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Escolà-Rodríguez A, Parra-Robert M, Carrasco-Gómez D, Escartín-Díez T, Fabregat-Bolufer AB. Diagnosis of cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2023; 61:709-710. [PMID: 37754320 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2023.2259090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Escolà-Rodríguez
- Pharmacy Service, Division of Medicines, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Parra-Robert
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Aleix B Fabregat-Bolufer
- CORE Laboratory, Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Moreno-Lanceta A, Medrano-Bosch M, Fundora Y, Perramón M, Aspas J, Parra-Robert M, Baena S, Fondevila C, Edelman ER, Jiménez W, Melgar-Lesmes P. RNF41 orchestrates macrophage-driven fibrosis resolution and hepatic regeneration. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq6225. [PMID: 37437019 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq6225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic inflammation is a common trigger of chronic liver disease. Macrophage activation is a predictive parameter for survival in patients with cirrhosis. Ring finger protein 41 (RNF41) negatively regulates proinflammatory cytokines and receptors; however, the precise involvement of macrophage RNF41 in liver cirrhosis remains unknown. Here, we sought to understand how RNF41 dictates macrophage fate in hepatic fibrosis and repair within the inflammatory milieu. We found that RNF41 expression is down-regulated in CD11b+ macrophages recruited to mouse fibrotic liver and to patient cirrhotic liver regardless of cirrhosis etiology. Prolonged inflammation with TNF-α progressively reduced macrophage RNF41 expression. We designed a macrophage-selective gene therapy with dendrimer-graphite nanoparticles (DGNPs) to explore the influence of macrophage RNF41 restoration and depletion in liver fibrosis and regeneration. RNF41 expression induced in CD11b+ macrophages by DGNP-conjugated plasmids ameliorated liver fibrosis, reduced liver injury, and stimulated hepatic regeneration in fibrotic mice with or without hepatectomy. This therapeutic effect was mainly mediated by the induction of insulin-like growth factor 1. Conversely, depletion of macrophage RNF41 worsened inflammation, fibrosis, hepatic damage, and survival. Our data reveal implications of macrophage RNF41 in the control of hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and regeneration and provide a rationale for therapeutic strategies in chronic liver disease and potentially other diseases characterized by inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alazne Moreno-Lanceta
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Mireia Medrano-Bosch
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Yilliam Fundora
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Liver Transplant Unit, Institut Clínic de Malalties Digestives I Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Meritxell Perramón
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Jessica Aspas
- Liver Transplant Unit, Institut Clínic de Malalties Digestives I Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Marina Parra-Robert
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Sheila Baena
- Liver Transplant Unit, Institut Clínic de Malalties Digestives I Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Constantino Fondevila
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Liver Transplant Unit, Institut Clínic de Malalties Digestives I Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Elazer R Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Parra-Robert M, Zeng M, Shu Y, Fernández-Varo G, Perramón M, Desai D, Chen J, Guo D, Zhang X, Morales-Ruiz M, Rosenholm JM, Jiménez W, Puntes V, Casals E, Casals G. Mesoporous silica coated CeO 2 nanozymes with combined lipid-lowering and antioxidant activity induce long-term improvement of the metabolic profile in obese Zucker rats. Nanoscale 2021; 13:8452-8466. [PMID: 33984104 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00790d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most important public health problems that is associated with an array of metabolic disorders linked to cardiovascular disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. A sustained therapeutic approach to stop the escalating prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic comorbidities remains elusive. Herein, we developed a novel nanocomposite based on mesoporous silica coated cerium oxide (CeO2) nanozymes that reduce the circulating levels of fatty acids and remarkably improve the metabolic phenotype in a model of obese Zucker rats five weeks after its administration. Lipidomic and gene expression analyses showed an amelioration of the hyperlipidemia and of the hepatic and adipose metabolic dysregulations, which was associated with a down-regulation of the hepatic PI3K/mTOR/AKT pathway and a reduction of the M1 proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. In addition, the coating of the CeO2 maximized its cell antioxidant protective effects and minimized non-hepatic biodistribution. The one-pot synthesis method for the nanocomposite fabrication is implemented entirely in aqueous solution, room temperature and open atmosphere conditions, favoring scalability and offering a safe and translatable lipid-lowering and antioxidant nanomedicine to treat metabolic comorbidities associated with obesity. This approach may be further applied to address other metabolic disorders related to hyperlipidemia, low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Parra-Robert
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Wijngaard R, Perramón M, Parra-Robert M, Hidalgo S, Butrico G, Morales-Ruiz M, Zeng M, Casals E, Jiménez W, Fernández-Varo G, Shulman GI, Cline GW, Casals G. Validation of a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Measurement of the Redox State Metabolic Ratios Lactate/Pyruvate and β-Hydroxybutyrate/Acetoacetate in Biological Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4752. [PMID: 33946157 PMCID: PMC8125771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic ratios lactate/pyruvate and β-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate are considered valuable tools to evaluate the in vivo redox cellular state by estimating the free NAD+/NADH in cytoplasm and mitochondria, respectively. The aim of the current study was to validate a gas-chromatography mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of the four metabolites in plasma and liver tissue. The procedure included an o-phenylenediamine microwave-assisted derivatization, followed by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and silylation with bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide:trimethylchlorosilane 99:1. The calibration curves presented acceptable linearity, with a limit of quantification of 0.001 mM for pyruvate, β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate and of 0.01 mM for lactate. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision were within the European Medicines Agency's Guideline specifications. No significant differences were observed in the slope coefficient of three-point standard metabolite-spiked curves in plasma or liver and water, and acceptable recoveries were obtained in the metabolite-spiked samples. Applicability of the method was tested in precision-cut liver rat slices and also in HepG2 cells incubated under different experimental conditions challenging the redox state. In conclusion, the validated method presented good sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility in the quantification of lactate/pyruvate and β-hydroxybutyrate/acetate metabolites and may be useful in the evaluation of in vivo redox states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Wijngaard
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Carrer de Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.P.); (M.P.-R.); (S.H.); (M.M.-R.); (W.J.)
| | - Meritxell Perramón
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Carrer de Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.P.); (M.P.-R.); (S.H.); (M.M.-R.); (W.J.)
| | - Marina Parra-Robert
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Carrer de Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.P.); (M.P.-R.); (S.H.); (M.M.-R.); (W.J.)
| | - Susana Hidalgo
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Carrer de Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.P.); (M.P.-R.); (S.H.); (M.M.-R.); (W.J.)
| | - Gina Butrico
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (G.B.); (G.I.S.); (G.W.C.)
| | - Manuel Morales-Ruiz
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Carrer de Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.P.); (M.P.-R.); (S.H.); (M.M.-R.); (W.J.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Working Group for the Biochemical Assessment of Hepatic Disease-SEQCML, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Muling Zeng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 99 Yingbing Middle Rd., Jiangmen 529020, China; (M.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - Eudald Casals
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, 99 Yingbing Middle Rd., Jiangmen 529020, China; (M.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Carrer de Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.P.); (M.P.-R.); (S.H.); (M.M.-R.); (W.J.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Varo
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Carrer de Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.P.); (M.P.-R.); (S.H.); (M.M.-R.); (W.J.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerald I. Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (G.B.); (G.I.S.); (G.W.C.)
| | - Gary W. Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (G.B.); (G.I.S.); (G.W.C.)
| | - Gregori Casals
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Carrer de Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.P.); (M.P.-R.); (S.H.); (M.M.-R.); (W.J.)
- Working Group for the Biochemical Assessment of Hepatic Disease-SEQCML, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Wijngaard R, Parra-Robert M, Marés L, Escalante A, Salgado E, González-de-la-Presa B, To-Figueras J, Brunet M. Tetracaine from urethral ointment causes false positive amphetamine results by immunoassay. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2020; 59:500-505. [PMID: 33112680 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2020.1834114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amphetamine urine drug screening by immunoassay is prone to cross-react with other compounds leading to false positive results. Tetracaine is a local anesthetic drug used in the clinical setting as an ointment during urinary catheterization. In our laboratory, tetracaine is often detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the urine of patients admitted in the emergency department with false positive amphetamine results. The objectives of this study were to investigate if there was cross-reactivity to tetracaine in an amphetamine immunoassay and to retrospectively evaluate the potential contribution of tetracaine to false positive amphetamine results. METHODS An interference study was conducted using negative urine samples spiked with increasing concentrations of tetracaine hydrochloride and analyzed with the CEDIA Amphetamine/Ecstasy immunoassay. Retrospectively, urine samples of patients which yielded positive amphetamine immunoassay results and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were reviewed (n = 417). The presence of tetracaine and/or other drugs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were gathered. RESULTS Tetracaine caused false positive amphetamine results by immunoassay (cut-off 1000 µg/L) with a concentration of above 40 mg/L. Retrospective analysis of all positive amphetamine immunoassay samples showed that in 45 out of the 417 (10.8%) urine samples no amphetamine-like derivative was identified by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. In 37 out of 45 (82.2%) of these false positive cases tetracaine was detected, of whom 59.5% (22/37) had an estimated tetracaine concentration of ≥40 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the interference of tetracaine in the CEDIA Amphetamine/Ecstasy immunoassay and that tetracaine may have contributed to around 80% of the false positive amphetamine cases in the urine samples of patients admitted to the emergency department at our institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Wijngaard
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Parra-Robert
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Marés
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Escalante
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Salgado
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, Emergency Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernardino González-de-la-Presa
- CORE Laboratory, Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi To-Figueras
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Brunet
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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González-de-la-Presa B, Fernández-Bonifacio R, Fernández-Galán E, Mares L, Muñoz R, Parra-Robert M, To-Figueras J. Evaluation of an immunoassay procedure to measure 6-monoacetylmorphine. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:450-453. [PMID: 32375552 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1760985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: 6-Monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) is a specific metabolite of heroin. Thus, the presence of 6-MAM in urine is a definitive indication of heroin intake. The possibility of having an immunoassay procedure to measure 6-MAM would be a diagnosis tool to discriminate, among opiates-positive, those patients who have consumed heroin and those who have not.Methods: EMIT® II Plus 6-Acetylmorphine Assay was used to measure 6-MAM in urine. The positive opiate screening results were confirmed at the Toxicology laboratory of our hospital by GC-MS.Results: This study includes 63 urine samples from subjects admitted to emergency department with suspicion of opiate consumption. Specificity was evaluated in the two groups of samples studied. In the first group all samples which resulted negative by opiate immunoassay (n = 33) were negative for 6-MAM immunoassay test. Thus, the specificity obtained for 6-MAM immunoassay in this group was 100%. Regarding the second specificity study, performed in positive samples by opiate immunoassay which were negative to 6 MAM by GC-MS, the specificity decreased down to 75%. In the study of sensitivity all samples confirmed as positive to 6-MAM by confirmatory method (GC-MS) resulted positive by the screening method, thus sensitivity obtained was 100%.Discussion: In this study no FN for 6-MAM was observed and therefore the new Emit® II Plus 6- Acetylmorphine Assay procedure has a high NPV, thus a negative result with 6-MAM immunoassay practically excludes heroine consume. The positive results to 6-MAM by immunoassay should be confirmed by a more analytically specific method, such as GCMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Fernández-Bonifacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics & Core Lab (CDB), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Fernández-Galán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics & Core Lab (CDB), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics & Core Lab (CDB), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics & Core Lab (CDB), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Parra-Robert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics & Core Lab (CDB), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi To-Figueras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics & Core Lab (CDB), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Casals E, Zeng M, Parra-Robert M, Fernández-Varo G, Morales-Ruiz M, Jiménez W, Puntes V, Casals G. Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Advances in Biodistribution, Toxicity, and Preclinical Exploration. Small 2020; 16:e1907322. [PMID: 32329572 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant nanoparticles have recently gained tremendous attention for their enormous potential in biomedicine. However, discrepant reports of either medical benefits or toxicity, and lack of reproducibility of many studies, generate uncertainties delaying their effective implementation. Herein, the case of cerium oxide is considered, a well-known catalyst in the petrochemistry industry and one of the first antioxidant nanoparticles proposed for medicine. Like other nanoparticles, it is now described as a promising therapeutic alternative, now as threatening to health. Sources of these discrepancies and how this analysis helps to overcome contradictions found for other nanoparticles are summarized and discussed. For the context of this analysis, what has been reported in the liver is reviewed, where many diseases are related to oxidative stress. Since well-dispersed nanoparticles passively accumulate in liver, it represents a major testing field for the study of new nanomedicines and their clinical translation. Even more, many contradictory works have reported in liver either cerium-oxide-associated toxicity or protection against oxidative stress and inflammation. Based on this, finally, the intention is to propose solutions to design improved nanoparticles that will work more precisely in medicine and safely in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eudald Casals
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Muling Zeng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Marina Parra-Robert
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Varo
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Departament of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Manuel Morales-Ruiz
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Departament of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Working Group for the Biochemical Assessment of Hepatic Disease-SEQC ML, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Departament of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Víctor Puntes
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Gregori Casals
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Working Group for the Biochemical Assessment of Hepatic Disease-SEQC ML, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
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Fernández-Galán E, Fernández-Bonifacio R, Molina R, Rico M, Mellado B, Fusté B, Parra-Robert M, Augé J, Filella X. HE4 in therapy monitoring of advanced ovarian cancer: Comparison with CA 125. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Parra-Robert M, Varo GF, Casals E, Cano C, Ruiz MM, Puntes V, Jiménez W, Casals G. Cerium oxide nanoparticles are lipid-lowering agents in Obese Zucker rats. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gundín-Menéndez S, Santos VM, Parra-Robert M, Pla XF, Fradera JMA, Porto RM. Serum CA 19.9 Levels in Patients With Benign and Malignant Disease: Correlation With the Serum Protein Electrophoretic Pattern. Anticancer Res 2019; 39:1079-1083. [PMID: 30711998 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIM To confirm that the carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA 19.9) protein can be evaluated by determining changes in the β2 zone in protein electrophoresis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 75 patients (64 with cancer, 11 with benign diseases) with abnormal serum CA 19.9 level were included. RESULTS Patients with cancer had significantly higher serum CA 19.9 concentrations than those with benign diseases (p<0.001). Similar CA 19.9 levels were observed in patients with normal (median 1129 U/ml), weakly positive (median 699 U/ml) and positive (2333 U/ml) β2 fraction in protein electrophoresis. In contrast, changes in the protein pattern of the β2 fraction were related to an inflammatory pattern with significantly higher C-reactive protein concentration (p<0.0001), independently of serum CA 19.9 level. CONCLUSION The intensity of the β2 fraction in protein electrophoresis is related to inflammation and not to CA 19.9 in patients with cancer or other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gundín-Menéndez
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Marina Parra-Robert
- Laboratory of Bicohemistry and Genetics, Hospital Clinic, August Pí i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Filella Pla
- Laboratory of Bicohemistry and Genetics, Hospital Clinic, August Pí i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Auge Fradera
- Laboratory of Bicohemistry and Genetics, Hospital Clinic, August Pí i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Molina Porto
- Laboratory of Bicohemistry and Genetics, Hospital Clinic, August Pí i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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Parra-Robert M, Santos VM, Canis SM, Pla XF, Fradera JMA, Porto RM. Relationship Between CA 19.9 and the Lewis Phenotype: Options to Improve Diagnostic Efficiency. Anticancer Res 2018; 38:5883-5888. [PMID: 30275214 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Approximately 10% of patients are unable to synthesize CA 19.9 (Lewis-negative), and these results are erroneously considered false-negatives. The aim of this study was to confirm that CA 19.9 cannot be detected by immunoassays in Lewis-negative patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS CA 19.9 levels were measured by immunological assays and Lewis phenotype was determined by the haemagglutination reaction. RESULTS Patients with Lewis phenotype (a+b-) or (a-b+) had significantly higher CA 19.9 levels than Lewis-negative patients with active cancer (p<0.001), no-evidence of disease (NED) patients (p<0.001) or patients with benign disease (p<0.001). Ninenty-four percent of patients (33/35) with undetectable CA 19.9 had a Lewis-negative phenotype. Additionally, 94.7% (34/36) of patients with Lewis-negative phenotypes had undetectable CA 19.9 serum levels. CONCLUSION Patients with undetectable CA 19.9 serum levels tend to be Lewis-negative, and CA 19.9 is not useful in diagnosis or follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Parra-Robert
- Oncobiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Xavier Filella Pla
- Oncobiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Augé Fradera
- Oncobiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Molina Porto
- Oncobiology Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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Melgar-Lesmes P, Luquero A, Parra-Robert M, Mora A, Ribera J, Edelman ER, Jiménez W. Graphene-Dendrimer Nanostars for Targeted Macrophage Overexpression of Metalloproteinase 9 and Hepatic Fibrosis Precision Therapy. Nano Lett 2018; 18:5839-5845. [PMID: 30096241 PMCID: PMC6377857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis contributes to ∼45% of all deaths in industrialized nations, but no direct antifibrotic therapeutic interventions exist to date. Graphene-based nanomaterials exhibit excellent versatility in electronics, and emerging trends exploit their properties for biomedical applications, especially for drug and gene delivery. We designed constructs of graphene nanostars linked to PAMAM-G5 dendrimer for the selective targeting and delivery of a plasmid expressing the collagenase metalloproteinase 9 under the CD11b promoter into inflammatory macrophages in cirrhotic livers. Graphene nanostars preferentially accumulated in inflammatory macrophages M1 in less than 3 h in a manner unaffected by covalent linkage to dendrimers. Dendrimer-graphene nanostars efficiently delivered the plasmid encoding for metalloproteinase 9 into macrophages, allowing the synthesis and secretion of the metalloproteinase to digest adjacent collagen fibers. In turn, metalloproteinase 9 overexpression promoted the macrophage switch from inflammatory M1 to pro-regenerative M2 in 3 days. This targeted gene therapy reduced selectively and locally the presence of collagen fibers in fibrotic tracts where inflammatory macrophages accumulated in cirrhotic mice without affecting the activation state of hepatic stellate cells. Overall, this treatment significantly reduced hepatic injury and improved liver restoration in mice with liver cirrhosis treated for 10 days. Graphene-dendrimer nanostars targeted the macrophage overexpression of metalloproteinase 9, selectively reducing hepatic fibrosis, and might be a good treatment for diseases associated with fibrosis and inflammatory macrophage accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 143 Casanova, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, 149 Rosselló, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aureli Luquero
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 143 Casanova, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Parra-Robert
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Mora
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 143 Casanova, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ribera
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elazer R. Edelman
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 143 Casanova, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Fernández-Galán E, Massana N, Parra-Robert M, Hidalgo S, Casals G, Esteve J, Jiménez W. Validation of a routine gas chromatography mass spectrometry method for 2-hydroxyglutarate quantification in human serum as a screening tool for detection of idh mutations. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018. [PMID: 29522955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
High circulating levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) have been reported in patients with determinate isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutated tumors. Recent studies indicate that in malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), measurements of 2HG in serum provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information and improve patient selection and monitoring of IDH-targeted treatments. In the current study, we validated a sensitive and specific gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method specifically intended to quantify serum levels of 2HG in routine clinical laboratories. Extraction was liquid-liquid with ethyl acetate, and derivatization was reduced to 3 min of microwave irradiation. The analytical method was linear over a wide dynamic range, presenting acceptable intraday and day-to-day precision and accuracy. The limit of quantification was 10 ng/mL, process efficiency ranged between 38% and 49%, and recovery of added 2HG was 99-105%. 2HG was found to be stable in serum for up to 48 h at both 4 °C and at ambient temperature, and after three freeze-thaw cycles. Microwave derivatizated extracts in the autosampler were found to be stable for up to 120 h. In summary, the present method is useful for quantification of 2HG serum levels in patients with IDH mutated malignancies in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Fernández-Galán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clinic Universitari, c/ Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Massana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clinic Universitari, c/ Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Parra-Robert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clinic Universitari, c/ Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Hidalgo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clinic Universitari, c/ Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregori Casals
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clinic Universitari, c/ Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas CIBERehd, Spain.
| | - Jordi Esteve
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Reseaerch Institute, c/ Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clinic Universitari, c/ Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas CIBERehd, Spain; Department Biomedicina, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Parra-Robert M, Orois A, Augé JM, Halperin I, Filella X, Molina R. Utility of proGRP as a tumor marker in the medullary thyroid carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 55:441-446. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor caused by a malignant transformation in the parafollicular C-cells of the thyroid, where calcitonin (CT) is released. Nowadays the main tumor markers (TM) used in the diagnosis and follow-up of MTC patients are CT and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Nonetheless, progastrin releasing peptide (proGRP) has been recently proposed as a TM useful in the MTC. Our aims were to investigate the release of proGRP in thyroid tumors, its role in the assessment of advanced MTC and its utility in the differential diagnosis between MTC and non-MTC thyroid tumors.Methods:Serum samples from 22 patients with MTC and 16 with non-MTC were collected. Patients were classified into advanced cancer or no evidence of disease (NED). ProGRP was performed by Architect (Abbot Diagnostics), CT by Liaison (Diasorin) and CEA by Cobas E601(Roche Diagnostics).Results:ProGRP median concentration in advanced MTC was significantly higher (1398.4 pg/mL) when compared with non-MTC, either in advanced disease (24.9 pg/mL) or NED (14.6 pg/mL). In non-MTC patients, proGRP median concentration was below its cutoff level (50 pg/mL). Similar to CT, proGRP was able to detect 88.9% of MTC patients, but with a slightly lower specificity of 76.9%. Using proGRP together with CT the sensitivity increased to 100%.Conclusions:The low prevalence of this malignancy strongly recommends further collaborative studies, mainly focused on monitoring proGRP during tyrosine kinase inhibitors treatment for early detection of resistance and assessing its usefulness to avoid the observed false positive fluctuations that occur with CT and CEA.
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