1
|
Murie CJG, Lebrato M, Lawrence A, Brown J, Gavard L, Bowles KR, Jije MG, Dicken M, Oliver SP. A Mozambican marine protected area provides important habitat for vulnerable pelagic sharks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6454. [PMID: 37081058 PMCID: PMC10119319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelagic sharks play key roles in marine ecosystems, but are increasingly threatened by human extraction, habitat degradation and mismanagement. We investigated the use of protected and unprotected coastal habitats by bull (Carcharhinus leucas) and oceanic blacktip (Carcharhinus limbatus) sharks in southern Mozambique. Five INNOVASEA VR2W-69 kHz acoustic receivers were positioned in the Bazaruto Archipelago National Park (BANP) as well as one to the south of the park's boundaries. Seven receivers were also deployed 250 km south in the Inhambane estuary and on reef sites off Praia de Tofo. Twelve bull, and six oceanic blacktip sharks, were fitted with INNOVASEA V16 acoustic tags, which generated 933 detections of bull and 12,381 detections of oceanic blacktip sharks over a period of 1391 days. A generalised additive model was used to estimate the effects of seven spatiotemporal and environmental parameters on the frequency of each species' detections. In general, calculated residency indices were highest around the locations monitored in the BANP and one unprotected location off Tofo. Both species were more abundant across the monitored sites, during the summer when water temperatures were ~ 27 °C, when the moon was < 50% illuminated, and when the tide was rising. Detections coincided with each species' reproductive season indicating that both species may be reproductively active in the BANP region. Oceanic blacktip sharks were largely resident and so fisheries management may significantly benefit their population(s) around certain reef habitats in the BANP. The low residency and seasonal detections of bull sharks indicates that they may be transient and so effective conservation may require coordination between regional fisheries managers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calum J G Murie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, CH1 4BJ, UK.
- Underwater Africa, Tofo, Inhambane, Mozambique.
| | - Mario Lebrato
- Bazaruto Centre for Scientific Studies (BCSS), Bazaruto Archipelago, Inhambane, Mozambique
| | - Andrew Lawrence
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, CH1 4BJ, UK
| | - James Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, CH1 4BJ, UK
| | | | - Karen R Bowles
- Bazaruto Centre for Scientific Studies (BCSS), Bazaruto Archipelago, Inhambane, Mozambique
| | - Mauro G Jije
- Bazaruto Centre for Scientific Studies (BCSS), Bazaruto Archipelago, Inhambane, Mozambique
| | - Matt Dicken
- KwaZulu Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 4320, South Africa
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Simon P Oliver
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, CH1 4BJ, UK.
- The Thresher Shark Research and Conservation Project, Malapascua Island, Cebu, The Philippines.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang YV, Larsen T, Lebrato M, Tseng L, Lee P, Sánchez N, Molinero J, Hwang J, Chan T, Garbe‐Schönberg D. Foraging under extreme events: Contrasting adaptations by benthic macrofauna to drastic biogeochemical disturbance. Funct Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming V. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for the Geoanthropology Jena Germany
| | - Thomas Larsen
- Max Planck Institute for the Geoanthropology Jena Germany
| | - Mario Lebrato
- Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University Kiel Germany
| | - Li‐Chun Tseng
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Wen Lee
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan
| | - Nicolás Sánchez
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Juan‐Carlos Molinero
- MARBEC ‐ Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation, (IRD/CNRS/IFREMER/Univ Montpellier) Sète Cedex France
| | - Jiang‐Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, No. 2, Beining Road National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan
| | - Tin‐Yam Chan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lebrato M, Wang YV, Tseng LC, Achterberg EP, Chen XG, Molinero JC, Bremer K, Westernströer U, Söding E, Dahms HU, Küter M, Heinath V, Jöhnck J, Konstantinou KI, Yang YJ, Hwang JS, Garbe-Schönberg D. Earthquake and typhoon trigger unprecedented transient shifts in shallow hydrothermal vents biogeochemistry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16926. [PMID: 31729442 PMCID: PMC6858458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Shallow hydrothermal vents are of pivotal relevance for ocean biogeochemical cycles, including seawater dissolved heavy metals and trace elements as well as the carbonate system balance. The Kueishan Tao (KST) stratovolcano off Taiwan is associated with numerous hydrothermal vents emitting warm sulfur-rich fluids at so-called White Vents (WV) and Yellow Vent (YV) that impact the surrounding seawater masses and habitats. The morphological and biogeochemical consequences caused by a M5.8 earthquake and a C5 typhoon (“Nepartak”) hitting KST (12th May, and 2nd–10th July, 2016) were studied within a 10-year time series (2009–2018) combining aerial drone imagery, technical diving, and hydrographic surveys. The catastrophic disturbances triggered landslides that reshaped the shoreline, burying the seabed and, as a consequence, native sulfur accretions that were abundant on the seafloor disappeared. A significant reduction in venting activity and fluid flow was observed at the high-temperature YV. Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) maxima in surrounding seawater reached 3000–5000 µmol kg−1, and Total Alkalinity (TA) drawdowns were below 1500–1000 µmol kg−1 lasting for one year. A strong decrease and, in some cases, depletion of dissolved elements (Cd, Ba, Tl, Pb, Fe, Cu, As) including Mg and Cl in seawater from shallow depths to the open ocean followed the disturbance, with a recovery of Mg and Cl to pre-disturbance concentrations in 2018. The WV and YV benthic megafauna exhibited mixed responses in their skeleton Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios, not always following directions of seawater chemical changes. Over 70% of the organisms increased skeleton Mg:Ca ratio during rising DIC (higher CO2) despite decreasing seawater Mg:Ca ratios showing a high level of resilience. KST benthic organisms have historically co-existed with such events providing them ecological advantages under extreme conditions. The sudden and catastrophic changes observed at the KST site profoundly reshaped biogeochemical processes in shallow and offshore waters for one year, but they remained transient in nature, with a possible recovery of the system within two years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lebrato
- Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University (CAU), Kiel, Germany. .,Bazaruto Center for Scientific Studies (BCSS), Benguerra Island, Mozambique.
| | - Yiming V Wang
- Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University (CAU), Kiel, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Li-Chun Tseng
- National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | | | - Xue-Gang Chen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan City, China
| | - Juan-Carlos Molinero
- Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University (CAU), Kiel, Germany.,Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), IRD/CNRS/IFREMER/University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Bremer
- Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Emanuel Söding
- Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Marie Küter
- Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | - Verena Heinath
- Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | - Janika Jöhnck
- Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Dieter Garbe-Schönberg
- Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University (CAU), Kiel, Germany.,Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Courtney TA, Lebrato M, Bates NR, Collins A, de Putron SJ, Garley R, Johnson R, Molinero JC, Noyes TJ, Sabine CL, Andersson AJ. Environmental controls on modern scleractinian coral and reef-scale calcification. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1701356. [PMID: 29134196 PMCID: PMC5677334 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Modern reef-building corals sustain a wide range of ecosystem services because of their ability to build calcium carbonate reef systems. The influence of environmental variables on coral calcification rates has been extensively studied, but our understanding of their relative importance is limited by the absence of in situ observations and the ability to decouple the interactions between different properties. We show that temperature is the primary driver of coral colony (Porites astreoides and Diploria labyrinthiformis) and reef-scale calcification rates over a 2-year monitoring period from the Bermuda coral reef. On the basis of multimodel climate simulations (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) and assuming sufficient coral nutrition, our results suggest that P. astreoides and D. labyrinthiformis coral calcification rates in Bermuda could increase throughout the 21st century as a result of gradual warming predicted under a minimum CO2 emissions pathway [representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6] with positive 21st-century calcification rates potentially maintained under a reduced CO2 emissions pathway (RCP 4.5). These results highlight the potential benefits of rapid reductions in global anthropogenic CO2 emissions for 21st-century Bermuda coral reefs and the ecosystem services they provide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis A. Courtney
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mario Lebrato
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicholas R. Bates
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, St. George’s, Bermuda
- Department of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew Collins
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, St. George’s, Bermuda
| | | | - Rebecca Garley
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, St. George’s, Bermuda
| | - Rod Johnson
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, St. George’s, Bermuda
| | - Juan-Carlos Molinero
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research, Marine Ecology/Food Webs, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Christopher L. Sabine
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Andreas J. Andersson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iglesias-Rodriguez MD, Jones BM, Blanco-Ameijeiras S, Greaves M, Huete-Ortega M, Lebrato M. Physiological responses of coccolithophores to abrupt exposure of naturally low pH deep seawater. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181713. [PMID: 28750008 PMCID: PMC5531516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upwelling is the process by which deep, cold, relatively high-CO2, nutrient-rich seawater rises to the sunlit surface of the ocean. This seasonal process has fueled geoengineering initiatives to fertilize the surface ocean with deep seawater to enhance productivity and thus promote the drawdown of CO2. Coccolithophores, which inhabit many upwelling regions naturally 'fertilized' by deep seawater, have been investigated in the laboratory in the context of ocean acidification to determine the extent to which nutrients and CO2 impact their physiology, but few data exist in the field except from mesocosms. Here, we used the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (north Atlantic Ocean) Observatory to retrieve seawater from depths with elevated CO2 and nutrients, mimicking geoengineering approaches. We tested the effects of abrupt natural deep seawater fertilization on the physiology and biogeochemistry of two strains of Emiliania huxleyi of known physiology. None of the strains tested underwent cell divisions when incubated in waters obtained from <1,000 m (pH = 7.99-8.08; CO2 = 373-485 p.p.m; 1.5-12 μM nitrate). However, growth was promoted in both strains when cells were incubated in seawater from ~1,000 m (pH = 7.9; CO2 ~560 p.p.m.; 14-17 μM nitrate) and ~4,800 m (pH = 7.9; CO2 ~600 p.p.m.; 21 μM nitrate). Emiliania huxleyi strain CCMP 88E showed no differences in growth rate or in cellular content or production rates of particulate organic (POC) and inorganic (PIC) carbon and cellular particulate organic nitrogen (PON) between treatments using water from 1,000 m and 4,800 m. However, despite the N:P ratio of seawater being comparable in water from ~1,000 and ~4,800 m, the PON production rates were three times lower in one incubation using water from ~1,000 m compared to values observed in water from ~4,800 m. Thus, the POC:PON ratios were threefold higher in cells that were incubated in ~1,000 m seawater. The heavily calcified strain NZEH exhibited lower growth rates and PIC production rates when incubated in water from ~4,800 m compared to ~1,000 m, while cellular PIC, POC and PON were higher in water from 4,800 m. Calcite Sr/Ca ratios increased with depth despite constant seawater Sr/Ca, indicating that upwelling changes coccolith geochemistry. Our study provides the first experimental and field trial of a geoengineering approach to test how deep seawater impacts coccolithophore physiological and biogeochemical properties. Given that coccolithophore growth was only stimulated using waters obtained from >1,000 m, artificial upwelling using shallower waters may not be a suitable approach for promoting carbon sequestration for some locations and assemblages, and should therefore be investigated on a site-by-site basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America.,Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan M Jones
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Sonia Blanco-Ameijeiras
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, 66 Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mervyn Greaves
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Huete-Ortega
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield United Kingdom.,Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mario Lebrato
- Department of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU), Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Marine Ecology, GEOMAR, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Blanco-Ameijeiras S, Lebrato M, Stoll HM, Iglesias-Rodriguez D, Müller MN, Méndez-Vicente A, Oschlies A. Phenotypic Variability in the Coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157697. [PMID: 27348427 PMCID: PMC4922559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccolithophores are a vital part of oceanic phytoplankton assemblages that produce organic matter and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) containing traces of other elements (i.e. Sr and Mg). Their associated carbon export from the euphotic zone to the oceans' interior plays a crucial role in CO2 feedback mechanisms and biogeochemical cycles. The coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi has been widely studied as a model organism to understand physiological, biogeochemical, and ecological processes in marine sciences. Here, we show the inter-strain variability in physiological and biogeochemical traits in 13 strains of E. huxleyi from various biogeographical provinces obtained from culture collections commonly used in the literature. Our results demonstrate that inter-strain genetic variability has greater potential to induce larger phenotypic differences than the phenotypic plasticity of single strains cultured under a broad range of variable environmental conditions. The range of variation found in physiological parameters and calcite Sr:Ca highlights the need to reconsider phenotypic variability in paleoproxy calibrations and model parameterizations to adequately translate findings from single strain laboratory experiments to the real ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Blanco-Ameijeiras
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, European Way, SO14 3ZH Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Lebrato
- Kiel University (CAU), Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Heather M. Stoll
- Department of Geology, University of Oviedo, Arias de Velasco s/n, 33005 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, United States of America
| | - Marius N. Müller
- Oceanographic Institute at the University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Ana Méndez-Vicente
- Department of Geology, University of Oviedo, Arias de Velasco s/n, 33005 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Andreas Oschlies
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sett S, Bach LT, Schulz KG, Koch-Klavsen S, Lebrato M, Riebesell U. Temperature modulates coccolithophorid sensitivity of growth, photosynthesis and calcification to increasing seawater pCO₂. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88308. [PMID: 24505472 PMCID: PMC3914986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations are expected to impact pelagic ecosystem functioning in the near future by driving ocean warming and acidification. While numerous studies have investigated impacts of rising temperature and seawater acidification on planktonic organisms separately, little is presently known on their combined effects. To test for possible synergistic effects we exposed two coccolithophore species, Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica, to a CO2 gradient ranging from ∼0.5–250 µmol kg−1 (i.e. ∼20–6000 µatm pCO2) at three different temperatures (i.e. 10, 15, 20°C for E. huxleyi and 15, 20, 25°C for G. oceanica). Both species showed CO2-dependent optimum-curve responses for growth, photosynthesis and calcification rates at all temperatures. Increased temperature generally enhanced growth and production rates and modified sensitivities of metabolic processes to increasing CO2. CO2 optimum concentrations for growth, calcification, and organic carbon fixation rates were only marginally influenced from low to intermediate temperatures. However, there was a clear optimum shift towards higher CO2 concentrations from intermediate to high temperatures in both species. Our results demonstrate that the CO2 concentration where optimum growth, calcification and carbon fixation rates occur is modulated by temperature. Thus, the response of a coccolithophore strain to ocean acidification at a given temperature can be negative, neutral or positive depending on that strain's temperature optimum. This emphasizes that the cellular responses of coccolithophores to ocean acidification can only be judged accurately when interpreted in the proper eco-physiological context of a given strain or species. Addressing the synergistic effects of changing carbonate chemistry and temperature is an essential step when assessing the success of coccolithophores in the future ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett Sett
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Lennart T. Bach
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai G. Schulz
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Signe Koch-Klavsen
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mario Lebrato
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lebrato M, Molinero JC, Cartes JE, Lloris D, Mélin F, Beni-Casadella L. Sinking jelly-carbon unveils potential environmental variability along a continental margin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82070. [PMID: 24367499 PMCID: PMC3867349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter export fuels benthic ecosystems in continental margins and the deep sea, removing carbon from the upper ocean. Gelatinous zooplankton biomass provides a fast carbon vector that has been poorly studied. Observational data of a large-scale benthic trawling survey from 1994 to 2005 provided a unique opportunity to quantify jelly-carbon along an entire continental margin in the Mediterranean Sea and to assess potential links with biological and physical variables. Biomass depositions were sampled in shelves, slopes and canyons with peaks above 1000 carcasses per trawl, translating to standing stock values between 0.3 and 1.4 mg C m2 after trawling and integrating between 30,000 and 175,000 m2 of seabed. The benthopelagic jelly-carbon spatial distribution from the shelf to the canyons may be explained by atmospheric forcing related with NAO events and dense shelf water cascading, which are both known from the open Mediterranean. Over the decadal scale, we show that the jelly-carbon depositions temporal variability paralleled hydroclimate modifications, and that the enhanced jelly-carbon deposits are connected to a temperature-driven system where chlorophyll plays a minor role. Our results highlight the importance of gelatinous groups as indicators of large-scale ecosystem change, where jelly-carbon depositions play an important role in carbon and energy transport to benthic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lebrato
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany
- Department of Geosciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Juan-Carlos Molinero
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany
| | - Joan E. Cartes
- Institut de Ciències del Mar de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domingo Lloris
- Institut de Ciències del Mar de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rouco M, Branson O, Lebrato M, Iglesias-Rodríguez MD. The effect of nitrate and phosphate availability on Emiliania huxleyi (NZEH) physiology under different CO2 scenarios. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:155. [PMID: 23785363 PMCID: PMC3684784 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth and calcification of the marine coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi is affected by ocean acidification and macronutrients limitation and its response varies between strains. Here we investigated the physiological performance of a highly calcified E. huxleyi strain, NZEH, in a multiparametric experiment. Cells were exposed to different CO2 levels (ranging from 250 to 1314 μatm) under three nutrient conditions [nutrient replete (R), nitrate limited (-N), and phosphate limited (-P)]. We focused on calcite and organic carbon quotas and on nitrate and phosphate utilization by analyzing the activity of nitrate reductase (NRase) and alkaline phosphatase (APase), respectively. Particulate inorganic (PIC) and organic (POC) carbon quotas increased with increasing CO2 under R conditions but a different pattern was observed under nutrient limitation. The PIC:POC ratio decreased with increasing CO2 in nutrient limited cultures. Coccolith length increased with CO2 under all nutrient conditions but the coccosphere volume varied depending on the nutrient treatment. Maximum APase activity was found at 561 μatm of CO2 (pH 7.92) in -P cultures and in R conditions, NRase activity increased linearly with CO2. These results suggest that E. huxleyi's competitive ability for nutrient uptake might be altered in future high-CO2 oceans. The combined dataset will be useful in model parameterizations of the carbon cycle and ocean acidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rouco
- National Oceanography Centre Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Oscar Branson
- National Oceanography Centre Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Mario Lebrato
- GEOMAR. Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKiel, Germany
| | - M. Débora Iglesias-Rodríguez
- National Oceanography Centre Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa BarbaraSanta Barbara, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lebrato M, McClintock JB, Amsler MO, Ries JB, Egilsdottir H, Lamare M, Amsler CD, Challener RC, Schram JB, Mah CL, Cuce J, Baker BJ. From the Arctic to the Antarctic: the major, minor, and trace elemental composition of echinoderm skeletons. Ecology 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/12-1950.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
11
|
Lucas CH, Pitt KA, Purcell JE, Lebrato M, Condon RH. What's in a jellyfish? Proximate and elemental composition and biometric relationships for use in biogeochemical studies. Ecology 2011. [DOI: 10.1890/11-0302.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
12
|
Lebrato M, Iglesias-Rodríguez D, Feely RA, Greeley D, Jones DOB, Suarez-Bosche N, Lampitt RS, Cartes JE, Green DRH, Alker B. Global contribution of echinoderms to the marine carbon cycle: CaCO3budget and benthic compartments. ECOL MONOGR 2010. [DOI: 10.1890/09-0553.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|