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Heuser A, Abdul Rahman W, Bechter E, Blank J, Buhr S, Erdmann D, Fontana P, Mermet-Meillon F, Meyerhofer M, Strang R, Schrapp M, Zimmermann C, Cortes-Cros M, Möbitz H, Hamon J. Challenges for the Discovery of Non-Covalent WRN Helicase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300613. [PMID: 38334957 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The Werner Syndrome RecQ helicase (WRN) is a synthetic lethal target of interest for the treatment of cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI). Different hit finding approaches were initially tested. The identification of WRN inhibitors proved challenging due to a high propensity for artefacts via protein interference, i. e., hits inhibiting WRN enzymatic activities through multiple, unspecific mechanisms. Previously published WRN Helicase inhibitors (ML216, NSC19630 or NSC617145) were characterized in an extensive set of biochemical and biophysical assays and could be ruled out as specific WRN helicase probes. More innovative screening strategies need to be developed for successful drug discovery of non-covalent WRN helicase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Heuser
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Elisabeth Bechter
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jutta Blank
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Buhr
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Erdmann
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Fontana
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Marco Meyerhofer
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ross Strang
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Schrapp
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Marta Cortes-Cros
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Möbitz
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Hamon
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Pal S, Boynton A, Johnston R, Currimjee N, Qian K, Touat M, Bellamy C, Ho P, Root D, Persky N, Goodale A, Berstler J, Miller L, Guletsky A, Cortes-Cros M, Ligon K, Beroukhim R, Bandopadhayay P. EXTH-95. UNCOVERING THERAPEUTIC VULNERABILITIES IN MISMATCH REPAIR-DEFICIENT GLIOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9660830 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Approximately 25% of recurrent gliomas exhibit hypermutation, which is most often acquired in chemotherapy sensitive gliomas post-treatment with standard of care alkylating agent temozolomide, Intriguingly, nearly all of these recurrent hypermutant tumors harbor deficiencies in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Unlike other MMR-deficient cancers, hypermutant gliomas do not exhibit detectable microsatellite instability (MSI) at the population level, and do not share similar dependencies. Thus, strategies to therapeutically target MMR-deficient and hypermutant gliomas are urgently needed, and likely to impact many patients. To evaluate vulnerabilities associated with MMR-deficient gliomas, we have generated isogenic MMR-deficient models by systematic ablation of core MMR genes MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2, in multiple patient-derived glioma cell lines using a robust all-in-one CRISPR-Cas9 system. We characterized these isogenic MMR-deficient glioma lines in comparison to respective MMR-proficient control line by performing differential gene expression analysis and subsequent gene set enrichment analyses. Our analyses reveal in an unbiased fashion an enrichment of several hallmark gene sets including cell cycle control and DNA repair in the MMR-deficient cell lines. We performed a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen in these MMR deficient and hypermutant models and identified candidate genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle, RNA metabolism and other pathways as preferential dependencies in the MMR-deficient glioma cells. We also screened multiple MMR-deficient isogenic models against the high-throughput drug repurposing (REPO) chemical library and our preliminary results reveal a number of compounds from a variety of drug classes that selectively kill the MMR-deficient glioma cells, indicating that the loss of MMR confers differential dependencies to these small molecule inhibitors. The candidate drugs and genes identified from these high-throughput assays are currently being subjected to further validation, and they possibly will help us identify novel therapeutic strategies or improve existing therapeutic strategies to target recurrent MMR-deficient gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Pal
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA , USA
| | | | | | | | - Kenin Qian
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Mehdi Touat
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix , Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F-75013, Paris , France
| | | | - Patricia Ho
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA , USA
| | - David Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Nicole Persky
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA , USA
| | - Amy Goodale
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA , USA
| | - Jim Berstler
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA , USA
| | - Lisa Miller
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA , USA
| | - Alex Guletsky
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA , USA
| | | | - Keith Ligon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA , USA
| | | | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston MA , Boston, MA , USA
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Jeay S, Ferretti S, Holzer P, Fuchs J, Chapeau EA, Wartmann M, Sterker D, Romanet V, Murakami M, Kerr G, Durand EY, Gaulis S, Cortes-Cros M, Ruetz S, Stachyra TM, Kallen J, Furet P, Würthner J, Guerreiro N, Halilovic E, Jullion A, Kauffmann A, Kuriakose E, Wiesmann M, Jensen MR, Hofmann F, Sellers WR. Dose and Schedule Determine Distinct Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Efficacy of the p53-MDM2 Inhibitor HDM201. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6257-6267. [PMID: 30135191 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of p53 by inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 interaction is being pursued as a therapeutic strategy in p53 wild-type cancers. Here, we report distinct mechanisms by which the novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of the p53-MDM2 interaction HDM201 elicits therapeutic efficacy when applied at various doses and schedules. Continuous exposure of HDM201 led to induction of p21 and delayed accumulation of apoptotic cells. By comparison, high-dose pulses of HDM201 were associated with marked induction of PUMA and a rapid onset of apoptosis. shRNA screens identified PUMA as a mediator of the p53 response specifically in the pulsed regimen. Consistent with this, the single high-dose HDM201 regimen resulted in rapid and marked induction of PUMA expression and apoptosis together with downregulation of Bcl-xL in vivo Knockdown of Bcl-xL was identified as the top sensitizer to HDM201 in vitro, and Bcl-xL was enriched in relapsing tumors from mice treated with intermittent high doses of HDM201. These findings define a regimen-dependent mechanism by which disruption of MDM2-p53 elicits therapeutic efficacy when given with infrequent dosing. In an ongoing HDM201 trial, the observed exposure-response relationship indicates that the molecular mechanism elicited by pulse dosing is likely reproducible in patients. These data support the clinical comparison of daily and intermittent regimens of p53-MDM2 inhibitors.Significance: Pulsed high doses versus sustained low doses of the p53-MDM2 inhibitor HDM201 elicit a proapoptotic response from wild-type p53 cancer cells, offering guidance to current clinical trials with this and other drugs that exploit the activity of p53. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6257-67. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Jeay
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Ferretti
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp Holzer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeanette Fuchs
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emilie A Chapeau
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wartmann
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dario Sterker
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Romanet
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Masato Murakami
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grainne Kerr
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Y Durand
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Swann Gaulis
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marta Cortes-Cros
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Ruetz
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Joerg Kallen
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Furet
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Würthner
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nelson Guerreiro
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ensar Halilovic
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Audrey Kauffmann
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emil Kuriakose
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Marion Wiesmann
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael R Jensen
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Hofmann
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - William R Sellers
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Mullershausen F, Craveiro LM, Shin Y, Cortes-Cros M, Bassilana F, Osinde M, Wishart WL, Guerini D, Thallmair M, Schwab ME, Sivasankaran R, Seuwen K, Dev KK. Phosphorylated FTY720 promotes astrocyte migration through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. J Neurochem 2007; 102:1151-61. [PMID: 17488279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors are widely expressed in the central nervous system where they are thought to regulate glia cell function. The phosphorylated version of fingolimod/FTY720 (FTY720P) is active on a broad spectrum of S1P receptors and the parent compound is currently in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Here, we aimed to identify which cell type(s) and S1P receptor(s) of the central nervous system are targeted by FTY720P. Using calcium imaging in mixed cultures from embryonic rat cortex we show that astrocytes are the major cell type responsive to FTY720P in this assay. In enriched astrocyte cultures, we detect expression of S1P1 and S1P3 receptors and demonstrate that FTY720P activates Gi protein-mediated signaling cascades. We also show that FTY720P as well as the S1P1-selective agonist SEW2871 stimulate astrocyte migration. The data indicate that FTY720P exerts its effects on astrocytes predominantly via the activation of S1P1 receptors, whereas S1P signals through both S1P1 and S1P3 receptors. We suggest that this distinct pharmacological profile of FTY720P, compared with S1P, could play a role in the therapeutic effects of FTY720 in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mullershausen
- Department of G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
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Mullershausen F, Craveiro LM, Shin Y, Cortes-Cros M, Bassilana F, Osinde M, Wishart WL, Guerini D, Thallmair M, Schwab ME, Sivasankaran R, Seuwen K, Dev KK. Phosphorylated FTY720 promotes astrocyte migration through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. J Neurochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.4629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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