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Frye BM, McCoy DE, Kotler J, Embury A, Burkart JM, Burns M, Eyre S, Galbusera P, Hooper J, Idoe A, Goya AL, Mickelberg J, Quesada MP, Stevenson M, Sullivan S, Warneke M, Wojciechowski S, Wormell D, Haig D, Tardif SD. After short interbirth intervals, captive callitrichine monkeys have higher infant mortality. iScience 2022; 25:103724. [PMID: 35072012 PMCID: PMC8762461 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Life history theory predicts a trade-off between the quantity and quality of offspring. Short interbirth intervals-the time between successive births-may increase the quantity of offspring but harm offspring quality. In contrast, long interbirth intervals may bolster offspring quality while reducing overall reproductive output. Further research is needed to determine whether this relationship holds among primates, which have intensive parental investment. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we examined the effects of interbirth intervals (short, normal, or long) on infant survivorship using a large demographic dataset (n = 15,852) of captive callitrichine monkeys (marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins). In seven of the nine species studied, infants born after short interbirth intervals had significantly higher risks of mortality than infants born after longer interbirth intervals. These results suggest that reproduction in callitrichine primates may be limited by physiologic constraints, such that short birth spacing drives higher infant mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Frye
- Department of Biology, Emory & Henry College, Emory, VA 24327, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Dakota E. McCoy
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer Kotler
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Amanda Embury
- Department of Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Judith M. Burkart
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Burns
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Simon Eyre
- Wellington Zoo, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Peter Galbusera
- Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jacqui Hooper
- Wellington Zoo, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Arun Idoe
- Apenheul Primate Park, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Sullivan
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA
| | - Mark Warneke
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA
| | | | - Dominic Wormell
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Jersey, Channel Islands, UK
| | - David Haig
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Suzette D. Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
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McCoy DE, Frye BM, Kotler J, Embury A, Burkart JM, Burns M, Eyre S, Galbusera P, Hooper J, Idoe A, Goya AL, Mickelberg J, Quesada MP, Stevenson M, Sullivan S, Warneke M, Wojciechowski S, Wormell D, Haig D, Tardif SD. A comparative study of litter size and sex composition in a large dataset of callitrichine monkeys. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23038. [PMID: 31389057 PMCID: PMC6949018 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In many birds and mammals, the size and sex composition of litters can have important downstream effects for individual offspring. Primates are model organisms for questions of cooperation and conflict, but the factors shaping interactions among same-age siblings have been less-studied in primates because most species bear single young. However, callitrichines (marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins) frequently bear litters of two or more, thereby providing the opportunity to ask whether variation in the size and sex composition of litters affects development, survival, and reproduction. To investigate these questions, we compiled a large dataset of nine species of callitrichines (n = 27,080 individuals; Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Cebuella pygmaea, Saguinus imperator, Saguinus oedipus, Leontopithecus chrysomelas, Leontopithecus chrysopygus, Leontopithecus rosalia, and Callimico goeldii) from zoo and laboratory populations spanning 80 years (1938-2018). Through this comparative approach, we found several lines of evidence that litter size and sex composition may impact fitness. Singletons have higher survivorship than litter-born peers and they significantly outperform litter-born individuals on two measures of reproductive performance. Further, for some species, individuals born in a mixed-sex litter outperform isosexually-born individuals (i.e., those born in all-male or all-female litters), suggesting that same-sex competition may limit reproductive performance. We also document several interesting demographic trends. All but one species (C. pygmaea) has a male-biased birth sex ratio with higher survivorship from birth to sexual maturity among females (although this was significant in only two species). Isosexual litters occurred at the expected frequency (with one exception: C. pygmaea), unlike other animals, where isosexual litters are typically overrepresented. Taken together, our results indicate a modest negative effect of same-age sibling competition on reproductive output in captive callitrichines. This study also serves to illustrate the value of zoo and laboratory records for biological inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota E. McCoy
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Brett M. Frye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Jennifer Kotler
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Amanda Embury
- Department of Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Judith M. Burkart
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Burns
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Simon Eyre
- Wellington Zoo, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Peter Galbusera
- Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jacqui Hooper
- Wellington Zoo, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Arun Idoe
- Apenheul Primate Park, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Sullivan
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA
| | - Mark Warneke
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA
| | | | - Dominic Wormell
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Jersey, Channel Islands, UK
| | - David Haig
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Suzette D. Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA
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Ziegler TE, Snowdon CT, Warneke M, Bridson WE. Urinary excretion of oestrone conjugates and gonadotrophins during pregnancy in the Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii). J Reprod Fertil 1990; 89:163-8. [PMID: 2165156 DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.0890163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oestrone conjugate and LH/CG were measured in the urine of 4 Goeldi's monkeys during 6 pregnancies. The gestational length was a mean of 148.8 days from the post-partum LH/CG peak to parturition. CG was first detected a mean of 18.8 days after the LH/CG peak and values remained elevated for a mean of 44.8 days. Three different gonadotrophin assays were used to detect LH/CG: the mouse in-vitro interstitial cell bioassay, a mixed heterologous LH RIA, and a monkey CG RIA. The mouse in-vitro interstitial cell bioassay was useful for measuring both the LH peak which occurred post partum and the CG concentrations during pregnancy. However, both immunoassays were inconsistent in measuring LH due to poor cross-reactivity or lack of specificity; CG concentrations were measurable. Oestrone conjugates became elevated at the time of the LH/CG peak and concentrations continued to increase throughout pregnancy, reaching peak levels before parturition. The postpartum interval, pregnancy and parturition can therefore be monitored in the Goeldi's monkey by the use of urinary assays: those for bioactive LH and immunoreactive oestrone conjugates to determine the post-partum LH peak and those for immunoreactive LH/CG and immunoreactive oestrone conjugates to follow pregnancy and parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Ziegler
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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