Influence of infancy care strategy on hearing in children and adolescents: A longitudinal study of children with unilateral lip and /or cleft palate

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the relation between ventilation tube insertion, otitis media with effusion duration and otologic outcomes in unilateral cleft lip and/or cleft palate children from infancy to teenage age.

DESIGN AND POPULATION

Retrospective longitudinal charts review of patients from the multidisciplinary cleft team of the University Hospital of Lausanne over a 30-year period. 146 charts from consecutive patients with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and/or cleft palate who were born between January 1986 and January 2003 were included.

RESULTS

The earlier in life a cleft child experience his first otitis media with effusion (OME), the worse his long-term hearing will be. Along with the age of onset of OME, we disclosed an influence of the duration of OME without ventilation tube (VT) insertion on short and long-term hearing outcomes. Different patterns were observed between cleft palate (CP) and cleft lip palate children (CLP), with a higher incidence of otitis media with effusion for the CLP group than the CP group. Direct positive relationship between VT insertion and hearing were disclosed and evaluation of long-term complications did not reveal significant relation with VT insertion. Of note, OME in CLP children led to a higher rate (but not statistically significant) of chronic ear complications than in the CP group, that may indicate more persistent OME or different adverse effect on the middle ear mucosa between CP and CLP children.

CONCLUSIONS

Individualized counseling should take into account different factors such as the type of cleft, the age of onset of OME and duration of OME, keeping in mind the adverse effect of persistent middle ear fluid. In the present report, results prone an early ventilation tube insertion to prevent short and long-term injury to the middle ear homeostasis, hearing loss and related issues.