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von Kleist H, Buehrer M, Kozerke S, Saengsin K, Harrington JK, Powell AJ, Moghari MH. Cardiac self-gating using blind source separation for 2D cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 81:42-52. [PMID: 33905835 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and validate a new cardiac self-gating algorithm using blind source separation for 2D cine steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging. METHODS A standard cine SSFP sequence was modified so that the center point of k-space was sampled with each excitation. The center points of k-space were processed by 4 blind source separation methods, and used to detect heartbeats and assign k-space data to appropriate time points in the cardiac cycle. The proposed self-gating technique was prospectively validated in 8 patients against the standard electrocardiogram (ECG)-gating method by comparing the cardiac cycle lengths, image quality metrics, and ventricular volume measurements. RESULTS There was close agreement between the cardiac cycle length using the ECG- and self-gating methods (bias 0.0 bpm, 95% limits of agreement ±2.1 bpm). The image quality metrics were not significantly different between the ECG- and self-gated images. The ventricular volumes, stroke volumes, and mass measured from self-gated images were all comparable with those from ECG-gated images (all biases <5%). CONCLUSION The self-gating method yielded comparable cardiac cycle length, image quality, and ventricular measurements compared with standard ECG-gated cine imaging. It may simplify patient preparation, be more robust when there is arrhythmia, and allow cardiac gating at higher field strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik von Kleist
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
| | - Martin Buehrer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kwannapas Saengsin
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamie K Harrington
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Powell
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehdi H Moghari
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hennel F, Buehrer M, von Deuster C, Seuven A, Pruessmann KP. SENSE reconstruction for multiband EPI including slice-dependent N/2 ghost correction. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:873-9. [PMID: 26332610 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franciszek Hennel
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Buehrer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Constantin von Deuster
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Seuven
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas P Pruessmann
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Giese D, Wong J, Greil GF, Buehrer M, Schaeffter T, Kozerke S. Towards highly accelerated Cartesian time-resolved 3D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the clinical setting. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2014; 16:42. [PMID: 24942253 PMCID: PMC4230248 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-16-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical applicability of time-resolved 3D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) remains compromised by the long scan times associated with phase-contrast imaging. The present work demonstrates the applicability of 8-fold acceleration of Cartesian time-resolved 3D flow CMR in 10 volunteers and in 9 patients with different congenital heart diseases (CHD). It is demonstrated that accelerated 3D flow CMR data acquisition and image reconstruction using k-t PCA (principal component analysis) can be implemented into clinical workflow and results are sufficiently accurate relative to conventional 2D flow CMR to permit for comprehensive flow quantification in CHD patients. METHODS The fidelity of k-t PCA was first investigated on retrospectively undersampled data for different acceleration factors and compared to k-t SENSE and fully sampled reference data. Subsequently, k-t PCA with 8-fold nominal undersampling was applied on 10 healthy volunteers and 9 CHD patients on a clinical 1.5 T MR scanner. Quantitative flow validation was performed in vessels of interest on the 3D flow datasets and compared to 2D through-plane flow acquisitions. Particle trace analysis was used to qualitatively visualise flow patterns in patients. RESULTS Accelerated time-resolved 3D flow data were successfully acquired in all subjects with 8-fold nominal scan acceleration. Nominal scan times excluding navigator efficiency were on the order of 6 min and 7 min in patients and volunteers. Mean differences in stroke volume in selected vessels of interest were 2.5 ± 8.4 ml and 1.63 ± 4.8 ml in volunteers and patients, respectively. Qualitative flow pattern analysis in the time-resolved 3D dataset revealed valuable insights into hemodynamics including circular and helical patterns as well as flow distributions and origin in the Fontan circulation. CONCLUSION Highly accelerated time-resolved 3D flow using k-t PCA is readily applicable in clinical routine protocols of CHD patients. Nominal scan times of 6 min are well tolerated and allow for quantitative and qualitative flow assessment in all great vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Giese
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - James Wong
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gerald F Greil
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Buehrer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schaeffter
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, UK
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Roujol S, Basha TA, Schülke C, Buehrer M, Manning WJ, Nezafat R. Low latency iterative reconstruction of first pass stress cardiac perfusion with physiological stress using graphical processing unit. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013. [PMCID: PMC3559290 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-s1-e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Messroghli D, Nordmeyer S, Buehrer M, Kozerke S, Dietrich T, Hucko T, Berger F, Klein C, Kuehne T. Small animal look-locker inversion recovery (SALLI). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2011. [PMCID: PMC3106947 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-13-s1-p24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Messroghli DR, Nordmeyer S, Buehrer M, Kozerke S, Dietrich T, Kaschina E, Becher PM, Hucko T, Berger F, Klein C, Kuehne T. Small animal Look-Locker inversion recovery (SALLI) for simultaneous generation of cardiac T1 maps and cine and inversion recovery-prepared images at high heart rates: initial experience. Radiology 2011; 261:258-65. [PMID: 21788528 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a single magnetic resonance (MR) imaging approach for comprehensive assessment of cardiac function and tissue properties in small animals with high heart rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS All animal studies were approved by the local animal care committee. Small animal Look-Locker inversion recovery (SALLI) was implemented on a clinical 3.0-T MR unit equipped with a 70-mm solenoid coil. SALLI combines a segmented, electrocardiographically gated, inversion recovery-prepared Look-Locker-type pulse sequence with a multimodal reconstruction framework. Temporal undersampling and radial nonbalanced steady-state free precession enabled acceleration of data acquisition and reduction of motion artifacts, respectively. Nine agarose gel phantoms were used to investigate different sequence settings. For in vivo studies, 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated to establish normal T1 values before and after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. Seven rats with surgically induced acute myocardial infarction were examined to test the feasibility of detecting myocardial injury. In vitro T1 behavior was studied with linear regression analysis, and in vivo T1 differences between infarcted and remote areas were tested by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS Phantom studies demonstrated systematic behavior of the T1 measurements, and T1 error could be reduced to 1.3% ± 7.4 by using a simple linear correction algorithm. The pre- and postcontrast T1 of myocardium and blood showed narrow normal ranges. In the area of infarction, SALLI demonstrated hypokinesia (on cine images), myocardial edema (on precontrast T1 maps), and myocardial necrosis (on postcontrast T1 maps and late gadolinium enhancement images). CONCLUSION An MR imaging method enabling simultaneous generation of cardiac T1 maps and cine and inversion recovery-prepared images at high heart rates is presented. SALLI allows for simultaneous and time-efficient assessment of cardiac T1 behavior, function, and late gadolinium enhancement at high heart rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Messroghli
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Schmidt JFM, Buehrer M, Boesiger P, Kozerke S. Nonrigid retrospective respiratory motion correction in whole-heart coronary MRA. Magn Reson Med 2011; 66:1541-9. [PMID: 21604297 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F M Schmidt
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Manka R, Buehrer M, Boesiger P, Fleck E, Kozerke S. Performance of simultaneous cardiac-respiratory self-gated three-dimensional MR imaging of the heart: initial experience. Radiology 2010; 255:909-16. [PMID: 20501728 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.10091103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was approved by the local institutional ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from all volunteers and patients. The objective of the present study was to assess the performance of high-spatial-resolution three-dimensional prospective cardiac-respiratory self-gated (CRSG) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for determining left ventricular (LV) volumes and mass, as well as right ventricular (RV) volumes, in comparison with standard electrocardiography (ECG)-triggered, two-dimensional multisection, multiple-breath-hold cine imaging. The self-gated method derives cardiac triggering and respiratory gating information prospectively on the basis of additional MR imaging signals acquired in every repetition time and, thereby, eliminates the need for ECG triggering and multiple-breath-hold procedures. Data were acquired in 15 healthy volunteers (mean age, 27.2 years +/- 7.2 [standard deviation]) and 11 patients (mean age, 60.7 years +/- 11.3). The bias between the self-gating and the reference imaging techniques was minimal for all LV and RV parameters (mean values: LV end-diastolic volume, 2.0 mL; LV end-systolic volume, 0.6 mL; RV end-diastolic volume, 2.2 mL; and RV end-systolic volume, 0.8 mL). Prospective CRSG is a valuable alternative to ECG-triggered, multisection, multiple-breath-hold cine imaging of the heart and holds considerable promise for simplifying functional imaging of the heart, particularly in patients who are unable to hold their breath for a long period and patients who show ECG signal disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Manka
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Schmidt JF, Buehrer M, Boesiger P, Kozerke S. Highly efficient respiratory gating in coronary MR employing non-rigid retrospective motion correction. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2010. [DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-12-s1-p41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Manka R, Boesiger P, Buehrer M, Kozerke S. Three-dimensional measurement of LV and RV dimensions using prospective self-gating for simultaneous compensation of cardiac and respiratory motion. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2009. [PMCID: PMC7853811 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-11-s1-o102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Curcic J, Buehrer M, Boesiger P, Kozerke S. 144 Prospective self-gating for simultaneous compensation of cardiac and respiratory motion. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2008. [DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-10-s1-a45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Buehrer M, Curcic J, Boesiger P, Kozerke S. Prospective self-gating for simultaneous compensation of cardiac and respiratory motion. Magn Reson Med 2008; 60:683-90. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Arrays with large numbers of independent coil elements are becoming increasingly available as they provide increased signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and improved parallel imaging performance. Processing of data from a large set of independent receive channels is, however, associated with an increased memory and computational load in reconstruction. This work addresses this problem by introducing coil array compression. The method allows one to reduce the number of datasets from independent channels by combining all or partial sets in the time domain prior to image reconstruction. It is demonstrated that array compression can be very effective depending on the size of the region of interest (ROI). Based on 2D in vivo data obtained with a 32-element phased-array coil in the heart, it is shown that the number of channels can be compressed to as few as four with only 0.3% SNR loss in an ROI encompassing the heart. With twofold parallel imaging, only a 2% loss in SNR occurred using the same compression factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Buehrer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Accelerated "whole-heart" coronary imaging with sensitivity encoding applied in both phase encoding directions (2D-SENSE) was investigated. In order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), coil configuration optimization was performed. To this end, 10 practical coil configurations each consisting of six standard coil elements were investigated and the local SNR was assessed by means of phantom experiments. Based on the experimental data, a symmetric configuration was found to yield the highest SNR. In a volunteer study, 2D-SENSE coronary images were obtained with total reduction factors of 3 and 4. Excellent depiction of the right and left coronary systems was possible in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Buehrer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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