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Landman W, Bogaerts S, Spreen M. Typicality of Level Change (TLC) as an Additional Effect Measure to NAP and Tau-U in Single Case Research. Behav Modif 2024; 48:51-74. [PMID: 37650389 DOI: 10.1177/01454455231190741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Single case research is a viable way to obtain evidence for social and psychological interventions on an individual level. Across single case research studies various analysis strategies are employed, varying from visual analysis to the calculation of effect sizes. To calculate effect sizes in studies with few measurements per time period (<40 data points with a minimum of five data points in each phase), non-parametric indices such as Nonoverlap of All Pairs (NAP) and Tau-U are recommended. However, both indices have restrictions. This article discusses the restrictions of NAP and Tau-U and presents the description, calculation, and benefits of an additional effect size, called the Typicality of Level Change (TLC) index. In comparison to NAP and Tau-U, the TLC index is more aligned to visual analysis, not restricted by a ceiling effect, and does not overcompensate for problematic trends in data. The TLC index is also sensitive to the typicality of an effect. TLC is an important addition to ease the restrictions of current nonoverlap methods when comparing effect sizes between cases and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Landman
- NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marinus Spreen
- NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Landman W, Bogaerts S, Spreen M. How to Evaluate a Tailor-made Social Work Intervention? Some Practice-Based Solutions with Single-Case Designs. J Evid Based Soc Work (2019) 2023; 20:595-622. [PMID: 37461304 DOI: 10.1080/26408066.2023.2192709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the increased attention to the principles of evidence-based practice (EBP), social workers are challenged to adapt their daily interventions accordingly when treating clients. They usually work with individual clients, all with their own specificities. Single-Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs) can be used to inform a social worker about the effectiveness of an intervention at the individual client level. In everyday social work practice, however, it is difficult to meet methodological requirements of SCEDs to find causal explanations. A concern is that repeated measurements prior to an intervention are required in most situations. This study aims to provide researchers with alternatives to repeated measurement when using the logic of SCED to apply EBP in their everyday practice. METHODS In this study, we reviewed published single-case designs between January 1 and December 31, 2019, on types of SCEDs in the social domain, and how is dealt with baseline conditions. RESULTS SCEDs and quasi-experimental alternatives are hardly published in situations when baseline data are not available. Four underused quasi-experimental strategies that can be employed when repeated measurement during baseline is not possible are as follows: retrospective baselines, theoretical inference, multiraters, and triangulation with qualitative data. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The suggestions to work with single-case designs with quasi-experimental elements are meant to enable social workers to evaluate their interventions in a way that enhances mere narrative evaluations of the experiences of an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Landman
- Academy of Social Studies, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Bogaerts
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Academy of Research Innovation and Development, Fivoor, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus Spreen
- Academy of Social Studies, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Schuringa E, Spreen M, Bogaerts S. Treatment Evaluation in Forensic Psychiatry. Which One Should Be Used: The Clinical Judgment or the Instrument-based Assessment of Change? Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2022; 66:1821-1836. [PMID: 34114499 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x211023921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In forensic psychiatry, it is common practice to use an unstructured clinical judgment for treatment evaluation. From risk assessment studies, it is known that the unstructured clinical judgment is unreliable and the use of instruments is recommended. This paper aims to explore the clinical judgment of change compared to the calculated change using the Instrument for Forensic Treatment Evaluation (IFTE) in relation to changes in inpatient violence This study shows that the clinical judgment is much more positive about patient's behavioral changes than the calculated change. And that the calculated change is more in accordance with the change in the occurrence of inpatient violence, suggesting that the calculated change reflects reality closer than the unstructured clinical judgment. Therefore, it is advisable to use the IFTE as a base to make a structured professional judgment of the treatment evaluation of a forensic psychiatric patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marinus Spreen
- NHLStenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Bogaerts
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
- Fivoor Research & Treatment Innovation, Poortugaal, The Netherlands
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Bosgraaf L, Spreen M, Pattiselanno K, van Hooren S. Measurement and development of art therapeutic actions in the treatment of children and adolescents with psychosocial problems. International Journal of Art Therapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17454832.2022.2127815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Bosgraaf
- Faculty of Healthcare and Social Work, NHLStenden, University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
- Alliade, Care Group, Heerenveen, Netherlands
- KenVaK, Research Centre for Arts Therapies, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Marinus Spreen
- Faculty of Healthcare and Social Work, NHLStenden, University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Kim Pattiselanno
- Faculty of Healthcare and Social Work, NHLStenden, University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Susan van Hooren
- KenVaK, Research Centre for Arts Therapies, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Zuyd, Faculty of Healthcare, University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, Netherlands
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Pater M, Spreen M, Yperen TV. Music therapy for children on the autism spectrum: Improved social interaction observed by multiple informants across different social contexts. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2022.2046628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Pater
- RUG, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marinus Spreen
- NHLStenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van Yperen
- RUG, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Aalbers S, Vink A, de Witte M, Pattiselanno K, Spreen M, van Hooren S. Feasibility of emotion-regulating improvisational music therapy for young adult students with depressive symptoms: A process evaluation. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2021.1934088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Aalbers
- Academy of Health and Social Studies, Arts Therapies, Music Therapy, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for the Arts Therapies, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Vink
- Music Therapy Department, ArtEZ University of the Arts, Academy of Music, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Martina de Witte
- Research Centre for the Arts Therapies, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Arts Therapies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Pattiselanno
- Academy of Health and Social Studies, Arts Therapies, Music Therapy, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus Spreen
- Academy of Health and Social Studies, Arts Therapies, Music Therapy, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Susan van Hooren
- Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for the Arts Therapies, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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Janković M, Masthoff E, Spreen M, de Looff P, Bogaerts S. A Latent Class Analysis of Forensic Psychiatric Patients in Relation to Risk and Protective Factors. Front Psychol 2021; 12:695354. [PMID: 34354640 PMCID: PMC8329083 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Forensic psychiatric patients form a very heterogeneous population regarding psychopathology, criminal history, and risk factors for reoffending. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether there are more homogeneous classes of forensic patients based on DSM-IV-TR Axis I and II diagnoses and previously committed offenses, by means of explorative latent class analysis (LCA). It was also investigated which risk and protective factors are significantly more prevalent in one class compared to other classes. The study sample contained 722 male forensic psychiatric patients who were unconditionally released between 2004 and 2014 from high-security forensic clinics. Data were retrospectively derived from electronic patient files. Five distinctive patient classes emerged: class with only Axis II diagnosis, class with multiple problems, antisocial class, psychotic class, and intellectually disabled class. These classes differed significantly in risk and protective factors. This study contributes to the understanding of patient classes and provides directions for future, class-tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Janković
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik Masthoff
- Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marinus Spreen
- Department of Social Work, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Peter de Looff
- Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Bogaerts
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Pioch A, Spreen M, Bokern H. [Music therapy for negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: five systemic N-of-1 trials in a high-security psychiatric hospital]. Tijdschr Psychiatr 2021; 63:412-418. [PMID: 34231859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative symptoms hamper treatment progress of patients with schizophrenia. AIM This study evaluates the effect of a music therapy module on negative symptoms, composed of activating music therapy as usual, augmented by elements of neurologic music therapy on negative symptoms. METHOD A pre- and posttreatment measurement with the Dutch version of the Brief Negative Symptom Scale has been taken from five forensic psychiatric patients and their personal nurses. During the module, sociotherapist scored the Negative Symptom Scale three times a week. Applying the reliable change index and simulation modeling analysis, the quantitative change in negative symptoms was analyzed for each patient, supported by a qualitative analysis of the medical files. RESULTS Four out of five patients showed reduction in negative symptoms. CONCLUSION Music therapy seems to have a positive effect on the reduction of negative symptoms and regaining of activity and treatment motivation in forensic psychiatric patients, who prior to the study were long-lasting inactive and difficult to motivate. Adjusting the music therapy to individual needs, personalized treatment, is in line with the complexity of the target group.
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Van der Linde R, Bogaerts S, Garofalo C, Blaauw E, De Caluwé E, Billen E, Spreen M. Trajectories of Dynamic Risk Factors During Forensic Treatment: Growth Trajectory of Clinical Risk Factors in a Sample of Dutch Forensic Patients. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2020; 64:1491-1513. [PMID: 32114842 PMCID: PMC7495711 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x20909219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, growth trajectories (from admission until unconditional release) of crime-related dynamic risk factors were investigated in a sample of Dutch forensic patients (N = 317), using latent growth curve modeling. After testing the unconditional model, three predictors were added: first-time offender versus recidivist, age, and treatment duration. Postanalyses were chi-square difference tests, t tests, and analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to assess differences in trajectories. Overall, on scale level, a decrease of risk factors over time was found. The predictors showed no significant slope differences although age and treatment duration differed significantly at some time points. The oldest age group performed worse, especially at later time points. Treatment duration effects were found at the second time point. Our results that forensic patients show a decrease in crime-related risk factors may indicate that treatment is effective. This study also found differences in growth rates, indicating the effect of individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Bogaerts
- Tilburg University, the Netherlands
- Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Eric Blaauw
- Verslavingszorg Noord Nederland, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marinus Spreen
- Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
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Bogaerts S, Spreen M, Masthoff E, Jankovic M. Longitudinal Network Structure and Changes of Clinical Risk and Protective Factors in a Nationwide Sample of Forensic Psychiatric Patients. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2020; 64:1533-1550. [PMID: 32468885 PMCID: PMC7495686 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x20923256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated network configurations of 14 Clinical risk and protective factors in a sample of 317 male forensic psychiatric patients across two time points: at the time of admission to the forensic psychiatric centers (T1) and at the time of unconditional release (T2). In terms of network structure, the strongest risk edge was between "hostility-violation of terms" at T1, and between "hostility-impulsivity" at T2. "Problem insight-crime responsibility" was the strongest protective edge, and "impulsivity-coping skills" was the strongest between-cluster edge, at both time points, respectively. In terms of strength centrality, "cooperation with treatment" had the highest strength centrality at both measurement occasions. This study expands the risk assessment field toward a better understanding of dynamic relationships between individual clinical risk and protective factors and points to the highly central risk and protective factors, which would be the best for future treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bogaerts
- Tilburg University, the Netherlands
- Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation (FARID), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marinus Spreen
- NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Masthoff
- Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation (FARID), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marija Jankovic
- Tilburg University, the Netherlands
- Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation (FARID), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Aalbers S, Spreen M, Pattiselanno K, Verboon P, Vink A, van Hooren S. Efficacy of emotion-regulating improvisational music therapy to reduce depressive symptoms in young adult students: A multiple-case study design. The Arts in Psychotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2020.101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Bosgraaf L, Spreen M, Pattiselanno K, van Hooren S. Art Therapy for Psychosocial Problems in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Narrative Review on Art Therapeutic Means and Forms of Expression, Therapist Behavior, and Supposed Mechanisms of Change. Front Psychol 2020; 11:584685. [PMID: 33132993 PMCID: PMC7578380 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.584685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Art therapy (AT) is frequently offered to children and adolescents with psychosocial problems. AT is an experiential form of treatment in which the use of art materials, the process of creation in the presence and guidance of an art therapist, and the resulting artwork are assumed to contribute to the reduction of psychosocial problems. Although previous research reports positive effects, there is a lack of knowledge on which (combination of) art therapeutic components contribute to the reduction of psychosocial problems in children and adolescents. Method: A systematic narrative review was conducted to give an overview of AT interventions for children and adolescents with psychosocial problems. Fourteen databases and four electronic journals up to January 2020 were systematically searched. The applied means and forms of expression, therapist behavior, supposed mechanisms of change, and effects were extracted and coded. Results: Thirty-seven studies out of 1,299 studies met the inclusion criteria. This concerned 16 randomized controlled trials, eight controlled trials, and 13 single-group pre-post design studies. AT interventions for children and adolescents are characterized by a variety of materials/techniques, forms of structure such as giving topics or assignments, and the use of language. Three forms of therapist behavior were seen: non-directive, directive, and eclectic. All three forms of therapist behavior, in combination with a variety of means and forms of expression, showed significant effects on psychosocial problems. Conclusions: The results showed that the use of means and forms of expression and therapist behavior is applied flexibly. This suggests the responsiveness of AT, in which means and forms of expression and therapist behavior are applied to respond to the client's needs and circumstances, thereby giving positive results for psychosocial outcomes. For future studies, presenting detailed information on the potential beneficial effects of used therapeutic perspectives, means, art techniques, and therapist behavior is recommended to get a better insight into (un)successful art therapeutic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Bosgraaf
- Faculty of Healthcare and Social Work, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands.,Alliade, Care Group, Heerenveen, Netherlands.,KenVaK, Research Center for Arts Therapies, Heerlen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Marinus Spreen
- Faculty of Healthcare and Social Work, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Kim Pattiselanno
- Faculty of Healthcare and Social Work, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Susan van Hooren
- KenVaK, Research Center for Arts Therapies, Heerlen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Healthcare, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, Netherlands
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Van Veen MM, Rutters F, Spreen M, Lancel M. Poor sleep quality at baseline is associated with increased aggression over one year in forensic psychiatric patients. Sleep Med 2019; 67:1-6. [PMID: 31883497 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In forensic psychiatric patients, sleep problems as well as impulsivity and aggression are highly prevalent, yet studies on their association over time are lacking. This study investigates the association between sleep quality and changes in impulsivity and aggression in forensic psychiatric patients over one year. METHODS Data were drawn from an ongoing prospective observational study in adult forensic psychiatric patients admitted to a forensic treatment facility between October 2006 and January 2018. Validated self-reports and observational instruments were used to assess sleep quality, impulsivity and aggression upon admission to the hospital and after one year. Linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association between sleep quality, impulsivity and aggression. All models were adjusted for baseline values of outcome measures, demographic features and general psychopathology. RESULTS Data from 83 men (age 37.7 ± 11.7 years) with completed consecutive measurements were analyzed. Poor sleep quality was associated with increased self-reported aggression (β = 1.08; 95% CI, 0.38-1.78). This association was positively confounded by general psychopathology, indicating that sleep quality is specifically related to self-reported aggression instead of being part of general psychopathology (adjusted β = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.39-1.97). Poor sleep quality was not associated with changes in self-reported impulsivity, clinician-rated impulsivity or clinician-rated hostility in this population. CONCLUSION Poor sleep quality was associated with an increase in self-reported aggression over one year in male forensic psychiatric patients. Early evaluation and treatment of sleep problems in (forensic) psychiatric patients may play an important role in reducing the risk of aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Van Veen
- GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Assen, the Netherlands; GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Sleep Centre for Psychiatry, Assen, the Netherlands.
| | - F Rutters
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Spreen
- NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - M Lancel
- GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Assen, the Netherlands; GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Sleep Centre for Psychiatry, Assen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Schweizer C, Knorth EJ, van Yperen TA, Spreen M. Evaluating art therapy processes with children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Development and testing of two observation instruments for evaluating children’s and therapists’ behaviour. The Arts in Psychotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2019.101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Schweizer C, Knorth EJ, van Yperen TA, Spreen M. Consensus-based typical elements of art therapy with children with autism spectrum disorders. International Journal of Art Therapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17454832.2019.1632364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fielenbach S, Donkers FCL, Spreen M, Smit A, Bogaerts S. Theta/SMR Neurofeedback Training Works Well for Some Forensic Psychiatric Patients, But Not for Others: A Sham-Controlled Clinical Case Series. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2019; 63:2422-2439. [PMID: 31130043 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x19849562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback could be a promising treatment for forensic psychiatric patients. Increasing evidence shows some patients are unable to regulate cortical activity. Before neurofeedback can be applied successfully, research is needed to investigate the interpersonal mechanisms responsible for patients' ability to respond to neurofeedback. A single-case experimental design allows for close monitoring of individual patients, providing valuable information about patients' response to the intervention and the time frame in which changes in clinical symptoms can be observed. Four patients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) substance use disorder and various comorbidities participated in a sham-controlled clinical case study. Self-report level of impulsivity and craving were assessed. Results indicate that one patient showed more improvements on behavioral measures after the neurofeedback training than did the others. This patient reported less impulsivity and reduced levels of self-reported craving. However, these findings could not be attributed to the neurofeedback intervention. The findings suggest that there is insufficient evidence for the beneficial effects of a theta/sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) neurofeedback intervention on measures of impulsivity and craving, and that there may be great interindividual differences in patients' ability to regulate cortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fielenbach
- 1 FPC Dr. S. van Mesdag, Groningen, The Netherlands
- 2 Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Spreen
- 1 FPC Dr. S. van Mesdag, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Smit
- 1 FPC Dr. S. van Mesdag, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Bogaerts
- 2 Tilburg University, The Netherlands
- 4 Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation, Poortugaal, The Netherlands
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Schuringa E, Spreen M, Bogaerts S. Inpatient violence in forensic psychiatry: Does change in dynamic risk indicators of the IFTE help predict short term inpatient violence? Int J Law Psychiatry 2019; 66:101448. [PMID: 31706381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inpatient violence is a form of recidivism in forensic psychiatric treatment and is stated as an adverse outcome of treatment and a predictor for recidivism after release from the institution. Dynamic Risk Indicators (DRI) are critical key indicators that can predict inpatient violence, but little is known about the effects of change in DRI during forensic psychiatric treatment on the prediction of inpatient violence. This study examines the effects of change in DRI on the prediction of short-term inpatient violence using the Instrument for Forensic Treatment Evaluation (IFTE). A group of 96 patients is followed from entering a high secure forensic hospital until their fifth measurement approximately three years later. The outcome measure is defined as any inpatient violence six months after measurement five. Repeated measures are used to study whether there was a difference in change in DRI between the group of patients who did or did not committed inpatient violence. Binary logistic regression is used to establish the extent to which changes in DRI add to the predictive power of the last measurement. At the group level, the extent of change in DRI did not discriminate between the two patient groups. A large part of the 96 patients already scored low on DRI when entering the hospital and did not (need to) change. At all five measurements violent patients had significant higher scores on DRI than nonviolent patients. Logistic regressions showed that the last measurement predicts inpatient violence sufficiently, the change in DRI during the first four measurements did not contribute to this prediction. The change in dynamic risk indicators does not help to predict short term inpatient violence. The last measurement is the most practical predictor for short term inpatient violence, but because of the dynamic nature of these indicators it is necessary to frequently monitor these indicators to detect imminent risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Schuringa
- Forensic Psychiatric Centre Dr. S. van Mesdag, Post box 30.002, Groningen 9700 RC, the Netherlands.
| | - Marinus Spreen
- Forensic Psychiatric Centre Dr. S. van Mesdag, Post box 30.002, Groningen 9700 RC, the Netherlands; NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Bogaerts
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Fivoor Science & Treatment Innovation, the Netherlands
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Fielenbach S, Donkers FC, Spreen M, Bogaerts S. Effects of a Theta/Sensorimotor Rhythm Neurofeedback Training Protocol on Measures of Impulsivity, Drug Craving, and Substance Abuse in Forensic Psychiatric Patients With Substance Abuse: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2018; 5:e10845. [PMID: 30538087 PMCID: PMC6305873 DOI: 10.2196/10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forensic psychiatric patients are often diagnosed with psychiatric disorders characterized by high levels of impulsivity as well as comorbid substance use disorders (SUD). The combination of psychiatric disorders and SUD increases the risk of future violence. Chronic substance abuse can lead to a structural state of disinhibition, resulting in more drug taking and eventually loss of control over drug intake. When treating SUD, it is crucial to address high levels of impulsivity and lack of inhibitory control. OBJECTIVE This study set out to investigate the effects of a theta/sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) neurofeedback training protocol on levels of impulsivity, levels of drug craving, and actual drug intake in a population of forensic psychiatric patients with a diagnosis of SUD. METHODS A total of 21 participants received 20 sessions of theta/SMR neurofeedback training in combination with treatment-as-usual (TAU). Results of the intervention were compared with results from 21 participants who received TAU only. RESULTS SMR magnitude showed a significant (P=.02) increase post training for patients in the neurofeedback training group, whereas theta magnitude did not change (P=.71). Levels of drug craving as well as scores on the motor subscale of the Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11 decreased equally for patients in the neurofeedback training group and the TAU group. Other measures of impulsivity as well as drug intake did not change posttreatment (P>.05). Therefore, neurofeedback+TAU was not more effective than TAU only. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated evidence that forensic psychiatric patients are able to increase SMR magnitude over the course of neurofeedback training. However, at the group level, the increase in SMR activity was not related to any of the included impulsivity or drug craving measures. Further research should focus on which patients will be able to benefit from neurofeedback training at an early stage of the employed training sessions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Dutch National Trial Register: NTR5386; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=5386 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6nXLQuoLl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fielenbach
- Research Department, Forensic Psychiatric Centre Dr S van Mesdag, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Franc Cl Donkers
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marinus Spreen
- Research Department, Forensic Psychiatric Centre Dr S van Mesdag, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Bogaerts
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation, Poortugaal, Netherlands
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Bogaerts S, Spreen M, ter Horst P, Gerlsma C. Predictive Validity of the HKT-R Risk Assessment Tool: Two and 5-Year Violent Recidivism in a Nationwide Sample of Dutch Forensic Psychiatric Patients. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2018; 62:2259-2270. [PMID: 28658999 PMCID: PMC5960839 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x17717128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study has examined the predictive validity of the Historical Clinical Future [ Historisch Klinisch Toekomst] Revised risk assessment scheme in a cohort of 347 forensic psychiatric patients, which were discharged between 2004 and 2008 from any of 12 highly secure forensic centers in the Netherlands. Predictive validity was measured 2 and 5 years after release. Official reconviction data obtained from the Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice were used as outcome measures. Violent reoffending within 2 and 5 years after discharge was assessed. With regard to violent reoffending, results indicated that the predictive validity of the Historical domain was modest for 2 (area under the curve [AUC] = .75) and 5 (AUC = .74) years. The predictive validity of the Clinical domain was marginal for 2 (admission: AUC = .62; discharge: AUC = .63) and 5 (admission: AUC = .69; discharge: AUC = .62) years after release. The predictive validity of the Future domain was modest (AUC = .71) for 2 years and low for 5 (AUC = .58) years. The total score of the instrument was modest for 2 years (AUC = .78) and marginal for 5 (AUC = .68) years. Finally, the Final Risk Judgment was modest for 2 years (AUC = .78) and marginal for 5 (AUC = .63) years time at risk. It is concluded that this risk assessment instrument appears to be a satisfactory instrument for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bogaerts
- Tilburg University, The Netherlands
- FPC Kijvelanden, Karid/Fivoor, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus Spreen
- FPC Dr. S. van Mesdag Clinic, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Schuringa E, Spreen M, Bogaerts S. [Predicting short term intramural violence with the Instrument for Forensic Treatment Evaluation (IBFE), ROM-instrument in tbs for different target groups]. Tijdschr Psychiatr 2018; 60:662-671. [PMID: 30328591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Instrument for Forensic Treatment Evaluation (IFTE) has proven to be useful as an instrument for treatment evaluation and risk management in a heterogeneous group of tbs-patients (tbs = court ordered psychiatric treatment for offenders with a mental disorder). However, it is not known whether this ROM-instrument is a predictor of short term inpatient violence in different tbs-groups.<br/> AIM: To investigate the extent to which the factor Problematic behavior of the IFBE is useful for predicting intramural violence, taking the different target groups in tbs into account. To demonstrate the practical value of the ifte factor Problematic behavior for inpatient violence risk management.<br/> METHOD: Using logistic regression, the predictive validity of the ifte-factor Problematic behavior for inpatient violence was established in a 4 to 8-month follow-up, taking the different target groups into account. Cut-off points based on ROC analysis determined whether this factor could be of practical value for risk management.<br/> RESULTS: The factor Problematic behavior predicted inpatient violence, irrespective of the target group, with an odds ratio of 1.68. A cut-off score of 7, on a scale of 1 to 17, correctly assessed 82% of the patients as a high or low risk for inpatient violent behavior.<br/> CONCLUSION: The factor Problematic behavior of the IFBE can contribute to the prediction of short term inpatient violence for different tbs patient groups.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a highly prevalent mood disorder that is characterised by persistent low mood, diminished interest, and loss of pleasure. Music therapy may be helpful in modulating moods and emotions. An update of the 2008 Cochrane review was needed to improve knowledge on effects of music therapy for depression. OBJECTIVES 1. To assess effects of music therapy for depression in people of any age compared with treatment as usual (TAU) and psychological, pharmacological, and/or other therapies.2. To compare effects of different forms of music therapy for people of any age with a diagnosis of depression. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases: the Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Controlled Trials Register (CCMD-CTR; from inception to 6 May 2016); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; to 17 June 2016); Thomson Reuters/Web of Science (to 21 June 2016); Ebsco/PsycInfo, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, and PubMed (to 5 July 2016); the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP), ClinicalTrials.gov, the National Guideline Clearing House, and OpenGrey (to 6 September 2016); and the Digital Access to Research Theses (DART)-Europe E-theses Portal, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Database (to 7 September 2016). We checked reference lists of retrieved articles and relevant systematic reviews and contacted trialists and subject experts for additional information when needed. We updated this search in August 2017 and placed potentially relevant studies in the "Awaiting classification" section; we will incorporate these into the next version of this review as appropriate. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing music therapy versus treatment as usual (TAU), psychological therapies, pharmacological therapies, other therapies, or different forms of music therapy for reducing depression. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected studies, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data from all included studies. We calculated standardised mean difference (SMD) for continuous data and odds ratio (OR) for dichotomous data with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We assessed heterogeneity using the I2 statistic. MAIN RESULTS We included in this review nine studies involving a total of 421 participants, 411 of whom were included in the meta-analysis examining short-term effects of music therapy for depression. Concerning primary outcomes, we found moderate-quality evidence of large effects favouring music therapy and TAU over TAU alone for both clinician-rated depressive symptoms (SMD -0.98, 95% CI -1.69 to -0.27, 3 RCTs, 1 CCT, n = 219) and patient-reported depressive symptoms (SMD -0.85, 95% CI -1.37 to -0.34, 3 RCTs, 1 CCT, n = 142). Music therapy was not associated with more or fewer adverse events than TAU. Regarding secondary outcomes, music therapy plus TAU was superior to TAU alone for anxiety and functioning. Music therapy and TAU was not more effective than TAU alone for improved quality of life (SMD 0.32, 95% CI -0.17 to 0.80, P = 0.20, n = 67, low-quality evidence). We found no significant discrepancies in the numbers of participants who left the study early (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.14 to 1.70, P = 0.26, 5 RCTs, 1 CCT, n = 293, moderate-quality evidence). Findings of the present meta-analysis indicate that music therapy added to TAU provides short-term beneficial effects for people with depression if compared to TAU alone. Additionally, we are uncertain about the effects of music therapy versus psychological therapies on clinician-rated depression (SMD -0.78, 95% CI -2.36 to 0.81, 1 RCT, n = 11, very low-quality evidence), patient-reported depressive symptoms (SMD -1.28, 95% CI -3.75 to 1.02, 4 RCTs, n = 131, low-quality evidence), quality of life (SMD -1.31, 95% CI - 0.36 to 2.99, 1 RCT, n = 11, very low-quality evidence), and leaving the study early (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.02 to 1.49, 4 RCTs, n = 157, moderate-quality evidence). We found no eligible evidence addressing adverse events, functioning, and anxiety. We do not know whether one form of music therapy is better than another for clinician-rated depressive symptoms (SMD -0.52, 95% CI -1.87 to 0.83, 1 RCT, n = 9, very low-quality evidence), patient-reported depressive symptoms (SMD -0.01, 95% CI -1.33 to 1.30, 1 RCT, n = 9, very low-quality evidence), quality of life (SMD -0.24, 95% CI -1.57 to 1.08, 1 RCT, n = 9, very low-quality evidence), or leaving the study early (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.01 to 8.46, 1 RCT, n = 10). We found no eligible evidence addressing adverse events, functioning, or anxiety. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present meta-analysis indicate that music therapy provides short-term beneficial effects for people with depression. Music therapy added to treatment as usual (TAU) seems to improve depressive symptoms compared with TAU alone. Additionally, music therapy plus TAU is not associated with more or fewer adverse events than TAU alone. Music therapy also shows efficacy in decreasing anxiety levels and improving functioning of depressed individuals.Future trials based on adequate design and larger samples of children and adolescents are needed to consolidate our findings. Researchers should consider investigating mechanisms of music therapy for depression. It is important to clearly describe music therapy, TAU, the comparator condition, and the profession of the person who delivers the intervention, for reproducibility and comparison purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Aalbers
- University of Applied SciencesSocial Work and Arts TherapiesRengerslaan 8LeeuwardenFrieslandNetherlands8917 DD
- Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamClinical, Neuro & Developmental PsychologyAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Laura Fusar‐Poli
- University of PaviaDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Sciencesvia Bassi 21PaviaItaly27100
| | - Ruth E Freeman
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation TrustPsychiatryLondonUK
| | - Marinus Spreen
- Stenden University of Applied SciencesSchool of Social Work and Art TherapiesLeeuwardenNetherlands
| | - Johannes CF Ket
- Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamMedical LibraryDe Boelelaan 1117AmsterdamNetherlands1081 HV
| | - Annemiek C Vink
- ArtEZ School of MusicMusic Therapy Dept.Van Essengaarde 10EnschedeNetherlands7511 PN
| | - Anna Maratos
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation TrustArts TherapiesGreater London HouseHampstead RoadLondonUKNW1 7QY
| | - Mike Crawford
- Imperial College LondonDepartment of Psychological MedicineClaybrook Centre37 Claybrook RoadLondonUKW6 8LN
| | - Xi‐Jing Chen
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of ScienceCAS Key Laboratory of Mental HealthBeijingChina
| | - Christian Gold
- Uni ResearchGAMUT ‐ The Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre, Uni Research HealthLars Hilles gate 3BergenNorway5015
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Fielenbach S, Donkers FC, Spreen M, Bogaerts S. Neurofeedback as a Treatment for Impulsivity in a Forensic Psychiatric Population With Substance Use Disorder: Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial Combined With an N-of-1 Clinical Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6:e13. [PMID: 28122696 PMCID: PMC5299210 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.6907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity and substance use disorder (SUD) are strongly interconnected, with persons scoring high on impulsivity being more vulnerable to develop substance abuse, facing more challenges for successful treatment, and being more prone to engage in criminal behavior. Studies have shown that impulsivity and craving for substances are strongly correlated. Neurofeedback is an effective treatment to reduce impulsive behavior. This study intends to determine to what extent a neurofeedback-intervention that is aimed at reducing impulsivity can also reduce levels of craving in forensic patients with SUD and comorbid Axis I and/or II diagnoses. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to investigate to what extent a reduction in impulsivity by a sensorimotor rhythm (SMR)-neurofeedback intervention will lead to a reduction in craving in a population of forensic psychiatric patients with a diagnosis of SUD. METHODS Participants will be male SUD patients with various comorbidities residing in an inpatient forensic treatment facility approached through treatment supervisors for participation. Participants have tested positive for drug use in the past 24 months. The study consists of 2 parts: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a n-of-1 clinical series. In the RCT, 50 patients will be randomly assigned to an intervention (n=25) or a control (n=25) condition. Patients in the intervention group will receive 20 SMR neurofeedback sessions aimed at reducing impulsivity; participants in the control group receive treatment-as-usual (TAU). Additionally, 4 in depth n-of-1 clinical trials will be conducted where effects of an SMR neurofeedback intervention will be compared to effects of sham neurofeedback. RESULTS Results of this study are expected by the end of 2017. CONCLUSIONS This protocol describes the design of a study testing the effects of an impulsivity-based neurofeedback protocol among forensic patients with SUD and various comorbidities. We expect a significant reduction in impulsive behavior, level of craving, and actual drug-use for participants receiving the SMR neurofeedback protocol. The n-of-1 approach might help to explain effects possibly found in the RCT study since it allows for a more direct focus on treatment effects by following participants more closely and thereby being able to directly attribute behavioral and neurophysiological change to the SMR neurofeedback protocol employed. CLINICALTRIAL Dutch National Trial Register NTR5386; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=5386 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6nXLQuoLl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fielenbach
- Research Department, Forensic Psychiatric Centre Dr S van Mesdag, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Franc Cl Donkers
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marinus Spreen
- Research Department, Forensic Psychiatric Centre Dr S van Mesdag, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Bogaerts
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,Research Department, Forensic Psychiatric Centre De Kijvelanden, Poortugaal, Netherlands
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Fielenbach S, Donkers FCL, Spreen M, Visser HA, Bogaerts S. Neurofeedback Training for Psychiatric Disorders Associated with Criminal Offending: A Review. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:313. [PMID: 29422873 PMCID: PMC5788905 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective treatment interventions for criminal offenders are necessary to reduce risk of criminal recidivism. Evidence about deviant electroencephalographic (EEG)-frequencies underlying disorders found in criminal offenders is accumulating. Yet, treatment modalities, such as neurofeedback, are rarely applied in the forensic psychiatric domain. Since offenders usually have multiple disorders, difficulties adhering to long-term treatment modalities, and are highly vulnerable for psychiatric decompensation, more information about neurofeedback training protocols, number of sessions, and expected symptom reduction is necessary before it can be successfully used in offender populations. METHOD Studies were analyzed that used neurofeedback in adult criminal offenders, and in disorders these patients present with. Specifically aggression, violence, recidivism, offending, psychopathy, schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), substance-use disorder (SUD), and cluster B personality disorders were included. Only studies that reported changes in EEG-frequencies posttreatment (increase/decrease/no change in EEG amplitude/power) were included. RESULTS Databases Psychinfo and Pubmed were searched in the period 1990-2017 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, resulting in a total of 10 studies. Studies in which neurofeedback was applied in ADHD (N = 3), SUD (N = 3), schizophrenia (N = 3), and psychopathy (N = 1) could be identified. No studies could be identified for neurofeedback applied in cluster B personality disorders, aggression, violence, or recidivism in criminal offenders. For all treatment populations and neurofeedback protocols, number of sessions varied greatly. Changes in behavioral levels ranged from no improvements to significant symptom reduction after neurofeedback training. The results are also mixed concerning posttreatment changes in targeted EEG-frequency bands. Only three studies established criteria for EEG-learning. CONCLUSION Implications of the results for the applicability of neurofeedback training in criminal offender populations are discussed. More research focusing on neurofeedback and learning of cortical activity regulation is needed in populations with externalizing behaviors associated with violence and criminal behavior, as well as multiple comorbidities. At this point, it is unclear whether standard neurofeedback training protocols can be applied in offender populations, or whether QEEG-guided neurofeedback is a better choice. Given the special context in which the studies are executed, clinical trials, as well as single-case experimental designs, might be more feasible than large double-blind randomized controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fielenbach
- FPC Dr. S. van Mesdag, Groningen, Netherlands.,Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Bogaerts
- Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,FPC De Kijvelanden, Poortugaal, Netherlands
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Aalbers S, Spreen M, Bosveld-van Haandel L, Bogaerts S. Evaluation of client progress in music therapy: an illustration of an N-of-1 design in individual short-term improvisational music therapy with clients with depression. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2016.1205649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hakvoort L, Bogaerts S, Thaut MH, Spreen M. Influence of Music Therapy on Coping Skills and Anger Management in Forensic Psychiatric Patients: An Exploratory Study. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2015; 59:810-836. [PMID: 24379454 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x13516787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of music therapy on anger management and coping skills is an innovative subject in the field of forensic psychiatry. This study explores the following research question: Can music therapy treatment contribute to positive changes in coping skills, anger management, and dysfunctional behavior of forensic psychiatric patients? To investigate this question, first a literature review is offered on music therapy and anger management in forensic psychiatry. Then, an explorative study is presented. In the study, a pre- and post-test design was used with a random assignment of patients to either treatment or control condition. Fourteen participants' complete datasets were collected. All participants received "treatment as usual." Nine of the participants received a standardized, music therapy anger management program; the five controls received, unplanned, an aggression management program. Results suggested that anger management skills improved for all participants. The improvement of positive coping skills and diminishing of avoidance as a coping skill were measured to show greater changes in music therapy participants. When controlling for the exact number of treatment hours, the outcomes suggested that music therapy might accelerate the process of behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Bogaerts
- Tilburg University, The Netherlands Forensic Psychiatric Center De Kijvelanden, Poortugaal, The Netherlands The Leuven Institute of Criminology, Belgium
| | | | - Marinus Spreen
- Stenden Hogeschool, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands Forensic Psychiatric Center Dr. S. van Mesdag, Groningen, The Netherlands
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ter Haar-Pomp L, de Beer C, van der Lem R, Spreen M, Bogaerts S. Monitoring Risk Behaviors by Managing Social Support in the Network of a Forensic Psychiatric Patient: A Single-Case Analysis. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2015.1007779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ter Horst P, Jessen A, Bogaerts S, Spreen M. [Clinical decision making with regard to the granting of escorted leave for forensic patients detained by court order in a Dutch psychiatric clinic. Role of gender, disorder and the type of offence in the procedure]. Tijdschr Psychiatr 2015; 57:314-322. [PMID: 26028011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in the length of time until the first escorted leave is granted to a patient detained by court order (tbs) results in a longer period of treatment. Physicians involved in the treatment and clinic managers are striving to reduce, in a responsible manner, the length of the period of treatment preceding the patient's first escorted leave.<br/> AIM Forensic Psychiatric Clinic (fpk) 'De Woenselse Poort' aims to find out to what extent gender, pathology and the type of offence committed by the detainee influence the length of time that elapses before the patient's first leave is granted. METHOD We conducted a retrospective study based on patients' records. RESULTS Although men use physical aggression more often than women, we found that gender, pathology and the type of offence had no influence on the length of the treatment period that preceded the granting of the patient's first escorted leave. CONCLUSION Partly on the basis of risk management scales, clinicians judge whether the patient has adopted a more positive or a more negative attitude to risk factors relating to his or her offence. If the risk factors have become more positive, one would expect the application for leave to be made earlier. Surprisingly, this was not the case. In order to speed up the decision-making process regarding the application for leave, a clinical method for evaluating risk related treatment needs to be developed in which offence related risk factors are identified and the patient's positive or negative attitude to these risks are measured and monitored. At each treatment evaluation practitioners should be required to produce arguments that determine whether or not the patient is to be granted permission to go on leave at a particular moment.
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Schuringa E, Spreen M, Bogaerts S. Inter-Rater and Test-Retest Reliability, Internal Consistency, and Factorial Structure of the Instrument for Forensic Treatment Evaluation. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2014.897536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ter Horst P, van Ham M, Spreen M, Bogaerts S. [Treatment evaluation and clinical decision making using HKT-30-ROM]. Tijdschr Psychiatr 2014; 56:228-236. [PMID: 24807382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By means of repeated, well-supported measurements of clinical dynamic indicators from the Historical, Clinical and Future - 30 (HKT-30) it is possible to monitor behavioural changes on the basis of risks and needs. The addition of extra score parameters allows us to distinguish client-specific risks and needs. In treatment evaluation it is important to visualise changes in these indicators of treatment evaluation because they are the key to the clinical decision-making process that determines further treatment and rehabilitation. AIM To investigate whether HKT-30 indicators can be used to measure and visualise behavioral changes for the purpose of treatment evaluation. METHOD A case study is used to illustrate how clinicians at the Forensic Psychiatric Clinic (FPK), De Woenselse Poort, ascertain risks, needs and changes and clarify these factors for the purpose of treatment evaluation and clinical decision-making. RESULTS Routine treatment evaluation aided by visualised clinical HKT-30 indicators give the treatment team and the client a clearer picture of the behavioral changes for which the forensic treatment was prescribed. This evaluation provides significant starting-points for clinical decision making. CONCLUSION Routine treatment evaluation along with a suitably adjusted HKT-30 make behavioural changes visible, render clinical decisions more transparent and provide valuable starting-points for a dialogue with the client about his treatment.
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Bogaerts S, Polak M, Spreen M, Zwets A. High and Low Aggressive Narcissism and Anti-social Lifestyle in Relationship to Impulsivity, Hostility, and Empathy in a Group of Forensic Patients in the Netherlands. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2012.650144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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de Vries K, Spreen M. [Can the clinical items of the risk assessment instrument HKT-30 predict to what extent forensic patients will break agreements during the resocialisation phase of treatment?]. Tijdschr Psychiatr 2012; 54:429-438. [PMID: 22588957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up till now, little research has been done into the factors that psychologists use during a patient’s Involuntary Commitment process in order to decide whether the patient should be transferred from the transitional phase of treatment to the pre-release resocialisation phase. In forensic treatment a premature decision can result in a problematical resocialisation phase and prolong the period of treatment. AIM To find out whether the K-items of the HKT-30, measured in the 12 months prior to the decision-making moment, can predict whether a patient, upon transfer to the resocialisation phase, will likely break agreements made in the transitional phase. METHOD With logistic regression and roc-analyses, the K-items of the HKT-30 for 94 patients, measured between 2003 and 2009, were used to predict the course and length of these patients’ treatment in the resocialisation phase. RESULTS Some clinical items of the HKT-30 appear to provide a predictive value for the course of the pre-release resocialisation phase. Impulsiveness is one of the risk factors affecting the resocialisation phase. CONCLUSION Some K-items of the HKT-30 do appear to support the decisions to allow patients receiving forensic inpatient treatment to be transferred to the resocialisation phase.
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Bogaerts S, Daalder AL, Spreen M, Van der Knaap LM, Henrichs J. Factor Structure of the Dutch Version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-SF among Female Sex Workers in the Netherlands. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2011.588926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Buunk-Werkhoven YAB, Dijkstra-le Clercq M, Verheggen-Udding EL, de Jong N, Spreen M. Halitosis and oral health-related quality of life: a case report. Int J Dent Hyg 2011; 10:3-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2011.00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Spreen M, Timmerman ME, Horst PT, Schuringa E. Formalizing Clinical Decisions in Individual Treatments: Some First Steps. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2010.481233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pomp L, Spreen M, Bogaerts S, Völker B. The Role of Personal Social Networks in Risk Assessment and Management of Forensic Psychiatric Patients. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2010.481232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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van der Horst R, Snijders T, Völker B, Spreen M. Social Interaction Related to the Functioning of Forensic Psychiatric Inpatients. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2010.481238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Buunk-Werkhoven YAB, Dijkstra A, Schaub RMH, van der Schans CP, Spreen M. Oral health related quality of life among imprisoned Dutch forensic psychiatric patients. J Forensic Nurs 2010; 6:137-143. [PMID: 21175534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-3938.2010.01079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Because dental health and oral pathology may affect forensic psychiatric patients' well being, it is important to be able to assess oral health related quality of life (OH-QoL) in these patients. Two studies were conducted among Dutch forensic psychiatric male patients to assess the psychometric properties and some potential predictors of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) as a measure of OH-QoL. Study 1 involved 40 patients who completed the OHIP-14 before receiving professional dental care and were retested 3 months later. The internal consistency was good, the test-retest correlations were fair, and over the 3 months follow-up no significant changes in OH-QoL were observed. Study 2 consisted of 39 patients who completed an improved version of the original OHIP-14, as well as measures to validate of the OHIP. Dental anxiety and unhealthy dentition jointly explained 26.7% of the variance in OH-QoL, and the better patients performed their oral hygiene behavior, the better their OH-QoL. It is concluded that the Dutch OHIP-14 is a useful instrument, and that nurses, especially in forensic nursing, should pay particularly attention to dental anxiety when encouraging patients to visit OH professionals and to perform adequate oral hygiene self-care.
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Abstract
The marginalization theory of life histories implies that drug users who are considered as marginalized manifest more serious social, economical, physical, and psychological problems than nonmarginalized drug users. The degree of marginalization is assumed to be an indicator of homelessness. The theory argues that homelessness is a stage in the life of a user that is associated with the loss of control of use. In this paper the effects of the dimensions of marginalization on homelessness are reported. The marginalization theory emerged from ethnographic fieldwork research among the drug users population in Parkstad Limburg, the Netherlands. Ethnographic fieldwork is often restricted to a (selective observed) part of the total population. To verify whether the marginalization theory was valid for the total unknown population, we used quantitative data obtained in 1999 by a two-mode network sample (n = 58). As a conclusion homelessness was more likely to be present among marginalized than nonmarginalized drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moniek Coumans
- Department of Health Care Studies, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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