Vocalization development in common marmosets for neurodegenerative translational modeling

Objectives In order to facilitate the study of vocalizations in emerging genetic common marmoset models of neurodegenerative disorders, we aimed to analyze call-type changes across age in a translational research environment. We hypothesized that acoustic parameters of vocalizations would change with age, reflecting growth of the vocal apparatus and a maturation of control needed to make adult-like calls. Methods Nineteen developing common marmosets were longitudinally video- and audio-recorded between the ages of 1-149 days in a naturalistic setting without any vocalization elicitation protocol. Vocalizations were coded for call type (cry, tsik, trill, phee, and trill-phee) and analyzed for duration (sec), minimum and maximum frequency (Hz), and bandwidth (Hz). Mixed model linear regressions were performed to assess the effects of age on call parameters listed above for each call type. Results Cries decreased in duration (P = 0.038), maximum frequency (P = 0.047), and bandwidth (P = 0.023) with age. Tsik calls decreased in duration (P = 0.002) and increased in minimum frequency (P = 0.004) and maximum frequency (P = 0.005) with age. Trill calls increased in duration (P = 0.003), and trillphee bandwidth (P = 0.031) decreased with age. Discussion Our results demonstrate that development of common marmoset vocalizations is call type dependent and that changes in acoustic parameters can be detected without complex vocalization elicitation paradigms or specialized audio recording equipment. Thus, we demonstrate the feasibility of a naturalistic protocol to collect and objectively analyze marmoset vocalizations longitudinally. This approach may be useful for studying vocal communication deficits in genetic models of neurodegenerative disorders.

Personality moderators of the relationship between abusive supervision and subordinates' resistance

Results of a study using data collected at 2 points in time, separated by 6 months, suggested that subordinates resisted their supervisors' downward influence tactics with greater frequency when their supervisors were more abusive and that subordinates' personality moderated the effects of abusive supervision. The relationship between abusive supervision and subordinates' dysfunctional resistance was stronger among subordinates who were lower in conscientiousness than among subordinates who were higher in conscientiousness, but this effect emerged only for subordinates who were also lower in agreeableness. The relationship between abusive supervision and subordinates' constructive resistance was stronger among subordinates who were higher in conscientiousness than among subordinates who were lower in conscientiousness. The study's implications for theory and research are discussed.

Positive affectivity and negative outcomes: the role of tenure and job satisfaction

In this study, the authors proposed and tested a 3-way interaction among positive affectivity (PA), job satisfaction, and tenure in predicting negative employee outcomes. Specifically, the authors predicted that the relationship between job satisfaction and negative outcomes would be stronger for high PAs and that this relationship would be more pronounced for longer tenured employees. Results support this 3-way interaction in predicting job search behavior, physical health complaints, and counterproductive employee behavior. In particular, the relationship between job satisfaction and negative outcomes was most strongly negative for high-PA individuals with longer tenure. The authors discuss the implications of these results and some directions for future research.