY gained (0·58 per patient). Even if the 1-hPG diagnostic method resulted in higher initial costs associated with preventive treatment, long-term diabetes-related costs as well as complications costs were reduced leading to a lifetime saving of - 31225719.82€. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was - 8214.7€ per each QALY gained for the overall population. CONCLUSIONS Screening prediabetes with the 1-hPG is feasible and cost-effective resulting in reduced costs per QALY. Notwithstanding, the higher initial costs of testing with the 1-hPG compared to the 2-hPG due to incremental preventive intervention, long-term diabetes and complications costs were reduced projecting an overall cost saving of - 8214.7€ per each QALY gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Andellini
- Health Technology Assessment Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases and Complex Phenotypes. Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Via F. Baldelli 38, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Esposito
- Health Technology Assessment Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Eugenio Tozzi
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases and Complex Phenotypes. Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Via F. Baldelli 38, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Bergman
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Diabetes Prevention Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Matteo Ritrovato
- Health Technology Assessment Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Roy NK, Tewari D, Esposito MT. Editorial: Chemosensitizing effect of natural products against cancers: Applications in enhancing chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:988226. [PMID: 36110549 PMCID: PMC9469189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.988226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nand K. Roy
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Nand K. Roy, ; Devesh Tewari, ; Maria Teresa Esposito,
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Nand K. Roy, ; Devesh Tewari, ; Maria Teresa Esposito,
| | - Maria Teresa Esposito
- School of Life and Health Science University of Roehampton, Roehampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Nand K. Roy, ; Devesh Tewari, ; Maria Teresa Esposito,
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5
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Esposito MT, Hagström-Andersson A, Stam RW, Bortoluzzi S. Editorial: Harnessing chemotherapy resistance and development of novel therapeutic strategies for acute leukemia with KMT2A (MLL)-gene rearrangements. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:977741. [PMID: 36003510 PMCID: PMC9393731 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.977741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Esposito
- School of Life and Health Science, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Maria Teresa Esposito,
| | - Anna Hagström-Andersson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ronald W. Stam
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
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6
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Abstract
Blood transfusions are often essential for treatment of severe anaemia and pregnancy complications. The unavailability of blood is a medical concern, especially in developing countries. New sources of red blood cells (RBC) are under investigation. Several studies have attempted to produce functional RBC from CD34+ haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) isolated from peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood, from embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). A recent article published in Nature Communications describes a novel model for generating RBC from a stable erythroid cell line obtained from bone marrow CD34+ haematopoietic stem cells (HSC). The cells generated by this method are phenotypically and functionally adult RBC, that resemble very well the donor RBC. In vivo experiments confirmed no difference in the survival of these RBC and donor RBC. The study therefore highlights that this immortalized line is a promising new source of adult RBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Esposito
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, Whiteland College, London, SW15 4JD UK
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Esposito
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane London E15 4LZ, UK.
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8
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Esposito MT, Zhao L, Fung TK, Rane JK, Wilson A, Martin N, Gil J, Leung AY, Ashworth A, So CWE. Synthetic lethal targeting of oncogenic transcription factors in acute leukemia by PARP inhibitors. Nat Med 2015; 21:1481-90. [PMID: 26594843 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is mostly driven by oncogenic transcription factors, which have been classically viewed as intractable targets using small-molecule inhibitor approaches. Here we demonstrate that AML driven by repressive transcription factors, including AML1-ETO (encoded by the fusion oncogene RUNX1-RUNX1T1) and PML-RARα fusion oncoproteins (encoded by PML-RARA) are extremely sensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition, in part owing to their suppressed expression of key homologous recombination (HR)-associated genes and their compromised DNA-damage response (DDR). In contrast, leukemia driven by mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL, encoded by KMT2A) fusions with dominant transactivation ability is proficient in DDR and insensitive to PARP inhibition. Intriguingly, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of an MLL downstream target, HOXA9, which activates expression of various HR-associated genes, impairs DDR and sensitizes MLL leukemia to PARP inhibitors (PARPis). Conversely, HOXA9 overexpression confers PARPi resistance to AML1-ETO and PML-RARα transformed cells. Together, these studies describe a potential utility of PARPi-induced synthetic lethality for leukemia treatment and reveal a novel molecular mechanism governing PARPi sensitivity in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cellular Senescence/drug effects
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- DNA Damage
- DNA Repair/drug effects
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Oncogenes
- Phthalazines/pharmacology
- Phthalazines/therapeutic use
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Esposito
- Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, Department of Haematological Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lu Zhao
- Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, Department of Haematological Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tsz Kan Fung
- Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, Department of Haematological Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jayant K Rane
- Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, Department of Haematological Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, Department of Haematological Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nadine Martin
- Cell Proliferation Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jesus Gil
- Cell Proliferation Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anskar Y Leung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alan Ashworth
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chi Wai Eric So
- Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, Department of Haematological Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Querques F, Cantilena B, Cozzolino C, Esposito MT, Passaro F, Parisi S, Lombardo B, Russo T, Pastore L. Angiotensin receptor I stimulates osteoprogenitor proliferation through TGFβ-mediated signaling. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1466-74. [PMID: 25556973 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies of large human populations and pharmacological interventions in rodent models have recently suggested that anti-hypertensive drugs that target angiotensin II (Ang II) activity may also reduce loss of bone mineral density. Here, we identified in a genetic screening the Ang II type I receptor (AT1R) as a potential determinant of osteogenic differentiation and, implicitly, bone formation. Silencing of AT1R expression by RNA interference severely impaired the maturation of a multipotent mesenchymal cell line (W20-17) along the osteoblastic lineage. The same effect was also observed after the addition of the AT1R antagonist losartan but not the AT2R inhibitor PD123,319. Additional cell culture assays traced the time of greatest losartan action to the early stages of W20-17 differentiation, namely during cell proliferation. Indeed, addition of Ang II increased proliferation of differentiating W20-17 and primary mesenchymal stem cells and this stimulation was reversed by losartan treatment. Cells treated with losartan also displayed an appreciable decrease of activated (phosphorylated)-Smad2/3 proteins. Moreover, Ang II treatment elevated endogenous transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) expression considerably and in an AT1R-dependent manner. Finally, exogenous TGFβ was able to restore high proliferative activity to W20-17 cells that were treated with both Ang II and losartan. Collectively, these results suggest a novel mechanism of Ang II action in bone metabolism that is mediated by TGFβ and targets proliferation of osteoblast progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Querques
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II,", Naples, Italy
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10
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Esposito MT, So CWE. DNA damage accumulation and repair defects in acute myeloid leukemia: implications for pathogenesis, disease progression, and chemotherapy resistance. Chromosoma 2014; 123:545-61. [PMID: 25112726 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-014-0482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage repair mechanisms are vital to maintain genomic integrity. Mutations in genes involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) can increase the risk of developing cancer. In recent years, a variety of polymorphisms in DDR genes have been associated with increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or of disease relapse. Moreover, a growing body of literature has indicated that epigenetic silencing of DDR genes could contribute to the leukemogenic process. In addition, a variety of AML oncogenes have been shown to induce replication and oxidative stress leading to accumulation of DNA damage, which affects the balance between proliferation and differentiation. Conversely, upregulation of DDR genes can provide AML cells with escape mechanisms to the DDR anticancer barrier and induce chemotherapy resistance. The current review summarizes the DDR pathways in the context of AML and describes how aberrant DNA damage response can affect AML pathogenesis, disease progression, and resistance to standard chemotherapy, and how defects in DDR pathways may provide a new avenue for personalized therapeutic strategies in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Esposito
- Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, Department of Hematological Medicine, King's College London, Denmark Hill campus, SE5 9NU, London, UK
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11
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Yeung J, Esposito MT, Gandillet A, Zeisig BB, Griessinger E, Bonnet D, So CWE. β-Catenin mediates the establishment and drug resistance of MLL leukemic stem cells. Cancer Cell 2010; 18:606-18. [PMID: 21156284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Identification of molecular pathways essential for cancer stem cells is critical for understanding the underlying biology and designing effective cancer therapeutics. Here, we demonstrated that β-catenin was activated during development of MLL leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Suppression of β-catenin reversed LSCs to a pre-LSC-like stage and significantly reduced the growth of human MLL leukemic cells. Conditional deletion of β-catenin completely abolished the oncogenic potential of MLL-transformed cells. In addition, established MLL LSCs that have acquired resistance against GSK3 inhibitors could be resensitized by suppression of β-catenin expression. These results unveil previously unrecognized multifaceted functions of β-catenin in the establishment and drug-resistant properties of MLL stem cells, highlighting it as a potential therapeutic target for an important subset of AMLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Yeung
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, Denmark Hill, UK
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12
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Tarallo V, Vesci L, Capasso O, Esposito MT, Riccioni T, Pastore L, Orlandi A, Pisano C, De Falco S. A placental growth factor variant unable to recognize vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-1 inhibits VEGF-dependent tumor angiogenesis via heterodimerization. Cancer Res 2010; 70:1804-13. [PMID: 20145150 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is one of the crucial events for cancer development and growth. Two members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, VEGF-A and placental growth factor (PlGF), which are able to heterodimerize if coexpressed in the same cell, are both required for pathologic angiogenesis. We have generated a PlGF1 variant, named PlGF1-DE in which the residues Asp72 and Glu73 were substituted with Ala, which is unable to bind and activate VEGF receptor-1 but is still able to heterodimerize with VEGF. Here, we show that overexpression in tumor cells by adenoviral delivery or stable transfection of PlGF1-DE variant significantly reduces the production of VEGF homodimer via heterodimerization, determining a strong inhibition of xenograft tumor growth and neoangiogenesis, as well as significant reduction of vessel lumen and stabilization, and monocyte-macrophage infiltration. Conversely, the overexpression of PlGF1wt, also reducing the VEGF homodimer production comparably with PlGF1-DE variant through the generation of VEGF/PlGF heterodimer, does not inhibit tumor growth and vessel density compared with controls but induces increase of vessel lumen, vessel stabilization, and monocyte-macrophage infiltration. The property of PlGF and VEGF-A to generate heterodimer represents a successful strategy to inhibit VEGF-dependent angiogenesis. The PlGF1-DE variant, and not PlGF1wt as previously reported, acts as a "dominant negative" of VEGF and is a new candidate for antiangiogenic gene therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tarallo
- Angiogenesis Lab and Stem Cell Fate Lab, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
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13
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Esposito MT, Di Noto R, Mirabelli P, Gorrese M, Parisi S, Montanaro D, Del Vecchio L, Pastore L. Culture conditions allow selection of different mesenchymal progenitors from adult mouse bone marrow. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:2525-36. [PMID: 19298168 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of adult stem cells in tissue engineering approaches will benefit from the establishment of culture conditions that allow the expansion and maintenance of cells with stem cell-like activity and high differentiation potential. In the field of adult stem cells, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are promising candidates. In the present study, we define, for the first time, conditions for optimizing the yields of cultures enriched for specific progenitors of bone marrow. Using four distinct culture conditions, supernatants from culture of bone fragments, marrow stroma cell line MS-5, embryonic fibroblast cell line NIH3T3, and a cocktail of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), we isolated four different sub-populations of murine BMSCs (mBMSCs). These cells express a well-known marker of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (Nanog) and show interesting features in immunophenotype, self-renewal ability, and differentiation potency. In particular, using NIH3T3 conditioned medium, we obtained cells that showed impairment in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation while retaining high adipogenic potential during passages. Our results indicate that the choice of the medium used for isolation and expansion of mBMSCs is important for enriching the culture of desired specific progenitors.
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14
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Savarino L, Baldini N, Greco M, Capitani O, Pinna S, Valentini S, Lombardo B, Esposito MT, Pastore L, Ambrosio L, Battista S, Causa F, Zeppetelli S, Guarino V, Netti PA. The performance of poly-epsilon-caprolactone scaffolds in a rabbit femur model with and without autologous stromal cells and BMP4. Biomaterials 2007; 28:3101-9. [PMID: 17412415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a cellular construct to guide and promote tissue repair strongly relies on three components, namely, cell, scaffold and growth factors. We aimed to investigate the osteopromotive properties of cellular constructs composed of poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) and rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), or BMSCs engineered to express bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). Highly porous biodegradable PCL scaffolds were obtained via phase inversion/salt leaching technique. BMSCs and transfected BMSCs were seeded within the scaffolds by using an alternate flow perfusion system and implanted into non-critical size defects in New Zealand rabbit femurs. In vivo biocompatibility, osteogenic and angiogenic effects induced by the presence of scaffolds were assessed by histology and histomorphometry of the femurs, retrieved 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. PCL without cells showed scarce bone formation at the scaffold-bone interface (29% bone/implant contact and 62% fibrous tissue/implant contact) and scarce PCL resorption (16%). Conversely, PCL seeded with autologous BMSCs stimulated new tissue formation into the macropores of the implant (20%) and neo-tissue vascularization. Finally, the BMP4-expressing BMSCs strongly favoured osteoinductivity of cellular constructs, as demonstrated by a more extensive bone/scaffold contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Savarino
- Laboratory for Pathophysiology of Orthopaedic Implants, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
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Esposito MT, Denis B. [Monitoring of an indwelling bladder catheter - of a patient with prostatic surgery]. Soins 1978; 23:85-91. [PMID: 79223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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