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Cerin E, Chan YK, Symmons M, Soloveva M, Martino E, Shaw JE, Knibbs LD, Jalaludin B, Barnett A. Associations of the neighbourhood built and natural environment with cardiometabolic health indicators: A cross-sectional analysis of environmental moderators and behavioural mediators. Environ Res 2024; 240:117524. [PMID: 37898226 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies examining the effects of neighbourhood urban design on cardiometabolic health focused solely on the built or natural environment. Also, they did not consider the roles of neighbourhood socio-economic status (SES) and ambient air pollution in the observed associations, and the extent to which these associations were mediated by physical activity and sedentary behaviours. METHODS We used data from the AusDiab3 study (N = 4141), a national cohort study of Australian adults to address the above-mentioned knowledge gaps. Spatial data were used to compute indices of neighbourhood walkability (population density, intersection density, non-commercial land use mix, commercial land use), natural environment (parkland and blue spaces) and air pollution (annual average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5)). Census indices were used to define neighbourhood SES. Clinical assessments collected data on adiposity, blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids. Generalised additive mixed models were used to estimate associations. RESULTS Neighbourhood walkability showed indirect beneficial associations with most indicators of cardiometabolic health via resistance training, walking and sitting for different purposes; indirect detrimental associations with the same indicators via vigorous gardening; and direct detrimental associations with blood pressure. The neighbourhood natural environment had beneficial indirect associations with most cardiometabolic health indicators via resistance training and leisure-time sitting, and beneficial direct associations with adiposity and blood lipids. Neighbourhood SES and air pollution moderated only a few associations of the neighbourhood environment with physical activity, blood lipids and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Within a low-density and low-pollution context, denser, walkable neighbourhoods with good access to nature may benefit residents' cardiometabolic health by facilitating the adoption of an active lifestyle. Possible disadvantages of living in denser neighbourhoods for older populations are having limited opportunities for gardening, higher levels of noise and less healthy dietary patterns associated with eating out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring St., Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd., Sandy Bay, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Yih-Kai Chan
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring St., Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mark Symmons
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring St., Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Maria Soloveva
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring St., Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Erika Martino
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Public Health Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anthony Barnett
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring St., Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Kremer P, Symmons M, Furlonger B. Exploring the Why of Psychologist Misconduct and Malpractice: A Thematic Analysis of Court Decision Documents. Australian Psychologist 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kremer
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Counselling, Monash University,
| | - Mark Symmons
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Counselling, Monash University,
| | - Brett Furlonger
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Counselling, Monash University,
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Al-Moteri M, Cooper S, Symmons M, Plummer V. Nurses' cognitive and perceptual bias in the identification of clinical deterioration cues. Aust Crit Care 2019; 33:333-342. [PMID: 31615698 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perception and processing of clinical cues have rarely been investigated in the nursing literature despite their relevance to the early identification and management of clinical deterioration. AIM This study used a hypovolemic shock scenario from the Feedback Incorporating Review and Simulation Techniques to Act on Clinical Trends (FIRST2ACT) virtual simulation program, equipped with an eye tracker, to investigate cue processing during the management of patient deterioration. RESULT The study revealed that attention deviation distorted interpretation of subsequent cues, causing 63% of participants to exhibit a cognitive bias (heightened sensitivity to specific but noncritical cues) and 65% to exhibit at least one episode of nonfixation on clinically relevant cues. Attention deviation and distorted interpretations of clinical cues will have an impact on patient safety. CONCLUSION The findings are likely to have important implications for understanding error and associated training implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modi Al-Moteri
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Al-Taif, Western Region, Saudi Arabia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Simon Cooper
- Emergency Care and Research Development, School of Nursing and Midwifery and Healthcare, Federation University, Victoria, Australia; School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Brighton, UK
| | | | - Virginia Plummer
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Australia; Peninsula Health, Frankston, Australia
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Sarkies MN, Maloney S, Symmons M, Haines TP. Video strategies improved health professional knowledge across different contexts: a helix counterbalanced randomized controlled study. J Clin Epidemiol 2019; 112:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Al-Moteri MO, Symmons M, Cooper S, Plummer V. Inattentional blindness and pattern-matching failure: The case of failure to recognize clinical cues. Appl Ergon 2018; 73:174-182. [PMID: 30098633 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Eye-tracking methodology was used to investigate lapses in the appropriate treatment of ward patients due to not noticing critical cues of deterioration. Forty nursing participants with different levels of experience participated in an interactive screen-based simulation of hypovolemic shock. The results show that 65% of the participants exhibited at least one episode of non-fixation on clinically relevant, fully visible cues that were in plain sight. Thirty-five percent of participants dwelt for sufficient time (>200 ms) on important cues for perception to take place, but no action followed, indicating they had pattern-matching failure. When participants fail to notice what, they should notice in patient status until it is too late, this can have serious consequences. Much work needs to be done, since these human perceptual limitations can affect patient safety in general wards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modi Owied Al-Moteri
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Al-Taif, Western Region, Saudi Arabia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mark Symmons
- Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon Cooper
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, Federation University Australia, Room 2W-249, Gippsland Campus, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Virginia Plummer
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia; Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
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Imms C, Chu EMY, Guinea S, Sheppard L, Froude E, Carter R, Darzins S, Ashby S, Gilbert-Hunt S, Gribble N, Nicola-Richmond K, Penman M, Gospodarevskaya E, Mathieu E, Symmons M. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of embedded simulation in occupational therapy clinical practice education: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:345. [PMID: 28732525 PMCID: PMC5521130 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical placements are a critical component of the training for health professionals such as occupational therapists. However, with growing student enrolments in professional education courses and workload pressures on practitioners, it is increasingly difficult to find sufficient, suitable placements that satisfy program accreditation requirements. The professional accrediting body for occupational therapy in Australia allows up to 200 of the mandatory 1000 clinical placement hours to be completed via simulation activities, but evidence of effectiveness and efficiency for student learning outcomes is lacking. Increasingly placement providers charge a fee to host students, leading educators to consider whether providing an internal program might be a feasible alternative for a portion of placement hours. Economic analysis of the incremental costs and benefits of providing a traditional versus simulated placement is required to inform decision-making. Methods/design This study is a pragmatic, non-inferiority, single-blind, multicentre, two-group randomised controlled trial (RCT) with an embedded economic analysis. The RCT will compare a block of 40 hours of simulated placement (intervention) with a 40-hour block of traditional placement (comparator), with a focus on student learning outcomes and delivery costs. Six universities will instigate the educational intervention within their respective occupational therapy courses, randomly assigning their cohort of students (1:1 allocation) to the simulated or traditional clinical placements. The primary outcome is achievement of professional behaviours (e.g. communication, clinical reasoning) as assessed by a post-placement written examination. Secondary outcomes include proportions passing the placement assessed using the Student Practice Evaluation Form-Revised, changes in student confidence pre-/post-placement, student and educator evaluation of the placement experience and cost-effectiveness of simulated versus traditional clinical placements. Comprehensive cost data will be collected for both the simulated and traditional placement programs at each site for economic evaluation. Discussion Use of simulation in health-related fields like occupational therapy is common, but these activities usually relate to brief opportunities for isolated skill development. The simulated clinical placement evaluated in this trial is less common because it encapsulates a 5-day block of integrated activities, designed and delivered in a manner intended to emulate best-practice placement experiences. The planned study is rare due to inclusion of an economic analysis that aims to provide valuable information about the relationship between costs and outcomes across participating sites. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12616001339448. Registered 26 September 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2087-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Imms
- Australian Catholic University, 17-29 Young Street, Fitzroy, 3065, Australia.
| | - Eli Mang Yee Chu
- Australian Catholic University, 17-29 Young Street, Fitzroy, 3065, Australia
| | - Stephen Guinea
- Australian Catholic University, 17-29 Young Street, Fitzroy, 3065, Australia
| | - Loretta Sheppard
- Australian Catholic University, 17-29 Young Street, Fitzroy, 3065, Australia
| | - Elspeth Froude
- Australian Catholic University, 33 Berry Street, North Sydney, 2060, Australia
| | - Rob Carter
- Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, 3125, Australia
| | - Susan Darzins
- Australian Catholic University, 17-29 Young Street, Fitzroy, 3065, Australia
| | - Samantha Ashby
- University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Merrolee Penman
- University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, 2140, Australia
| | | | - Erin Mathieu
- University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building, Camperdown, 2006, Australia
| | - Mark Symmons
- Australian Catholic University, 17-29 Young Street, Fitzroy, 3065, Australia
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Allen T, McClure R, Newstead SV, Lenné MG, Hillard P, Symmons M, Day L. Exposure factors of Victoria's active motorcycle fleet related to serious injury crash risk. Traffic Inj Prev 2016; 17:870-877. [PMID: 26980668 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1159304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the nature and extent of current powered 2-wheeler (PTW) risk exposures in order to support future efforts to improve safety for this mode of transport. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of the control arm of a population-based case-control study was conducted. The control sample was selected from 204 sites on public roads within 150 km of the city of Melbourne that were locations of recent serious injury motorcycle crashes. Traffic observations and measurements at each site were sampled for a mean of 2 h on the same type of day (weekday, Saturday, or Sunday) and within 1 h of the crash time. Photographs of passing riders during this observation period recorded data relating to characteristics of PTWs, age of riders, travel speed of PTWs and all vehicles, time gaps between vehicles, visibility, and protective clothing use. RESULTS Motorcycles and scooters represented 0.6% of all traffic (compared with 4% of all vehicle registrations). Riders were significantly more likely to have larger time gaps in front and behind when compared to other vehicles. The average travel speed of motorcycles was not significantly different than the traffic, but a significantly greater proportion were exceeding the speed limit when compared to other vehicles (6 vs. 3%, respectively). The age of registered owners of passing motorcycles was 42 years. Over half of riders were wearing dark clothing with no fluorescent or reflective surfaces. One third of motorcyclists had maximum coverage of motorcycle-specific protective clothing. CONCLUSIONS A very low prevalence of motorcyclists combined with relatively higher rates of larger time gaps to other vehicles around motorcycles may help explain their overrepresentation in injury crashes where another vehicle fails to give way. An increased risk of injury in the event of a crash exists for a small but greater proportion of motorcyclists (compared to other vehicle types) who were exceeding the speed limit. An apparent shift toward older age of the active rider population may be reducing injury crash risk relative to exposure time. There is significant scope to improve the physical conspicuity of motorcyclists and the frequency of motorcycle specific protective clothing use. These results can be used to inform policy development and monitor progress of current and future road safety initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Allen
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - R McClure
- b Harvard Injury Control Research Center , Harvard School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts
| | - S V Newstead
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - M G Lenné
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - P Hillard
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - M Symmons
- c Faculty of Education , Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - L Day
- d Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
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Van Doorn G, Hohwy J, Symmons M. Can you tickle yourself if you swap bodies with someone else? Conscious Cogn 2013; 23:1-11. [PMID: 24270589 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the body transfer illusion on the perceived strength of self- and externally-generated "tickle" sensations was investigated. As expected, externally generated movement produced significantly higher ratings of tickliness than those associated with self-generated movements. Surprisingly, the body transfer illusion had no influence on the ratings of tickliness, suggesting that highly surprising, and therefore hard to predict, experiences of body image and first-person perspective do not abolish the attenuation of tickle sensations. In addition, evidence was found that a version of the rubber hand illusion exists within the body transfer illusion. We situate our findings within the larger debate over sensory attenuation: (1) there is an attenuation of prediction errors that depends upon the context in which sensory input is predicted (i.e., efference copy), and (2) sensory attenuation is a necessary consequence of self-generated movement irrespective of context (i.e., active inference). The results support the notion of active inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Van Doorn
- School of Applied Media and Social Sciences, Monash University, Northways Road, Churchill, Victoria 3842, Australia.
| | - Jakob Hohwy
- Department of Philosophy, Monash University, Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Mark Symmons
- School of Applied Media and Social Sciences, Monash University, Northways Road, Churchill, Victoria 3842, Australia.
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Day L, Lenné MG, Symmons M, Hillard P, Newstead S, Allen T, McClure R. Population based case-control study of serious non-fatal motorcycle crashes. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:72. [PMID: 23351603 PMCID: PMC3599456 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Motorcycle sales, registration and use are increasing in many countries. The epidemiological literature on risk factors for motorcycle injury is becoming outdated, due to changes in rider demography, licensing regulations, traffic mix and density, road environments, and motorcycle designs and technologies. Further, the potential contribution of road infrastructure and travel speed has not yet been examined. Methods/design A population based case–control study together with a nested case-crossover study is planned. Cases will be motorcycle riders who are injured but not killed in a motorcycle crash on a public road within 150 km radius of Melbourne, Australia, and admitted to one of the study hospitals. Controls will be motorcycle riders who ride through the crash site on the same type of day (weekday or weekend) within an hour of the crash time. Data on rider, bike, and trip characteristics will be collected from the participants by questionnaire. Data on crash site characteristics will be collected in a structured site inspection, and travel speed for the cases will be estimated from these data. Travel speed for the controls will be measured prior to recruitment with a radar traffic detection device as they ride through the crash site. Control sites for the case-crossover study will be selected 1 km upstream from the crash site and matched on either intersection status or road curvature (either straight or cornered). If the initial site selected does not match the case site on these characteristics, then the closest matching site on the case route will be selected. Conditional multivariate logistic regression models will be used to compare risk between the matched case and control riders and to examine associations between road infrastructure and road environment characteristics and crash occurrence. Interactions between type of site and speed will be tested to determine if site type is an effect modifier of the relationship between speed and crash risk. The relationship between rider factors and travel speed generally will be assessed by multivariate regression methods. Discussion In the context of the changing motorcycling environment, this study will provide evidence on contemporary risk factors for serious non-fatal motorcycle crashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Day
- MUARC, Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Van Doorn G, Symmons M, Richardson B. Red is no Warmer than Blue: A Challenge to the Semantic Coding Hypothesis. Iperception 2011. [DOI: 10.1068/ic849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Marcaida MJ, Callaghan A, Scott W, Symmons M, Chandran V, McDowall K, Stead J, Luisi B. Structure and function of RNase E and the RNA degradosome assembly. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305096108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
In this study we examine the strategies used by blindfolded subjects asked to freely explore raised line drawings and identify what is depicted in them. We were particularly interested in how often a single finger is spontaneously used because in several studies subjects are forced to use only one fingertip and the extent to which this restriction may depress haptic perception is unclear. The results suggest that despite a variety of strategies, people 'naturally' use single fingertips sufficiently often to allow confidence in conclusions that are based on studies imposing this restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Symmons
- Department of Psychology, Monash University, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
A problem when comparing active and passive tactile perception of two-dimensional (2-D) stimuli is matching the active and passive tasks on all variables except the one of interest--active versus passive touch. A new computer-controlled device--the tactile display system (TDS)--has been developed to deal with this problem. The TDS tracks an "active" subject's fingertip movements during exploration of a raised line drawing and digitally records this spatio-temporal information. It then guides a passive participant's fingertip over the same path, matching for location and speed. Any difference in performance can thus be attributed to the different conditions (active versus passive) because other variables are held constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Richardson
- Psychology Department, Monash University, Churchill, Australia
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Bangham JA, Symmons M. Microcomputers to control the pH of growing micro-organisms. Biochem Soc Trans 1984; 12:993-6. [PMID: 6397383 DOI: 10.1042/bst0120993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Negative feedback control can usefully be used in biochemistry for a variety of purposes. Two examples are presented which utilize microcomputers to generate the transfer function of the feedback loop. The first demonstrates the control of NADH concentration during an enzymic reaction, and the second shows that if the pH is held constant whilst growing E. coli the yield can be increased. In both these cases it is convenient, even essential, to use a computer because computers are both very stable over the long term and the feedback transfer function can be accurately and quickly specified.
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