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Ohno-Matsui K, Akiba M, Ishibashi T, Hirakata A. EVALUATION OF MORNING GLORY SYNDROME BY SWEPT SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2023; 17:542-547. [PMID: 35263312 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the deep structural abnormalities in the patients with morning glory syndrome by using swept source optical coherence tomography. METHODS The papillary and peripapillary areas of the four eyes (four patients) with morning glory syndrome were examined with a prototype swept source optical coherence tomography system with a center wavelength of 1,050 nm. In particular, the abnormalities of the lamina cribrosa and peripapillary sclera were evaluated. RESULTS The lamina cribrosa was posteriorly displaced in all the four eyes, and the disk area was filled with herniated retinal tissue. A bump-like protrusion near the papillary margin or within the cup area was observed in three eyes. Some tissues were observed to exist between the retina and the sclera surrounding the papillary margin annularly. In one case, swept source optical coherence tomography detected intrascleral adipose tissue in a relatively wide area around the fovea and the optic nerve. CONCLUSION Swept source optical coherence tomography clearly delineated the papillary and peripapillary abnormalities of morning glory syndrome. Scleral structural abnormalities were present outside the optic nerve as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Akito Hirakata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
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Mino T, Moriguchi Y, Tamura M, Matsumoto A, Kubota A, Akiba M, Hwang Y, Makita S, Yasuno Y, Enaida H, Fujimoto JG, Wang Z. Extended and adjustable field-of-view of variable interscan time analysis by ammonite-scanning swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:4112-4125. [PMID: 37799706 PMCID: PMC10549733 DOI: 10.1364/boe.491611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel scanning protocol, ammonite scan, is proposed for widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and relative retinal blood flow velocity imaging in the human retina using variable interscan time analysis (VISTA). A repeated circle scan using a 400 kHz swept-source was employed to achieve an interscan time of 1.28 ms. The center of the repeated circular scan continuously moved spirally towards the peripheral region, ensuring an extended and adjustable scan range while preserving the short interscan time. Image artifacts due to eye movement were eliminated via extra motion-correction processing using data redundancy. The relative blood flow velocity in superficial and deep plexus layers was calculated from the VISTA image, and their ratio was used to explore the microvascular flow parameter in the healthy human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Mino
- Topcon Advanced Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Topcon Medical Systems, 111 Bauer Drive, Oakland, NJ 07436, USA
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Moriguchi
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Masato Tamura
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Akiko Matsumoto
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kubota
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiba
- Research & Development Division, Topcon Corporation, 75-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8580, Japan
| | - Yunchan Hwang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Enaida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Topcon Advanced Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Topcon Medical Systems, 111 Bauer Drive, Oakland, NJ 07436, USA
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Tubby K, Adamčikova K, Adamson K, Akiba M, Barnes I, Boroń P, Bragança H, Bulgakov T, Burgdorf N, Capretti P, Cech T, Cleary M, Davydenko K, Drenkhan R, Elvira-Recuenco M, Enderle R, Gardner J, Georgieva M, Ghelardini L, Husson C, Iturritxa E, Markovskaja S, Mesanza N, Ogris N, Oskay F, Piškur B, Queloz V, Raitelaitytė K, Raposo R, Soukainen M, Strasser L, Vahalík P, Vester M, Mullett M. The increasing threat to European forests from the invasive foliar pine pathogen, Lecanosticta acicola. For Ecol Manage 2023; 536:120847. [PMID: 37193248 PMCID: PMC10165473 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
European forests are threatened by increasing numbers of invasive pests and pathogens. Over the past century, Lecanosticta acicola, a foliar pathogen predominantly of Pinus spp., has expanded its range globally, and is increasing in impact. Lecanosticta acicola causes brown spot needle blight, resulting in premature defoliation, reduced growth, and mortality in some hosts. Originating from southern regions of North American, it devastated forests in the USA's southern states in the early twentieth century, and in 1942 was discovered in Spain. Derived from Euphresco project 'Brownspotrisk,' this study aimed to establish the current distribution of Lecanosticta species, and assess the risks of L. acicola to European forests. Pathogen reports from the literature, and new/ unpublished survey data were combined into an open-access geo-database (http://www.portalofforestpathology.com), and used to visualise the pathogen's range, infer its climatic tolerance, and update its host range. Lecanosticta species have now been recorded in 44 countries, mostly in the northern hemisphere. The type species, L. acicola, has increased its range in recent years, and is present in 24 out of the 26 European countries where data were available. Other species of Lecanosticta are largely restricted to Mexico and Central America, and recently Colombia. The geo-database records demonstrate that L. acicola tolerates a wide range of climates across the northern hemisphere, and indicate its potential to colonise Pinus spp. forests across large swathes of the Europe. Preliminary analyses suggest L. acicola could affect 62% of global Pinus species area by the end of this century, under climate change predictions. Although its host range appears slightly narrower than the similar Dothistroma species, Lecanosticta species were recorded on 70 host taxa, mostly Pinus spp., but including, Cedrus and Picea spp. Twenty-three, including species of critical ecological, environmental and economic significance in Europe, are highly susceptible to L. acicola, suffering heavy defoliation and sometimes mortality. Variation in apparent susceptibility between reports could reflect variation between regions in the hosts' genetic make-up, but could also reflect the significant variation in L. acicola populations and lineages found across Europe. This study served to highlight significant gaps in our understanding of the pathogen's behaviour. Lecanosticta acicola has recently been downgraded from an A1 quarantine pest to a regulated non quarantine pathogen, and is now widely distributed across Europe. With a need to consider disease management, this study also explored global BSNB strategies, and used Case Studies to summarise the tactics employed to date in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Tubby
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, United Kingdom
| | - K. Adamčikova
- Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, 94901 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - K. Adamson
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M. Akiba
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - I. Barnes
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - P. Boroń
- Department Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - H. Bragança
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária I. P. and GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - T. Bulgakov
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yana Fabritsiusa Street 2/28, Sochi 354002, Krasnodar Region, Russia
| | - N. Burgdorf
- Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - P. Capretti
- University of Florence, DAGRI Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forest Sciences and Technologies, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - T. Cech
- Austrian Research Centre for Forests BFW, Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Cleary
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Sundsvägen 3, 230 503 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - K. Davydenko
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry & Forest Melioration, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R. Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M. Elvira-Recuenco
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Enderle
- Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Urban Green, Julius Kuehn Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J. Gardner
- Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand
| | - M. Georgieva
- Forest Research Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 132 “St. Kliment Ohridski” Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - L. Ghelardini
- University of Florence, DAGRI Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forest Sciences and Technologies, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - C. Husson
- Département de la santé des forêts, DGAL, SDQSPV, Ministère de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Paris, France
| | - E. Iturritxa
- Neiker BRTA, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - S. Markovskaja
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų St. 47, Lt-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - N. Mesanza
- Neiker BRTA, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - N. Ogris
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - F. Oskay
- Faculty of Forestry, Çankırı Karatekin University, 18200 Çankırı, Turkey
| | - B. Piškur
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - V. Queloz
- Centre of Forest Research, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), C. Coruna, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Raitelaitytė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų St. 47, Lt-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - R. Raposo
- Forest Science Institute (ICIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Soukainen
- Laboratory and Research Division, Plant Analytics Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Strasser
- Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - P. Vahalík
- Department of Forest Management and Applied Geoinformatics, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - M. Vester
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M. Mullett
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Abe T, Yoshioka T, Song Y, Tani T, Kawai M, Omae T, Takahashi K, Takizawa Y, Ro-Mase T, Ishiko S, Minamide K, Sakai J, Akiba M, Hashimoto Y, Yoshida A. Glaucoma Diagnostic Performance of Retinal Blood Flow Measurement With Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:11. [PMID: 36201201 PMCID: PMC9554227 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.10.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of retinal blood flow (RBF) measured with the Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) segmental scanning method to distinguish between healthy and glaucoma eyes. Methods Fifty-eight patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) who had a single-hemifield visual field defect and 44 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) was measured with swept-source OCT. Superior and inferior temporal arteries (TAs) and temporal veins (TVs) RBF were measured with Doppler OCT. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to compare the diagnostic performances in the damaged and normal hemispheres. Results Multivariate regression analysis showed TA RBF and TV RBF were significantly reduced in the damaged and normal hemispheres. The ROC analysis showed that the AUC for quadrant RNFLT, TA RBF, and TV RBF were 0.973, 0.909, and 0.872 in the damaged hemisphere, respectively. The AUC values in the normal hemisphere were 0.783, 0.744, and 0.697, respectively. The combination of quadrant RNFLT and TA/TV RBF had a greater AUC than quadrant RNFLT alone in both damaged (AUC = 0.987) and normal (AUC = 0.825) hemispheres. Conclusions In NTG eyes with single-hemifield damage, the RBF was found to be significantly reduced in the damaged and normal hemispheres independent from structural changes. The combination of RNFLT and RBF could improve diagnostic performances for glaucoma. Translational Relevance Combining morphological and blood flow measurements with Doppler OCT may be useful in glaucoma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Abe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yoshioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Youngseok Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Motofumi Kawai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Omae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takizawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ro-Mase
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishiko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yohei Hashimoto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Omodaka K, Kikawa T, Kabakura S, Himori N, Tsuda S, Ninomiya T, Takahashi N, Pak K, Takeda N, Akiba M, Nakazawa T. Clinical characteristics of glaucoma patients with various risk factors. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:373. [PMID: 36123604 PMCID: PMC9484257 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glaucoma is multifactorial, but the interrelationship between risk factors and structural changes remains unclear. Here, we adjusted for confounding factors in glaucoma patients with differing risk factors, and compared differences in structure and susceptible areas in the optic disc and macula. Methods In 458 eyes with glaucoma, we determined confounding factors for intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), axial length (AL), LSFG-measured ocular blood flow (OBF), which was assessed with laser speckle flowgraphy-measured mean blur rate in the tissue area (MT) of the optic nerve head, biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and systemic abnormalities in diastolic blood pressure (dBP). To compensate for measurement bias, we also analyzed corrected IOP (cIOP; corrected for CCT) and corrected MT (cMT; corrected for age, weighted retinal ganglion cell count, and AL). Then, we determined the distribution of these parameters in low-, middle-, and high-value subgroups and compared them with the Kruskal–Wallis test. Pairwise comparisons used the Steel–Dwass test. Results The high-cIOP subgroup had significantly worse mean deviation (MD), temporal, superior, and inferior loss of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT), and large cupping. The low-CCT subgroup had temporal cpRNFLT loss; the high-CCT subgroup had low cup volume. The high-AL subgroup had macular ganglion cell complex thickness (GCCT) loss; the low-AL subgroup had temporal cpRNFLT loss. The high-systemic-dBP subgroup had worse MD, total, superior, and inferior cpRNFLT loss and macular GCCT loss. The low-BAP subgroup had more male patients, higher dBP, and cpRNFLT loss in the 10 o’clock area. The high-OBF subgroup had higher total, superior and temporal cpRNFLT and macular GCCT. Conclusions Structural changes and local susceptibility to glaucomatous damage show unique variations in patients with different risk factors, which might suggest that specific risk factors induce specific types of pathogenesis and corresponding glaucoma phenotypes. Our study may open new avenues for the development of precision medicine for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Sayaka Kabakura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Himori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Aging Vision Healthcare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Tsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ninomiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kyongsun Pak
- Division of Biostatistics, Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Akiba
- R and D Division, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.,Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, Riken, Wako, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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Takahashi N, Omodaka K, Nakazawa A, Kikawa T, Ninomiya T, Kiyota N, Tsuda S, Himori N, Akiba M, Nakazawa T. Correlation Between Enlargement of Retinal Nerve Fiber Defect Angle in En Face Imaging and Visual Field Progression. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:8. [PMID: 35675064 PMCID: PMC9187958 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.6.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal nerve fiber layer defects (RNFLDs) become enlarged with glaucoma progression. We measured the RNFLD angle and investigated whether it was correlated with deterioration of the visual field in patients with glaucoma. Methods This study included 84 eyes of 84 patients with open-angle glaucoma (mean deviation [MD] = −6.51 ± 5.91 dB, follow-up period = 2.82 ± 0.74 years) with the RNFLDs, who underwent en face swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) wide scans (12 × 9 mm) at least 6 times. The RNFLD angle was measured as the intersection between the RNFLD and a circle centered on the disc with a radius half the distance between the disc and the fovea. Slopes for the RNFLD angle, macular ganglion cell layer thickness (GCCT), and circumpapillary RNFL thickness (cpRNFLT) were compared with the MD slope, as measured with the Humphrey field analyzer 24-2 program. Results The correlation coefficients with MD slope were −0.67 for the RNFLD angle slope (P < 0.001), 0.15 for the macular GCCT slope (P = 0.163), and 0.04 for the cpRNFLT slope (P = 0.719). The RNFLD angle tended to increase as the number of disc hemorrhage occurrences increased (rs = 0.31, P = 0.004). The RNFLD angle slope also had good predictive power for glaucoma progression (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.88, 95% confidence interval = 0.81–0.95). Conclusions We found that the RNFLD angle slope was more closely associated with the MD slope than were other OCT parameters. This suggests that measurement of the RNFLD angle with en face OCT images could be effective in evaluating glaucoma progression. Translational Relevance Our study provides a method for monitoring glaucoma progression with SS-OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Arata Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kikawa
- Research & Development Div., Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ninomiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Kiyota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Tsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Himori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Aging Vision Healthcare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiba
- Research & Development Div., Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Retinal Disease Control, Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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7
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Vyas CH, Cheung CMG, Jordan-Yu JMN, Shimizu H, Tan ACS, Sim SS, Fenner BJ, Akiba M, Chakravarthy U, Teo KYC. Novel volumetric imaging biomarkers for assessing disease activity in eyes with PCV. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2993. [PMID: 35194070 PMCID: PMC8864011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate influence of baseline imaging features on visual and anatomical outcomes in eyes with PCV treated with anti-VEGF monotherapy. In this prospective study we enrolled participants with treatment-naïve PCV who followed a treat-and-extend protocol using intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) monotherapy. Baseline clinical features evaluatedincluded best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), traditional features such as lesion size, fluid-related OCT parameters and novel parameters using automated software. This included quantitative and qualitative pigment epithelium detachment (PED) parameters [height, volume]; and choroidal parameters. [choroidal thickness (CT), choroidal volume (CV) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI). We evaluated the predictive value of each parameter on visual and anatomical outcome at month 12. We additionally evaluated initial treatment response after 3 monthly injections with respect to month 12 outcomes. Fifty-two eyes from 52 participants were included in the study. The BCVA increased from 61.1 ± 13.2 to 69.6 ± 13.2 early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) letters (p < 0.01) and CRT reduced from 455.7 ± 182.4 µm to 272.7 ± 86.2 (p < 0.01) from baseline to month 12. The proportion of eyes with PED decreased significant from 100% at baseline to 80% at month 12 (p < 0.01). Reduction in the mean maximum height of PED (from 381.3 ± 236.3 µm to 206.8 vs ± 146.4 µm) and PED volume (from 1322 ± 853 nl to 686 ± 593 nl) (p < 0.01) was also noted from baseline to month12. Baseline features associated with better month 12 BCVA included baseline BCVA (β = − 0.98, 95%CI − 3.38 to − 1.61, p = 0.02) and baseline CRT (β = − 0.98, 95%CI − 1.56 to − 0.40, p = 0.04) while the disease activity at month12 was significantly associated with lower baseline CRT (366.0 ± 129.5 vs 612.0 ± 188.0 , p < 0.001), lower baseline PED height (242.0 ± 150.0 vs 542.0 ± 298.0 µm, p < 0.01), lower baseline PED volume (0.6 ± 0.3 mm3 vs 2.2 ± 1.3 mm3 vs, p < 0.01), lower proportion with marked CVH (17.9% vs 46.2%, p = 0.02) and lower mean CVI (61.8 ± 1.4 vs 63.0 ± 1.4, p < 0.02). Additionally, a larger decrease in CRT (per 100 nm) and larger PED volume reduction (per 100 nl) at month 3 from baseline were associated with greater BCVA gain and inactive disease. PED-related volumetric parameters have an additional predictive value to traditional biomarkers of disease activity in eyes with PCV undergoing anti-VEGF monotherapy. With increasingly precise quantification, PEDs can be a crucial biomarker in addition to traditional parameters and may aid in retreatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayi Himanshuroy Vyas
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janice Marie N Jordan-Yu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | | | - Anna Cheng Sim Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaun Sebastian Sim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Beau James Fenner
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | | | | | - Kelvin Yi Chong Teo
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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Takizawa Y, Song Y, Tani T, Yoshioka T, Takahashi K, Abe T, Ro-Mase T, Ishiko S, Sakai J, Minamide K, Akiba M, Tatsukawa T, Azuma N, Yoshida A. Retinal Blood Velocity Waveform Characteristics With Aging and Arterial Stiffening in Hypertensive and Normotensive Subjects. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:25. [PMID: 34792557 PMCID: PMC8606851 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.13.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to explore the velocity waveform characteristics of the retinal artery associated with age and the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) as a conventional arterial stiffness marker by applying the Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) flowmeter. Methods In this cross-sectional study, DOCT flowmeter imaging was performed in 66 participants aged 21 to 83 years (17 men, 49 women) with no history of eye diseases and no systemic diseases, except for hypertension. Retinal blood velocity waveform was analyzed where several parameters in time (upstroke time, T1, T2, T3, and T4) and area under the waveform (area elevation, area declination, A1, A2, A3, and A4) were extracted. Systolic blood pressure–adjusted Pearson's coefficients were calculated to determine the correlations of each parameter with age or CAVI. Results Corrected upstroke time (UTc) was the waveform parameter most positively correlated with age (r = 0.497, P < 0.001). Area declination was the waveform parameter most negatively correlated with age (r = −0.682, P < 0.001) and CAVI (r = −0.601, P < 0.001). Conclusions We extracted the waveform parameters associated with the risks of arterial stiffening. The velocity waveform analysis of the retinal artery with DOCT flowmeter potentially could become a new method for arterial stiffness identification. Translational Relevance DOCT flowmeter could evaluate arterial stiffening in a different way from the conventional method of measuring arterial stiffening using pressure waveform. Because the DOCT flowmeter can easily, quickly, and noninvasively provide a retinal blood velocity waveform, this system could be useful as a routine medical examination for arterial stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Takizawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Youngseok Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yoshioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Abe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ro-Mase
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishiko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takamitsu Tatsukawa
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Azuma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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9
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Tamura M, Moriguchi Y, Yeh SY, Matsumoto A, Shibutani M, Asao T, Mino T, Nakanishi M, Kubota A, Akiba M. Sensorless astigmatism correction using a variable cross-cylinder for high lateral resolution optical coherence tomography in a human retina. Appl Opt 2021; 60:9553-9559. [PMID: 34807099 DOI: 10.1364/ao.441646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High lateral resolution (∼5µm) optical coherence tomography (OCT) that employs a variable cross-cylinder (VCC) to compensate for astigmatism is presented for visualizing minute structures of the human retina. The VCC and its sensorless optimization process enable ocular astigmatism correction of up to -5.0 diopter within a few seconds. VCC correction has been proven to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and lateral resolution using a model eye. This process is also validated using the human eye by visualizing the capillary network and human cone mosaic. The proposed method is applicable to existing OCT, making high lateral resolution OCT practical in clinical settings.
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10
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Sonoda S, Shiihara H, Terasaki H, Kakiuchi N, Funatsu R, Tomita M, Shinohara Y, Uchino E, Udagawa T, An G, Akiba M, Yokota H, Sakamoto T. Artificial intelligence for classifying uncertain images by humans in determining choroidal vascular running pattern and comparisons with automated classification between artificial intelligence. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251553. [PMID: 33989334 PMCID: PMC8121314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Abnormalities of the running pattern of choroidal vessel have been reported in eyes with pachychoroid diseases. However, it is difficult for clinicians to judge the running pattern with high reproducibility. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the degree of concordance of the running pattern of the choroidal vessels between that determined by artificial intelligence (AI) to that determined by experienced clinicians. Methods The running pattern of the choroidal vessels in en face images of Haller’s layer of 413 normal and pachychoroid diseased eyes was classified as symmetrical or asymmetrical by human raters and by three supervised machine learning models; the support vector machine (SVM), Xception, and random forest models. The data from the human raters were used as the supervised data. The accuracy rates of the human raters and the certainty of AI’s answers were compared using confidence scores (CSs). Results The choroidal vascular running pattern could be determined by each AI model with an area under the curve better than 0.94. The random forest method was able to discriminate with the highest accuracy among the three AIs. In the CS analyses, the percentage of certainty was highest (66.4%) and that of uncertainty was lowest (6.1%) in the agreement group. On the other hand, the rate of uncertainty was highest (27.3%) in the disagreement group. Conclusion AI algorithm can automatically classify with ambiguous criteria the presence or absence of a symmetrical blood vessel running pattern of the choroid. The classification was as good as that of supervised humans in accuracy and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Sonoda Eye Clinic, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Shiihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroto Terasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naoko Kakiuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryoh Funatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tomita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Shinohara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Takuma Udagawa
- R&D Division, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Guangzhou An
- R&D Division, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiba
- R&D Division, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Hideo Yokota
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Taiji Sakamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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11
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Takahashi N, Omodaka K, Kikawa T, Akiba M, Nakazawa T. Association between Topographic Features of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Bundle and Good Visual Acuity in Patients with Glaucoma. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1724-1731. [PMID: 33858282 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1912782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Maintaining visual acuity in glaucoma patients is an important part of preventing the deterioration of quality of vision. We identified specific areas of the papillomacular bundle (PMB) that were strongly associated with visual acuity, based on en-face images derived from optical coherence topography (OCT) wide scans.Methods: The study recruited 23 eyes of 21 glaucoma patients (age: 61.3 ± 13.0 years, M: F = 9:12, Humphrey field analyzer-measured mean deviation: -19.9 ± 6.5 dB) with good best-corrected visual acuity (20/20 or more) and a remaining PMB with a maximum width no more than half that of the vertical disc diameter. En-face images were derived from 12 × 9 mm wide-scan images made with DRI-OCT (Triton, Topcon). Averaged en-face images were created by identifying the disc center and fovea line (DFL) and aligning it between images. We then measured the frequency of remaining PMB at 10 µm intervals along a vertical line intersecting the DFL at its midpoint. Finally, we used a logistic analysis in a much larger group of patients to identify cases of glaucoma with low BCVA (<20/20).Results: In the averaged en-face image, the residual PMB area appeared as a high-intensity region above the DFL. Analysis showed that residual PMB was most common in an area 830-870 µm above the DFL. The correlation coefficient of residual PMB in this area to BCVA was -0.57 (p < .01), and among OCT parameters in this residual PMB area, the AUC to identify decreased BCVA was highest for ganglion cell complex thickness (0.85, p < .01), with a cutoff of 87.5 µm.Conclusions: This study identified specific areas of the PMB that were associated with BCVA in wide-scan, en-face OCT images from glaucoma patients. This suggests that it may be possible to identify visual impairment during glaucoma treatment by measuring this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Retinal Disease Control, Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Mou L, Zhao Y, Fu H, Liu Y, Cheng J, Zheng Y, Su P, Yang J, Chen L, Frangi AF, Akiba M, Liu J. CS 2-Net: Deep learning segmentation of curvilinear structures in medical imaging. Med Image Anal 2020; 67:101874. [PMID: 33166771 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Automated detection of curvilinear structures, e.g., blood vessels or nerve fibres, from medical and biomedical images is a crucial early step in automatic image interpretation associated to the management of many diseases. Precise measurement of the morphological changes of these curvilinear organ structures informs clinicians for understanding the mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of e.g. cardiovascular, kidney, eye, lung, and neurological conditions. In this work, we propose a generic and unified convolution neural network for the segmentation of curvilinear structures and illustrate in several 2D/3D medical imaging modalities. We introduce a new curvilinear structure segmentation network (CS2-Net), which includes a self-attention mechanism in the encoder and decoder to learn rich hierarchical representations of curvilinear structures. Two types of attention modules - spatial attention and channel attention - are utilized to enhance the inter-class discrimination and intra-class responsiveness, to further integrate local features with their global dependencies and normalization, adaptively. Furthermore, to facilitate the segmentation of curvilinear structures in medical images, we employ a 1×3 and a 3×1 convolutional kernel to capture boundary features. Besides, we extend the 2D attention mechanism to 3D to enhance the network's ability to aggregate depth information across different layers/slices. The proposed curvilinear structure segmentation network is thoroughly validated using both 2D and 3D images across six different imaging modalities. Experimental results across nine datasets show the proposed method generally outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms in various metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mou
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Yitian Zhao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.
| | - Huazhu Fu
- Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yonghuai Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Jun Cheng
- UBTech Research, UBTech Robotics Corp Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yalin Zheng
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Pan Su
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianlong Yang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alejandro F Frangi
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China; Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), School of Computing and School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Medical Imaging Research Centre (MIRC), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Cardiovascular Sciences and Electrical Engineering Departments, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Intelligent Computation, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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13
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Tokuno J, Oga T, Chen-Yoshikawa T, Oto T, Okawa T, Okada Y, Akiba M, Ikeda M, Tanaka S, Yamada Y, Yutaka Y, Ohsumi A, Nakajima D, Hamaji M, Isomi M, Chin K, Date H. Analysis of the Change in Sleep Quality in Lung Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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14
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Omodaka K, Fujioka S, An G, Udagawa T, Tsuda S, Shiga Y, Morishita S, Kikawa T, Pak K, Akiba M, Yokota H, Nakazawa T. Structural Characterization of Glaucoma Patients with Low Ocular Blood Flow. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1302-1308. [PMID: 32134693 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1736306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: There is an unclear relationship between ocular blood flow (OBF) and the structural characteristics of the optic nerve head (ONH) in glaucoma, a multifactorial disease. This study used laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) to identify low-OBF glaucoma patients and investigated the ONH in these patients. Materials and Methods: In 533 eyes with glaucoma, we determined confounding factors for LSFG-measured OBF (tissue-area mean blur rate: MT) and corrected MT with a linear mixed-effects model (LMM). Structural ONH data (from fundus stereo photography), OCT data, and clinical characteristics were then compared in patients with corrected MT in the upper and lower quartiles using the LMM. Results: Single regression showed significant correlations between MT and age, spherical equivalent (SE), central corneal thickness (CCT), and a weighted count of retinal ganglion cells (wRGC), but not axial length or systemic blood pressure. Gender also significantly influenced MT; MT was corrected for these correlated factors and also glaucoma type with the LMM. The lower-quartile MT group had a significantly larger cup area and cup-disc area ratio and lower temporal quadrant circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) than the upper-quartile group. Conclusions: Low-OBF glaucoma patients were characterized by a larger cup-disc ratio, and higher susceptibility to damage in the temporal disc and the macular area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Fujioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan
| | - Guangzhou An
- R&D Division, Topcon Corporation.,Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, Riken
| | | | - Satoru Tsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Kyongsun Pak
- Division of Biostatistics, Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiba
- R&D Division, Topcon Corporation.,Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, Riken
| | - Hideo Yokota
- Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, Riken.,Image Processing Research Team, Riken
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University , Sendai, Japan
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15
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An G, Akiba M, Yokota H, Motozawa N, Takagi S, Mandai M, Kitahata S, Hirami Y, Takahashi M, Kurimoto Y. Deep Learning Classification Models Built with Two-step Transfer Learning for Age Related Macular Degeneration Diagnosis. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:2049-2052. [PMID: 31946304 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to build deep learning models with optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to classify normal and age related macular degeneration (AMD), AMD with fluid, and AMD without any fluid. In this study, 185 normal OCT images from 49 normal subjects, 535 OCT images of AMD with fluid, and 514 OCT mages of AMD without fluid from 120 AMD eyes as training data, while 49 normal images from 25 normal eyes, 188 AMD OCT images with fluid and 154 AMD images without any fluid from 77 AMD eyes as test data, were enrolled. Data augmentation was applied to increase the number of images to build deep learning models. Totally, two classification models were built in two steps. In the first step, a VGG16 model pre-trained on ImageNet dataset was transfer learned to classify normal and AMD, including AMD with fluid and/or without any fluid. Then, in the second step, the fine-tuned model in the first step was transfer learned again to distinguish the images of AMD with fluid from the ones without any fluid. With the first model, normal and AMD OCT images were classified with 0.999 area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and 99.2% accuracy. With the second model, AMD with the presence of any fluid, and AMD without fluid were classified with 0.992 AUC, and 95.1% accuracy. Compared with a transfer learned VGG16 model pre-trained on ImageNet dataset, to classify the three categories directly, higher classification performance was achieved with our notable approach. Conclusively, two classification models for AMD clinical practice were built with high classification performance, and these models should help improve the early diagnosis and treatment for AMD.
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16
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Michikawa T, Wada S, Yokota H, An G, Akiba M, Omodaka K, Nakazawa T. Retinal Thickness Analysis in High Myopia based on Medial Axis Transforms. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:2805-2808. [PMID: 31946476 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a retinal thickness analysis method from 3D images acquired by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Given OCT images with segmented boundaries of retinal layers, medial axes of the layers are computed by medial axis transforms (MAT), and thickness is evaluated based on Euclidean distance fields. Since the MAT computes the closest points on the boundary of the layer, it can compute more correct thickness than conventional methods that evaluate Y-axis-aligned thickness. Experimental results show that our method can detect thin-parts around distorted regions, or a clue of high myopia. This is useful for early diagnosis of high myopia and other eye diseases.
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17
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Takahashi N, Omodaka K, Pak K, Kikawa T, Kobayashi W, Akiba M, Nakazawa T. Evaluation of Papillomacular Nerve Fiber Bundle Thickness in Glaucoma Patients with Visual Acuity Disturbance. Curr Eye Res 2019; 45:847-853. [PMID: 31880172 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1703006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessing the papillomacular nerve fiber bundle (PMB) can identify glaucoma patients with decreased visual acuity. In this study, we explore efficient methods for evaluating PMB thickness in glaucoma patients, based on swept source-optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). METHODS This study included 347 eyes of 205 open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients. Patients were excluded if they had best-corrected decimal visual acuity < 0.3, axial length >28 mm, non-glaucoma ocular disease, or systemic disease affecting the visual field. We obtained vertical 12.0 × 9.0 mm 3D volume scans covering both the macular and optic disc regions with SS-OCT (DRI OCT Triton, Topcon), and measured the thickness of the PMB, as well as average macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (mRNFLT) and macular ganglion cell complex thickness (mGCCT) in the macular map and temporal-quadrant circumpapillary RNFL thickness (tcpRNFLT). We also measured central-strip RNFLT (csRNFLT) and GCC (csGCCT) in a 1.5 × 6.6 mm area of the scan centered between the fovea and optic nerve head. CsRNFLT and csGCCT were divided lengthwise into three 1.5 × 2.2 mm sections. We then calculated Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between these OCT measurements and visual acuity. Logistic regression analysis was used to find the cutoff value for the OCT measurements to predict logMAR < 0. RESULTS The correlation coefficients with logMAR were 0.38 for mRNFLT, 0.44 for mGCCT, 0.37 for middle csRNFLT, 0.50 for middle csGCCT, and 0.33 for tcpRNFLT (all P < .0001). For middle csGCCT, the area under the curve indicating decreased visual acuity was 0.80, with a cutoff value of 88.6 μm (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS We found strong associations between OCT parameters in the PMB, especially middle csGCCT, and visual acuity in patients with OAG. The thickness of the PMB may therefore be valuable information for glaucoma care and may help prevent visual acuity disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
| | - K Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
| | - K Pak
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Management, Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development , Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Kikawa
- Topcon Corporation , Tokyo, Japan
| | - W Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
| | - M Akiba
- Topcon Corporation , Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan.,Department of Retinal Disease Control, Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan.,Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
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18
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Motozawa N, An G, Takagi S, Kitahata S, Mandai M, Hirami Y, Yokota H, Akiba M, Tsujikawa A, Takahashi M, Kurimoto Y. Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Deep-Learning Models for Classifying Normal and Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Exudative and Non-Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration Changes. Ophthalmol Ther 2019; 8:527-539. [PMID: 31407214 PMCID: PMC6858411 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-019-00207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images is increasing in the medical treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and thus, the amount of data requiring analysis is increasing. Advances in machine-learning techniques may facilitate processing of large amounts of medical image data. Among deep-learning methods, convolution neural networks (CNNs) show superior image recognition ability. This study aimed to build deep-learning models that could distinguish AMD from healthy OCT scans and to distinguish AMD with and without exudative changes without using a segmentation algorithm. METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational clinical study. A total of 1621 spectral domain (SD)-OCT images of patients with AMD and a healthy control group were studied. The first CNN model was trained and validated using 1382 AMD images and 239 normal images. The second transfer-learning model was trained and validated with 721 AMD images with exudative changes and 661 AMD images without any exudate. The attention area of the CNN was described as a heat map by class activation mapping (CAM). In the second model, which classified images into AMD with or without exudative changes, we compared the learning stabilization of models using or not using transfer learning. RESULTS Using the first CNN model, we could classify AMD and normal OCT images with 100% sensitivity, 91.8% specificity, and 99.0% accuracy. In the second, transfer-learning model, we could classify AMD as having or not having exudative changes, with 98.4% sensitivity, 88.3% specificity, and 93.9% accuracy. CAM successfully described the heat-map area on the OCT images. Including the transfer-learning model in the second model resulted in faster stabilization than when the transfer-learning model was not included. CONCLUSION Two computational deep-learning models were developed and evaluated here; both models showed good performance. Automation of the interpretation process by using deep-learning models can save time and improve efficiency. TRIAL REGISTRATION No15073.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Motozawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Guangzhou An
- R&D Division, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
- Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiji Takagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shohei Kitahata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Michiko Mandai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Hirami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideo Yokota
- Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiba
- R&D Division, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
- Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kurimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
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19
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Takagi S, Kudo S, Yokota H, Akiba M, Mandai M, Hirami Y, Takahashi M, Kurimoto Y, Ishida M. Assessment of the deformation of the outer nuclear layer in the Epiretinal membrane using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:113. [PMID: 31101025 PMCID: PMC6525344 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate the deformation of the outer nuclear layer using optical coherence tomography in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) and its relationship with metamorphopsia. Methods Thirty-nine eyes from 39 patients with ERM were included in the study. Patients with the subtypes of pseudo macula hole and lamellar hole were excluded. Twenty-one fellow eyes without macular disease were included as normal controls. Forty-nine B-scan images were obtained in the range of 20 degrees around the macula using SD-OCT. The outer nuclear layer (ONL) was evaluated as a three-dimensional image (3D-ONL) reconstructed using the distance between the ONL and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) line. The deformation of the ONL was figured at the reference plane and evaluation plane (ONL-B). The characteristic parameters of the ONL-B were defined as circularity, area ratio, and axis ratio. The correlations between these parameters and visual acuity and MCHART score ratio (MH/MV) were then evaluated. Results ONL height was significantly higher in ERM patients than in normal controls (54.1 ± 5.3 μm and 84.1 ± 12.9 μm, respectively; P < 0.001). In ERM patients, the MV score was 0.53 ± 0.50, the MH score was 0.71 ± 0.61, and the distance from the RPE line to the ONL-B was 153.5 ± 13.5 μm. The axis of the ONL-B in normal controls and ERM patients was − 6.25 ± 21.8 and − 1.28 ± 29.1, respectively, which indicates that the ONL is horizontally long in both normal individuals and ERM patients. The circularity and area ratio were significantly smaller in ERM patients than in normal controls. In all ERM patients, MH/MV had a significant correlation with axis (r = − 0.29, p = 0.034), circularity (r = − 0.28, p = 0.044), and area ratio (r = − 0.47, p = 0.001). Moreover, we found that the correlation was more significant if the subjects had an axis of the ONL within ±10 degrees (n = 16); the correlations of MH/MV with axis (r = − 0.29, p = 0.034), circularity (r = − 0.53, p = 0.021), and area ratio were more significant (r = − 0.78, P < 0.0001). Conclusion The ONL is horizontally long in normal individuals and ERM patients. The direction of metamorphopsia is correlated with the direction of ONL deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Takagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Teikyo University, University Hospital Mizonokuchi, 5-1-1 Futago, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 213-8507, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Kudo
- Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hideo Yokota
- Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiba
- Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,R&D Division, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Mandai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Hirami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, 2-1-8, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kurimoto
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Teikyo University, University Hospital Mizonokuchi, 5-1-1 Futago, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 213-8507, Japan
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20
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Sakai J, Minamide KJ, Nakamura S, Song YS, Tani T, Yoshida A, Akiba M. Retinal Arteriole Pulse Waveform Analysis Using a Fully-Automated Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography Flowmeter: a Pilot Study. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:13. [PMID: 31110914 PMCID: PMC6504205 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the measurement of retinal arteriole pulse waveforms using a novel fully-automated Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) flowmeter in healthy subjects. Methods Twenty eyes of 20 healthy subjects were included to test the intrasession repeatability of pulse waveform analysis. DOCT measurements were performed based on a newly developed instantaneous Doppler angle measurement method. Upstroke time (UT), which is the time from the minimum to the maximum retinal blood velocity, and the resistance index (RI) of the retinal arteriole pulse waveform were measured. Coefficients of variation (CVs) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. Interdevice reproducibility between two instruments was assessed in five eyes of five subjects. Results The mean UT was 130.3 ms (range, 110.1–152.1 ms), and the mean RI was 0.66 (range, 0.51–0.82). The respective ICCs of UT and the RI for the intrasession repeatability of assessment were 0.87 and 0.78. The respective CVs of UT and the RI were 6.6 ± 3.3% and 4.7 ± 2.1%. Regarding interdevice reproducibility, there were no significant differences between the measurements derived from the instruments (P > 0.05). Conclusions Pulse waveform measurement in retinal arterioles using a fully-automated DOCT flowmeter exhibited good repeatability and interdevice reproducibility. Translational Relevance The above-described improved DOCT flowmeter system provides reasonably repeatable measurements of retinal arteriole pulse waveforms, potentially facilitating systemic-circulation abnormality monitoring. The examination of the circulation with the novel device can be potentially useful for evaluating systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sakai
- Research and Development Division, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana J Minamide
- Research and Development Division, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Young-Seok Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiba
- Research and Development Division, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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An G, Omodaka K, Hashimoto K, Tsuda S, Shiga Y, Takada N, Kikawa T, Yokota H, Akiba M, Nakazawa T. Glaucoma Diagnosis with Machine Learning Based on Optical Coherence Tomography and Color Fundus Images. J Healthc Eng 2019; 2019:4061313. [PMID: 30911364 PMCID: PMC6397963 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4061313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a machine learning-based algorithm for glaucoma diagnosis in patients with open-angle glaucoma, based on three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT) data and color fundus images. In this study, 208 glaucomatous and 149 healthy eyes were enrolled, and color fundus images and volumetric OCT data from the optic disc and macular area of these eyes were captured with a spectral-domain OCT (3D OCT-2000, Topcon). Thickness and deviation maps were created with a segmentation algorithm. Transfer learning of convolutional neural network (CNN) was used with the following types of input images: (1) fundus image of optic disc in grayscale format, (2) disc retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness map, (3) macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness map, (4) disc RNFL deviation map, and (5) macular GCC deviation map. Data augmentation and dropout were performed to train the CNN. For combining the results from each CNN model, a random forest (RF) was trained to classify the disc fundus images of healthy and glaucomatous eyes using feature vector representation of each input image, removing the second fully connected layer. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of a 10-fold cross validation (CV) was used to evaluate the models. The 10-fold CV AUCs of the CNNs were 0.940 for color fundus images, 0.942 for RNFL thickness maps, 0.944 for macular GCC thickness maps, 0.949 for disc RNFL deviation maps, and 0.952 for macular GCC deviation maps. The RF combining the five separate CNN models improved the 10-fold CV AUC to 0.963. Therefore, the machine learning system described here can accurately differentiate between healthy and glaucomatous subjects based on their extracted images from OCT data and color fundus images. This system should help to improve the diagnostic accuracy in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhou An
- R&D Division, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
- Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Tsuda
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoko Takada
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Yokota
- R&D Division, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiba
- R&D Division, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
- Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
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22
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Omodaka K, Maekawa S, An G, Tsuda S, Shiga Y, Takada N, Kikawa T, Takahashi H, Yokota H, Akiba M, Nakazawa T. Pilot study for three-dimensional assessment of laminar pore structure in patients with glaucoma, as measured with swept source optical coherence tomography. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207600. [PMID: 30462712 PMCID: PMC6248986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a method to quantify, based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT), the 3D structure of the laminar pores in patients with glaucoma. Methods This retrospective study examined 160 laminar pores from 8 eyes of 8 cases: 4 normal subjects and 4 open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients. We reconstructed 3D volume data for a 3 x 3 mm disc, using a method similar to OCT angiography, and segmented the structure of the lamina cribrosa. Then, we manually segmented each laminar pore in sequential C-scan images (>90 slices at 2.6-micron intervals) with VCAT5 (RIKEN, Japan). We compared the control and OAG subjects with the Mann-Whitney U test. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results We found that the laminar pores of the OAG patients had a significantly smaller average cross-sectional area, smaller 3D volume (adjusted to the average thickness of the lamina cribrosa), and higher true sphericity, and lower principal value (P1, 2, 3) of the 3D structure data (all: p < 0.0001). The topographic distribution of damaged laminar pores was consistent with the damaged area of the macular map. Conclusion We successfully developed a method to quantify the 3D structure of the laminar pores; providing a useful tool to assess lamina cribrosa-associated risk factors for glaucoma. These findings promise to benefit future investigations into the pathomechanisms of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeto Maekawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Guangzhou An
- R&D Division, TOPCON Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
- Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Satoru Tsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoko Takada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Hidetoshi Takahashi
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Department of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideo Yokota
- Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiba
- R&D Division, TOPCON Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
- Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
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23
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Omodaka K, An G, Tsuda S, Shiga Y, Takada N, Kikawa T, Takahashi H, Yokota H, Akiba M, Nakazawa T. Classification of optic disc shape in glaucoma using machine learning based on quantified ocular parameters. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190012. [PMID: 29261773 PMCID: PMC5736185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a machine learning-based algorithm for objective classification of the optic disc in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG), using quantitative parameters obtained from ophthalmic examination instruments. METHODS This study enrolled 163 eyes of 105 OAG patients (age: 62.3 ± 12.6, mean deviation of Humphrey field analyzer: -8.9 ± 7.5 dB). The eyes were classified into Nicolela's 4 optic disc types by 3 glaucoma specialists. Randomly, 114 eyes were selected for training data and 49 for test data. A neural network (NN) was trained with the training data and evaluated with the test data. We used 91 types of quantitative data, including 7 patient background characteristics, 48 quantified OCT (swept-source OCT; DRI OCT Atlantis, Topcon) values, including optic disc topography and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT), and 36 blood flow parameters from laser speckle flowgraphy, to build the machine learning classification model. To extract the important features among 91 parameters, minimum redundancy maximum relevance and a genetic feature selection were used. RESULTS The validated accuracy against test data for the NN was 87.8% (Cohen's Kappa = 0.83). The important features in the NN were horizontal disc angle, spherical equivalent, cup area, age, 6-sector superotemporal cpRNFLT, average cup depth, average nasal rim disc ratio, maximum cup depth, and superior-quadrant cpRNFLT. CONCLUSION The proposed machine learning system has proved to be good identifiers for different disc types with high accuracy. Additionally, the calculated confidence levels reported here should be very helpful for OAG care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Guangzhou An
- R&D Division, TOPCON Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.,Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Satoru Tsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoko Takada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Hidetoshi Takahashi
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Department of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideo Yokota
- Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, RIKEN, Wako, Japan.,Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiba
- R&D Division, TOPCON Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.,Cloud-Based Eye Disease Diagnosis Joint Research Team, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN, Wako, Japan.,Department of Retinal Disease Control, Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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24
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Miura N, Omodaka K, Kimura K, Matsumoto A, Kikawa T, Takahashi S, Takada N, Takahashi H, Maruyama K, Akiba M, Yuasa T, Nakazawa T. Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer defect using wide-field en-face swept-source OCT images by applying the inner limiting membrane flattening. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185573. [PMID: 29077716 PMCID: PMC5659603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer defects (RNFLDs) is a useful part of glaucoma care. Here, we obtained en-face images of retinal layers below the inner limiting membrane (ILM) with swept source-optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), and measured RNFLD angle with new software. Methods This study included 105 eyes of 105 normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients (age, 59.8 ± 13.2). Exclusion criteria were best-corrected visual acuity < 0.5, axial length > 28 mm, non-glaucoma ocular disease, and systemic disease affecting the visual field. We obtained 12 x 9 mm 3D volume scans centered on the macula with SS-OCT (DRI OCT-1, Topcon), and from these scans, created 3 averaged en-face images, each comprising 7 horizontal en-face images (total thickness: 18.2 μm). We labeled these averaged images, according to their depth below the ILM, as en-face images 1 (shallowest), 2 (middle) and 3 (deepest). In each image, a circle was drawn centered on the disc, with a radius of half the distance between the centers of the disc and macula. The investigator marked points where the edge of the RNFLD intersected this circle, and RNFLD angle (RNFLDA) was calculated with new software. Finally, we analyzed the association between RNFLDA, cpRNFLT, weighted RGC count (wrgc) and Humphrey field analyzer (HFA)-measured mean deviation (MD) and hemifield total deviation (TD), both overall and in each hemifield. Results En-face image 2 had the highest interclass reproducibility for measuring RNFLDA (intra-rater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.988, inter-rater ICC: 0.962). The correlation coefficients with RNFLDA were: HFA MD, -0.60; superior TD, -0.73; inferior TD, -0.69; overall cpRNFLT, -0.27; superior hemifield cpRNFLT, -0.39; and inferior hemifield cpRNFLT, -0.53 (all p<0.001). Conclusions RNFLDA measured in SS-OCT images had high reproducibility and was correlated to glaucoma severity. Our new method may be a valuable future part of glaucoma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koudai Kimura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | | | - Seri Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoko Takada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Yuasa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
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25
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Omodaka K, Kikawa T, Shiga Y, Tsuda S, Yokoyama Y, Sato H, Ohuchi J, Matsumoto A, Takahashi H, Akiba M, Nakazawa T. Usefulness of axonal tract-dependent OCT macular sectors for evaluating structural change in normal-tension glaucoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185649. [PMID: 28973002 PMCID: PMC5626427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify sectors of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular map that could be used to effectively assess structural progression in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods This study examined 117 eyes of 117 NTG patients to establish axonal tract-dependent macular sectors, and also examined a separate group of 122 eyes of 81 NTG patients to evaluate the ability of these sectors to reveal glaucoma progression. Longitudinal data, including macular maps from at least 5 OCT examinations performed over at least 2 years, was available for all patients in this group. Circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT), temporal clockwise sector scans (from 7 to 11 o’clock), macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (mRNFLT), and macular ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer thickness (mGCIPLT) were measured with spectral-domain OCT (3D OCT-2000, TOPCON). The axonal tract-dependent macular sectors were identified by calculating Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for each point on a grid overlaid on the macular map and cpRNFLT in each clockwise scan sector. Trend and event analyses for the slope of progression in each sector and macular map were performed. Visual field progression in the macula was defined by the presence of more than 2 progressive test points in the 16 central test points of the Humphrey field analyzer SITA standard 24–2 program, evaluated with Progressor software. Results The slope of progression in the entire macular area was -0.22 ± 0.58 μm/year for mRNFLT and -0.35 ± 0.52 μm/year for mGCIPLT. The fastest-progressing mRNFLT sector (-1.00 ± 0.84 μm/year, p < 0.001) and mGCIPLT sector (-1.16 ± 0.63 μm/year, p < 0.001) progressed significantly faster than the overall macula. Classifying patients according to visual field progression showed that baseline mRNFLT in the inferior hemifield, 7 and 8 o’clock sectors, as well as baseline mGCIPLT in the overall macular map, inferior hemifield, and 8 o’clock sector, were significantly lower in progressors (22 eyes) than non-progressors (100 eyes). There were significant differences in mRNFLT slope in 8 o’clock sector and in the fastest progressing sector in progressors and non-progressors, but mGCIPLT did not differ, even in the fastest-progressing sector. Event analysis showed that progression occurred most frequently in inferior mRNFLT and superior mGCIPLT in this study. Conclusion Axonal tract-dependent OCT macular sectors could effectively reveal structural change in patients with NTG. Furthermore, mRNFLT slope was consistent with visual field progression. This method promises to open new avenues for the OCT-based evaluation of glaucoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Tsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Yokoyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruka Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Ohuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Hidetoshi Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Ophthalmology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Yoshida H, Taniguchi M, Yokoyama K, Hirohata Y, Akiba M, Hino T. Deuterium retention of co-deposited carbon dust. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst02-a22724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Yoshida
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628 Japan. +81-11-706-7108
- NBI Heating Laboratory, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 Japan. +81-29-270-7552
| | - M. Taniguchi
- NBI Heating Laboratory, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 Japan. +81-29-270-7552
| | - K. Yokoyama
- NBI Heating Laboratory, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 Japan. +81-29-270-7552
| | - Y. Hirohata
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628 Japan. +81-11-706-7108
| | - M. Akiba
- NBI Heating Laboratory, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 Japan. +81-29-270-7552
| | - T. Hino
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628 Japan. +81-11-706-7108
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Kosaku Y, Yanagi Y, Enoeda M, Akiba M. Evaluation of Tritium Permeation in Solid Breeder Blanket Cooled by Supercritical Water. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst02-a22727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Kosaku
- Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute 801-1 mukoyama, Naka-machi Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 JAPAN +81-29-270-7488
| | - Y. Yanagi
- Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute 801-1 mukoyama, Naka-machi Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 JAPAN +81-29-270-7488
| | - M. Enoeda
- Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute 801-1 mukoyama, Naka-machi Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 JAPAN +81-29-270-7488
| | - M. Akiba
- Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute 801-1 mukoyama, Naka-machi Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 JAPAN +81-29-270-7488
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Tani T, Song YS, Yoshioka T, Omae T, Ishibazawa A, Akiba M, Yoshida A. Repeatability and Reproducibility of Retinal Blood Flow Measurement Using a Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography Flowmeter in Healthy Subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:2891-2898. [PMID: 28586913 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of retinal blood flow (RBF) measurements in humans by using new auto-alignment and measurement software in a commercially available Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) system. Methods The DOCT flowmeter assessed the intrasession repeatability and the intersession and interobserver reproducibility of the RBF measurements. For intrasession repeatability, the coefficients of variation (CVs) of five repeated RBF measurements were calculated at the retinal arteries and veins in 20 normal eyes of 20 healthy volunteers. For intersession reproducibility, two sets of three measurements obtained by one observer on 2 different days were compared. For interobserver reproducibility, two sets of three measurements obtained by two observers on the same day were compared. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) also were used to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility. The relevance of the DOCT flowmeter and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) also was assessed. Results Regarding intrasession repeatability, the ICC of the RBF exceeded 0.90 in arterioles and venules (ICC: 0.994 and 0.970, respectively). The CVs of the RBF in the arterioles and venules were 6.0% ± 3.4% and 8.8% ± 5.1%, respectively. The intersession and interobserver RBF values had high reproducibility in the arterioles (ICC: 0.980 and 0.993, respectively) and venules (ICC: 0.982 and 0.986, respectively). The RBF measured with the DOCT flowmeter was correlated strongly with LDV in the arterioles (r = 0.76; P < 0.001). Conclusions The DOCT flowmeter had good reproducibility in the arterioles and venules and precisely measured the RBF as compared to the LDV in the arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Tani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Young-Seok Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yoshioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Omae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishibazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Akitoshi Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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Nagaoka T, Tani T, Song YS, Yoshioka T, Ishibazawa A, Nakabayashi S, Akiba M, Yoshida A. Evaluation of Retinal Circulation Using Segmental-Scanning Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography in Anesthetized Cats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:2936-41. [PMID: 27273591 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-18303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study retinal blood flow (RBF) measurement reproducibility using segmental-scanning Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) in vitro in glass capillaries and in vivo in anesthetized cats. METHODS As a preliminary study, the flow rates of human blood through glass capillaries were changed by using an infusion pump and measured at 13 preset velocities by DOCT. For in vivo measurement, the cats were anesthetized using sevoflurane. The flow in the parent vessel was compared with the sum of the flow values in the two daughter vessels. The RBF was measured using two different instruments: bidirectional laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and DOCT. The reproducibility of the measurements was assessed by calculating the coefficients of variation (CVs) for repeated measurements of RBF at the superior retinal arterioles and venules. RESULTS In vitro, the flow velocities measured by DOCT agreed well with the preset velocities. In vivo, the flow in the parent vessel agreed with the sum of the flow values in the two daughter vessels. In addition, there were no significant differences in the mean averaged CVs of the RBF in both the arterioles and venules between LDV and DOCT. CONCLUSIONS The newly developed segmental-scanning DOCT revealed the accuracy of the measurement in in vitro glass capillaries and reproducibility of the measurements of blood velocity in both the retinal arterioles and venules in anesthetized cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Nagaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tani
- Department of Ophthalmology Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Young-Seok Song
- Department of Ophthalmology Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yoshioka
- Department of Ophthalmology Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishibazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Seigo Nakabayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Akitoshi Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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Suzuki S, Ueda Y, Tokunaga K, Sato K, Akiba M. Present Research Status on Divertor and Plasma Facing Components for Fusion Power Plants. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst03-a308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Suzuki
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 801-1 Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 Japan, (0)29-270-7551
| | - Y. Ueda
- Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka-fu, 565-0871 Japan (0)6-6879-7236
| | - K. Tokunaga
- Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 816-8580 Japan, (0)92-583-7986
| | - K. Sato
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 801-1 Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 Japan, (0)29-270-7488
| | - M. Akiba
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 801-1 Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 Japan, (0)29-270-7581
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Hatano T, Enoeda M, Suzuki S, Kosaku Y, Akiba M. Effective Thermal Conductivity of a Li2TiO3Pebble Bed for a DEMO Blanket. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst03-a316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Hatano
- Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 801-1 Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 Japan, 81-29-270-7570
| | - M. Enoeda
- Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 801-1 Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 Japan, 81-29-270-7588
| | - S. Suzuki
- Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 801-1 Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 Japan, 81-29-270-7551
| | - Y. Kosaku
- Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 801-1 Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 Japan, 81-29-270-7570
| | - M. Akiba
- Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 801-1 Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-0193 Japan, 81-29-270-7581
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Ezato K, Dairaku M, Taniguchi M, Sato K, Suzuki S, Akiba M, Ibbott C, Tivey R. Development of ITER Divertor Vertical Target with Annular Flow Concept—I: Thermal-Hydraulic Characteristics of Annular Swirl Tube. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst04-a587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ezato
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Department of Fusion Engineering Research 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - M. Dairaku
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Department of Fusion Engineering Research 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - M. Taniguchi
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Department of Fusion Engineering Research 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - K. Sato
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Department of Fusion Engineering Research 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - S. Suzuki
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Department of Fusion Engineering Research 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - M. Akiba
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Department of Fusion Engineering Research 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - C. Ibbott
- ITER Garching Joint Work Site, Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphyik Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - R. Tivey
- ITER Garching Joint Work Site, Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphyik Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748, Garching, Germany
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Ezato K, Dairaku M, Taniguchi M, Sato K, Suzuki S, Akiba M, Ibbott C, Tivey R. Development of ITER Divertor Vertical Target with Annular Flow Concept—II: Development of Brazing Technique for CFC/CuCrZr Joint and Heating Test of Large-Scale Mock-Up. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst04-a588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ezato
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Department of Fusion Engineering Research 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - M. Dairaku
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Department of Fusion Engineering Research 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - M. Taniguchi
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Department of Fusion Engineering Research 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - K. Sato
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Department of Fusion Engineering Research 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - S. Suzuki
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Department of Fusion Engineering Research 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - M. Akiba
- Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Department of Fusion Engineering Research 801-1, Mukoyama, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - C. Ibbott
- ITER Garching Joint Work Site, Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphyik Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - R. Tivey
- ITER Garching Joint Work Site, Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphyik Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748, Garching, Germany
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Higaki M, Otsuka T, Tokunaga K, Hashizume K, Ezato K, Suzuki S, Enoeda M, Akiba M. Determination of Hydrogen Diffusion Coefficients in F82H by Hydrogen Depth Profiling with a Tritium Imaging Plate Technique. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst14-t33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Higaki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - T. Otsuka
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - K. Tokunaga
- Research Institute of Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Kouen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - K. Hashizume
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - K. Ezato
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - S. Suzuki
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - M. Enoeda
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - M. Akiba
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
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Cheng J, Tao D, Quan Y, Wong DWK, Cheung GCM, Akiba M, Liu J. Speckle Reduction in 3D Optical Coherence Tomography of Retina by A-Scan Reconstruction. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2016; 35:2270-2279. [PMID: 27116734 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2016.2556080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a micrometer-scale, cross-sectional imaging modality for biological tissue. It has been widely used for retinal imaging in ophthalmology. Speckle noise is problematic in OCT. A raw OCT image/volume usually has very poor image quality due to speckle noise, which often obscures the retinal structures. Overlapping scan is often used for speckle reduction in a 2D line-scan. However, it leads to an increase of the data acquisition time. Therefore, it is unpractical in 3D scan as it requires a much longer data acquisition time. In this paper, we propose a new method for speckle reduction in 3D OCT. The proposed method models each A -scan as the sum of underlying clean A -scan and noise. Based on the assumption that neighboring A -scans are highly similar in the retina, the method reconstructs each A -scan from its neighboring scans. In the method, the neighboring A -scans are aligned/registered to the A -scan to be reconstructed and form a matrix together. Then low rank matrix completion using bilateral random projection is utilized to iteratively estimate the noise and recover the underlying clean A -scan. The proposed method is evaluated through the mean square error, peak signal to noise ratio and the mean structure similarity index using high quality line-scan images as reference. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than other methods. In addition, the subsequent retinal layer segmentation also shows that the proposed method makes the automatic retinal layer segmentation more accurate. The technology can be embedded into current OCT machines to enhance the image quality for visualization and subsequent analysis such as retinal layer segmentation.
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Takada N, Omodaka K, Kikawa T, Takagi A, Matsumoto A, Yokoyama Y, Shiga Y, Maruyama K, Takahashi H, Akiba M, Nakazawa T. OCT-Based Quantification and Classification of Optic Disc Structure in Glaucoma Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160226. [PMID: 27557112 PMCID: PMC4996503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To objectively classify the optic discs of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients into Nicolela's four disc types, i.e., focal ischemic (FI), myopic (MY), senile sclerotic (SS), and generalized enlargement (GE), with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). METHODS This study enrolled 113 eyes of 113 OAG patients (mean age: 62.5 ± 12.6; Humphrey field analyzer-measured mean deviation: -9.4 ± 7.3 dB). Newly developed software was used to quantify a total of 20 optic disc parameters in SS-OCT (DRI OCT-1, TOPCON) images of the optic disc. The most suitable reference plane (RP) above the plane of Bruch's membrane opening was determined by comparing, at various RP heights, the SS-OCT-measured rim parameters and spectral-domain OCT-measured circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT), with Pearson's correlation analysis. To obtain a discriminant formula for disc type classification, a training group of 72 eyes of 72 OAG patients and a validation group of 60 eyes of 60 OAG patients were set up. RESULTS Correlation with cpRNFLT differed with disc type and RP height, but overall, a height of 120 μm minimized the influence of disc type. Six parameters were most significant for disc type discrimination: disc angle (horizontal), average cup depth, cup/disc ratio, rim-decentering ratio, average rim/disc ratio (upper and lower nasal). Classifying the validation group with these parameters returned an identification rate of 80.0% and a Cohen's Kappa of 0.73. CONCLUSION Our new, objective SS-OCT-based method enabled us to classify glaucomatous optic discs with high reproducibility and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Takada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmic imaging and information analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Airi Takagi
- Division of Biostatistics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Yu Yokoyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmic imaging and information analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Asai T, Ikuno Y, Akiba M, Kikawa T, Usui S, Nishida K. Analysis of Peripapillary Geometric Characters in High Myopia Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57:137-44. [PMID: 26780317 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We measured the three-dimensional geometric profile around the optic nerve head (ONH) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in highly myopic eyes. METHODS We studied 114 highly myopic eyes (<-6.0 diopters [D]) of 114 patients without glaucoma. Eyes were examined using the prototype SS-OCT. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and chorioscleral interface were traced, and the mean y-axis coordinates of 24 sectors were calculated in circular peripapillary (3.4-mm diameter) images. The peripapillary tilting index (PTI) was calculated by subtracting the mean y-axis coordinate of the RPE in a sector from the mean of all sectors. The main outcome measures were the PTI and its association with the staphyloma depth from the OCT images and the ovality index (OI) of the ONH and peripapillary atrophy (PPA) area from fundus photographs. RESULTS The PTI differed significantly (P < 0.0001) among the 24 sectors and was lowest at the inferotemporal sector (-1930.76 μm). The minimal PTI value was in the temporal to inferotemporal sectors in 88 (77.2%) eyes and was correlated significantly with the OI (P < 0.0001) and age (P < 0.001) but not with the equivalent refractive error or axial length. The minimal PTI was correlated significantly with the PPA area (P < 0.05), minimal choroidal thickness (P < 0.05), macular choroidal thickness (P < 0.0001), and staphyloma depth (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The peripapillary area is tilted inferotemporally in 77.2% of myopic eyes. Peripapillary tilting was markedly greater in older patients. Greater tilt was associated with a thinner choroid, more extensive PPA, and deeper staphyloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Asai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ikuno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Shinichi Usui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
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Omodaka K, Takahashi S, Matsumoto A, Maekawa S, Kikawa T, Himori N, Takahashi H, Maruyama K, Kunikata H, Akiba M, Nakazawa T. Clinical Factors Associated with Lamina Cribrosa Thickness in Patients with Glaucoma, as Measured with Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153707. [PMID: 27100404 PMCID: PMC4839731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the influence of various risk factors on thinning of the lamina cribrosa (LC), as measured with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT; Topcon). Methods This retrospective study comprised 150 eyes of 150 patients: 22 normal subjects, 28 preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) patients, and 100 open-angle glaucoma patients. Average LC thickness was determined in a 3 x 3 mm cube scan of the optic disc, over which a 4 x 4 grid of 16 points was superimposed (interpoint distance: 175 μm), centered on the circular Bruch’s membrane opening. The borders of the LC were defined as the visible limits of the LC pores. The correlation of LC thickness with Humphrey field analyzer-measured mean deviation (MD; SITA standard 24–2), circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT), the vertical cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio, and tissue mean blur rate (MBR) was determined with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The relationship of LC thickness with age, axial length, intraocular pressure (IOP), MD, the vertical C/D ratio, central corneal thickness (CCT), and tissue MBR was determined with multiple regression analysis. Average LC thickness and the correlation between LC thickness and MD were compared in patients with the glaucomatous enlargement (GE) optic disc type and those with non-GE disc types, as classified with Nicolela’s method. Results We found that average LC thickness in the 16 grid points was significantly associated with overall LC thickness (r = 0.77, P < 0.001). The measurement time for this area was 12.4 ± 2.4 minutes. Average LC thickness in this area had a correlation coefficient of 0.57 with cpRNFLT (P < 0.001) and 0.46 (P < 0.001) with MD. Average LC thickness differed significantly between the groups (normal: 268 ± 23 μm, PPG: 248 ± 13 μm, OAG: 233 ± 20 μm). Multiple regression analysis showed that MD (β = 0.29, P = 0.013), vertical C/D ratio (β = -0.25, P = 0.020) and tissue MBR (β = 0.20, P = 0.034) were independent variables significantly affecting LC thickness, but age, axial length, IOP, and CCT were not. LC thickness was significantly lower in the GE patients (233.9 ± 17.3 μm) than the non-GE patients (243.6 ± 19.5 μm, P = 0.040). The correlation coefficient between MD and LC thickness was 0.58 (P < 0.001) in the GE patients and 0.39 (P = 0.013) in the non-GE patients. Conclusion Cupping formation and tissue blood flow were independently correlated to LC thinning. Glaucoma patients with the GE disc type, who predominantly have large cupping, had lower LC thickness even with similar glaucoma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seri Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Shigeto Maekawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Himori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunikata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Watanabe T, Mitomo H, Eba S, Notsuda H, Watanabe Y, Oishi H, Niikawa H, Matsuda Y, Noda M, Sado T, Sakurada A, Hoshikawa Y, Akiba M, Kondo T, Seyama K, Okada Y. Outcome of Single Lung Transplantation for Lymphangioleiomyomatosis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Akiba M. Low-noise and high-speed photodetection system using optical feedback with a current amplification function. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:094705. [PMID: 26429465 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A photodetection system with an optical-feedback circuit accompanied by current amplification was fabricated to minimize the drawbacks associated with a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with a very high resistance feedback resistor. Current amplification was implemented by extracting an output light from the same light source that emitted the feedback light. The current gain corresponds to the ratio of the photocurrent created by the output light to that created by the feedback light because the feedback current value is identical to the input photocurrent value generated by an input light to be measured. The current gain has no theoretical limit. The output light was detected by a photodiode with a TIA having a small feedback resistance. The expression for the input-referred noise current of the optical-feedback photodetection system was derived, and the trade-off between sensitivity and response, which is a characteristic of TIA, was found to considerably improve. An optical-feedback photodetection system with an InGaAs pin photodiode was fabricated. The measured noise equivalent power of the system was 1.7 fW/Hz(1/2) at 10 Hz and 1.3 μm, which is consistent with the derived expression. The time response of the system was found to deteriorate with decreasing photocurrent. The 50% rise time for a light pulse input increased from 3.1 μs at a photocurrent of 10 nA to 15 μs at photocurrents below 10 pA. The bandwidth of the input-referred noise current was 7 kHz, which is consistent with rise times below 10 pA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akiba
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
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Omodaka K, Horii T, Takahashi S, Kikawa T, Matsumoto A, Shiga Y, Maruyama K, Yuasa T, Akiba M, Nakazawa T. 3D evaluation of the lamina cribrosa with swept-source optical coherence tomography in normal tension glaucoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122347. [PMID: 25875096 PMCID: PMC4398555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although the lamina cribrosa (LC) is the primary site of axonal damage in glaucoma, adequate methods to image and measure it are currently lacking. Here, we describe a noninvasive, in vivo method of evaluating the LC, based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), and determine this method’s ability to quantify LC thickness. Methods This study comprised 54 eyes, including normal (n = 18), preperimetric glaucoma (PPG; n = 18), and normal tension glaucoma (NTG; n = 18) eyes. We used SS-OCT to obtain 3 x 3 mm cube scans of an area centered on the optic disc, and then synchronized reconstructed B- and en-face images from this data. We identified the LC in these B-scan images by marking the visible borders of the LC pores. We marked points on the anterior and posterior borders of the LC in 12 B-scan images in order to create a skeleton model of the LC. Finally, we used B-spline interpolation to form a 3D model of the LC, including only reliably measured scan areas. We calculated the average LC thickness (avgLCT) in this model and used Spearman's rank correlation coefficient to compare it with circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT). Results We found that the correlation coefficient of avgLCT and cpRNFLT was 0.64 (p < 0.01). The coefficient of variation for avgLCT was 5.1%. AvgLCT differed significantly in the groups (normal: 282.6 ± 20.6 μm, PPG: 261.4 ± 15.8 μm, NTG: 232.6 ± 33.3 μm). The normal, PPG and NTG groups did not significantly differ in age, sex, refractive error or intraocular pressure (IOP), although the normal and NTG groups differed significantly in cpRNFLT and Humphrey field analyzer measurements of mean deviation. Conclusion Thus, our results indicate that the parameters of our newly developed method of measuring LC thickness with SS-OCT may provide useful and important data for glaucoma diagnosis and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Horii
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Seri Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yuasa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Sakimoto S, Gomi F, Sakaguchi H, Akiba M, Kamei M, Nishida K. Analysis of Retinal Nonperfusion Using Depth-Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography Images in Eyes With Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:640-6. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sayanagi K, Gomi F, Akiba M, Sawa M, Hara C, Nishida K. En-face high-penetration optical coherence tomography imaging in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2014; 99:29-35. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Cheng J, Duan L, Wong DWK, Akiba M, Liu J. Speckle reduction in optical coherence tomography by matrix completion using bilateral random projection. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2014; 2014:186-189. [PMID: 25569928 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6943560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Speckle noise is problematic in optical coherence tomography (OCT) and often obscures the structure details. In this paper, we propose a new method to reduce speckle noise from multiply scanned OCT slices. The proposed method registers the OCT scans using a global alignment followed by a local alignment based on global and local motion estimation. Then low rank matrix completion using bilateral random projection is utilized to estimate the noise and recover the clean image. Experimental results show that the proposed method archives average contrast to noise ratio 14.90, better than 13.78 by the state-of-the-art method used in current OCT machines. The technology can be embedded into current OCT machines to enhance the image quality.
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Ohno-Matsui K, Hirakata A, Inoue M, Akiba M, Ishibashi T. Evaluation of congenital optic disc pits and optic disc colobomas by swept-source optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:7769-78. [PMID: 24168988 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the structural abnormalities of optic disc pits and colobomas by swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS Sixteen eyes with congenital optic disc pits, and seven eyes with optic disc colobomas were studied. Papillary and peripapillary areas were examined with swept-source OCT. The entire course of the pit or cavity and the spatial relationship between pits and retrobulbar subarachnoid space (SAS) were examined. RESULTS Optical coherence tomography images showed the entire course of the pits from their openings to the bottom in 12 eyes. Shape of optic disc pits varied from sharp triangular cavities to longitudinally oval according to the depth of the pits. In the other four eyes, the pit narrowed into a tunnel along the optic nerve. The entire area of the optic disc was observed in three of seven eyes with disc coloboma by OCT. In all of the eyes with optic disc pits, the lamina cribrosa was torn off of the peripapillary sclera at the site of the pits. In two cases with optic disc pits and one case with optic disc coloboma, Optical coherence tomography showed SAS immediately posterior to the highly reflective tissue lining the bottom of the excavation. The distance between the intraocular cavity and SAS in these three cases were 88, 126, and 133 μm. CONCLUSIONS Swept-source OCT is able to detect different kinds of abnormalities including shape of cavities, defect of lamina cribrosa, or distance to SAS in the excavated optic discs anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Sayanagi K, Gomi F, Ikuno Y, Akiba M, Nishida K. Comparison of spectral-domain and high-penetration OCT for observing morphologic changes in age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 252:3-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Muraoka Y, Tsujikawa A, Kumagai K, Akiba M, Ogino K, Murakami T, Akagi-Kurashige Y, Miyamoto K, Yoshimura N. Age- and hypertension-dependent changes in retinal vessel diameter and wall thickness: an optical coherence tomography study. Am J Ophthalmol 2013; 156:706-14. [PMID: 23876868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate and evaluate the reliability of retinal vessel diameter measurements by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The effects of age and hypertension on vessel diameter were also examined. DESIGN Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS Two hundred thirty-eight eyes (238 subjects) with no ocular disease were included. Hypertension was present in 106 subjects and absent in 132 subjects. Spectralis HRA+OCT was used to scan a circular region around the optic disc. Outer and inner diameters of the 4 largest retinal arteries and veins were measured using OCT vascular wall reflections, and vessel wall thickness was calculated. RESULTS Intervisit, interexaminer, and interevaluator intraclass correlation coefficients of randomly selected vessel measurements were all greater than 0.90. Mean inner arterial and venous diameters were 87.8 ± 9.4 μm and 113.7 ± 12.5 μm, respectively. The OCT-measured mean inner arterial and venous diameters were significantly correlated to fundus photography caliber measurements (P = .005 and P = .001, respectively). Arterial and venous wall thicknesses were 17.4 ± 2.4 μm and 13.7 ± 2.1 μm, respectively, both of which were highly correlated with subject age (arterial: r = 0.612, P < .001, venous: r = 0.455, P < .001). Additionally, both mean arterial and venous wall thicknesses were significantly greater in subjects with hypertension than in age-matched subjects without hypertension (P = .020 and P = .015, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Retinal vessel diameter measurements obtained with OCT were highly reproducible and vessel wall thicknesses, calculated using outer and inner diameter measurements, were significantly thickened by both aging and systemic hypertension.
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Mather A, Reid S, Maskell D, Parkhill J, Fookes M, Harris S, Brown D, Coia J, Mulvey M, Gilmour M, Petrovska L, de Pinna E, Kuroda M, Akiba M, Izumiya H, Connor T, Suchard M, Lemey P, Mellor D, Haydon D, Thomson N. Distinguishable epidemics of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in different hosts. Science 2013; 341:1514-7. [PMID: 24030491 PMCID: PMC4012302 DOI: 10.1126/science.1240578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 provides an important example, both in terms of the agent and its resistance, of a widely disseminated zoonotic pathogen. Here, with an unprecedented national collection of isolates collected contemporaneously from humans and animals and including a sample of internationally derived isolates, we have used whole-genome sequencing to dissect the phylogenetic associations of the bacterium and its antimicrobial resistance genes through the course of an epidemic. Contrary to current tenets supporting a single homogeneous epidemic, we demonstrate that the bacterium and its resistance genes were largely maintained within animal and human populations separately and that there was limited transmission, in either direction. We also show considerable variation in the resistance profiles, in contrast to the largely stable bacterial core genome, which emphasizes the critical importance of integrated genotypic data sets in understanding the ecology of bacterial zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.E. Mather
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - S.W.J. Reid
- Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK
| | - D.J. Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J. Parkhill
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - M.C. Fookes
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - S.R. Harris
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - D.J. Brown
- Scottish Salmonella Shigella and Clostridium difficile Reference Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - J.E. Coia
- Scottish Salmonella Shigella and Clostridium difficile Reference Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M.R. Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - M.W. Gilmour
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - L. Petrovska
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - E. de Pinna
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK
| | - M. Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Akiba
- Bacterial and Parasitic Disease Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - H. Izumiya
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T.R. Connor
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - M.A. Suchard
- Departments of Biomathematics and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - P. Lemey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D.J. Mellor
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D.T. Haydon
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - N.R. Thomson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
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Shahada F, Chuma T, Kosugi G, Kusumoto M, Iwata T, Akiba M. Distribution of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance determinants in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolated from broilers in southern Japan. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1641-9. [PMID: 23687161 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the distribution and diversity of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistance determinants in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli obtained from the same cecal samples and to provide evidence of transmission of the resistance determinants among these bacteria in broiler farms in southern Japan. Salmonella enterica and E. coli were characterized by serotyping and multilocus sequence typing, respectively. An antimicrobial susceptibility test, plasmid analysis, and identification and localization of resistance genes were performed to determine the relatedness of ESC resistance determinants among the isolates. Of 48 flocks examined, 14 had S. enterica. In total, 57 S. enterica isolates were obtained, 45 of which showed ESC resistance. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli were also obtained from all of these ESC-resistant Salmonella-positive samples. β-Lactamase genes, blaTEM-52 (38 isolates), blaCTX-M-14 (1 isolate), and blaCMY-2 (6 isolates), were carried by conjugative untypable or IncP plasmids detected in the S. enterica serovars Infantis and Manhattan. The β-lactamase genes blaCTX-M-14 (3 isolates), blaCTX-M-15 (3 isolates), blaSHV-2 (1 isolate), blaSHV-12 (2 isolates), and blaCMY-2 (32 isolates) associated with IncI1-Iγ, IncFIB, IncFIC, IncK, IncB/O, and IncY plasmids were detected in E. coli co-isolates. Restriction mapping revealed similar plasmids in Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Manhattan and in different sequence types of E. coli. Intraspecies transmission of plasmids was suggested within S. enterica and E. coli populations, whereas interspecies transmission was not observed. This study highlights the importance of plasmids as carriers of ESC resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shahada
- Bacterial and Parasitic Disease Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannonndai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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Akagi T, Hangai M, Kimura Y, Ikeda HO, Nonaka A, Matsumoto A, Akiba M, Yoshimura N. Peripapillary scleral deformation and retinal nerve fiber damage in high myopia assessed with swept-source optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 2013; 155:927-36. [PMID: 23434206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study peripapillary morphologic changes in highly myopic eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography at a longer wavelength. DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS Peripapillary regions of 196 eyes of 107 patients with high myopia (refractive error, <-8.0 diopters or axial length, >26.0 mm) were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively with an swept-source optical coherence tomography prototype system that uses a tunable laser light source operated at a 100,000-Hz A-scan repetition rate in the 1-μm wavelength region. The visual field was evaluated by standard automated perimetry. Area of peripapillary atrophy β and presence of scleral protrusion temporal to the optic disc were assessed. RESULTS Peripapillary atrophy β area, but not disc area, was significantly larger in eyes with visual field defect (3.16 ± 2.70 mm(2); range, 0.00 to 12.85 mm(2)) than those without visual field defect (2.31 ± 2.83 mm(2); range, 0.00 to 17.70 mm(2)). Temporal scleral protrusion was detected by color stereo disc photography in 22 (19.5%) of 113 eyes with visual field defect and in 4 (4.8%) of 83 eyes without visual field defect. Scleral bending demonstrated a wide range of angles (mean, 31.0 ± 21.1 degrees; range, 2 to 80 degrees). The angle of scleral bending, but not the distances from scleral bend to disc margin or foveal center, correlated significantly with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness above the bend (r = -0.557, P = .007) and visual field defect severity (r = -0.445, P = .038). CONCLUSIONS Swept-source optical coherence tomography visualizes peripapillary deep structures in high myopia. Some cases of high myopia may be affected by direct scleral compression or stretching at the peripapillary region.
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