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Alonso-Rodríguez N, Vianello E, van Veen S, Jenum S, Tonby K, van Riessen R, Lai X, Mortensen R, Ottenhoff THM, Dyrhol-Riise AM. Whole blood RNA signatures in tuberculosis patients receiving H56:IC31 vaccine as adjunctive therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1350593. [PMID: 38433842 PMCID: PMC10904528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Therapeutic vaccination in tuberculosis (TB) represents a Host Directed Therapy strategy which enhances immune responses in order to improve clinical outcomes and shorten TB treatment. Previously, we have shown that the subunit H56:IC31 vaccine induced both humoral and cellular immune responses when administered to TB patients adjunctive to standard TB treatment (TBCOX2 study, NCT02503839). Here we present the longitudinal whole blood gene expression patterns in H56:IC31 vaccinated TB patients compared to controls receiving standard TB treatment only. Methods The H56:IC31 group (N=11) and Control group (N=7) underwent first-line TB treatment for 182 days. The H56:IC31 group received 5 micrograms of the H56:IC31 vaccine (Statens Serum Institut; SSI, Valneva Austria GmbH) intramuscularly at day 84 and day 140. Total RNA was extracted from whole blood samples collected in PAXgene tubes on days 0, 84, 98, 140, 154, 182 and 238. The expression level of 183 immune-related genes was measured by high-throughput microfluidic qPCR (Biomark HD system, Standard BioTools). Results The targeted gene expression profiling unveiled the upregulation of modules such as interferon (IFN) signalling genes, pattern recognition receptors and small nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-ases in the vaccinated group compared to controls two weeks after administration of the first H56:IC31 vaccine. Additionally, the longitudinal analysis of the Adolescent Cohort Study-Correlation of Risk (ACS-COR) signature showed a progressive downregulation in both study arms towards the end of TB treatment, in congruence with reported treatment responses and clinical improvements. Still, two months after the end of TB treatment, vaccinated patients, and especially those developing both cellular and humoral vaccine responses, showed a lower expression of the ACS-COR genes compared to controls. Discussion Our data report gene expression patterns following H56:IC31 vaccination which might be interpreted as a lower risk of relapse in therapeutically vaccinated patients. Further studies are needed to conclude if these gene expression patterns could be used as prognostic biosignatures for therapeutic TB vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Vianello
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Synne Jenum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tonby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rosalie van Riessen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Xiaoran Lai
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Mortensen
- Deptartment of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Vianello E, Persson J, Andersson B, van Veen S, Dias TL, Santoro F, Östensson M, Obudulu O, Agbajogu C, Torkzadeh S, Nakaya HI, Medaglini D, Siegrist CA, Ottenhoff TH, Harandi AM. Global blood miRNA profiling unravels early signatures of immunogenicity of Ebola vaccine rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP. iScience 2023; 26:108574. [PMID: 38162033 PMCID: PMC10755791 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The vectored Ebola vaccine rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP elicits protection against Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). In a study of forty-eight healthy adult volunteers who received either the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccine or placebo, we profiled intracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) from whole blood cells (WB) and circulating miRNAs from serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) at baseline and longitudinally following vaccination. Further, we identified early miRNA signatures associated with ZEBOV-specific IgG antibody responses at baseline and up to one year post-vaccination, and pinpointed target mRNA transcripts and pathways correlated to miRNAs whose expression was altered after vaccination by using systems biology approaches. Several miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) and miRNA signatures predicted high or low IgG ZEBOV-specific antibody levels with high classification performance. The top miRNA discriminators were WB-miR-6810, EV-miR-7151-3p, and EV-miR-4426. An eight-miRNA antibody predictive signature was associated with immune-related target mRNAs and pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into early blood biomarkers associated with rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccine-induced IgG antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vianello
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Andersson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Malin Östensson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ogonna Obudulu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Agbajogu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Torkzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Donata Medaglini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Centre for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tom H.M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Barclay AM, Ninaber DK, van Veen S, Hiemstra PS, Ottenhoff THM, van der Does AM, Joosten SA. Airway epithelial cells mount an early response to mycobacterial infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1253037. [PMID: 37822359 PMCID: PMC10562574 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1253037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung epithelial cells represent the first line of host defence against foreign inhaled components, including respiratory pathogens. Their responses to these exposures may direct subsequent immune activation to these pathogens. The epithelial response to mycobacterial infections is not well characterized and may provide clues to why some mycobacterial infections are cleared, while others are persistent and pathogenic. We have utilized an air-liquid interface model of human primary bronchial epithelial cells (ALI-PBEC) to investigate the epithelial response to infection with a variety of mycobacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), M. bovis (BCG), M. avium, and M. smegmatis. Airway epithelial cells were found to be infected by all four species, albeit at low frequencies. The proportion of infected epithelial cells was lowest for Mtb and highest for M. avium. Differential gene expression analysis revealed a common epithelial host response to mycobacteria, including upregulation of BIRC3, S100A8 and DEFB4, and downregulation of BPIFB1 at 48 h post infection. Apical secretions contained predominantly pro-inflammatory cytokines, while basal secretions contained tissue growth factors and chemokines. Finally, we show that neutrophils were attracted to both apical and basal secretions of infected ALI-PBEC. Neutrophils were attracted in high numbers to apical secretions from PBEC infected with all mycobacteria, with the exception of secretions from M. avium-infected ALI-PBEC. Taken together, our results show that airway epithelial cells are differentially infected by mycobacteria, and react rapidly by upregulation of antimicrobials, and increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines which directly attract neutrophils. Thus, the airway epithelium may be an important immunological component in controlling and regulating mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Barclay
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dennis K. Ninaber
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne M. van der Does
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Eckold C, van Doorn CLR, Ruslami R, Ronacher K, Riza A, van Veen S, Lee J, Kumar V, Kerry‐Barnard S, Malherbe ST, Kleynhans L, Stanley K, Joosten SA, Critchley JA, Hill PC, van Crevel R, Wijmenga C, Haks MC, Ioana M, Alisjahbana B, Walzl G, Ottenhoff THM, Dockrell HM, Vianello E, Cliff JM. Impaired resolution of blood transcriptomes through tuberculosis treatment with diabetes comorbidity. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1375. [PMID: 37649224 PMCID: PMC10468587 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with diabetes are more likely to develop tuberculosis (TB) and to have poor TB-treatment outcomes than those without. We previously showed that blood transcriptomes in people with TB-diabetes (TB-DM) co-morbidity have excessive inflammatory and reduced interferon responses at diagnosis. It is unknown whether this persists through treatment and contributes to the adverse outcomes. METHODS Pulmonary TB patients recruited in South Africa, Indonesia and Romania were classified as having TB-DM, TB with prediabetes, TB-related hyperglycaemia or TB-only, based on glycated haemoglobin concentration at TB diagnosis and after 6 months of TB treatment. Gene expression in blood at diagnosis and intervals throughout treatment was measured by unbiased RNA-Seq and targeted Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification. Transcriptomic data were analysed by longitudinal mixed-model regression to identify whether genes were differentially expressed between clinical groups through time. Predictive models of TB-treatment response across groups were developed and cross-tested. RESULTS Gene expression differed between TB and TB-DM patients at diagnosis and was modulated by TB treatment in all clinical groups but to different extents, such that differences remained in TB-DM relative to TB-only throughout. Expression of some genes increased through TB treatment, whereas others decreased: some were persistently more highly expressed in TB-DM and others in TB-only patients. Genes involved in innate immune responses, anti-microbial immunity and inflammation were significantly upregulated in people with TB-DM throughout treatment. The overall pattern of change was similar across clinical groups irrespective of diabetes status, permitting models predictive of TB treatment to be developed. CONCLUSIONS Exacerbated transcriptome changes in TB-DM take longer to resolve during TB treatment, meaning they remain different from those in uncomplicated TB after treatment completion. This may indicate a prolonged inflammatory response in TB-DM, requiring prolonged treatment or host-directed therapy for complete cure. Development of transcriptome-based biomarker signatures of TB-treatment response should include people with diabetes for use across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Eckold
- Department of Infection Biology and TB CentreLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | | | - Rovina Ruslami
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversitas PadjadjaranBandungIndonesia
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- DSI‐NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis ResearchSouth African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis ResearchDivision of Molecular Biology and Human GeneticsDepartment of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
- Mater Research InstituteFaculty of MedicineTranslational Research InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Anca‐Lelia Riza
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious DiseasesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Human Genomics LaboratoryDepartment of Diagnostics and TreatmentUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy of CraiovaCraiovaRomania
- Regional Centre for Human Genetics – DoljEmergency Clinical County Hospital CraiovaCraiovaRomania
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious DiseasesLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Ji‐Sook Lee
- Department of Infection Biology and TB CentreLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious DiseasesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Stephanus T. Malherbe
- DSI‐NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis ResearchSouth African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis ResearchDivision of Molecular Biology and Human GeneticsDepartment of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Léanie Kleynhans
- DSI‐NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis ResearchSouth African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis ResearchDivision of Molecular Biology and Human GeneticsDepartment of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Kim Stanley
- DSI‐NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis ResearchSouth African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis ResearchDivision of Molecular Biology and Human GeneticsDepartment of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious DiseasesLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Julia A Critchley
- Population Health Research InstituteSt George'sUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Philip C. Hill
- Division of Health SciencesCentre for International HealthUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious DiseasesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of MedicineCentre for Tropical Medicine and Global HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle C. Haks
- Department of Infectious DiseasesLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Mihai Ioana
- Human Genomics LaboratoryDepartment of Diagnostics and TreatmentUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy of CraiovaCraiovaRomania
- Regional Centre for Human Genetics – DoljEmergency Clinical County Hospital CraiovaCraiovaRomania
| | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- Internal Medicine DepartmentHasan Sadikin General HospitalBandungIndonesia
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious DiseasesUniversitas PadjadjaranBandungIndonesia
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DSI‐NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis ResearchSouth African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis ResearchDivision of Molecular Biology and Human GeneticsDepartment of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious DiseasesLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Hazel M. Dockrell
- Department of Infection Biology and TB CentreLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Eleonora Vianello
- Department of Infectious DiseasesLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M. Cliff
- Department of Infection Biology and TB CentreLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- Department of Life SciencesCentre for Inflammation Research and Translational MedicineBrunel University LondonLondonUK
| | - the TANDEM Consortium$
- Department of Infection Biology and TB CentreLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
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5
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Straat ME, Martinez-Tellez B, van Eyk HJ, Bizino MB, van Veen S, Vianello E, Stienstra R, Ottenhoff THM, Lamb HJ, Smit JWA, Jazet IM, Rensen PCN, Boon MR. Differences in Inflammatory Pathways Between Dutch South Asians vs Dutch Europids With Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:931-940. [PMID: 36262060 PMCID: PMC9999357 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT South Asian individuals are more prone to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) coinciding with earlier complications than Europids. While inflammation plays a central role in the development and progression of T2D, this factor is still underexplored in South Asians. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to study whether circulating messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts of immune genes are different between South Asian compared with Europid patients with T2D. METHODS A secondary analysis was conducted of 2 randomized controlled trials of Dutch South Asian (n = 45; age: 55 ± 10 years, body mass index [BMI]: 29 ± 4 kg/m2) and Dutch Europid (n = 44; age: 60 ± 7 years, BMI: 32 ± 4 kg/m2) patients with T2D. Main outcome measures included mRNA transcripts of 182 immune genes (microfluidic quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Fluidigm Inc) in fasted whole-blood, ingenuity pathway analyses (Qiagen). RESULTS South Asians, compared to Europids, had higher mRNA levels of B-cell markers (CD19, CD79A, CD79B, CR2, CXCR5, IGHD, MS4A1, PAX5; all fold change > 1.3, false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.008) and interferon (IFN)-signaling genes (CD274, GBP1, GBP2, GBP5, FCGR1A/B/CP, IFI16, IFIT3, IFITM1, IFITM3, TAP1; all FC > 1.2, FDR < 0.05). In South Asians, the IFN signaling pathway was the top canonical pathway (z score 2.6; P < .001) and this was accompanied by higher plasma IFN-γ levels (FC = 1.5, FDR = 0.01). Notably, the ethnic difference in gene expression was larger for women (20/182 [11%]) than men (2/182 [1%]). CONCLUSION South Asian patients with T2D show a more activated IFN-signaling pathway compared to Europid patients with T2D, which is more pronounced in women than men. We speculate that a more activated IFN-signaling pathway may contribute to the more rapid progression of T2D in South Asian compared with Europid individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike E Straat
- Correspondence: Mariëtte R. Boon, MD PhD, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Huub J van Eyk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maurice B Bizino
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Vianello
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes W A Smit
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Jazet
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
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van Doorn CLR, Eckold C, Ronacher K, Ruslami R, van Veen S, Lee JS, Kumar V, Kerry-Barnard S, Malherbe ST, Kleynhans L, Stanley K, Hill PC, Joosten SA, van Crevel R, Wijmenga C, Critchley JA, Walzl G, Alisjahbana B, Haks MC, Dockrell HM, Ottenhoff THM, Vianello E, Cliff JM. Transcriptional profiles predict treatment outcome in patients with tuberculosis and diabetes at diagnosis and at two weeks after initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104173. [PMID: 35841871 PMCID: PMC9297076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the tuberculosis (TB) treatment success rate is approximately 85%, with treatment failure, relapse and death occurring in a significant proportion of pulmonary TB patients. Treatment success is lower among people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Predicting treatment outcome early after diagnosis, especially in TB-DM patients, would allow early treatment adaptation for individuals and may improve global TB control. METHODS Samples were collected in a longitudinal cohort study of adult TB patients from South Africa (n = 94) and Indonesia (n = 81), who had concomitant DM (n = 59), intermediate hyperglycaemia (n = 79) or normal glycaemia/no DM (n = 37). Treatment outcome was monitored, and patients were categorized as having a good (cured) or poor (failed, recurrence, died) outcome during treatment and 12 months follow-up. Whole blood transcriptional profiles before, during and at the end of TB treatment were characterized using unbiased RNA-Seq and targeted gene dcRT-MLPA. FINDINGS We report differences in whole blood transcriptome profiles, which were observed before initiation of treatment and throughout treatment, between patients with a good versus poor TB treatment outcome. An eight-gene and a 22-gene blood transcriptional signature distinguished patients with a good TB treatment outcome from patients with a poor TB treatment outcome at diagnosis (AUC = 0·815) or two weeks (AUC = 0·834) after initiation of TB treatment, respectively. High accuracy was obtained by cross-validating this signature in an external cohort (AUC = 0·749). INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that transcriptional profiles can be used as a prognostic biomarker for treatment failure and success, even in patients with concomitant DM. FUNDING The research leading to these results, as part of the TANDEM Consortium, received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013 Grant Agreement No. 305279) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-TOP Grant Agreement No. 91214038). The research leading to the results presented in the Indian validation cohort was supported by Research Council of Norway Global Health and Vaccination Research (GLOBVAC) projects: RCN 179342, 192534, and 248042, the University of Bergen (Norway).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L R van Doorn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Clare Eckold
- Dept of Infection Biology and TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rovina Ruslami
- TB-HIV Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ji-Sook Lee
- Dept of Infection Biology and TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Vinod Kumar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Kerry-Barnard
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London
| | - Stephanus T Malherbe
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Léanie Kleynhans
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kim Stanley
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Philip C Hill
- Centre for International Health, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Julia A Critchley
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- TB-HIV Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hazel M Dockrell
- Dept of Infection Biology and TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Vianello
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jacqueline M Cliff
- Dept of Infection Biology and TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
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dos Santos CC, Walburg KV, van Veen S, Wilson LG, Trufen CEM, Nascimento IP, Ottenhoff THM, Leite LCC, Haks MC. Recombinant BCG-LTAK63 Vaccine Candidate for Tuberculosis Induces an Inflammatory Profile in Human Macrophages. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060831. [PMID: 35746439 PMCID: PMC9227035 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 leading causes of death worldwide. The recombinant BCG strain expressing the genetically detoxified A subunit of the thermolabile toxin from Escherichia coli (LTAK63) adjuvant (rBCG-LTAK63) has previously been shown to confer superior protection and immunogenicity compared to BCG in a murine TB infection model. To further investigate the immunological mechanisms induced by rBCG-LTAK63, we evaluated the immune responses induced by rBCG-LTAK63, BCG, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv strains in experimental infections of primary human M1 and M2 macrophages at the transcriptomic and cytokine secretion levels. The rBCG-LTAK63-infected M1 macrophages more profoundly upregulated interferon-inducible genes such as IFIT3, OAS3, and antimicrobial gene CXCL9 compared to BCG, and induced higher levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12(p70), TNF-β, and IL-15. The rBCG-LTAK63-infected M2 macrophages more extensively upregulated transcripts of inflammation-related genes, TAP1, GBP1, SLAMF7, TNIP1, and IL6, and induced higher levels of cytokines related to inflammation and tissue repair, MCP-3 and EGF, as compared to BCG. Thus, our data revealed an important signature of immune responses induced in human macrophages by rBCG-LTAK63 associated with increased inflammation, activation, and tissue repair, which may be correlated with a protective immune response against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina C. dos Santos
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.V.W.); (S.v.V.); (L.G.W.); (T.H.M.O.); (M.C.H.)
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.C.d.S.); (L.C.C.L.)
| | - Kimberley V. Walburg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.V.W.); (S.v.V.); (L.G.W.); (T.H.M.O.); (M.C.H.)
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.V.W.); (S.v.V.); (L.G.W.); (T.H.M.O.); (M.C.H.)
| | - Louis G. Wilson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.V.W.); (S.v.V.); (L.G.W.); (T.H.M.O.); (M.C.H.)
| | | | - Ivan P. Nascimento
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.V.W.); (S.v.V.); (L.G.W.); (T.H.M.O.); (M.C.H.)
| | - Luciana C. C. Leite
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.C.d.S.); (L.C.C.L.)
| | - Mariëlle C. Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (K.V.W.); (S.v.V.); (L.G.W.); (T.H.M.O.); (M.C.H.)
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8
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Straat ME, Martinez-Tellez B, Janssen LG, van Veen S, van Eenige R, Kharagjitsing AV, van den Berg SA, de Rijke YB, Haks MC, Rensen PC, Boon MR. The effect of cold exposure on circulating transcript levels of immune genes in Dutch South Asian and Dutch Europid men. J Therm Biol 2022; 107:103259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Persson J, Andersson B, van Veen S, Haks MC, Obudulu O, Torkzadeh S, Ottenhoff TH, Kanberg N, Gisslén M, Andersson LM, Harandi AM. Stratification of COVID-19 patients based on quantitative immune-related gene expression in whole blood. Mol Immunol 2022; 145:17-26. [PMID: 35272104 PMCID: PMC8894815 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes mild symptoms in the majority of infected individuals, yet in some cases it leads to a life-threatening condition. Determination of early predictive biomarkers enabling risk stratification for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can inform treatment and intervention strategies. Herein, we analyzed whole blood samples obtained from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, varying from mild to critical symptoms, approximately one week after symptom onset. In order to identify blood-specific markers of disease severity status, a targeted expression analysis of 143 immune-related genes was carried out by dual-color reverse transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (dcRT-MLPA). The clinically well-defined subgroups of COVID-19 patients were compared with healthy controls. The transcriptional profile of the critically ill patients clearly separated from that of healthy individuals. Moreover, the number of differentially expressed genes increased by severity of COVID-19. It was also found that critically ill patients can be distinguished by reduced peripheral blood expression of several genes, which most likely reflects the lower lymphocyte counts. There was a notable predominance of IFN-associated gene expression in all subgroups of COVID-19, which was most profound in critically ill patients. Interestingly, the gene encoding one of the main TNF-receptors, TNFRS1A, had selectively lower expression in mild COVID-19 cases. This report provides added value in understanding COVID-19 disease, and shows potential of determining early immune transcript signatures in the blood of patients with different disease severity. These results can guide further explorations to uncover mechanisms underlying immunity and immunopathology in COVID-19.
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10
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Vianello E, Gonzalez-Dias P, van Veen S, Engele CG, Quinten E, Monath TP, Medaglini D, Santoro F, Huttner A, Dubey S, Eichberg M, Ndungu FM, Kremsner PG, Essone PN, Agnandji ST, Siegrist CA, Nakaya HI, Ottenhoff THM, Haks MC. Transcriptomic signatures induced by the Ebola virus vaccine rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP in adult cohorts in Europe, Africa, and North America: a molecular biomarker study. Lancet Microbe 2022; 3:e113-e123. [PMID: 35544042 PMCID: PMC7613316 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector expressing the Zaire Ebola virus glycoprotein (rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP) vaccine has been reported as safe, immunogenic, and highly protective in a ring vaccination trial. We aimed to identify transcriptomic immune response biomarker signatures induced by vaccination and associated signatures with its immunogenicity and reactogenicity to better understand the potential mechanisms of action of the vaccine. METHODS 354 healthy adult volunteers were vaccinated in randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in Europe (Geneva, Switzerland [November, 2014, to January, 2015]) and North America (USA [Dec 5, 2014, to June 23, 2015]), and dose-escalation trials in Africa (Lambaréné, Gabon [November, 2014, to January, 2015], and Kilifi, Kenya [December, 2014, to January, 2015]) using different doses of the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector expressing the Zaire Ebola virus glycoprotein (rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP; 3 × 105 to 1 × 108 plaque-forming units [pfu]). Longitudinal transcriptomic responses (days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 28) were measured in whole blood using a targeted gene expression profiling platform (dual-colour reverse-transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification) focusing on 144 immune-related genes. The effect of time and dose on transcriptomic response was also assessed. Logistic regression with lasso regularisation was applied to identify host signatures with optimal discriminatory capability of vaccination at day 1 or day 7 versus baseline, whereas random-effects models and recursive feature elimination combined with regularised logistic regression were used to associate signatures with immunogenicity and reactogenicity. FINDINGS Our results indicated that perturbation of gene expression peaked on day 1 and returned to baseline levels between day 7 and day 28. The magnitude of the response was dose-dependent, with vaccinees receiving a high dose (≥9 × 106 pfu) of rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP exhibiting the largest amplitude. The most differentially expressed genes that were significantly upregulated following vaccination consisted of type I and II interferon-related genes and myeloid cell-associated markers, whereas T cell, natural killer cell, and cytotoxicity-associated genes were downregulated. A gene signature associated with immunogenicity (common to all four cohorts) was identified correlating gene expression profiles with ZEBOV-GP antibody titres and a gene signatures associated with reactogenicity (Geneva cohort) was identified correlating gene expression profiles with an adverse event (ie, arthritis). INTERPRETATION Collectively, our results identify and cross-validate immune-related transcriptomic signatures induced by rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccination in four cohorts of adult participants from different genetic and geographical backgrounds. These signatures will aid in the rational development, testing, and evaluation of novel vaccines and will allow evaluation of the effect of host factors such as age, co-infection, and comorbidity on responses to vaccines. FUNDING Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vianello
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Patricia Gonzalez-Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Carmen G Engele
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Edwin Quinten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Sclavo Vaccines Association, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Santoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Angela Huttner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sheri Dubey
- Department of Vaccine and Biologics Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Michael Eichberg
- Department of Vaccine and Biologics Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Francis M Ndungu
- Department of Biosciences, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paulin N Essone
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Selidji Todagbe Agnandji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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11
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van Doorn CLR, Schouten GK, van Veen S, Walburg KV, Esselink JJ, Heemskerk MT, Vrieling F, Ottenhoff THM. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Inhibitor Dichloroacetate Improves Host Control of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:739938. [PMID: 34552598 PMCID: PMC8450447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.739938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Global increases in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance highlight the urgent need for novel strategies to combat infectious diseases. Recent studies suggest that host metabolic pathways play a key role in host control of intracellular bacterial pathogens. In this study we explored the potential of targeting host metabolic pathways for innovative host-directed therapy (HDT) against intracellular bacterial infections. Through gene expression profiling in human macrophages, pyruvate metabolism was identified as potential key pathway involved in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Stm) infections. Next, the effect of targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) - which are regulators of the metabolic checkpoint pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) - on macrophage function and bacterial control was studied. Chemical inhibition of PDKs by dichloroacetate (DCA) induced PDC activation and was accompanied with metabolic rewiring in classically activated macrophages (M1) but not in alternatively activated macrophages (M2), suggesting cell-type specific effects of dichloroacetate on host metabolism. Furthermore, DCA treatment had minor impact on cytokine and chemokine secretion on top of infection, but induced significant ROS production by M1 and M2. DCA markedly and rapidly reduced intracellular survival of Stm, but interestingly not Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in human macrophages in a host-directed manner. In conclusion, DCA represents a promising novel HDT compound targeting pyruvate metabolism for the treatment of Stm infections.
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12
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Bakkum T, Heemskerk MT, Bos E, Groenewold M, Oikonomeas-Koppasis N, Walburg KV, van Veen S, van der Lienden MJC, van Leeuwen T, Haks MC, Ottenhoff THM, Koster AJ, van Kasteren SI. Bioorthogonal Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macrophages Reveals the Effect of Antituberculosis Drugs on Subcellular Bacterial Distribution. ACS Cent Sci 2020; 6:1997-2007. [PMID: 33274277 PMCID: PMC7706097 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal correlative light-electron microscopy (B-CLEM) can give a detailed overview of multicomponent biological systems. It can provide information on the ultrastructural context of bioorthogonal handles and other fluorescent signals, as well as information about subcellular organization. We have here applied B-CLEM to the study of the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by generating a triply labeled Mtb through combined metabolic labeling of the cell wall and the proteome of a DsRed-expressing Mtb strain. Study of this pathogen in a B-CLEM setting was used to provide information about the intracellular distribution of the pathogen, as well as its in situ response to various clinical antibiotics, supported by flow cytometric analysis of the bacteria, after recovery from the host cell (ex cellula). The RNA polymerase-targeting drug rifampicin displayed the most prominent effect on subcellular distribution, suggesting the most direct effect on pathogenicity and/or viability, while the cell wall synthesis-targeting drugs isoniazid and ethambutol effectively rescued bacterial division-induced loss of metabolic labels. The three drugs combined did not give a more pronounced effect but rather an intermediate response, whereas gentamicin displayed a surprisingly strong additive effect on subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bakkum
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias T. Heemskerk
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Bos
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Groenewold
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Oikonomeas-Koppasis
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley V. Walburg
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. C. van der Lienden
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Tyrza van Leeuwen
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle C. Haks
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University
Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham J. Koster
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry and The Institute of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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13
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Moreira JD, Koch BEV, van Veen S, Walburg KV, Vrieling F, Mara Pinto Dabés Guimarães T, Meijer AH, Spaink HP, Ottenhoff THM, Haks MC, Heemskerk MT. Functional Inhibition of Host Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) Enhances in vitro and in vivo Anti-mycobacterial Activity in Human Macrophages and in Zebrafish. Front Immunol 2020; 11:36. [PMID: 32117228 PMCID: PMC7008710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and persistent increase of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections poses increasing global problems in combatting tuberculosis (TB), prompting for the development of alternative strategies including host-directed therapy (HDT). Since Mtb is an intracellular pathogen with a remarkable ability to manipulate host intracellular signaling pathways to escape from host defense, pharmacological reprogramming of the immune system represents a novel, potentially powerful therapeutic strategy that should be effective also against drug-resistant Mtb. Here, we found that host-pathogen interactions in Mtb-infected primary human macrophages affected host epigenetic features by modifying histone deacetylase (HDAC) transcriptomic levels. In addition, broad spectrum inhibition of HDACs enhanced the antimicrobial response of both pro-inflammatory macrophages (Mϕ1) and anti-inflammatory macrophages (Mϕ2), while selective inhibition of class IIa HDACs mainly decreased bacterial outgrowth in Mϕ2. Moreover, chemical inhibition of HDAC activity during differentiation polarized macrophages into a more bactericidal phenotype with a concomitant decrease in the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, in vivo chemical inhibition of HDAC activity in Mycobacterium marinum-infected zebrafish embryos, a well-characterized animal model for tuberculosis, significantly reduced mycobacterial burden, validating our in vitro findings in primary human macrophages. Collectively, these data identify HDACs as druggable host targets for HDT against intracellular Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jôsimar D Moreira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bjørn E V Koch
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kimberley V Walburg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank Vrieling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tânia Mara Pinto Dabés Guimarães
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Matthias T Heemskerk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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14
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Ouwendijk WJD, van Veen S, Mehraban T, Mahalingam R, Verjans GMGM. Simian Varicella Virus Infects Enteric Neurons and α4β7 Integrin-Expressing Gut-Tropic T-Cells in Nonhuman Primates. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040156. [PMID: 29597335 PMCID: PMC5923450 DOI: 10.3390/v10040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of enteric zoster, a rare debilitating complication of reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in the enteric nervous system (ENS), is largely unknown. Infection of monkeys with the closely related Varicellovirus simian varicella virus (SVV) mimics VZV disease in humans. In this study, we determined the applicability of the SVV nonhuman primate model to study Varicellovirus infection of the ENS. We confirmed VZV infection of the gut in latently infected adults and demonstrated that SVV DNA was similarly present in gut of monkeys latently infected with SVV using quantitative real-time PCR. In situ analyses showed that enteric neurons expressed SVV open reading frame (ORF) 63 RNA, but not viral nucleocapsid proteins, suggestive of latent ENS infection. During primary infection, SVV-infected T-cells were detected in gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes and located in close vicinity to enteric nerves in the gut. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis of blood from acutely SVV-infected monkeys demonstrated that virus-infected T-cells expressed the gut-homing receptor α4β7 integrin. Collectively, the data demonstrate that SVV infects ENS neurons during primary infection and supports the role of T-cells in virus dissemination to the gut. Because SVV reactivation can be experimentally induced, the SVV nonhuman primate model holds great potential to study the pathogenesis of enteric zoster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tamana Mehraban
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ravi Mahalingam
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Georges M G M Verjans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
The alphaherpesvirus simian varicella virus (SVV) causes varicella and zoster in nonhuman primates. Herpesviruses evolved elaborate mechanisms to escape host immunity, but the immune evasion strategies employed by SVV remain ill-defined. We analysed whether SVV impairs the cellular response to key antiviral cytokine interferon-γ (IFNγ). SVV infection inhibited the expression of IFNγ-induced genes like C-X-C motif chemokine 10 and interferon regulatory factor 1. Phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was blocked in SVV-infected cells, which did not involve cellular and viral phosphatases. SVV infection did not downregulate IFNγ receptor α and β chain expression on the cell surface. Instead, STAT1, Janus tyrosine kinases 1 (JAK1) and JAK2 protein levels were significantly decreased in SVV-infected cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SVV targets three proteins in the IFNγ signal transduction pathway to escape the antiviral effects of IFNγ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ravi Mahalingam
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Georges M G M Verjans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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