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Peres FF, Diana MC, Levin R, Suiama MA, Almeida V, Vendramini AM, Santos CM, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Crippa JA, Abílio VC. Cannabidiol Administered During Peri-Adolescence Prevents Behavioral Abnormalities in an Animal Model of Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:901. [PMID: 30186164 PMCID: PMC6113576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered a debilitating neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder and its pharmacotherapy remains problematic without recent major advances. The development of interventions able to prevent the emergence of schizophrenia would therefore represent an enormous progress. Here, we investigated whether treatment with cannabidiol (CBD - a compound of Cannabis sativa that presents an antipsychotic profile in animals and humans) during peri-adolescence would prevent schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities in an animal model of schizophrenia: the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) strain. Wistar rats and SHRs were treated with vehicle or CBD from 30 to 60 post-natal days. In experiment 1, schizophrenia-like behaviors (locomotor activity, social interaction, prepulse inhibition of startle and contextual fear conditioning) were assessed on post-natal day 90. Side effects commonly associated with antipsychotic treatment were also evaluated: body weight gain and catalepsy throughout the treatment, and oral dyskinesia 48 h after treatment interruption and on post-natal day 90. In experiment 2, serum levels of triglycerides and glycemia were assessed on post-natal day 61. In experiment 3, levels of BDNF, monoamines, and their metabolites were evaluated on post-natal days 61 and 90 in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. Treatment with CBD prevented the emergence of SHRs' hyperlocomotor activity (a model for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia) and deficits in prepulse inhibition of startle and contextual fear conditioning (cognitive impairments). CBD did not induce any of the potential motor or metabolic side effects evaluated. Treatment with CBD increased the prefrontal cortex 5-HIAA/serotonin ratio and the levels of 5-HIAA on post-natal days 61 and 90, respectively. Our data provide pre-clinical evidence for a safe and beneficial effect of peripubertal and treatment with CBD on preventing positive and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, and suggest the involvement of the serotoninergic system on this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda F Peres
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Diana
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Levin
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayra A Suiama
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana M Vendramini
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila M Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio W Zuardi
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Abílio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Diana MC, Peres FF, Justi V, Bressan RA, Lacerda ALT, Crippa JA, Hallak JEC, Abilio VC. Sodium nitroprusside is effective in preventing and/or reversing the development of schizophrenia-related behaviors in an animal model: The SHR strain. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:624-632. [PMID: 29656549 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The treatment of schizophrenia with antipsychotics is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, the search for new treatments and prevention is crucial, and animal models are fundamental tools for this objective. Preclinical and clinical data evidence the antipsychotic profile of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor. We aimed to investigate SNP in treating and/or preventing the schizophrenia-related behaviors presented by the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) strain. METHODS Wistar rats (WR) and SHRs were submitted to two schemes of treatment: (i) a single injection of SNP or vehicle in adulthood; (ii) a long-term early treatment from 30 to 60 postnatal day with SNP or vehicle. The following behaviors were evaluated 24 hours after the acute treatment or 30 days after the long-term treatment: locomotion, social interaction, and contextual fear conditioning. RESULTS Spontaneously hypertensive rats presented hyperlocomotion, decreased social interaction, and impaired contextual fear conditioning. Single injection of SNP decreased social interaction in both strains and induced a deficit in contextual fear conditioning in WR. Oppositely, early treatment with SNP prevented the behavioral abnormalities in adult SHRs without promoting any effects in WR. CONCLUSION Our preclinical data point to SNP as a preventive and safe strategy with a broad range of effectiveness to the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Diana
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Peres
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Veronica Justi
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- LiNC-Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Acioly L T Lacerda
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,LiNC-Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Crippa
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanesssa Costhek Abilio
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Peres FF, Levin R, Suiama MA, Diana MC, Gouvêa DA, Almeida V, Santos CM, Lungato L, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Crippa JA, Vânia D, Silva RH, Abílio VC. Cannabidiol Prevents Motor and Cognitive Impairments Induced by Reserpine in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:343. [PMID: 27733830 PMCID: PMC5040118 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotomimetic compound from Cannabis sativa that presents antipsychotic, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. In Parkinson's disease patients, CBD is able to attenuate the psychotic symptoms induced by L-DOPA and to improve quality of life. Repeated administration of reserpine in rodents induces motor impairments that are accompanied by cognitive deficits, and has been applied to model both tardive dyskinesia and Parkinson's disease. The present study investigated whether CBD administration would attenuate reserpine-induced motor and cognitive impairments in rats. Male Wistar rats received four injections of CBD (0.5 or 5 mg/kg) or vehicle (days 2-5). On days 3 and 5, animals received also one injection of 1 mg/kg reserpine or vehicle. Locomotor activity, vacuous chewing movements, and catalepsy were assessed from day 1 to day 7. On days 8 and 9, we evaluated animals' performance on the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task, for learning/memory assessment. CBD (0.5 and 5 mg/kg) attenuated the increase in catalepsy behavior and in oral movements - but not the decrease in locomotion - induced by reserpine. CBD (0.5 mg/kg) also ameliorated the reserpine-induced memory deficit in the discriminative avoidance task. Our data show that CBD is able to attenuate motor and cognitive impairments induced by reserpine, suggesting the use of this compound in the pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease and tardive dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda F Peres
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Levin
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayra A Suiama
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Diana
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas A Gouvêa
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Almeida
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila M Santos
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisandro Lungato
- Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine - National Council for Scientific and Technological DevelopmentRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine - National Council for Scientific and Technological DevelopmentRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São PauloRibeirão Preto, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine - National Council for Scientific and Technological DevelopmentRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - D'Almeida Vânia
- Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina H Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Abílio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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Diana MC, Santoro ML, Xavier G, Santos CM, Spindola LN, Moretti PN, Ota VK, Bressan RA, Abilio VC, Belangero SI. Low expression of Gria1 and Grin1 glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:690-4. [PMID: 26296755 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) strain is a classical animal model for the study of essential hypertension. Recently, our group suggested that this strain could be a useful animal model for schizophrenia, which is a severe mental illness with involvement of glutamatergic system. The aim of this study is to investigate glutamatergic receptors (Gria1 and Grin1) and glycine transporter (Glyt1) gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of SHR animals. The effects in gene expression of a chronic treatment with antipsychotic drugs (risperidone, haloperidol and clozapine) were also analyzed. Animals were treated daily for 30 days, and euthanized for brain tissue collection. The expression pattern was evaluated by Real Time Reverse-Transcriptase (RT) PCR technique. In comparison to control rats, SHR animals present a lower expression of both NMDA (Grin1) and AMPA (Gria1) gene receptors in the NAcc. Antipsychotic treatments were not able to change gene expressions in any of the regions evaluated. These findings provide evidence for the role of glutamatergic changes in schizophrenia-like phenotype of the SHR strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Diana
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3º floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 5th floor, CEP 04039032, Brazil
| | - Marcos L Santoro
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1º andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3º floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Xavier
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1º andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Mauricio Santos
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3º floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 5th floor, CEP 04039032, Brazil
| | - Leticia N Spindola
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1º andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3º floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia N Moretti
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1º andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3º floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa K Ota
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1º andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3º floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3º floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Abilio
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3º floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 5th floor, CEP 04039032, Brazil
| | - Sintia I Belangero
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1º andar, CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3º floor, CEP 05039-032 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ottonello G, Villa G, Doglio L, Pedemonte M, Diana MC, Casciaro R, De Alessandri A, Silvestri G. Noninvasive ventilation with positive airway pressure in paediatric intensive care. Minerva Pediatr 2007; 59:85-9. [PMID: 17404557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study is to retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of noninvasive pressure ventilation in the 24-bed Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of the G. Gaslini Institute during a 24-month period. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the characteristics (pH, CO2, SpO2, respiratory rate, oxygen requirement) of patients treated with noninvasive mechanical ventilation for different acute pathologies has been performed. RESULTS Twenty patients (mean age 7.4+/-0.28 years) with acute respiratory failure due to different pathologies were treated with noninvasive mechanical ventilation. They were divided into 2 groups: the hypoxic group, suffering from pulmonary diseases, and the hypercapnic group, presenting a failure of the mechanical strength or increased dead space. Modalities of ventilation were pressure assisted/controlled or pressure support, delivered through nasal or facial masks. Fifteen out of 20 patients presented a marked improvement of oxygenation and ventilation. Mean times of treatment were 69 and 200 h in the hypoxic and hypercapnic groups, respectively. Five patients required intubation. Two patients presented reversible skin lesions over the nasal bridge. CONCLUSIONS Noninvasive ventilation can be used in PICU. Major advantages regard immunocompromised children and patients with exacerbations from chronic respiratory diseases, whereas the exact role of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients affected by acute respiratory distress syndrome is still controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ottonello
- Unit of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, G. Gaslini IRCCS, Genoa, Italy.
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Ruel N, Odelin MF, Jolly J, Momplot C, Diana MC, Bourlet T, Gonthier R, Aymard M, Pozzetto B. [Outbreaks due to respiratory syncytial virus and influenzavirus A/H3N in institutionalized aged. Role of immunological status to influenza vaccine and possible implication of caregivers in the transmission]. Presse Med 2002; 31:349-55. [PMID: 11913077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Report of epidemiological, clinical and virological data collected from the prospective surveillance of febrile episodes observed in aged residents of a long-stay care unit of 33 beds, at the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, during the 1997-1998 winter season. METHODS Systematic collection of clinical and biological data from febrile patients (> or = 38 degrees C) on a form, including virological findings obtained from a nasal swab and paired serum specimens. RESULTS From 38 patients (37 of them having been vaccinated against influenza in October 1997), 18 febrile episodes were recorded in 16 subjects, including 3 respiratory syncytial virus infections and a late-occurring outbreak (March 1998) of influenza due to a A/H3N2 strain (15 cases, 14 of them virologically confirmed). No death was noted after the influenza outbreak. In 8 of the 9 tested patients with influenza, "protective" titres of antibodies directed towards the hemagglutinin of the vaccinal strain were present by radial hemolysis test three months before the beginning of the outbreak. During the influenza outbreak, the attack rate of symptomatic infection was 45.5% in elderly and 47.5% in healthcare workers (mainly unvaccinated). The occurrence of the first cases in the latter suggests their possible role in the transmission of the virus to the aged. CONCLUSION This study underlines the epidemic circulation of multiple respiratory viruses during the same winter season in long-stay care facilities, the occurrence of clinical influenza infections in vaccinated patients exhibiting protective antibody titres and the role of unvaccinated healthcare workers in the propagation of influenza in institutionalised aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ruel
- Service de Gérontologie Clinique, Hôpital de la Charité, CHU de Saint-Etienne, F42055 Saint-Etienne
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Cotellessa M, Minicucci L, Diana MC, Prigione F, Di Febbraro L, Gagliardini R, Manca A, Battistini F, Taccetti G, Magazzù G, Padoan R, Pizzamiglio G, Raia V, Iapichino L, Cardella F, Grinzich G, Lucidi V, Tuccio G, Bignamini E, Salvatore D, Lorini R. Phenotype/genotype correlation and cystic fibrosis related diabetes mellitus (Italian Multicenter Study). J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2000; 13:1087-93. [PMID: 11085186 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2000.13.8.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A genotype/phenotype correlation between early onset cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) and the N1303K mutation of the CF gene was previously identified in a small series of 28 CFRD patients, out of 313 CF patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS In order to confirm the observation, data of 141 CFRD patients out of 1,229 CF patients attending 14 Italian CF centers were collected. All patients were older than 10 years and had been genotyped. RESULTS DeltaF508 was the most frequent mutation (147/282 alleles: 52%) and N1303K the second most frequent mutation (18/282 alleles: 6.3%) in CFRD patients, without significant difference as compared with CF patients without DM (52% vs 48.6% and 6.3% vs 5.1%, respectively). W1282X was the third most frequent mutation in CFRD patients, more frequent than in CF patients without DM (5.3% vs 2%; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Unlike the previous study, we did not find a higher frequency of the N1303K mutation in CFRD patients; moreover, data from this large CF series showed a significant correlation between the W1282X mutation and CFRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cotellessa
- CF Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Genoa, G. Gaslini Institute, Italy
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Rendine S, Calafell F, Cappello N, Gagliardini R, Caramia G, Rigillo N, Silvetti M, Zanda M, Miano A, Battistini F, Marianelli L, Taccetti G, Diana MC, Romano L, Romano C, Giunta A, Padoan R, Pianaroli A, Raia V, De Ritis G, Battistini A, Grzincich G, Japichino L, Pardo F, Piazza A. Genetic history of cystic fibrosis mutations in Italy. I. Regional distribution. Ann Hum Genet 1997; 61:411-24. [PMID: 9459003 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.1997.6150411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Earlier analysis of the Italian population showed patterns of genetic differentiation that were interpreted as being the result of population settlements going back to pre-Roman times. DNA disease mutations may be a powerful tool in further testing this hypothesis since the analysis of diseased individuals can detect variants too rare to be resolved in normal individuals. We present data on the relative frequencies of 60 cystic fibrosis (CF) mutations in Italy and the geographical distribution of the 12 most frequent CF mutations screened in 3492 CF chromosomes originating in 13 Italian regions. The 12 most frequent mutations characterize about 73% of the Italian CF chromosomes. The most common mutation, delta F508, has an average frequency of 51%, followed by N1303K and G542X, both with average frequencies around 5%. Multivariate analyses show that the relative frequencies of CF mutations are heterogeneous among Italian regions, and that this heterogeneity is weakly correlated with the geographical pattern of non-DNA 'classical' genetic markers. The northern regions are well differentiated from the central-southern regions and within the former group the western and eastern regions are remarkably distinct. Moreover, Sardinia shows the presence of mutation T338I, which seems absent in any other European CF chromosome. The north-western regions of Italy, characterized by the mutation 1717-1G-->A, were under Celtic influence, while the north-east regions, characterized by the mutations R1162X, 2183AA-->G and 711 + 5G-->A, were under the influence of the Venetic culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rendine
- Dipartimento di Genetica, Biologia e Biochimica, Centro CNR-CIOS, Torino
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Dubos G, Gonthier R, Simeone I, Camus V, Schwed P, Cadec B, Diana MC, Burtin B, Melac M. [Confusion syndromes in hospitalized aged patients: polymorphism of symptoms and course. Prospective study of 183 patients]. Rev Med Interne 1996; 17:979-86. [PMID: 9008745 DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(97)80841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Using explicit criteria contained in the DSM III R, we collected in a prospective cohort study clinical features, outcome and risk factors from two cohorts of delirium in hospitalized elderly patients: 138 hospitalized in geriatric department and 45 patients admitted to an acute and comprehensive care hospital. The clinical features were assessed using a quantitative scale (developed by Derouesné). Delirium was unrecognized or misdiagnosed by physicians in 34% of the cases. The onset was known only two thirds of cases. The incidence of hyperactive type, prolonged hospital stay, poor outcomes (persistent delirium leading up to dementia) were highest in subjects admitted in comprehensive hospital. The etiology of delirium is complex and multifactorial. An underlying cause was identified in 80% of patients. The length or the worsening of delirium was significantly higher in patients with psychiatric or dementia comorbidity (OR: 0.2; IC 95%: 0.1-0.5). The prognosis was better in patients without psychoactive medications (OR: 0.2; IC 95%: 0.1-0.4) or with metabolic abnormalities or acute diseases and disorders (OR: 3.3; IC 95%: 1.5-7.6). The predisposing factors to the development of dementia were prior use of psychoactive medications and signs of prior cognitive impairment. This article suggests delirium in elderly patients is associated with several outcomes. The prognosis should be improved at admission by specific scale and an evaluation of predisposing and precipitating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dubos
- Service de gériatrie, pavillon Chissé, CHU, Grenoble, France
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