1
|
Eskes ECB, van der Lienden MJC, Sjouke B, van Vliet L, Brands MMMG, Hollak CEM, Aerts JMFG. Glycoprotein non-metastatic protein B (GPNMB) plasma values in patients with chronic visceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 139:107631. [PMID: 37453187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a rare LSD characterized by lysosomal accumulation of sphingomyelin, primarily in macrophages. With the recent availability of enzyme replacement therapy, the need for biomarkers to assess severity of disease has increased. Glycoprotein non-metastatic protein B (GPNMB) plasma levels were demonstrated to be elevated in Gaucher disease. Given the similarities between Gaucher disease and ASMD, the hypothesis was that GPNMB might be a potential biochemical marker for ASMD as well. Plasma samples of ASMD patients were analyzed and GPNMB plasma levels were compared to those of healthy volunteers. Visceral disease severity was classified as severe when splenic, hepatic and pulmonary manifestations were all present and as mild to moderate if this was not the case. Median GPNMB levels in 67 samples of 19 ASMD patients were 185 ng/ml (range 70-811 ng/ml) and were increased compared to 10 healthy controls (median 36 ng/ml, range 9-175 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Median plasma GPNMB levels of ASMD patients with mild to moderate visceral disease compared to patients with severe visceral disease differed significantly and did not overlap (respectively 109 ng/ml, range 70-304 ng/ml and 325 ng/ml, range 165-811 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Correlations with other biochemical markers of ASMD (i.e. chitotriosidase activity, CCL18 and lysosphingomyelin, respectively R = 0.28, p = 0.270; R = 0.34, p = 0.180; R = 0.39, p = 0.100) and clinical parameters (i.e. spleen volume, liver volume, diffusion capacity and forced vital capacity, respectively R = 0.59, p = 0.061, R = 0.5, p = 0.100, R = 0.065, p = 0.810, R = -0.38, p = 0.160) could not be established within this study. The results of this study suggest that GPNMB might be suitable as a biomarker of visceral disease severity in ASMD. Correlations between GPNMB and biochemical or clinical markers of ASMD and response to therapy have to be studied in a larger cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline C B Eskes
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn J C van der Lienden
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, University of Leiden, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Sjouke
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura van Vliet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, University of Leiden, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marion M M G Brands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla E M Hollak
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, University of Leiden, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eskes ECB, van der Lienden MJC, Roelofs JJTH, Vogt L, Aerts JMFG, Aten J, Hollak CEM. Renal involvement in a patient with the chronic visceral subtype of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency resembles Fabry disease. JIMD Rep 2021; 62:15-21. [PMID: 34765393 PMCID: PMC8574181 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) in which sphingomyelin accumulates due to deficient acid sphingomyelinase. In the chronic visceral subtype, organ manifestations are generally limited to the spleen, liver, and lungs. We report a male patient with the chronic visceral subtype who developed proteinuria and renal insufficiency at the age of 49. In renal tissue, foam cells were observed in the glomeruli as well as sphingomyelin accumulation within podocytes, mesangial cells, endothelial cells, and tubular epithelial cells. Although macrophages are the primary storage cells in both ASMD and Gaucher disease, comparison to the histopathological findings in Gaucher and Fabry disease revealed a diffuse storage pattern in multiple renal cell types, closer resembling the pattern found in Fabry disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline C. B. Eskes
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. C. van der Lienden
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joris J. T. H. Roelofs
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesDepartment of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Liffert Vogt
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesDepartment of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes M. F. G. Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Department of Medical BiochemistryUniversity of LeidenLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Aten
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Carla E. M. Hollak
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
van der Lienden MJC, Aten J, Marques ARA, Waas ISE, Larsen PWB, Claessen N, van der Wel NN, Ottenhoff R, van Eijk M, Aerts JMFG. GCase and LIMP2 Abnormalities in the Liver of Niemann Pick Type C Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2532. [PMID: 33802460 PMCID: PMC7959463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysosomal storage disease Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is caused by impaired cholesterol efflux from lysosomes, which is accompanied by secondary lysosomal accumulation of sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide (GlcCer). Similar to Gaucher disease (GD), patients deficient in glucocerebrosidase (GCase) degrading GlcCer, NPC patients show an elevated glucosylsphingosine and glucosylated cholesterol. In livers of mice lacking the lysosomal cholesterol efflux transporter NPC1, we investigated the expression of established biomarkers of lipid-laden macrophages of GD patients, their GCase status, and content on the cytosol facing glucosylceramidase GBA2 and lysosomal integral membrane protein type B (LIMP2), a transporter of newly formed GCase to lysosomes. Livers of 80-week-old Npc1-/- mice showed a partially reduced GCase protein and enzymatic activity. In contrast, GBA2 levels tended to be reciprocally increased with the GCase deficiency. In Npc1-/- liver, increased expression of lysosomal enzymes (cathepsin D, acid ceramidase) was observed as well as increased markers of lipid-stressed macrophages (GPNMB and galectin-3). Immunohistochemistry showed that the latter markers are expressed by lipid laden Kupffer cells. Earlier reported increase of LIMP2 in Npc1-/- liver was confirmed. Unexpectedly, immunohistochemistry showed that LIMP2 is particularly overexpressed in the hepatocytes of the Npc1-/- liver. LIMP2 in these hepatocytes seems not to only localize to (endo)lysosomes. The recent recognition that LIMP2 harbors a cholesterol channel prompts the speculation that LIMP2 in Npc1-/- hepatocytes might mediate export of cholesterol into the bile and thus protects the hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Aten
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.A.); (I.S.E.W.); (P.W.B.L.); (N.C.)
| | - André R. A. Marques
- Chronic Diseases Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ingeborg S. E. Waas
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.A.); (I.S.E.W.); (P.W.B.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Per W. B. Larsen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.A.); (I.S.E.W.); (P.W.B.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Nike Claessen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.A.); (I.S.E.W.); (P.W.B.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Nicole N. van der Wel
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Department Medical Biochemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.v.d.L.); (M.v.E.)
| | - Johannes M. F. G. Aerts
- Department Medical Biochemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.v.d.L.); (M.v.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bakkum T, Heemskerk MT, Bos E, Groenewold M, Oikonomeas-Koppasis N, Walburg KV, van Veen S, van der Lienden MJC, van Leeuwen T, Haks MC, Ottenhoff THM, Koster AJ, van Kasteren SI. Bioorthogonal Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macrophages Reveals the Effect of Antituberculosis Drugs on Subcellular Bacterial Distribution. ACS Cent Sci 2020; 6:1997-2007. [PMID: 33274277 PMCID: PMC7706097 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal correlative light-electron microscopy (B-CLEM) can give a detailed overview of multicomponent biological systems. It can provide information on the ultrastructural context of bioorthogonal handles and other fluorescent signals, as well as information about subcellular organization. We have here applied B-CLEM to the study of the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by generating a triply labeled Mtb through combined metabolic labeling of the cell wall and the proteome of a DsRed-expressing Mtb strain. Study of this pathogen in a B-CLEM setting was used to provide information about the intracellular distribution of the pathogen, as well as its in situ response to various clinical antibiotics, supported by flow cytometric analysis of the bacteria, after recovery from the host cell (ex cellula). The RNA polymerase-targeting drug rifampicin displayed the most prominent effect on subcellular distribution, suggesting the most direct effect on pathogenicity and/or viability, while the cell wall synthesis-targeting drugs isoniazid and ethambutol effectively rescued bacterial division-induced loss of metabolic labels. The three drugs combined did not give a more pronounced effect but rather an intermediate response, whereas gentamicin displayed a surprisingly strong additive effect on subcellular distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bakkum
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias T. Heemskerk
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Bos
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Groenewold
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Oikonomeas-Koppasis
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley V. Walburg
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. C. van der Lienden
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Tyrza van Leeuwen
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle C. Haks
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham J. Koster
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aerts JMFG, Kuo CL, Lelieveld LT, Boer DEC, van der Lienden MJC, Overkleeft HS, Artola M. Glycosphingolipids and lysosomal storage disorders as illustrated by gaucher disease. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 53:204-215. [PMID: 31783225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids are important building blocks of the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. They are continuously recycled, involving fragmentation inside lysosomes by glycosidases. Inherited defects in degradation cause lysosomal glycosphingolipid storage disorders. The relatively common glycosphingolipidosis Gaucher disease is highlighted here to discuss new insights in the molecular basis and pathophysiology of glycosphingolipidoses reached by fundamental research increasingly using chemical biology tools. We discuss improvements in the detection of glycosphingolipid metabolites by mass spectrometry and review new developments in laboratory diagnosis and disease monitoring as well as therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M F G Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Chi-Lin Kuo
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lindsey T Lelieveld
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne E C Boer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Artola
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van Meel E, Bos E, van der Lienden MJC, Overkleeft HS, van Kasteren SI, Koster AJ, Aerts JMFG. Localization of active endogenous and exogenous β-glucocerebrosidase by correlative light-electron microscopy in human fibroblasts. Traffic 2019; 20:346-356. [PMID: 30895685 PMCID: PMC6519279 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) is the enzyme that degrades glucosylceramide in lysosomes. Defects in GBA that result in overall loss of enzymatic activity give rise to the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease, which is characterized by the accumulation of glucosylceramide in tissue macrophages. Gaucher disease is currently treated by infusion of mannose receptor-targeted recombinant GBA. The recombinant GBA is thought to reach the lysosomes of macrophages, based on the impressive clinical response that is observed in Gaucher patients (type 1) receiving this enzyme replacement therapy. In this study, we used cyclophellitol-derived activity-based probes (ABPs) with a fluorescent reporter that irreversibly bind to the catalytic pocket of GBA, to visualize the active enzymes in a correlative microscopy approach. The uptake of pre-labeled recombinant enzyme was monitored by fluorescence and electron microscopy in human fibroblasts that stably expressed the mannose receptor. The endogenous active enzyme was simultaneously visualized by in situ labeling with the ABP containing an orthogonal fluorophore. This method revealed the efficient delivery of recombinant GBA to lysosomal target compartments that contained endogenous active enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline van Meel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Erik Bos
- Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Department of Bio‐organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Department of Bio‐organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Abraham J. Koster
- Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Johannes M. F. G. Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
van der Lienden MJC, Gaspar P, Boot R, Aerts JMFG, van Eijk M. Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Protein B: An Emerging Biomarker for Lysosomal Dysfunction in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E66. [PMID: 30586924 PMCID: PMC6337583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several diseases are caused by inherited defects in lysosomes, the so-called lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). In some of these LSDs, tissue macrophages transform into prominent storage cells, as is the case in Gaucher disease. Here, macrophages become the characteristic Gaucher cells filled with lysosomes laden with glucosylceramide, because of their impaired enzymatic degradation. Biomarkers of Gaucher cells were actively searched, particularly after the development of costly therapies based on enzyme supplementation and substrate reduction. Proteins selectively expressed by storage macrophages and secreted into the circulation were identified, among which glycoprotein non-metastatic protein B (GPNMB). This review focusses on the emerging potential of GPNMB as a biomarker of stressed macrophages in LSDs as well as in acquired pathologies accompanied by an excessive lysosomal substrate load in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Gaspar
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Rolf Boot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tol MJ, van der Lienden MJC, Gabriel TL, Hagen JJ, Scheij S, Veenendaal T, Klumperman J, Donker-Koopman WE, Verhoeven AJ, Overkleeft H, Aerts JM, Argmann CA, van Eijk M. HEPES activates a MiT/TFE-dependent lysosomal-autophagic gene network in cultured cells: A call for caution. Autophagy 2018; 14:437-449. [PMID: 29455584 PMCID: PMC5915011 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1419118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the lysosome has emerged as a highly dynamic, transcriptionally regulated organelle that is integral to nutrient-sensing and metabolic rewiring. This is coordinated by a lysosome-to-nucleus signaling nexus in which MTORC1 controls the subcellular distribution of the microphthalmia-transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) family of “master lysosomal regulators”. Yet, despite the importance of the lysosome in cellular metabolism, the impact of traditional in vitro culture media on lysosomal dynamics and/or MiT/TFE localization has not been fully appreciated. Here, we identify HEPES, a chemical buffering agent that is broadly applied in cell culture, as a potent inducer of lysosome biogenesis. Supplementation of HEPES to cell growth media is sufficient to decouple the MiT/TFE family members–TFEB, TFE3 and MITF–from regulatory mechanisms that control their cytosolic retention. Increased MiT/TFE nuclear import in turn drives the expression of a global network of lysosomal-autophagic and innate host-immune response genes, altering lysosomal dynamics, proteolytic capacity, autophagic flux, and inflammatory signaling. In addition, siRNA-mediated MiT/TFE knockdown effectively blunted HEPES-induced lysosome biogenesis and gene expression profiles. Mechanistically, we show that MiT/TFE activation in response to HEPES requires its macropinocytic ingestion and aberrant lysosomal storage/pH, but is independent of MTORC1 signaling. Altogether, our data underscore the cautionary use of chemical buffering agents in cell culture media due to their potentially confounding effects on experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Tol
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands.,b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | | | - Tanit L Gabriel
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Jacob J Hagen
- d Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences , Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
| | - Saskia Scheij
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Tineke Veenendaal
- e Department of Cell Biology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- e Department of Cell Biology , University Medical Centre Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Wilma E Donker-Koopman
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Arthur J Verhoeven
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands
| | - Hermen Overkleeft
- c Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M Aerts
- c Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , The Netherlands
| | - Carmen A Argmann
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands.,d Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences , Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
| | - Marco van Eijk
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , University of Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , The Netherlands.,c Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|