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Norman H, Marzano L, Oskis A, Coulson M. " My Heart and My Brain Is What's Bleeding, These Are Just Cuts." An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Young Women's Experiences of Self-Harm. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:914109. [PMID: 35911219 PMCID: PMC9330153 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.914109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Engagement in self-harm, defined as intentional self-poisoning or self-injury irrespective of the apparent purpose of the act, is increasing, particularly among girls and young women. Understanding the behavior from the perspective of those who self-harm is, therefore, vital in designing effective interventions and treatments. The current brief research report presents a key theme from an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the experience of self-harm among eight young women, aged between 18 and 29. The theme Is Self-Harm Bad? concerns the way in which participants both acknowledged and resisted a negative conception of self-harm that was often constructed from other people's attitudes. Three subthemes explore the reasons why participants were reluctant to endorse self-harm as bad: Self-Harm is the Symptom, Self-Harm Works (Until it Doesn't) and Self-Harm is Part of Me. The findings highlight the disparity between the characterization of self-harm as a highly risky behavior and the lived experience of self-harm as a functional means of emotion regulation. From a clinical perspective, the findings explored in this brief report suggest that highlighting the risks of self-harm may not be a sufficient deterrent. The recently revised draft National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance recommends that everyone presenting to hospital following self-harm should be given a comprehensive psychosocial assessment, of which the function is, in part, to understand why the person has self-harmed. The current study underlines the importance of seeing past the behavior to the underlying causes and exploring the meaning of self-harm to the individual in order to implement effective preventative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Norman
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Marzano
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Oskis
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Coulson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Coulson
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woollongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Norman H, Marzano L, Oskis A, Coulson M. The relationship between alexithymia and self-harm: The mediating role of mindfulness. Curr Psychol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Korko M, Coulson M, Jones A, de Mornay Davies P. Types of interference and their resolution in monolingual word production. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 214:103251. [PMID: 33485153 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that speakers recruit inhibitory control in situations of high within-language interference, e.g., when selecting from among competing lexical entries or when tailoring utterances to the communicative needs of the addressee. However, little is known about the types of cognitive control mechanisms that are involved in the speech production process. This study examines the relative contribution of various forms of interference arising at different stages of information processing as well as their control to object naming under conditions of prepotent and underdetermined competition. Eighty-nine unimpaired native English speakers completed three inhibitory control tasks (arrow flanker, Simon arrow and anti-saccade) and two object naming tasks (picture-word interference, PWI, and name agreement, NA). Analyses of mean RT and RT distribution (delta plots) showed that only the flanker effect was a significant predictor of the PWI but not NA effect, while the remaining inhibitory measures made no significant contribution to either the PWI or NA effect. Participants with smaller flanker effects, indicative of better resolution of representational conflict, were faster to name objects in the face of competing stimuli. The pattern of results suggests that delays in production can be an outcome of inefficient resolution of interference traced to intermediate rather than late stages of processing, at least as far as the PWI task is concerned.
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Coster S, Gould RL, Coulson M, Norman IJ. An online mindfulness intervention to enhance compassion in nursing practice: A feasibility and acceptability study with nursing students. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2020.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Jones A, Silas J, Todd J, Stewart A, Acree M, Coulson M, Mehling WE. Exploring the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness in youth aged 7-17 years. J Clin Psychol 2020; 77:661-682. [PMID: 33035384 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to adapt the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) questionnaire for younger respondents. METHOD The language of the MAIA was revised and children aged 7-10 years (n = 212) and adolescents aged 11-17 years (n = 217) completed the questionnaire. RESULTS The original eight-factor model was tested for fit using confirmatory factor analysis. The model had an acceptable fit in the total sample and younger subsample and overall fit in the older subsample was adequate following modification. Internal consistency was good, except for the Noticing, Not-Distracting and Not-Worrying scales. Results also demonstrated a negative linear relationship between the trusting scale and age, suggesting that youths may lose trust in their body as they age. CONCLUSION The adapted MAIA can be used with a younger population and, depending on the research question, individual MAIA scales may be selected. The survey is available at https://osher.ucsf.edu/maia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jones
- Department of Psychology, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Silas
- Department of Psychology, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Todd
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anita Stewart
- Institute for Health and Aging, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Acree
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark Coulson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK
| | - Wolf E Mehling
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Norman H, Oskis A, Marzano L, Coulson M. The relationship between self‐harm and alexithymia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Scand J Psychol 2020; 61:855-876. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Norman
- Faculty of Science and Technology Middlesex University London UK
| | - Andrea Oskis
- Faculty of Science and Technology Middlesex University London UK
| | - Lisa Marzano
- Faculty of Science and Technology Middlesex University London UK
| | - Mark Coulson
- School of Psychology University of East Anglia Norwich UK
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Rodriguez Barreto D, Garcia de Leaniz C, Verspoor E, Sobolewska H, Coulson M, Consuegra S. DNA Methylation Changes in the Sperm of Captive-Reared Fish: A Route to Epigenetic Introgression in Wild Populations. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 36:2205-2211. [PMID: 31180510 PMCID: PMC6759066 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interbreeding between hatchery-reared and wild fish, through deliberate stocking or escapes from fish farms, can result in rapid phenotypic and gene expression changes in hybrids, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We assessed if one generation of captive breeding was sufficient to generate inter- and/or transgenerational epigenetic modifications in Atlantic salmon. We found that the sperm of wild and captive-reared males differed in methylated regions consistent with early epigenetic signatures of domestication. Some of the epigenetic marks that differed between hatchery and wild males affected genes related to transcription, neural development, olfaction, and aggression, and were maintained in the offspring beyond developmental reprogramming. Our findings suggest that rearing in captivity may trigger epigenetic modifications in the sperm of hatchery fish that could explain the rapid phenotypic and genetic changes observed among hybrid fish. Epigenetic introgression via fish sperm represents a previously unappreciated mechanism that could compromise locally adapted fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Verspoor
- Rivers and Lochs Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness College, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Halina Sobolewska
- Noahgene Ltd, The e-Centre, Cooperage Way Business Village, Alloa, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Coulson
- Rivers and Lochs Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness College, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Consuegra
- Biosciences Department, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Norman H, Marzano L, Coulson M, Oskis A. Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on alexithymia: a systematic review. Evid Based Ment Health 2019; 22:36-43. [PMID: 30077988 PMCID: PMC10270453 DOI: 10.1136/ebmental-2018-300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
QUESTION Alexithymia has been found to be modifiable through treatment, with associated clinical benefits. Recent studies have begun to test the potential of mindfulness-based interventions to reduce alexithymia, using skills-based, group training to improve non-judgemental, present-moment awareness. The objective of this review therefore was to conduct a systematic synthesis to assess the current state of knowledge about the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on alexithymia to inform clinical practice. STUDY SELECTION AND ANALYSIS We carried out a systematic review of the literature and found four randomised controlled trials of the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on alexithymia, with a combined total of 460 participants. FINDINGS A random-effects meta-analysis, combining study endpoint data, showed a statistically significant effect of mindfulness-based treatment on alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale) compared with the control group (mean difference=-5.28, 95% CI -9.28 to -1.28, p=0.010). Subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate sources of heterogeneity (I2=52%). Heterogeneity was reduced when the meta-analysis was restricted to interventions of a similar duration (3 months or less). CONCLUSIONS Findings from our study should be replicated in further research with larger samples; however, the results indicate that mindfulness-based interventions may be an effective treatment in reducing alexithymia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Norman
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Lisa Marzano
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Mark Coulson
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Andrea Oskis
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK
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van Rooij AJ, Ferguson CJ, Colder Carras M, Kardefelt-Winther D, Shi J, Aarseth E, Bean AM, Bergmark KH, Brus A, Coulson M, Deleuze J, Dullur P, Dunkels E, Edman J, Elson M, Etchells PJ, Fiskaali A, Granic I, Jansz J, Karlsen F, Kaye LK, Kirsh B, Lieberoth A, Markey P, Mills KL, Nielsen RKL, Orben A, Poulsen A, Prause N, Prax P, Quandt T, Schimmenti A, Starcevic V, Stutman G, Turner NE, van Looy J, Przybylski AK. A weak scientific basis for gaming disorder: Let us err on the side of caution. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:1-9. [PMID: 29529886 PMCID: PMC6035022 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We greatly appreciate the care and thought that is evident in the 10 commentaries that discuss our debate paper, the majority of which argued in favor of a formalized ICD-11 gaming disorder. We agree that there are some people whose play of video games is related to life problems. We believe that understanding this population and the nature and severity of the problems they experience should be a focus area for future research. However, moving from research construct to formal disorder requires a much stronger evidence base than we currently have. The burden of evidence and the clinical utility should be extremely high, because there is a genuine risk of abuse of diagnoses. We provide suggestions about the level of evidence that might be required: transparent and preregistered studies, a better demarcation of the subject area that includes a rationale for focusing on gaming particularly versus a more general behavioral addictions concept, the exploration of non-addiction approaches, and the unbiased exploration of clinical approaches that treat potentially underlying issues, such as depressive mood or social anxiety first. We acknowledge there could be benefits to formalizing gaming disorder, many of which were highlighted by colleagues in their commentaries, but we think they do not yet outweigh the wider societal and public health risks involved. Given the gravity of diagnostic classification and its wider societal impact, we urge our colleagues at the WHO to err on the side of caution for now and postpone the formalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius J. van Rooij
- Department of Children & Risky Behavior, Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michelle Colder Carras
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jing Shi
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Espen Aarseth
- Center for Computer Games Research, IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anthony M. Bean
- Department of Psychology, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | - Anne Brus
- Department of People and Technology, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mark Coulson
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Jory Deleuze
- Department of Psychology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Louvain, Belgium
| | - Pravin Dullur
- School of medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Elza Dunkels
- Department of Applied Educational Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Edman
- Department of Criminology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malte Elson
- Psychology of Human Technology Interaction Group, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Anne Fiskaali
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Isabela Granic
- Developmental Psychopathology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Jansz
- Department of Media and Communication, ERMeCC, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Faltin Karlsen
- Westerdals Department of Film and Media, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda K. Kaye
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Bonnie Kirsh
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andreas Lieberoth
- Department of Educational Psychology, Danish School of Education, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Patrick Markey
- Department of Psychology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Amy Orben
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Arne Poulsen
- Department of People and Technology, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Patrick Prax
- Department of Game Design, Uppsala University, Visby, Sweden
| | - Thorsten Quandt
- Department of Communication, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, UKE – Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Vladan Starcevic
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Nigel E. Turner
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jan van Looy
- Department of Communication Sciences, imec-mict-Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew K. Przybylski
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Coulson M, Wyld L. Rates of Breast Reconstruction in Women Over 70 Years of Age in the UK: An Interim Analysis of the Age Gap Study. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Freeman D, Sheaves B, Goodwin GM, Yu LM, Nickless A, Harrison PJ, Emsley R, Luik AI, Foster RG, Wadekar V, Hinds C, Gumley A, Jones R, Lightman S, Jones S, Bentall R, Kinderman P, Rowse G, Brugha T, Blagrove M, Gregory AM, Fleming L, Walklet E, Glazebrook C, Davies EB, Hollis C, Haddock G, John B, Coulson M, Fowler D, Pugh K, Cape J, Moseley P, Brown G, Hughes C, Obonsawin M, Coker S, Watkins E, Schwannauer M, MacMahon K, Siriwardena AN, Espie CA. The effects of improving sleep on mental health (OASIS): a randomised controlled trial with mediation analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2017; 4:749-758. [PMID: 28888927 PMCID: PMC5614772 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep difficulties might be a contributory causal factor in the occurrence of mental health problems. If this is true, improving sleep should benefit psychological health. We aimed to determine whether treating insomnia leads to a reduction in paranoia and hallucinations. METHODS We did this single-blind, randomised controlled trial (OASIS) at 26 UK universities. University students with insomnia were randomly assigned (1:1) with simple randomisation to receive digital cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for insomnia or usual care, and the research team were masked to the treatment. Online assessments took place at weeks 0, 3, 10 (end of therapy), and 22. The primary outcome measures were for insomnia, paranoia, and hallucinatory experiences. We did intention-to-treat analyses. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN61272251. FINDINGS Between March 5, 2015, and Feb 17, 2016, we randomly assigned 3755 participants to receive digital CBT for insomnia (n=1891) or usual practice (n=1864). Compared with usual practice, the sleep intervention at 10 weeks reduced insomnia (adjusted difference 4·78, 95% CI 4·29 to 5·26, Cohen's d=1·11; p<0·0001), paranoia (-2·22, -2·98 to -1·45, Cohen's d=0·19; p<0·0001), and hallucinations (-1·58, -1·98 to -1·18, Cohen's d=0·24; p<0·0001). Insomnia was a mediator of change in paranoia and hallucinations. No adverse events were reported. INTERPRETATION To our knowledge, this is the largest randomised controlled trial of a psychological intervention for a mental health problem. It provides strong evidence that insomnia is a causal factor in the occurrence of psychotic experiences and other mental health problems. Whether the results generalise beyond a student population requires testing. The treatment of disrupted sleep might require a higher priority in mental health provision. FUNDING Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - Bryony Sheaves
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Guy M Goodwin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Ly-Mee Yu
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alecia Nickless
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Emsley
- Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Population Health, Manchester University, Manchester Academic Health Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, UK; Big Health Ltd, London, UK
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, UK
| | - Vanashree Wadekar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher Hinds
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Gumley
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ray Jones
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Steve Jones
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Richard Bentall
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Peter Kinderman
- Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Georgina Rowse
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Traolach Brugha
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, Centre for Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mark Blagrove
- Department of Psychology, University of Swansea, Swansea, UK
| | - Alice M Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Leanne Fleming
- Department of Psychology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elaine Walklet
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Health and Society, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Cris Glazebrook
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; National Institute for Healthcare Research MindTech Healthcare Technology Co-operative, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - E Bethan Davies
- National Institute for Healthcare Research MindTech Healthcare Technology Co-operative, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chris Hollis
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; National Institute for Healthcare Research MindTech Healthcare Technology Co-operative, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gillian Haddock
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bev John
- School of Psychology and Therapeutic Studies, University of South Wales, Treforest, UK
| | - Mark Coulson
- Department of Psychology, School of Science and Technology, University of Middlesex, London, UK
| | - David Fowler
- Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
| | | | - John Cape
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Moseley
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Gary Brown
- Psychology Department, Royal Holloway, Egham, UK
| | - Claire Hughes
- University of Cambridge Centre for Family Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc Obonsawin
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow UK
| | - Sian Coker
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Edward Watkins
- SMART Lab, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Building for Mood Disorders Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Matthias Schwannauer
- School of Health in Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kenneth MacMahon
- School of Health in Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Colin A Espie
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, UK; Big Health Ltd, London, UK
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13
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Aarseth E, Bean AM, Boonen H, Colder Carras M, Coulson M, Das D, Deleuze J, Dunkels E, Edman J, Ferguson CJ, Haagsma MC, Helmersson Bergmark K, Hussain Z, Jansz J, Kardefelt-Winther D, Kutner L, Markey P, Nielsen RKL, Prause N, Przybylski A, Quandt T, Schimmenti A, Starcevic V, Stutman G, Van Looy J, Van Rooij AJ. Scholars' open debate paper on the World Health Organization ICD-11 Gaming Disorder proposal. J Behav Addict 2017; 6:267-270. [PMID: 28033714 PMCID: PMC5700734 DOI: 10.1556/2006.5.2016.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns about problematic gaming behaviors deserve our full attention. However, we claim that it is far from clear that these problems can or should be attributed to a new disorder. The empirical basis for a Gaming Disorder proposal, such as in the new ICD-11, suffers from fundamental issues. Our main concerns are the low quality of the research base, the fact that the current operationalization leans too heavily on substance use and gambling criteria, and the lack of consensus on symptomatology and assessment of problematic gaming. The act of formalizing this disorder, even as a proposal, has negative medical, scientific, public-health, societal, and human rights fallout that should be considered. Of particular concern are moral panics around the harm of video gaming. They might result in premature application of diagnosis in the medical community and the treatment of abundant false-positive cases, especially for children and adolescents. Second, research will be locked into a confirmatory approach, rather than an exploration of the boundaries of normal versus pathological. Third, the healthy majority of gamers will be affected negatively. We expect that the premature inclusion of Gaming Disorder as a diagnosis in ICD-11 will cause significant stigma to the millions of children who play video games as a part of a normal, healthy life. At this point, suggesting formal diagnoses and categories is premature: the ICD-11 proposal for Gaming Disorder should be removed to avoid a waste of public health resources as well as to avoid causing harm to healthy video gamers around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen Aarseth
- Center for Computer Games Research, IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anthony M. Bean
- Department of Psychology, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Huub Boonen
- UC-Leuven-Limburg, CAD Limburg, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Michelle Colder Carras
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding authors: Andrew K. Przybylski, PhD; Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Phone: +44 1865 287230; E-mail: ; Antonius J. Van Rooij, PhD; Department of Communication Sciences, imec-MICT-Ghent University, Korte Meer 7-9-11, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Phone: +32 484 27 63 46; E-mail: ; Christopher J. Ferguson, PhD; Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N. Woodland Blvd., DeLand, FL, USA; Phone: +1 386 822 7288; E-mail: ; Daniel Kardefelt-Winther, PhD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Phone: +44 79 46567850; E-mail: ; Michelle Colder Carras, PhD; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Phone: +1 410 955 3910; E-mail:
| | - Mark Coulson
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, Hendon, London, UK
| | | | - Jory Deleuze
- Psychology Department, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Elza Dunkels
- Department of Applied Educational Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Edman
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs (SoRAD) & Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher J. Ferguson
- Department of Psychology, Stetson University, DeLand, FL, USA,Corresponding authors: Andrew K. Przybylski, PhD; Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Phone: +44 1865 287230; E-mail: ; Antonius J. Van Rooij, PhD; Department of Communication Sciences, imec-MICT-Ghent University, Korte Meer 7-9-11, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Phone: +32 484 27 63 46; E-mail: ; Christopher J. Ferguson, PhD; Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N. Woodland Blvd., DeLand, FL, USA; Phone: +1 386 822 7288; E-mail: ; Daniel Kardefelt-Winther, PhD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Phone: +44 79 46567850; E-mail: ; Michelle Colder Carras, PhD; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Phone: +1 410 955 3910; E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Jeroen Jansz
- Department of Media & Communication, ERMeCC, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Kardefelt-Winther
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Corresponding authors: Andrew K. Przybylski, PhD; Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Phone: +44 1865 287230; E-mail: ; Antonius J. Van Rooij, PhD; Department of Communication Sciences, imec-MICT-Ghent University, Korte Meer 7-9-11, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Phone: +32 484 27 63 46; E-mail: ; Christopher J. Ferguson, PhD; Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N. Woodland Blvd., DeLand, FL, USA; Phone: +1 386 822 7288; E-mail: ; Daniel Kardefelt-Winther, PhD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Phone: +44 79 46567850; E-mail: ; Michelle Colder Carras, PhD; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Phone: +1 410 955 3910; E-mail:
| | | | - Patrick Markey
- Department of Psychology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew Przybylski
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Corresponding authors: Andrew K. Przybylski, PhD; Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Phone: +44 1865 287230; E-mail: ; Antonius J. Van Rooij, PhD; Department of Communication Sciences, imec-MICT-Ghent University, Korte Meer 7-9-11, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Phone: +32 484 27 63 46; E-mail: ; Christopher J. Ferguson, PhD; Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N. Woodland Blvd., DeLand, FL, USA; Phone: +1 386 822 7288; E-mail: ; Daniel Kardefelt-Winther, PhD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Phone: +44 79 46567850; E-mail: ; Michelle Colder Carras, PhD; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Phone: +1 410 955 3910; E-mail:
| | - Thorsten Quandt
- Department of Communication, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Psychological Sciences and Technology, UKE, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Vladan Starcevic
- Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jan Van Looy
- Department of Communication Sciences, imec-MICT-Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonius J. Van Rooij
- Department of Communication Sciences, imec-MICT-Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Corresponding authors: Andrew K. Przybylski, PhD; Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Phone: +44 1865 287230; E-mail: ; Antonius J. Van Rooij, PhD; Department of Communication Sciences, imec-MICT-Ghent University, Korte Meer 7-9-11, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Phone: +32 484 27 63 46; E-mail: ; Christopher J. Ferguson, PhD; Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N. Woodland Blvd., DeLand, FL, USA; Phone: +1 386 822 7288; E-mail: ; Daniel Kardefelt-Winther, PhD; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Phone: +44 79 46567850; E-mail: ; Michelle Colder Carras, PhD; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Phone: +1 410 955 3910; E-mail:
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Hayes JE, Doherty AT, Coulson M, Foster JR, Cotton PT, O'Donovan MR. Micronucleus induction in the bone marrow of rats by pharmacological mechanisms. I: glucocorticoid receptor agonism. Mutagenesis 2013; 28:227-32. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Coulson M, Barnett J, Ferguson CJ, Gould RL. Real feelings for virtual people: Emotional attachments and interpersonal attraction in video games. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1037/a0028192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ferguson CJ, Coulson M, Barnett J. A meta-analysis of pathological gaming prevalence and comorbidity with mental health, academic and social problems. J Psychiatr Res 2011; 45:1573-8. [PMID: 21925683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health professionals, policy makers and the general public continue to debate the issue of pathological video gaming. Scholars disagree on the prevalence and diagnostic criteria for this potential new disorder. The current meta-analysis considers existing scholarship to examine how differing measurement methods influence prevalence rates and associations with other mental health problems. METHOD Thirty three published studies and doctoral dissertations were analyzed in meta-analysis. Prevalence rates and comorbidity with other mental health problems were examined according to measurement method. RESULTS Prevalence estimates and comorbidity with other problems varied widely between studies. Measurement which attempted to replicate "pathological gambling" approaches produced higher prevalence estimates and lower comorbidity estimates than methods which focused on the interfering nature of pathological gaming. The most precise measures produce an overall prevalence rate of 3.1%. INTERPRETATION Diagnostic analogies with pathological gambling may produce spuriously high prevalence estimates, potentially over identifying non-pathological players as pathological. Diagnostic approaches focused on the interfering nature on other life needs and responsibilities may have greater validity and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Ferguson
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA.
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17
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Gilbert T, Martin R, Coulson M. Attentional biases using the body in the crowd task: Are angry body postures detected more rapidly? Cogn Emot 2011; 25:700-8. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2010.495881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Massively multiplayer games (MMOs) are immersive virtual three-dimensional fantasy worlds in which people cooperate and compete with each other, as well as with the computer-generated denizens of that particular game world. Although typically seen as games, their strong social aspect suggests that they are a form of online communication tool, with which players interact to form friendships, create communities, and work together to accomplish a variety of goals. After an introduction to MMOs, this review explores how social aspects of the game imitate the real world in terms of choices that players make when interacting with others. Furthermore, player-to-player interactions are examined in terms of in-game group formation and how efficient communication is imperative for goal achievement. The review also explores how leadership skills learned in-game may be transferred to real-world scenarios. The reasons why people play MMOs are examined in terms of player motivations and how aspects of game play may have both positive and negative consequences for a player's well-being. The latter half of the review describes how MMOs are used as afterschool virtual teaching environments where students can use aspects of game play to learn, for example, leadership qualities. The review concludes with recommendations for using MMOs as virtual laboratories to explore aspects of human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Barnett
- Department of Engineering and Information Sciences, Middlesex
University
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20
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Sandamas G, Foreman N, Coulson M. Interface Familiarity Restores Active Advantage in a Virtual Exploration and Reconstruction Task in Children. Spatial Cognition & Computation 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13875860802589202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Coulson M, Torrance S, Nunn S. Fostering Reflective Thinking with the Learning Achievement Self-Evaluation Record (LASER). Psychology Learning & Teaching 2007. [DOI: 10.2304/plat.2007.6.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We present the rationale, development, and evaluation of a simple tool designed to encourage reflective thinking in first year undergraduate students. We outline the role of reflection in undergraduate studies of psychology, and suggest how this may underpin the development of critical thinking. We then examine a ‘design brief’ which informed the development of the Learning Achievement Self-Evaluation Record (LASER). The LASER is then described, and an evaluation of its impact on students and the curriculum is presented.
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Coulson M. Marathon man's run of success. Nurs Times 1999; 95:52-4. [PMID: 10504967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Coulson M, Robert S, Eyre HJ, Saint R. The identification and localization of a human gene with sequence similarity to Polycomblike of Drosophila melanogaster. Genomics 1998; 48:381-3. [PMID: 9545646 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.5201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila Polycomb group (PcG) of genes is required for the epigenetic regulation of a number of important developmental genes, including the homeotic (Hox) genes. The members of this gene family encode proteins that do not share sequence similarity, implying that each plays a unique role in this epigenetic repression mechanism. Polycomblike (Pcl) was the second PcG gene to be identified. We report here the isolation and characterization of a human cDNA, termed PHF1, which encodes a protein with significant sequence similarity to Drosophila Polycomblike (PCL). The region of similarity between PHF1 and PCL includes the two PHD fingers (C4-H-C3 motif), the region between them, and sequences C-terminal to the PHD fingers. PHF1 and PCL are 34% identical over this 258-residue region. PHF1 was mapped to 6p21.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. While several genetic diseases that are likely to result from developmental abnormalities map to this region, PHF1 is not a clear candidate gene for any of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coulson
- Department of Genetics, University of Adelaide, Australia
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27
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Jani A, Coulson M. Kimura's disease. A typical case of a rare disorder. West J Med 1997; 166:142-4. [PMID: 9109334 PMCID: PMC1304036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Jani
- Department of Surgery, Natividad Medical Center, Salinas, California 93912, USA
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Andrews J, Smith M, Merakovsky J, Coulson M, Hannan F, Kelly LE. The stoned locus of Drosophila melanogaster produces a dicistronic transcript and encodes two distinct polypeptides. Genetics 1996; 143:1699-711. [PMID: 8844157 PMCID: PMC1207432 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/143.4.1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The stoned gene of Drosophila melanogaster is required for normal neuronal function in both adult and larva. We have identified DNA sequences that lie within a genetic region that is known to include the stoned gene and that also reveal restriction site variations in two stoned lethal mutants. This genomic region contains a single transcription unit coding for an approximately 8.4-kb transcript. The transcript is preferentially expressed in the head of adult flies. The isolation and sequencing of cDNA and genomic clones reveals that stoned appears to encode a dicistronic mRNA, although the possible existence of other forms of mRNA cannot be excluded. Antibody cross-reactivity shows that two proteins are translated from the stoned locus in vivo. Both open reading frames (ORFs) encode novel proteins. The protein encoded by the first ORF contains four tandemly repeated motifs, and one domain of the protein encoded by the second ORF shows similarity to a family of proteins (AP50s) associated with clathrin assembly protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrews
- Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Over 140 tracheoesophageal punctures were performed at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders over the last seven years. In all cases the Blom-Singer duckbill prosthesis was utilized for alaryngeal voice restoration. Of these patients, two examples were noted where squamous cell papilloma was found at the tracheoesophageal stoma site. The preoperative evaluation and surgical laser technique for surgical excision of the papilloma with postoperative care are described. The case reports of each of the patients that have been diagnosed as having squamous cell papilloma of the tracheoesophageal puncture site are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Papay
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44106-5000
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Mellgren RL, Coulson M. Coordinated feedback regulation of muscle glycogen metabolism: inhibition of purified phosphorylase phosphatase by glycogen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1983; 114:148-54. [PMID: 6309163 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(83)91606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An assay method was devised for accurately measuring the activity of phosphorylase phosphatase in the presence of glycogen. Both oyster glycogen and rabbit liver glycogen inhibited the activity of purified phosphorylase phosphatase catalytic subunit in a concentration-dependent manner. In the presence of 120 mM KCl, micromolar AMP increased the sensitivity of the phosphatase to glycogen inhibition. The present studies suggest that glycogen feedback inhibition may be a coordinated mechanism producing a decrease in phosphorylase phosphatase activity as well as glycogen synthase phosphatase activity.
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Komuniecki R, Wack M, Coulson M. Regulation of the Ascaris suum pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1983; 8:165-76. [PMID: 6877284 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(83)90007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex isolated from 'anaerobic' mitochondria of Ascaris suum has a subunit composition similar to complexes isolated from most other eukaryotic organisms and is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity is stimulated by NADH and a number of physiologically important acyl-CoA intermediates and is inhibited by CoA, propionate, tiglate and pyruvate. It is suggested that the elevated levels of pyruvate observed in the ascarid organelle may be important in maintaining the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in an active state, even in the presence of a reduced pyridine nucleotide pool.
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Coulson M. Providing for the future. SA Nurs J 1968; 35:9-12 passim. [PMID: 5188839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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