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Kahles A, Goldschmid H, Volckmar AL, Ploeger C, Kazdal D, Penzel R, Budczies J, Kempny G, Kazmierczak M, Flechtenmacher C, Baretton G, Weichert W, Horst D, Klauschen F, Gassner UM, Brüggemann M, Vogeser M, Schirmacher P, Stenzinger A. Structure and content of the EU-IVDR : Current status and implications for pathology. Pathologie (Heidelb) 2023; 44:73-85. [PMID: 36735063 PMCID: PMC9896441 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-022-01176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation (EU) 2017/746 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDR) was passed by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union on 5 April 2017 and came into force on 26 May 2017. A new amending regulation, which introduces a phased implementation of the IVDR with new transitional provisions for certain in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDs) and a later date of application of some requirements for in-house devices for healthcare facilities, was adopted on 15 December 2021. The combined use of CE-certified IVDs (CE-IVDs), in-house IVDs (IH-IVDs), and research use only (RUO) devices are a cornerstone of diagnostics in pathology departments and crucial for optimal patient care. The IVDR not only regulates the manufacture and placement on the market of industrially manufactured IVDs, but also imposes conditions on the manufacture and use of IH-IVDs for internal use by healthcare facilities. OBJECTIVES Our work provides an overview of the background and structure of the IVDR and identifies core areas that need to be interpreted and fleshed out in the context of the legal framework as well as expert knowledge. CONCLUSIONS The gaps and ambiguities in the IVDR crucially require the expertise of professional societies, alliances, and individual stakeholders to successfully facilitate the implementation and use of the IVDR in pathology departments and to avoid aberrant developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Kahles
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hannah Goldschmid
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Volckmar
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Ploeger
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kazdal
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Penzel
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Budczies
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gisela Kempny
- Professional Association of German Pathologists, Bundesverband Deutscher Pathologen e. V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Marlon Kazmierczak
- Professional Association of German Pathologists, Bundesverband Deutscher Pathologen e. V., Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gustavo Baretton
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Monika Brüggemann
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Hematology Lab Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Vogeser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kahles A, Goldschmid H, Volckmar AL, Plöger C, Kazdal D, Penzel R, Budczies J, Kempny G, Kazmierczak M, Flechtenmacher C, Baretton G, Weichert W, Horst D, Klauschen F, Gassner UM, Brüggemann M, Vogeser M, Schirmacher P, Stenzinger A. [Structure and content of the EU-IVDR : Current status and implications for pathology]. Pathologie (Heidelb) 2022; 43:351-364. [PMID: 35925306 PMCID: PMC9118816 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-022-01077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation (EU) 2017/746 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDR) was passed by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union on 5 April 2017 and came into force on 26 May 2017. A new amending regulation, which introduces a phased implementation of the IVDR with new transitional provisions for certain in vitro diagnostic medical devices and a later date of application of some requirements for in-house devices for healthcare facilities, was adopted on 15 December 2021. The combined use of CE-IVDs, in-house IVDs, and RUO products are a cornerstone of diagnostics in pathology departments and crucial for optimal patient care. The IVDR not only regulates the manufacture and placement on the market of industrially manufactured IVDs, but also imposes conditions on the manufacture and use of IH-IVDs for internal use by healthcare facilities. OBJECTIVES Our work provides an overview of the background and structure of the IVDR and identifies core areas that need to be interpreted and fleshed out in the context of the legal framework as well as expert knowledge. CONCLUSIONS The gaps and ambiguities in the IVDR crucially require the expertise of professional societies, alliances, and individual stakeholders to successfully facilitate the implementation and use of the IVDR in pathology departments and to avoid aberrant developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Kahles
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| | - Hannah Goldschmid
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Anna-Lena Volckmar
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Carolin Plöger
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Daniel Kazdal
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Roland Penzel
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Jan Budczies
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Gisela Kempny
- Bundesverband Deutscher Pathologen e. V., Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - Christa Flechtenmacher
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Gustavo Baretton
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Dresden Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - David Horst
- Institut für Pathologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - Ulrich M Gassner
- Juristische Fakultät, Universität Augsburg, Augsburg, Deutschland
| | - Monika Brüggemann
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Sektion für Hämatologische Spezialdiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Michael Vogeser
- Labormedizin, Klinische Massenspektrometrie, LMU München, München, Deutschland
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
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Kazmierczak M, Farré i Díaz C, Ofenbauer A, Herzog S, Tursun B. The CONJUDOR pipeline for multiplexed knockdown of gene pairs identifies RBBP-5 as a germ cell reprogramming barrier in C. elegans. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:e22. [PMID: 33290523 PMCID: PMC7913679 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple gene activities control complex biological processes such as cell fate specification during development and cellular reprogramming. Investigating the manifold gene functions in biological systems requires also simultaneous depletion of two or more gene activities. RNA interference-mediated knockdown (RNAi) is commonly used in Caenorhabditis elegans to assess essential genes, which otherwise lead to lethality or developmental arrest upon full knockout. RNAi application is straightforward by feeding worms with RNAi plasmid-containing bacteria. However, the general approach of mixing bacterial RNAi clones to deplete two genes simultaneously often yields poor results. To address this issue, we developed a bacterial conjugation-mediated double RNAi technique 'CONJUDOR'. It allows combining RNAi bacteria for robust double RNAi with high-throughput. To demonstrate the power of CONJUDOR for large scale double RNAi screens we conjugated RNAi against the histone chaperone gene lin-53 with more than 700 other chromatin factor genes. Thereby, we identified the Set1/MLL methyltransferase complex member RBBP-5 as a novel germ cell reprogramming barrier. Our findings demonstrate that CONJUDOR increases efficiency and versatility of RNAi screens to examine interconnected biological processes in C. elegans with high-throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Kazmierczak
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlota Farré i Díaz
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Ofenbauer
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergej Herzog
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Baris Tursun
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Hajduskova M, Baytek G, Kolundzic E, Gosdschan A, Kazmierczak M, Ofenbauer A, Beato Del Rosal ML, Herzog S, Ul Fatima N, Mertins P, Seelk-Müthel S, Tursun B. MRG-1/MRG15 Is a Barrier for Germ Cell to Neuron Reprogramming in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2019; 211:121-139. [PMID: 30425042 PMCID: PMC6325694 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin regulators play important roles in the safeguarding of cell identities by opposing the induction of ectopic cell fates and, thereby, preventing forced conversion of cell identities by reprogramming approaches. Our knowledge of chromatin regulators acting as reprogramming barriers in living organisms needs improvement as most studies use tissue culture. We used Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo gene discovery model and automated solid-phase RNA interference screening, by which we identified 10 chromatin-regulating factors that protect cells against ectopic fate induction. Specifically, the chromodomain protein MRG-1 safeguards germ cells against conversion into neurons. MRG-1 is the ortholog of mammalian MRG15 (MORF-related gene on chromosome 15) and is required during germline development in C. elegans However, MRG-1's function as a barrier for germ cell reprogramming has not been revealed previously. Here, we further provide protein-protein and genome interactions of MRG-1 to characterize its molecular functions. Conserved chromatin regulators may have similar functions in higher organisms, and therefore, understanding cell fate protection in C. elegans may also help to facilitate reprogramming of human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hajduskova
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gülkiz Baytek
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ena Kolundzic
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Gosdschan
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marlon Kazmierczak
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Ofenbauer
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Lena Beato Del Rosal
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergej Herzog
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nida Ul Fatima
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Seelk-Müthel
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Baris Tursun
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Selezska K, Kazmierczak M, Müsken M, Garbe J, Schobert M, Häussler S, Wiehlmann L, Rohde C, Sikorski J. Pseudomonas aeruginosa population structure revisited under environmental focus: impact of water quality and phage pressure. Environ Microbiol 2012; 14:1952-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Garbe J, Wesche A, Bunk B, Kazmierczak M, Selezska K, Rohde C, Sikorski J, Rohde M, Jahn D, Schobert M. Characterization of JG024, a pseudomonas aeruginosa PB1-like broad host range phage under simulated infection conditions. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:301. [PMID: 21110836 PMCID: PMC3008698 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes lung infections in patients suffering from the genetic disorder Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Once a chronic lung infection is established, P. aeruginosa cannot be eradicated by antibiotic treatment. Phage therapy is an alternative to treat these chronic P. aeruginosa infections. However, little is known about the factors which influence phage infection of P. aeruginosa under infection conditions and suitable broad host range phages. Results We isolated and characterized a phage, named JG024, which infects a broad range of clinical and environmental P. aeruginosa strains. Sequencing of the phage genome revealed that the phage JG024 is highly related to the ubiquitous and conserved PB1-like phages. The receptor of phage JG024 was determined as lipopolysaccharide. We used an artificial sputum medium to study phage infection under conditions similar to a chronic lung infection. Alginate production was identified as a factor reducing phage infectivity. Conclusions Phage JG024 is a suitable broad host range phage which could be used in phage therapy. Phage infection experiments under simulated chronic lung infection conditions showed that alginate production reduces phage infection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Garbe
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr, 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Janczak J, Lewandowski K, Kolacz E, Turowiecka Z, Zozulinska M, Kazmierczak M, Zawilska K. Antiphospholipid antibodies in patients diagnosed for thrombophilia. J Thromb Haemost 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2003.tb04718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Kriminski S, Kazmierczak M, Thorne RE. Heat transfer from protein crystals: implications for flash-cooling and X-ray beam heating. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2003; 59:697-708. [PMID: 12657789 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444903002713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2002] [Accepted: 01/31/2003] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three problems involving heat transfer from a protein crystal to a cooling agent are analyzed: flash-cooling in a cold nitrogen- or helium-gas stream, plunge-cooling into liquid nitrogen, propane or ethane and crystal heating in a cold gas stream owing to X-ray absorption. Heat transfer occurs by conduction inside the crystal and by convection from the crystal's outer surface to the cooling fluid. For flash-cooling in cold gas streams, heat transfer is limited by the rate of external convection; internal temperature gradients and crystal strains during cooling are very small. Helium gas provides only a threefold improvement in cooling rates relative to nitrogen because its much larger thermal conductivity is offset by its larger kinematic viscosity. Characteristic cooling times vary with crystal size L as L(3/2) and theoretical estimates of these times are consistent with experiments. Plunge-cooling into liquid cryogens, which can give much smaller convective thermal resistances provided that surface boiling is eliminated, can increase cooling rates by more than an order of magnitude. However, the internal conduction resistance is no longer negligible, producing much larger internal temperature gradients and strains that may damage larger crystals. Based on this analysis, factors affecting the success of flash-cooling experiments can be ordered from most to least important as follows: (1) crystal solvent content and solvent composition, (2) crystal size and shape, (3) amount of residual liquid around the crystal, (4) cooling method (liquid plunge versus gas stream), (5) choice of gas/liquid and (6) relative speed between cooling fluid and crystal. Crystal heating by X-ray absorption on present high-flux beamlines should be small. For a fixed flux and illuminated area, heating can be reduced by using crystals with areas normal to the beam that are much larger than the beam area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kriminski
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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9
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Rosenbaum G, Kazmierczak M. Sample heating at third generation synchrotrons: myth and reality. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302096149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kuzay TM, Kazmierczak M, Hsieh BJ. X-ray beam/biomaterial thermal interactions in third-generation synchrotron sources. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2001; 57:69-81. [PMID: 11134929 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444900013299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2000] [Accepted: 09/10/2000] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Third-generation synchrotron sources generate strong X-ray beams. The beam's interaction with biomaterials gives rise to concerns related to thermal damage and radiation damage. Of the two issues, the thermal interaction is conducive to rigorous analysis from first principles, although this has not been performed to date in a comprehensive manner. In this study, the interaction of the X-ray beam emanating from a third-generation synchrotron with a typical frozen biocrystal is theoretically studied, focusing specifically on the resulting unsteady (time-dependent) and steady heat-transfer phenomena. A unique regime map is developed to explain and to identify, on the basis of Fourier and Biot numbers as governing parameters, the applicable mathematical models that predict the subsequent thermal behavior. Depending on the values of these parameters, some simplified but realistic 'generic' solutions are generated that are suitable for that particular domain of applicability. Classical heat-transfer theory was used to describe the third-generation X-ray beam and biomaterial thermal interaction. Besides the generalized approach presented, numerous illustrative cases were solved and the resulting temperature levels are explicitly presented. Overall, the resulting thermal behavior of the system, i.e. peak and local temperature distribution, during both early transient development and for sustained long-time steady-state conditions, depends on a number of factors including the amount of energy absorbed, convective heat-transfer film coefficient and gas temperature, the sample size and shape, and the thermophysical properties of the sample and cooling gas. Results of the analysis revealed the strong influence that convection has on the transient and final steady-state temperature of the sample and the impact of internal heat conduction. The characteristic timescales of the important and dominant thermal processes with respect to the two types of thermal models are clearly identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Kuzay
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Shibly O, Ciancio SG, Kazmierczak M, Cohen RE, Mather ML, Ho A, Bessinger M. Clinical evaluation of the effect of a hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse, sodium bicarbonate dentifrice, and mouth moisturizer on oral health. J Clin Dent 1998; 8:145-9. [PMID: 9487836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this 60-day single-blind, parallel trial, using 150 subjects, was to evaluate the effect of a 20% sodium bicarbonate dentifrice, a 1.5% hydrogen peroxide solution and a mouth moisturizer on oral tissues and microflora. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of five groups. The treatments were: 1) Sage dentifrice (sodium bicarbonate). Toothette Plus containing baking soda saturated with the hydrogen peroxide solution and use of a mouth moisturizer, 2) Crest dentifrice, Toothette Plus containing baking soda saturated with the hydrogen peroxide solution and use of a mouth moisturizer, 3) Crest dentifrice, Toothette Plus containing baking soda with a control solution and no mouth moisturizer, 4) Crest dentifrice, Toothette (without baking soda), saturated with a control solution and no mouth moisturizer, and 5) Crest dentifrice, Toothette saturated with 1.5% flavored H2O2 and no mouth moisturizer. From a subgroup of 35 patients (seven from each group) buccal smears for exfoliative cytology were taken as were supragingival microbiological samples from the mesial aspect of first molars (pooled). Buccal smears were evaluated for signs of histopathological changes. Microbiological samples from supra- and subgingival plaque for P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans. A viscosus, F. nucleatum, F. sanguis and C. albicans were evaluated. Clinical parameters measured were a stain index (SI), the modified gingival index (MGI), and a plaque index (PI). There were no adverse changes in the oral microflora and no anaplastic or other pathological changes in any subjects. Clinical parameters showed a statistically significant reduction in the MGI ranging from 26.7-29.9% with no significant differences among the groups (p > 0.05). The PI showed small reductions in all groups except group 2, but the differences were not statistically significant from each other or baseline (p > 0.05). The SI revealed slight increases in all groups and no differences among the groups. It can be concluded that use of Sage dentifrice, Toothette Plus saturated with Perox-A-Mint and Sage Mouth Moisturizer are safe to oral tissues. Using these components did not result in clinically noticeable stain formation, promote plaque formation, or produce any significant adverse changes in the oral microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Shibly
- School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA
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12
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Wysocki H, Kazmierczak M, Wykretowicz A, Szczepanik A, Minczykowski A. Plasma chemotactic activity during dipyridamole induced myocardial ischemia. Int J Cardiol 1998; 63:15-9. [PMID: 9482140 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(97)00267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported that transient myocardial ischemia induced during exercise or dipyridamole challenge leads to the release of increased amounts of hydrogen peroxide into circulating blood. It would indicate that the temporary functional changes within myocardial cells may constitute there a sterile inflammatory area. Therefore we decided to evaluate the chemotactic properties of plasma in patients undergoing dipyridamole provocative test, as a sign of released inflammatory mediators. The ischemia occurrence was evaluated with 99mTc-SestaMIBI followed by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS Blood samples were obtained from the peripheral vein of 42 patients (18 men and 24 women, mean age 61 years). Plasma chemotactic activity was determined by the use of the Boyden chamber method: immediately before dipyridamole challenge (time 0), 7, and 30 min after drug infusion. The migration of control polymorphonuclear neutrophils towards evaluated plasma samples was estimated. RESULTS Chemotaxis of control PMNs towards plasma isolated from patients without signs of myocardial ischemia 7 min after dipyridamole administration was significantly diminished in comparison with baseline values (p=0.003). Plasma obtained 7 min after dipyridamole infusion from patients manifesting signs of myocardial ischemia by SPECT attracted control PMNs significantly more intensively in comparison to plasma isolated at time 0 (p=0.0005). CONCLUSIONS The obtained results indicate that transient myocardial ischemia induced by dipyridamole challenge leads to generation of chemotactic factors detectable in peripheral blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wysocki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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13
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Smielecki J, Wykretowicz A, Minczykowski A, Kazmierczak M, Wysocki H. The influence of electrical cardioversion on superoxide anions (O2-) production by polymorphonuclear neutrophils, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plasma level and malondialdehyde serum concentration. Int J Cardiol 1996; 56:137-43. [PMID: 8894784 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5273(96)02746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We studied the influence of electrical cardioversion on unstimulated and stimulated superoxide anion production by polymorphonuclear neutrophils in 22 patients with atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation. We also estimated hydrogen peroxide plasma level, as well as malondialdehyde serum concentration, in these subjects. We noted an increase in spontaneous production of superoxide anions from 14.9 +/- 1.8 nmol/10(6) neutrophils per 20 min to 21.37 +/- 2.7 nmol/10(6) neutrophils per 20 min (P = 0.002) in neutrophils obtained after electrical cardioversion. Similarly, stimulated production of O2- also increased after electrical cardioversion (41.8 +/ 3.4 nmol/10(6) neutrophils per 20 min vs. 59.0 +/- 5.9 nmol/10(6) neutrophils per 20 min, P = 0.0027). Moreover, hydrogen peroxide plasma level increased significantly after electrical cardioversion (39.9 +/- 6.2 mumol/l vs. 53.4 +/- 7.6 mol/l, P = 0.003). Serum malondialdehyde concentration also increased after countershock (2.56 +/- 0.26 nmol/ml vs. 2.94 +/- 0.26 nmol/ml, P = 0.023). These results seem to indicate that electrical cardioversion may lead to polymorphonuclear neutrophils activation, increased H2O2 production and lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smielecki
- Department of Intensive Internal Therapy, University School of Medicine, Poznań, Poland
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Kazmierczak M, Wysocki H, Wykretowicz A, Minczykowski A. Estimation of hydrogen peroxide plasma levels in patients evaluated for coronary heart disease using dipyridamole infusion followed by SPECT. Coron Artery Dis 1995; 6:65-9. [PMID: 7767505 DOI: 10.1097/00019501-199501000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged ischemia leads to myocardial infarction and increased formation of toxic oxygen radicals. These substances exert deleterious effects on myocardial cells, contributing to reperfusion injury and generation of arrhythmia. Little information is available, however, concerning the toxic oxygen species generated during transient ischemia. The purpose of our study was to estimate hydrogen peroxide plasma levels in patients subjected to short-lasting ischemia induced by a dipyridamole stress test used for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Evaluation of the performed test was carried out with 99mTc-SestaMIBI followed by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS Blood was obtained from peripheral veins of 53 patients (37 men and 16 women, mean age 49 +/- 11 years). Plasma hydrogen peroxide levels were estimated by spectrophotometric methods: immediately before a dipyridamole challenge and after drug infusion. RESULTS Hydrogen peroxide plasma levels in patients with a negative SPECT test were 23.5 +/- 3.0 mumol/l (mean +/- SEM) and 21.0 +/- 2.9 after the dipyridamole infusion (P = 0.474). Plasma concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in patients with a positive SPECT test were 30.5 +/- 4.6 and increased after dipyridamole challenge to 50.3 +/- 5.4 (P = 0.004). Further analysis revealed that the observed difference cannot be attributed to previous history of myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS Even transient myocardial ischemia can generate toxic oxygen derivatives. Evaluation of plasma levels of hydrogen peroxide may be of clinical relevance in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kazmierczak
- Department of Intensive Therapy, University School of Medicine, Poznan, Poland
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Kazmierczak M, Mather M, Anderson TM, Ciancio SG. An alternative to dental floss in a personal dental hygiene program. J Clin Dent 1994; 5:5-7. [PMID: 8031487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The concept of gingival massage on maintaining the health of the gingiva may be of value as an adjunct in the periodontal maintenance phase of treatment. This study compared dental floss to a test product, a massage device, in a randomized population of 20 male and female subjects. Clinical measurements were taken at baseline, week 3, and week 6. Patients were instructed to brush twice daily using their normal hygiene methods and to use the assigned product once daily. Plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI) and pocket probing depths did improve in both the control and the test groups, but the differences did not favor either group over the other. The gingival index (GI) did, however, significantly decrease in the massage group, suggesting that this product may not only be an alternative to dental floss, but may provide added benefits from gingival massaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kazmierczak
- Department of Periodontology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, New York
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Pernak J, Skrzypczak A, Michalak L, Jedraszczyk J, Krysiński J, Kazmierczak M, Mrówczyński B. [Iminium compounds against bacteria and fungi. 29. 3-Alkoxymethyl-1-ethyl-, 3-alkylthiomethyl-1-ethyl-, 3-alkoxymethyl-1-butyl-, and 3-alkylthiomethyl-1-butylbenzimidazolium chloride]. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1993; 326:237-40. [PMID: 8494485 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19933260411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Syntheses and antimicrobial activity of 3-alkoxymethyl-1-ethyl-, 3-alkylthiomethyl-1-ethyl-, 3-alkoxymethyl-1-butyl-, and 3-alkylthiomethyl-1-butylbenzimidazolium chlorides are described. The compounds were obtained by reaction of 1-ethyl- or 1-butylbenzimidazole with chloromethylalkyl ethers or chloromethylalkyl sulfide. Antibacterial properties were tested on 13 strains of bacteria and fungi. 3-Dodecylthio-methyl-1-ethyl-benzimidazolium chloride exhibited the highest antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pernak
- Institut für Chemische Technologie der Technischen Universität, Poznań, Polen
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Chen JJ, Kazmierczak M, Keyes T, Lempicki A. Angularly resolved light scattering from silica glass: Determination of the critical angle and scatterer density. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 41:12874-12881. [PMID: 9993763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kazmierczak M, Mather M, Ciancio S, Fischman S, Cancro L. Clinical evaluation of anticalculus dentifrices. Clin Prev Dent 1990; 12:13-7. [PMID: 2376102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and eighty-seven patients participated in a six-month study to evaluate the calculus-inhibiting effect of a zinc citrate dentifrice compared to Crest Tartar Control and a placebo, Crest Regular. The findings demonstrate a statistically significant calculus prevention benefit over Crest Regular for both Crest Tartar Control and a 2% zinc citrate/silica product. Compared to the control, the zinc citrate product reduced calculus formation by 32.3%, and Crest Tartar Control reduced it by 21.4%. These findings also demonstrate no statistically significant difference in stain or soft tissue status among the three dentifrices. All products were found to be safe to oral tissues and acceptable for taste.
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Kazmierczak M, Keyes T, Ohtsuki T. Determination of the number of scatterers in a finite volume by the statistical analysis of scattered light intensity. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1989; 39:1315-1319. [PMID: 9948320 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gillies R, Kazmierczak M, Keyes T, Wojtowicz AJ, Lempicki A. Rapid intensity fluctuations of light scattered by glasses. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 36:9413-9415. [PMID: 9942835 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.9413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Kazmierczak M, Poulikakos D, Pop I. MELTING FROM A FLAT PLATE EMBEDDED IN A POROUS MEDIUM IN THE PRESENCE OF STEADY NATURAL CONVECTION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1080/10407788608913536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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