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Balzanelli MG, Rastmanesh R, Distratis P, Lazzaro R, Inchingolo F, Del Prete R, Pham VH, Aityan SK, Cong TT, Nguyen KCD, Isacco CG. The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Long-term Damage of Tissues and Organs, the Underestimated Role of Retrotransposons and Stem Cells, a Working Hypothesis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:EMIDDT-EPUB-139081. [PMID: 38468535 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303283480240227113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease in which Spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 plays a key role in transferring virus genomic code into target cells. Spike protein, which is found on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, latches onto angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors (ACE2r) on target cells. The RNA genome of coronaviruses, with an average length of 29 kb, is the longest among all RNA viruses and comprises six to ten open reading frames (ORFs) responsible for encoding replicase and structural proteins for the virus. Each component of the viral genome is inserted into a helical nucleocapsid surrounded by a lipid bilayer. The Spike protein is responsible for damage to several organs and tissues, even leading to severe impairments and long-term disabilities. Spike protein could also be the cause of the long-term post-infectious conditions known as Long COVID-19, characterized by a group of unresponsive idiopathic severe neuro- and cardiovascular disorders, including strokes, cardiopathies, neuralgias, fibromyalgia, and Guillaume-Barret's like-disease. In this paper, we suggest a pervasive mechanism whereby the Spike proteins either from SARS-CoV-2 mRNA or mRNA vaccines, tend to enter the mature cells, and progenitor, multipotent, and pluripotent stem cells (SCs), altering the genome integrity. This will eventually lead to the production of newly affected clones and mature cells. The hypothesis presented in this paper proposes that the mRNA integration into DNA occurs through several components of the evolutionarily genetic mechanism such as retrotransposons and retrotransposition, LINE-1 or L1 (long interspersed element-1), and ORF-1 and 2 responsible for the generation of retrogenes. Once the integration phase is concluded, somatic cells, progenitor cells, and SCs employ different silencing mechanisms. DNA methylation, followed by histone modification, begins to generate unlimited lines of affected cells and clones that form affected tissues characterized by abnormal patterns that become targets of systemic immune cells, generating uncontrolled inflammatory conditions, as observed in both Long COVID-19 syndrome and the mRNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario G Balzanelli
- 118 SET, Department of Pre-hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74120 Taranto, Italy
| | - Reza Rastmanesh
- The Nutrition Society, Boyd Orr House, 10 Cambridge Court, 210 Shepherds Bush Road, London, UK
| | - Pietro Distratis
- 118 SET, Department of Pre-hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74120 Taranto, Ital
| | - Rita Lazzaro
- 118 SET, Department of Pre-hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74120 Taranto, Ital
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Del Prete
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Van H Pham
- Phan Chau Trinh University of Medicine, Quang Nam 70000, Vietnam
| | - Sergey K Aityan
- Northwestern University, Multidisciplinary Research Center; Oakland, CA 94612-USA
| | - Toai Tran Cong
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Kieu C D Nguyen
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
- 118 SET, Department of Pre-hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74120 Taranto, Italy
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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Inchingolo AM, Inchingolo AD, Mancini A, Gargiulo Isacco C, Balzanelli MG, Khachatur Aityan S, Reascu M, Ionescu TP, Florescu A, Comaneanu RM, Manole M, Baciu S, Lucaciu O, Bordea IR, Scarano A, Di Carmine MS, Lorusso F, Xhajanka E, Barbu HM, Corriero A, Favia G, Dipalma G, Inchingolo F. The experience of the rigid lockdown in the dental emergency room and urgency care during COVID-19 pandemic: a transnational multicenter observational study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:1708-1732. [PMID: 38497854 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202403_35585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on our lives all over the world. Changes have occurred in daily life as well as in all medical services. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the emergency accesses in four universities' emergency services during the lockdown period from March to June 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on 44,787 patients to evaluate the emergency services of university centers. The medical data of Medical Emergency Service Data (MESD) were assessed by five independent operators considering the epidemiological findings for statistics methods. RESULTS A lower level of emergency access was reported in March-July compared to the pre-COVID period. The epidemiological data confirmed that female pathologies were more frequent compared to male patients. A fluctuation for almost all urgent healthcare centers was detected, showing one/two peaks per year during the years 2017-2019. The COVID-19 pandemic period did not influence the variety of pathology detected. CONCLUSIONS After the lockdown period, the emergency services slowly increased in cases. The pre-COVID period showed an overlapping of the most frequent pathologies compared to the post-COVID period: periodontitis (Bari and Tirana), dental fractures (Bari and Bucharest), odontogenic abscess (Bari, Cluj and Tirana).
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, SET-118, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
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Le-Huy T, Balzanelli MG, Thai-Phuong P, Tran Thai T, Nguyen Vu Ngoc H, Tran Phuc L, Le Quoc T, Nguyen Thanh T, Nai Thanh T, Le Van T, Thi Bich LP, Lazzaro R, Distratis P, Dipalma G, Morolla R, Inchingolo AM, Dongiovanni L, Triggiano F, Santacroce L, Del Prete R, Serafini M, Palermo A, Cao Diem Nguyen K, Inchingolo F, Gargiulo Isacco C. A study survey on molnupiravir treatment in COVID-19 patients at home in Ninh Thuan province, Vietnam. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:433-443. [PMID: 38235897 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202401_34932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molnupiravir (MOV) is an oral antiviral drug that received use authorization in Vietnam for the treatment of mild COVID-19 (F0). There was a need to develop alternative approaches that allowed patients to access medication, decongest hospitals, clinics, and facilities, and protect people from infection. During the COVID-19 crisis, the Ninh Thuan Health Authorities implemented the home delivery of medication by community health workers. This study conducted in collaboration with two important Italian entities [the Aldo Moro University of Bari City and the 118 Department of Territorial Emergency System (118 SET) of Taranto City] aimed to evaluate the implementation of home delivery F0 treatment package assessing the rate of infection recovering during the coronavirus pandemic in Ninh Thuan province, Vietnam. PATIENTS AND METHODS A convergent mixed methods research, based on a longitudinal study with quantitative research and qualitative assessments, evaluated four implementation outcomes: the feasibility, fidelity, coverage, sustainability, and effectiveness of the initiative. Data sources included routinely collected data, a telephonic survey of patients, an analysis of set-up and recurrent costs, as well as descriptive exploratory qualitative and quantitative analysis. RESULTS After taking the MOV for 5 days, only 35 out of the initial 400 F0 patients remained positive, while 365 patients (91.2%) were negative (CT≥30). Whilst, the successful rate after using the drug during the course accounted for 99.85% and 100% after the entire treatment course, without any death. After 5 days of taking the drug, a positive test result (CT<30) was associated with age group ≥60 (OR=2.7) and comorbidities (OR=3.0) (p<0.05) compared to negative and positive results (CT≥30). Negative factors impacting F0 at home include a shortage of healthcare workers, inadequate supply of thermometers and SpO2 meters, and insufficient financial support for healthcare workers. CONCLUSIONS MOV caused a reduction in the risk of hospitalization or death in mild COVID-19 patients, and molnupiravir was also found to be well tolerated and safe without any major adverse events during the administration period.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Le-Huy
- Ninh Thuan General Hospital, Ninh Thuan City, Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam.
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Balzanelli MG, Distratis P, Lazzaro R, Pham VH, Del Prete R, Dipalma G, Inchingolo F, Aityan SK, Hoang LT, Palermo A, Nguyen KCD, Gargiulo Isacco C. The importance of arterial blood gas analysis as a systemic diagnosis approach in assessing and preventing chronic diseases, from emergency medicine to the daily practice. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:11653-11663. [PMID: 38095412 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Blood gas analysis is a diagnostic tool to evaluate the partial pressures of gas in blood and acid-base content. The use of blood gas analysis enables a clear understanding of respiratory, circulatory, and metabolic disorders. The arterial blood gas (ABG) explicitly analyzes blood taken from an artery, assessing the patient's partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) pH (acid/base). PaO2 indicates the oxygenation status, and PaCO2 indicates the ventilation status (chronic or acute respiratory failure). PaO2 is affected by hyperventilation, characterized by rapid or deep breathing, and hypoventilation, characterized by slow or shallow breathing. The acid-base balance tested by the ABG procedure measures the pH and PaCO2 directly, while the use of the Hasselbach equation gives the serum bicarbonate (HCO3) and base deficit or excess. The measured HCO3 is based on a strong alkali that frees all CO2 in serum, including dissolved CO2, carbamino compounds, and carbonic acid. The calculation uses a standard chemistry analysis, giving the amount of "total CO2"; the difference will amount to around 1.2 mmol/L. Though ABG is frequently ordered in emergency medicine contests for acute conditions, it may also be needed in other clinical settings. The ABG analysis shows to be an exceptional diagnostic tool, including the group of diseases known as acid-base diseases (ABDs), which include a great variety of conditions such as severe sepsis, septic shock, hypovolemic shock, diabetic ketoacidosis, renal tubular acidosis, chronic respiratory failure, chronic heart failure, and diverse metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Balzanelli
- Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SET-118, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Taranto, Italy.
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Saglietti F, Girombelli A, Marelli S, Vetrone F, Balzanelli MG, Tabaee Damavandi P. Role of Magnesium in the Intensive Care Unit and Immunomodulation: A Literature Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1122. [PMID: 37376511 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the role and the importance of magnesium in clinical practice have grown considerably in recent years. Emerging evidence suggests an association between loss of magnesium homeostasis and increased mortality in the critical care setting. The underlying mechanism is still unclear, but an increasing number of in vivo and in vitro studies on magnesium's immunomodulating capabilities may shed some light on the matter. This review aims to discuss the evidence behind magnesium homeostasis in critically ill patients, and its link with intensive care unit mortality via a likely magnesium-induced dysregulation of the immune response. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms, and their implications for clinical outcomes, are discussed. The available evidence strongly supports the crucial role of magnesium in immune system regulation and inflammatory response. The loss of magnesium homeostasis has been associated with an elevated risk of bacterial infections, exacerbated sepsis progression, and detrimental effects on the cardiac, respiratory, neurological, and renal systems, ultimately leading to increased mortality. However, magnesium supplementation has been shown to be beneficial in these conditions, highlighting the importance of maintaining adequate magnesium levels in the intensive care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saglietti
- Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Department of Emergency and Critical Care, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Girombelli
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive care and Emergency Medicine, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, 69000 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Marelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Vetrone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Mario G Balzanelli
- Department of Prehospital Emergency Medicine, ASL TA, Italian Society of Prehospital Emergency Medicine (SIS 118), 74121 Taranto, Italy
| | - Payam Tabaee Damavandi
- Department of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, School of Medicine and Surgery, Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Pham VH, Pham HT, Balzanelli MG, Distratis P, Lazzaro R, Nguyen QV, Tran VQ, Tran DK, Phan LD, Pham SM, Pham BT, Duc CV, Nguyen HM, Nguyen DNT, Tran NV, Pham ST, Queck C, Nguyen KDC, Inchingolo F, Del Prete R, Nguyen NHD, Santacroce L, Gargiulo Isacco C. Multiplex RT Real-Time PCR Based on Target Failure to Detect and Identify Different Variants of SARS-CoV-2: A Feasible Method That Can Be Applied in Clinical Laboratories. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13081364. [PMID: 37189465 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Shortly after its emergence, Omicron and its sub-variants have quickly replaced the Delta variant during the current COVID-19 outbreaks in Vietnam and around the world. To enable the rapid and timely detection of existing and future variants for epidemiological surveillance and diagnostic applications, a robust, economical real-time PCR method that can specifically and sensitively detect and identify multiple different circulating variants is needed. The principle of target- failure (TF) real-time PCR is simple. If a target contains a deletion mutation, then there is a mismatch with the primer or probe, and the real-time PCR will fail to amplify the target. In this study, we designed and evaluated a novel multiplex RT real-time PCR (MPL RT-rPCR) based on the principle of target failure to detect and identify different variants of SARS-CoV-2 directly from the nasopharyngeal swabs collected from COVID-19 suspected cases. The primers and probes were designed based on the specific deletion mutations of current circulating variants. To evaluate the results from the MPL RT-rPCR, this study also designed nine pairs of primers for amplifying and sequencing of nine fragments from the S gene containing mutations of known variants. We demonstrated that (i) our MPL RT-rPCR was able to accurately detect multiple variants that existed in a single sample; (ii) the limit of detection of the MPL RT-rPCR in the detection of the variants ranged from 1 to 10 copies for Omicron BA.2 and BA.5, and from 10 to 100 copies for Delta, Omicron BA.1, recombination of BA.1 and BA.2, and BA.4; (iii) between January and September 2022, Omicron BA.1 emerged and co-existed with the Delta variant during the early period, both of which were rapidly replaced by Omicron BA.2, and this was followed by Omicron BA.5 as the dominant variant toward the later period. Our results showed that SARS-CoV-2 variants rapidly evolved within a short period of time, proving the importance of a robust, economical, and easy-to-access method not just for epidemiological surveillance but also for diagnoses around the world where SARS-CoV-2 variants remain the WHO's highest health concern. Our highly sensitive and specific MPL RT-rPCR is considered suitable for further implementation in many laboratories, especially in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Hung Pham
- Department of Microbiology, Phan Chau Trinh University, Dien Ban 550000, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thien Pham
- International Research Institute of Gene and Immunology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Mario G Balzanelli
- SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74010 Taranto, Italy
| | - Pietro Distratis
- SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74010 Taranto, Italy
| | - Rita Lazzaro
- SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74010 Taranto, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Luan Duy Phan
- Nam Khoa Co., Ltd., Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Chien Vo Duc
- Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ha Minh Nguyen
- Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | | | - Ngoc Van Tran
- HCMC Society of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | | | - Camelia Queck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Kieu Diem Cao Nguyen
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dentistry, Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dentistry, Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Del Prete
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dentistry, Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Nam Hai Dinh Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, Phan Chau Trinh University, Dien Ban 550000, Vietnam
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dentistry, Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dentistry, Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy
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Huynh TD, Nguyen HK, Inchingolo AM, Bao Tran HL, Dipalma G, Mancini A, Cao Diem Nguyen K, Balzanelli MG, Distratis P, Lazzaro R, Nguyen Ho TA, Serlenga EM, Hung Pham V, Romanos G, Nguyen BT, Rapone B, Inchingolo F, Isacco Gargiulo C, Cong Tran T. Soft tissue regeneration in animal models using grafts from adipose mesenchymal stem cells and peripheral blood fibrin gel. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:3670-3680. [PMID: 37140317 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202304_32161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of soft tissue regeneration in nude mice using grafts made from the combination of adipocytes from fat tissue mesenchymal stem cells and fibrin gel from peripheral blood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from adipose tissue and identified according to ISCT criteria. The scaffold used was fibrin obtained from peripheral blood. The grafts in this study were generated by transferring mesenchymal stem cells onto a fibrin scaffold. Two types of grafts, the research sample (fibrin scaffold containing adipocytes differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells) and the control sample (fibrin scaffold only), were grafted under the dorsal skin of the same mouse. After each research period, samples were collected and evaluated by histological methods to observe the existence and growth of cells inside the grafts. RESULTS The results showed that the study group's graft integrated better within the tissue when compared with the control group. In addition, the grafts in the study group showed the presence of cells with characteristic morphology of adipocytes one week after transplantation. In contrast, control samples showed dimorphous shapes and features mainly composed of non-homogenous fragments. CONCLUSIONS These initial conclusions might be considered a first step in generating safe bio-compatible engineered grafts specifically usable in post-traumatic tissue regeneration procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Huynh
- Department of Histology, Embryology, and Genetics, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Isacco CG, Nguyen KC, Pham VH, Di Palma G, Aityan SK, Tomassone D, Distratis P, Lazzaro R, Balzanelli MG, Inchingolo F. Bone decay and diabetes type 2 in searching for a link. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:904-910. [PMID: 35331127 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220324150327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M.) of Bari University of Medicine Aldo Moro, Bari City Italy
| | - Kieu Cd Nguyen
- 118 Pre-Hospital and Emergency Department, SG Moscati Hospital, ASL Taranto, Italy
| | - Van H Pham
- Phan Chau Trinh University of Medicine Hoi An City Vietnam
| | - Gianna Di Palma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M.) of Bari University of Medicine Aldo Moro, Bari City Italy
| | | | - Diego Tomassone
- Foundation of Physics Research Center (FoPRC), Celico-CS, Italy
| | - Pietro Distratis
- 118 Pre-Hospital and Emergency Department, SG Moscati Hospital, ASL Taranto, Italy
| | - Rita Lazzaro
- 118 Pre-Hospital and Emergency Department, SG Moscati Hospital, ASL Taranto, Italy
| | - Mario G Balzanelli
- 118 Pre-Hospital and Emergency Department, SG Moscati Hospital, ASL Taranto, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M.) of Bari University of Medicine Aldo Moro, Bari City Italy
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Balzanelli MG, Lazzaro R, Distratis P, Ferrarese G, Buonomo A, Rollo V, Pascarella G, Piliego C, Agrò FE. Consequences of compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed by bystanders under telephone instructions in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Minerva Anestesiol 2019; 86:354-355. [PMID: 31818085 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.19.14036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario G Balzanelli
- Pre-hospital Emergency Care 118, ASL Taranto, Taranto, Italy.,School of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Lazzaro
- Pre-hospital Emergency Care 118, ASL Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Rollo
- Pre-hospital Emergency Care 118, ASL Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pascarella
- Unit of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Piliego
- Unit of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice E Agrò
- Unit of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy -
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Miniello S, Testini M, Balzanelli MG, Cristallo G. [Coagulation disorders following severe trauma: surgeon's role in prevention]. Ann Ital Chir 2004; 75:293-7. [PMID: 15605516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe trauma must be considered a "systemic disease" that could lead to severe systemic complications. PHYSIOPATHOLOGIC IMPLICATIONS Coagulation disorders are present in most trauma patients as hemorrhagic disorder, thrombosis, or like in DIC, with both coexistent phenomenon. Trauma determine the activations of intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways, and of platelets. Intrinsic pathway activation induce a pro-coagulant function and the activation of fibrinolytic system. Both system activation explain low incidence of deep venous thrombosis. Post-traumatic activation of extrinsic coagulation lead to thrombin and fibrin production. In trauma patients platelets activation is related to endothelial damage, exposition of collagen, interaction with PAF and presence of microorganisms. Post-traumatic DIC is characterized by procoagulant factors activation, with intravascular deposit of fibrin and thrombosis, and by hemorrhagic disorders due to consumption of platelet and procoagulant factors. Lower levels of antithrombin III, in trauma patients, are strictly related to severity of damage and shock. Coagulation disorders related to sepsis, that often complicate trauma, are added to those determined by trauma, with a negative synergic effect. Medical treatment with massive infusion of colloid and crystalloid solution, and fluid, and massive transfusion of plasma and red blood cells can determine dilutional thrombocytopenia, reduced activity of coagulation factors and reduced haemostatic activity of RBC due to excessive haemodilution--Hct <20%. PREVENTION STRATEGY To avoid post-traumatic coagulation disorders is important to prevent sepsis, thrombocytopenia and reduced activity of coagulation factors and of RBC, as well as prevent and immediately treat shock. The early use of high dose antithrombin concentrate, is important to prevent DIC and MOFS, and administer subcutaneous or intravenous heparin, in absence of hemorrhagic disorders that contraindicate its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Miniello
- Università degli Studi di Bari, Dipartimento per le Applicazioni in Chirurgia delle Tecnologie Innovative, Sezione di Chirurgia Generale e Vascolare e Oncologia Clinica, Italia.
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Coraggio F, Rotondano G, Marmo R, Balzanelli MG, Catalano A, Clemente F, Moccia F, Parola PC. Somatostatin in the prevention of recurrent bleeding after endoscopic haemostasis of peptic ulcer haemorrhage: a preliminary report. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 10:673-6. [PMID: 9744696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although endoscopic injection therapy provides excellent initial haemostasis in actively bleeding ulcers, the incidence of recurrent haemorrhage is not negligible. The aim of this study was to compare somatostatin, omeprazole and ranitidine in preventing further haemorrhage after endoscopic injection haemostasis. METHODS Seventy-three patients with major stigmata of ulcer haemorrhage at endoscopy were treated with epinephrine injection and randomly assigned to receive either omeprazole (n = 24) or ranitidine (n = 24) or somatostatin (n = 25). The three groups were similar in all background variables including mean age, clinical and endoscopic features, severity of bleeding and timing of the haemostatic procedure. All patients underwent a second endoscopic look at 48 h. Failures of treatment or retreatment underwent emergency surgery. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of initial haemostasis, need for emergency surgery, transfusion requirements, length of hospital stay or mortality. Early recurrent haemorrhage was 5/22 (22.7%) in the ranitidine group, 5/23 (21.7%) in the omeprazole group and 2/23 (8.7%) in the somatostatin group. No major side-effect was noted with drug therapy. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary results suggest that somatostatin might be more effective than ranitidine and omeprazole in the prevention of recurrent haemorrhage following endoscopic injection therapy of bleeding peptic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Coraggio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
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