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Leventić M, Opačak-Bernardi T, Rastija V, Matić J, Pavlović Saftić D, Ban Ž, Žinić B, Glavaš-Obrovac L. The Mechanism of Anti-Tumor Activity of 6-Morpholino- and 6-Amino-9-Sulfonylpurine Derivatives on Human Leukemia Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:6136. [PMID: 37630388 PMCID: PMC10458232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of antitumor effect of (E)-6-morpholino-9-(styrylsulfonyl)-9H-purine (6-Morpholino-SPD) and (E)-6-amino-9-(styrylsulfonyl)-9H-purine (6-Amino-SPD). The effects on apoptosis induction, mitochondrial potential, and accumulation of ROS in treated K562 cells were determined by flow cytometry. The RT-PCR method was used to measure the expression of Akt, CA IX, caspase 3, and cytochrome c genes, as well as selected miRNAs. Western blot analysis was used to determine the expression of Akt, cytochrome c, and caspase 3. The results demonstrate the potential of the tested derivatives as effective antitumor agents with apoptotic-inducing properties. In leukemic cells treated with 6-Amino-SPD, increased expression of caspase 3 and cytochrome c genes was observed, indicating involvement of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway in the induction of apoptosis. Conversely, leukemic cells treated with 6-Morpholino-SPD showed reduced expression of these genes. The observed downregulation of miR-21 by 6-Morpholino-SPD may contribute to the induction of apoptosis and disruption of mitochondrial function. In addition, both derivatives exhibited increased expression of Akt and CA IX genes, suggesting activation of the Akt/HIF pathway. However, the exact mechanism and its relations to the observed overexpression of miR-210 need further investigation. The acceptable absorption and distribution properties predicted by ADMET analysis suggest favorable pharmacokinetic properties for these derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Leventić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Huttlerova 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.L.); (T.O.-B.)
| | - Teuta Opačak-Bernardi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Huttlerova 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.L.); (T.O.-B.)
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Josipa Matić
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.M.); (D.P.S.); (Ž.B.); (B.Ž.)
| | - Dijana Pavlović Saftić
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.M.); (D.P.S.); (Ž.B.); (B.Ž.)
| | - Željka Ban
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.M.); (D.P.S.); (Ž.B.); (B.Ž.)
| | - Biserka Žinić
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.M.); (D.P.S.); (Ž.B.); (B.Ž.)
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Huttlerova 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.L.); (T.O.-B.)
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Krstulović L, Leventić M, Rastija V, Starčević K, Jirouš M, Janić I, Karnaš M, Lasić K, Bajić M, Glavaš-Obrovac L. Novel 7-Chloro-4-aminoquinoline-benzimidazole Hybrids as Inhibitors of Cancer Cells Growth: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity, in Silico ADME Predictions, and Docking. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020540. [PMID: 36677600 PMCID: PMC9866588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, new 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline-benzimidazole compounds were synthesized and characterized by NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. These novel hybrids differ in the type of linker and in the substituent on the benzimidazole moiety. Their antiproliferative activities were evaluated on one non-tumor (MDCK1) and seven selected tumor (CaCo-2, MCF-7, CCRF-CEM, Hut78, THP-1, and Raji) cell lines by MTT test and flow cytometry analysis. The compounds with different types of linkers and an unsubstituted benzimidazole ring, 5d, 8d, and 12d, showed strong cytotoxic activity (the GI50 ranged from 0.4 to 8 µM) and effectively suppressed the cell cycle progression in the leukemia and lymphoma cells. After 24 h of treatment, compounds 5d and 12d induced the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as apoptosis in HuT78 cells. The drug-like properties and bioavailability of the compounds were calculated using the Swiss ADME web tool, and a molecular docking study was performed on tyrosine-protein kinase c-Src (PDB: 3G6H). Compound 12d showed good solubility and permeability and bound to c-Src with an energy of -119.99 kcal/mol, forming hydrogen bonds with Glu310 and Asp404 in the active site and other residues with van der Waals interactions. The results suggest that compound 12d could be a leading compound in the further design of effective antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Krstulović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (L.G.-O.)
| | - Marijana Leventić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Starčević
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jirouš
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Janić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maja Karnaš
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kornelija Lasić
- R&D, Pliva Croatia Ltd., TEVA Group Member, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Bajić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (L.G.-O.)
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Rep Kaulić V, Racané L, Leventić M, Šubarić D, Rastija V, Glavaš-Obrovac L, Raić-Malić S. Synthesis, Antiproliferative Evaluation and QSAR Analysis of Novel Halogen- and Amidino-Substituted Benzothiazoles and Benzimidazoles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415843. [PMID: 36555479 PMCID: PMC9785280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntheses of 6-halogen-substituted benzothiazoles were performed by condensation of 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes and 2-aminotiophenoles and subsequent O-alkylation with appropriate halides, whereas 6-amidino-substituted benzothiazoles were synthesized by condensation of 5-amidino-2-aminothiophenoles and corresponding benzaldehydes. While most of the compounds from non-substituted and halogen-substituted benzothiazole series showed marginal antiproliferative activity on tested tumor cell lines, amidino benzazoles exhibited stronger inhibitory activity. Generally, imidazolyl benzothiazoles showed pronounced and nonselective activity, with the exception of 36c which had a strong inhibitory effect on HuT78 cells (IC50 = 1.6 µM) without adverse cytotoxicity on normal BJ cells (IC50 >100 µM). Compared to benzothiazoles, benzimidazole structural analogs 45a−45c and 46c containing the 1,2,3-triazole ring exhibited pronounced and selective antiproliferative activity against HuT78 cells with IC50 < 10 µM. Moreover, compounds 45c and 46c containing the methoxy group at the phenoxy unit were not toxic to normal BJ cells. Of all the tested compounds, benzimidazole 45a with the unsubstituted phenoxy central core showed the most pronounced cell growth inhibition on THP1 cells in the nanomolar range (IC50 = 0.8 µM; SI = 70). QSAR models of antiproliferative activity for benzazoles on T-cell lymphoma (HuT78) and non-tumor MDCK-1 cells elucidated the effects of the substituents at position 6 of benzazoles, demonstrating their dependence on the topological and spatial distribution of atomic mass, polarizability, and van der Waals volumes. A notable cell cycle perturbation with higher accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase, and a significant cell increase in subG0/G1 phase were found in HuT78 cells treated with 36c, 42c, 45a−45c and 46c. Apoptotic morphological changes, an externalization of phosphatidylserine, and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential of treated cells were observed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rep Kaulić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livio Racané
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 28, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Leventić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Šubarić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.G.-O.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.G.-O.); (S.R.-M.)
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Arapović J, Skočibusić S, Jelavić B, Ivanković HB, Jurić M, Mamić D, Grgić S, Lesko J, Leventić M, Soldo I, Ravlija J, Nikolić J. Two cases of human cutaneous anthrax in Bosnia and Herzegovina, September 2014. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:2-4. [PMID: 25719961 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.7.21039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two cases of human cutaneous anthrax were reported in September 2014 in south-western Bosnia and Herzegovina. The two men were involved in slaughtering a cow and handled its Bacillus anthracis-infected meat. Anthrax has been sporadically observed in livestock in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but no confirmed human cases had been reported in the country in the last two decades. Clinicians in the country should be aware that anthrax may occur in humans, arising from exposure to infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Arapović
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Jelavic B, Majstorovic Z, Kordić M, Leventić M, Grgić MV, Baudoin T. Idiopathic epistaxis and meteorological factors: case-control study. B-ENT 2015; 11:267-273. [PMID: 26891538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the occurrence of idiopathic epistaxis and daily values of air pressure, temperature, and humidity. We also investigated whether biometeorological forecasts should be addressed to persons with a history of nosebleed diathesis. METHODS We analyzed consecutive idiopathic epistaxis events over a 3-year period. Patients were included if they had been in the municipality of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina at least 24 hours before the epistaxis occurrence. The monthly variation in epistaxis events was determined. Epistaxis days (Days "0", 0 = day with epistaxis occurrence) and selected nonepistaxis days (Days "-1", -1 = each first single day without epistaxis prior to Day 0) were compared according to daily values of mean, minimum, and maximum temperature; diurnal temperature range; minimum and maximum atmospheric pressure; diurnal pressure range; and mean relative humidity. RESULTS The greatest and smallest percentage of epistaxis events occurred in the months of March and August, respectively. There were no significant differences between Days 0 and Days -1 with respect to the examined meteorological factors. CONCLUSION In this region with a Mediterranean climate, we found a seasonal variation with an incidence peak during the spring transition months, but we did not identify any meteorological trigger factors for epistaxis. Thus, there is no need for biometeorological forecasts to be addressed to persons with a history of nosebleed diathesis.
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