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Trębacz P, Frymus J, Barteczko A, Pawlik M, Kurkowska A, Czopowicz M. A 3D Printed Anatomically Pre-Contoured Plate for the Treatment of Y-T Humeral Condylar Fractures: A Feline Cadaveric Study. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:537. [PMID: 38396505 PMCID: PMC10885935 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Anatomically pre-contoured plates usually require only minimal or even no intraoperative contouring. For complex cases, such plates also assist the surgeon as an anatomical template during fracture reduction. In this study, we present our experience of using a 3D printing technology for the treatment of bicondylar humeral fractures in feline cadavers. (2) Methods: Surgeries were performed on 15 pairs of front limbs amputated at the scapula. The limbs were obtained from 15 adult cats without obvious pathology of the skeleton. After flexion of the elbow and subperiosteal elevation of the anconeus muscle, the humeral Y-T fractures were created using a bone chisel and mallet. A custom-made anatomically pre-contoured interlocking plate was used to reduce and stabilise the medial aspect of the humeral condyle to the humeral diaphysis. After reduction of the humeral condyle, a positional locking screw was then inserted from the medial to the lateral side and a straight 2.4/2.7 interlocking bone plate was used to stabilise the lateral part of the condyle to the humeral diaphysis. (3) Results: The length of the humerus ranged from 98.2 to 107.0 mm and did not differ significantly between the left and right bone. The diameter of the isthmus of the humeral condyle ranged from 5.2 to 5.5 mm and did not differ significantly between the left and right bone. In all 30 limbs, bicondylar fracture was accompanied by epicondylar comminution. In 7/30 limbs (4 left, 3 right) the fracture of the humeral shaft was also present. In the left limbs, the postoperative articular surface defect of the humeral condyle was small (<1 mm) in 11/15 cases, moderate (1-2 mm) in 2/15 cases and large (>2 mm) in 2/15 cases in which the condylar screw was incorrectly inserted. In the right limbs, the postoperative articular surface defect of the humeral condyle was small (<1 mm) in 14/15 cases and moderate (1-2 mm) in 1 case. (4) Conclusions: 3D printing and the technology of metal powder sintering offers a wide range of possibilities for the development of new surgical implants. The anatomically pre-contoured bone plate appears to be a valuable tool in the reduction and stabilisation of Y-T humeral fractures in adult domestic cats weighing 3.0 to 4.5 kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Trębacz
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Small Animals, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Frymus
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Small Animals, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Barteczko
- CABIOMEDE Ltd., Karola Olszewskiego 21 Street, 25-663 Kielce, Poland; (A.B.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Mateusz Pawlik
- CABIOMEDE Ltd., Karola Olszewskiego 21 Street, 25-663 Kielce, Poland; (A.B.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kurkowska
- CABIOMEDE Ltd., Karola Olszewskiego 21 Street, 25-663 Kielce, Poland; (A.B.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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Poldrack RA, Markiewicz CJ, Appelhoff S, Ashar YK, Auer T, Baillet S, Bansal S, Beltrachini L, Benar CG, Bertazzoli G, Bhogawar S, Blair RW, Bortoletto M, Boudreau M, Brooks TL, Calhoun VD, Castelli FM, Clement P, Cohen AL, Cohen-Adad J, D'Ambrosio S, de Hollander G, de la Iglesia-Vayá M, de la Vega A, Delorme A, Devinsky O, Draschkow D, Duff EP, DuPre E, Earl E, Esteban O, Feingold FW, Flandin G, Galassi A, Gallitto G, Ganz M, Gau R, Gholam J, Ghosh SS, Giacomel A, Gillman AG, Gleeson P, Gramfort A, Guay S, Guidali G, Halchenko YO, Handwerker DA, Hardcastle N, Herholz P, Hermes D, Honey CJ, Innis RB, Ioanas HI, Jahn A, Karakuzu A, Keator DB, Kiar G, Kincses B, Laird AR, Lau JC, Lazari A, Legarreta JH, Li A, Li X, Love BC, Lu H, Marcantoni E, Maumet C, Mazzamuto G, Meisler SL, Mikkelsen M, Mutsaerts H, Nichols TE, Nikolaidis A, Nilsonne G, Niso G, Norgaard M, Okell TW, Oostenveld R, Ort E, Park PJ, Pawlik M, Pernet CR, Pestilli F, Petr J, Phillips C, Poline JB, Pollonini L, Raamana PR, Ritter P, Rizzo G, Robbins KA, Rockhill AP, Rogers C, Rokem A, Rorden C, Routier A, Saborit-Torres JM, Salo T, Schirner M, Smith RE, Spisak T, Sprenger J, Swann NC, Szinte M, Takerkart S, Thirion B, Thomas AG, Torabian S, Varoquaux G, Voytek B, Welzel J, Wilson M, Yarkoni T, Gorgolewski KJ. The Past, Present, and Future of the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS). ArXiv 2024:arXiv:2309.05768v2. [PMID: 37744469 PMCID: PMC10516110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) is a community-driven standard for the organization of data and metadata from a growing range of neuroscience modalities. This paper is meant as a history of how the standard has developed and grown over time. We outline the principles behind the project, the mechanisms by which it has been extended, and some of the challenges being addressed as it evolves. We also discuss the lessons learned through the project, with the aim of enabling researchers in other domains to learn from the success of BIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoni K Ashar
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tibor Auer
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Artificial Intelligence and Informatics group, Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Shashank Bansal
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leandro Beltrachini
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Christian G Benar
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - Giacomo Bertazzoli
- Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ross W Blair
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marta Bortoletto
- Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Teon L Brooks
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Filippo Maria Castelli
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Bioretics srl, Cesena, Italy
| | - Patricia Clement
- Department of Medical Imaging, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander L Cohen
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sasha D'Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, UK
| | - Gilles de Hollander
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Arnaud Delorme
- SCCN, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dejan Draschkow
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eugene Paul Duff
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth DuPre
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric Earl
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oscar Esteban
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Guillaume Flandin
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, England, UK
| | - Anthony Galassi
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giuseppe Gallitto
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Melanie Ganz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rémi Gau
- Origamin Lab, The Neuro, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James Gholam
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | | | - Alessio Giacomel
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Ashley G Gillman
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Padraig Gleeson
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, England, UK
| | | | - Samuel Guay
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Giacomo Guidali
- Department of Psychology & NeuroMI - Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Yaroslav O Halchenko
- Center for Open Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, NH, USA
| | - Daniel A Handwerker
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nell Hardcastle
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peer Herholz
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dora Hermes
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christopher J Honey
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert B Innis
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Horea-Ioan Ioanas
- Center for Open Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, NH, USA
| | - Andrew Jahn
- Functional MRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Agah Karakuzu
- NeuroPoly Lab, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David B Keator
- Change Your Brain Change Your Life Foundation, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
- Amen Clinics, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gregory Kiar
- Center for Data Analytics, Innovation, and Rigor, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Balint Kincses
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan C Lau
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Lazari
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jon Haitz Legarreta
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Mass General Brigham/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Li
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Brain Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Hanzhang Lu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eleonora Marcantoni
- School for Psychology and Neuroscience and Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Camille Maumet
- Inria, Univ Rennes, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA UMR 6074, Empenn ERL U 1228, Rennes, France
| | - Giacomo Mazzamuto
- National Research Council - National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO), Florence, Italy
| | - Steven L Meisler
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henk Mutsaerts
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aki Nikolaidis
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gustav Nilsonne
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish National Data Service, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Norgaard
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas W Okell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Oostenveld
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- NatMEG, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduard Ort
- Heinrich Heine University, Department of Biological Psychology of Decision Making, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Mateusz Pawlik
- Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cyril R Pernet
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Petr
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Poline
- Neuro Data Science ORIGAMI Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Luca Pollonini
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Petra Ritter
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Bernstein Focus State Dependencies of Learning and Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Einstein Center Digital Future, Wilhelmstraße 67, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Gaia Rizzo
- Invicro, London, UK
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kay A Robbins
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alexander P Rockhill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christine Rogers
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (MCIN), Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ariel Rokem
- University of Washington, Department of Psychology and eScience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris Rorden
- University of South Carolina, Department of Psychology, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Taylor Salo
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Schirner
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Bernstein Focus State Dependencies of Learning and Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Einstein Center Digital Future, Wilhelmstraße 67, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Robert E Smith
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Heath, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamas Spisak
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Sprenger
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), UMR7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | - Nicole C Swann
- University of Oregon, Department of Human Physiology, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Martin Szinte
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), UMR7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | - Sylvain Takerkart
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), UMR7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | | | - Adam G Thomas
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Bradley Voytek
- Department of Cognitive Science, Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, and Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Martin Wilson
- University of Birmingham, Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, Birmingham, UK
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Trębacz P, Frymus J, Pawlik M, Barteczko A, Kurkowska A, Czopowicz M, Antonowicz M, Kajzer W. Comparison of the Visibility of Canine Menisci before and after Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy: 3D-Printed Model Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:65. [PMID: 38200797 PMCID: PMC10778292 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the degree of visibility of the lateral and medial menisci before and after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) on 3D-printed models created after laser scanning of the right tibia with menisci derived from a fresh cadaver of a 4-year-old adult male golden retriever. The models were produced of white polylactic acid, and the menisci were filled with light-curing red resin. The models showed a similar conformation as the natural specimen harvested from the cadaver, maintaining the same length and width, in addition to reproducing the anatomical structures. From the pre- and post-TPLO radiographs, it was possible to identify the anatomical structures corresponding to the tibial plateau. The preoperative tibial plateau angle was 26.2°, and the postoperative one ranged between 4.0° and 5.3° (4.6 ± 0.4°). In the bird's-eye photo, the total number of red pixels in the lateral and the medial meniscus was 2,053,995 and 2,140,939, respectively. Before TPLO, only between 14% and 19% of the entire area of the menisci was visible, and the unhidden part of the entire area of the meniscus before TPLO did not differ significantly between the lateral (16.2 ± 1.6%) and the medial (16.4 ± 1.6%) meniscus (p = 0.351). The visible part of the entire meniscus area increased significantly after TPLO both in the lateral and medial menisci (p < 0.001)-mean difference ± SD of 30.3 ± 4.3% (CI 95%: 27.9%, 32.6%) and 36.4 ± 6.4% (CI 95%: 32.9%, 40.0%), respectively. In conclusion, the intraoperative examination and treatment of dog menisci are easier after TPLO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Trębacz
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Small Animals, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Frymus
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Small Animals, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Pawlik
- CABIOMEDE Ltd., Karola Olszewskiego 21, 25-663 Kielce, Poland; (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Barteczko
- CABIOMEDE Ltd., Karola Olszewskiego 21, 25-663 Kielce, Poland; (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kurkowska
- CABIOMEDE Ltd., Karola Olszewskiego 21, 25-663 Kielce, Poland; (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Antonowicz
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (M.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Wojciech Kajzer
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (M.A.); (W.K.)
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Trębacz P, Frymus J, Pawlik M, Czopowicz M, Barteczko A, Kurkowska A, Zdeb K, Galanty M. Comparison of the Ventral Approach to the Canine Hip Joint Using Gelpi Retractors and an Elastic O-Ring Wound Retractor. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3582. [PMID: 38003199 PMCID: PMC10668639 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study included 10 fresh adult cadavers of large breed dogs (6 males and 4 females). Their weight ranged from 25 to 45 kg (mean ± SD: 33.9 ± 6.2 kg). The breeds represented were crossbreed dogs (n = 5), German shepherds (n = 2), Bernese mountain dogs (n = 1), American Staffordshire terriers (n = 1), and Gordon setters (n = 1). Access to the target area and identification of the femoral head and neck was achieved with two Gelpi retractors inserted orthogonally and with the O-WR in all procedures. In each dog, the approach to the hip joint was made on the left and right sides. There was no significant difference in the area of the surgical wound bed between the two sides using either the Gelpi retractors (-0.52 ± 1.87 cm2; CI 95%: -1.86, 0.81 cm2; p = 0.398) or the O-WR (-0.27 ± 2.34 cm2; CI 95%: -1.94, 1.41 cm2; p = 0.729). The area of the surgical wound bed was 6.28 ± 1.72 cm2 (2.72-9.70 cm2) for the Gelpi retractors and 6.34 ± 1.81 cm2 (4.13-10.77 cm2) for the O-WR, and the difference between the Gelpi retractors and the O-WR was not significant (-0.06 ± 1.72 cm2; CI 95%: -0.86, 0.74 cm2; p = 0.879).
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Trębacz
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Small Animals, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Jan Frymus
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Small Animals, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Mateusz Pawlik
- CABIOMEDE Sp. z.o.o., ul. Karola Olszewskiego 21, 25-663 Kielce, Poland; (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Barteczko
- CABIOMEDE Sp. z.o.o., ul. Karola Olszewskiego 21, 25-663 Kielce, Poland; (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kurkowska
- CABIOMEDE Sp. z.o.o., ul. Karola Olszewskiego 21, 25-663 Kielce, Poland; (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Zdeb
- Anicura Legwet Klinika Weterynaryjna Legionowo, Wysockiego 31, 05-120 Legionowo, Poland;
| | - Marek Galanty
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Small Animals, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.F.); (M.G.)
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Magryś A, Pawlik M. Postbiotic Fractions of Probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Show Immune-Modulating Effects. Cells 2023; 12:2538. [PMID: 37947616 PMCID: PMC10648844 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria belonging to Lactobacillus spp. are important producers of bioactive molecules, known as postbiotics, that play essential roles in the immunological support of the intestinal mucosa. In this study, the system of co-culture of intestinal epithelial cells with macrophage cells in vitro was used to study the potential effect of postbiotic fractions of L. rhamonosus and L. plantarum on the modulation of the immune response induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli. This study's results revealed that the presence of probiotic bacterial components on the mucosal surface in the early and late stage of inflammatory conditions is based on cellular interactions that control inflammation and consequent damage to the intestinal epithelium. In our studies, heat killed fractions of probiotic bacteria and their extracted proteins showed a beneficial effect on controlling inflammation, regardless of the strain tested, consequently protecting intestinal barrier damage. In conclusion, the presented results emphasize that the fractions of probiotic bacteria of L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus may play a significant role in the regulation of LPS-mediated cytotoxic activity in intestinal epithelial cells. The fractions of probiotic strains of L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum showed the potential to suppress inflammation, effectively activating the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and modulating the IL-18-related response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Magryś
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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6
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Frymus J, Trębacz P, Kurkowska A, Pawlik M, Barteczko A, Barański M, Galanty M. Three-Dimensional Models of Liver Vessels for Navigation during Laparotomic Attenuation of Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2004. [PMID: 37370514 DOI: 10.3390/ani13122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Laparotomic attenuation of an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (IHPSS) is more difficult than an extrahepatic one, and results in a higher risk of complications because the identification of the aberrant vessel in the liver remains often a challenge. Excessive preparation and traction of the parenchyma results in trauma, bleeding, and prolonged surgery, which is what worsens the prognosis. Therefore, based on computed tomographic angiography, we printed 3-dimensional (3D) individual patient liver models, scaled 1:1, and used them for surgery planning and as a guide during intraoperative identification of the shunt in four dogs with IHPSS. The advantages of the 3D technology are simple and precise planning of the surgery, fast intraoperative identification of the shunt, and low invasive dissection of the liver parenchyma. We conclude that 3D technology can potentially raise the recovery rate. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first application of 3D models in the surgery of canine IHPSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frymus
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Trębacz
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kurkowska
- CABIOMEDE Sp. z o. o., Kielce Technology Park, Olszewskiego 6, 25-663 Kielce, Poland
| | - Mateusz Pawlik
- CABIOMEDE Sp. z o. o., Kielce Technology Park, Olszewskiego 6, 25-663 Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Barteczko
- CABIOMEDE Sp. z o. o., Kielce Technology Park, Olszewskiego 6, 25-663 Kielce, Poland
| | - Michał Barański
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Galanty
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Zhang XF, Liu Y, Li JH, Lei P, Zhang XY, Wan Z, Lei T, Zhang N, Wu XN, Long ZD, Li ZF, Wang B, Liu XM, Wu Z, Chen X, Wang JX, Yuan P, Li Y, Zhou J, Pawlik M, Lyu Y. [Effect of splenectomy on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development among patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension: a multi-institutional cohort study]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021; 59:821-828. [PMID: 34619907 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20210713-00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To identify whether splenectomy for treatment of hypersplenism has any impact on development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) among patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatitis. Methods: Patients who underwent splenectomy for hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension between January 2008 and December 2012 were included from seven hospitals in China, whereas patients receiving medication treatments for liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (non-splenectomy) at the same time period among the seven hospitals were included as control groups. In the splenectomy group, all the patients received open or laparoscopic splenectomy with or without pericardial devascularization. In contrast, patients in the control group were treated conservatively for liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension with medicines (non-splenectomy) with no invasive treatments, such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, splenectomy or liver transplantation before HCC development. All the patients were routinely screened for HCC development with abdominal ultrasound, liver function and alpha-fetoprotein every 3 to 6 months. To minimize the selection bias, propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match the baseline data of patients among splenectomy versus non-splenectomy groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival and cumulative incidence of HCC development, and the Log-rank test was used to compare the survival or disease rates between the two groups. Univariate and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the potential risk factors associated with development of HCC. Results: A total of 871 patients with liver cirrhosis and hypertension were included synchronously from 7 tertiary hospitals. Among them, 407 patients had a history of splenectomy for hypersplenism (splenectomy group), whereas 464 patients who received medical treatment but not splenectomy (non-splenectomy group). After PSM,233 pairs of patients were matched in adjusted cohorts. The cumulative incidence of HCC diagnosis at 1,3,5 and 7 years were 1%,6%,7% and 15% in the splenectomy group, which was significantly lower than 1%,6%,15% and 23% in the non-splenectomy group (HR=0.53,95%CI:0.31 to 0.91,P=0.028). On multivariable analysis, splenectomy was independently associated with decreased risk of HCC development (HR=0.55,95%CI:0.32 to 0.95,P=0.031). The cumulative survival rates of all the patients at 1,3,5,and 7 years were 100%,97%,91%,86% in the splenectomy group,which was similar with that of 100%,97%,92%,84% in the non-splenectomy group (P=0.899). In total,49 patients (12.0%) among splenectomy group and 75 patients (16.2%) in non-splenectomy group developed HCC during the study period, respectively. Compared to patients in non-splenectomy group, patients who developed HCC after splenectomy were unlikely to receive curative resection for HCC (12.2% vs. 33.3%,χ²=7.029, P=0.008). Conclusion: Splenectomy for treatment of hypersplenism may decrease the risk of HCC development among patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University;Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University;National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine,Xi'an 710061,China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of General Surgery,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710004,China
| | - J H Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology,Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital;Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University;National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine,Xi'an 710068,China
| | - P Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan 750003,China
| | - X Y Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,Binzhou Medical University Hospital,Binzhou 256603,Shandong Province,China
| | - Z Wan
- Department of General Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,Nanchang 330006,China
| | - T Lei
- Department of Hepabobiliary Surgery,the Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang 710077,Shanxi Province,China
| | - N Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University;Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University;National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine,Xi'an 710061,China
| | - X N Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University;Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University;National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine,Xi'an 710061,China
| | - Z D Long
- Department of General Surgery,Jingzhou Hospital of Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology;Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University;National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine,Jingzhou 434022,Hubei Province,China
| | - Z F Li
- Department of General Surgery,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710004,China
| | - B Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University;Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University;National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine,Xi'an 710061,China
| | - X M Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University;Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University;National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine,Xi'an 710061,China
| | - Z Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University;Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University;National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine,Xi'an 710061,China
| | - X Chen
- Department of General Surgery,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710004,China
| | - J X Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology,Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital;Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University;National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine,Xi'an 710068,China
| | - P Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan 750003,China
| | - Y Li
- Department of General Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,Nanchang 330006,China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Hepabobiliary Surgery,the Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang 710077,Shanxi Province,China
| | - M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery,the Ohio State University,Columbus 15213,Ohio,USA
| | - Y Lyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University;Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University;National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine,Xi'an 710061,China
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Tesfaye B, Augsten N, Pawlik M, Böhlen MH, Jensen CS. Speeding Up Reachability Queries in Public Transport Networks Using Graph Partitioning. Inf Syst Front 2021; 24:11-29. [PMID: 35310777 PMCID: PMC8924103 DOI: 10.1007/s10796-021-10164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Computing path queries such as the shortest path in public transport networks is challenging because the path costs between nodes change over time. A reachability query from a node at a given start time on such a network retrieves all points of interest (POIs) that are reachable within a given cost budget. Reachability queries are essential building blocks in many applications, for example, group recommendations, ranking spatial queries, or geomarketing. We propose an efficient solution for reachability queries in public transport networks. Currently, there are two options to solve reachability queries. (1) Execute a modified version of Dijkstra's algorithm that supports time-dependent edge traversal costs; this solution is slow since it must expand edge by edge and does not use an index. (2) Issue a separate path query for each single POI, i.e., a single reachability query requires answering many path queries. None of these solutions scales to large networks with many POIs. We propose a novel and lightweight reachability index. The key idea is to partition the network into cells. Then, in contrast to other approaches, we expand the network cell by cell. Empirical evaluations on synthetic and real-world networks confirm the efficiency and the effectiveness of our index-based reachability query solution.
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Schneider F, Schulz CM, May M, Schneider G, Jacob M, Mutlak H, Pawlik M, Zoller M, Kretzschmar M, Koch C, Kees MG, Burger M, Lebentrau S, Novotny A, Hübler M, Koch T, Heim M. [Is the discipline associated with self-confidence in handling rational antibiotic prescription? : Results from the MR2 study in German hospitals]. Anaesthesist 2020; 69:162-169. [PMID: 32055886 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-020-00736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides public awareness and specialist knowledge and training of physicians, their self-confidence plays a key role for clinical decision-making in the respective area. OBJECTIVE This exploratory study investigated the influence of the discipline on differences in self-confidence in dealing with antibiotics and in the self-rated knowledge. METHODS In 2015 the multi-institutional reconnaissance of practice with multiresistant bacteria (MR2) questionnaire containing items on antibiotic prescription and multiresistant pathogens was sent out to 1061 physicians working in departments for internal medicine, general surgery, gynecology and obstetrics and urology. In 2017 a similar MR2 survey was sent to 1268 specialist and assistant physicians in anesthesiology in Germany. Besides demographic data 4 items on self-confidence in the use of antibiotic treatment and 11 items concerning self-rated knowledge about rational antibiotic therapy and multiresistant pathogens were included in the present analysis. Logistic regression analysis, the χ2-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis of the influence of the discipline on these items. RESULTS The response rates were 43% (456 out of 1061) from the non-anesthetists and 56% (705 out of 1268) from the anesthetists. Of the non-anesthetists 44% and 57% of the anesthetists had had no advanced training on antibiotic stewardship during the year before the study. In the overall analysis anesthetists (mean±SD: 2.53±0.54) were significantly less self-confident about antibiotics than colleagues from other departments (internal medicine: 3.10±0.50, general surgery: 2.97±0.44, gynecology and obstetrics: 3.12±0.42 and urology: 3.15±0.44) in the unadjusted (all p<0.001) and adjusted comparison. The analysis of self-rated knowledge about rational antibiotic prescription showed similar results. Senior consultant status and advanced training in infectiology were significantly associated with self-confidence and self-rated knowledge about antibiotics. CONCLUSION Anesthetists showed significantly less self-confidence in dealing with antibiotics than colleagues from other disciplines. Advanced training on a rational prescription of antibiotics was associated with a greater self-confidence, so that the implementation of compulsory courses on rational antibiotic stewardship in the respective residency curriculum needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schneider
- Fakultät für Medizin, Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland. .,Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.
| | - C M Schulz
- Fakultät für Medizin, Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - M May
- Urologische Klinik, St. Elisabeth-Klinikum Straubing, Straubing, Deutschland
| | - G Schneider
- Fakultät für Medizin, Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - M Jacob
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Operative Intensivmedizin und Schmerzmedizin, Klinikum St. Elisabeth Straubing, Straubing, Deutschland
| | - H Mutlak
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - M Pawlik
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Krankenhaus St. Josef Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - M Zoller
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie der Universität München, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - M Kretzschmar
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A.ö.R., Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - C Koch
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, operative Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - M G Kees
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - M Burger
- Urologische Klinik, Caritas St. Josef Krankenhaus, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - S Lebentrau
- Urologische Klinik, Ruppiner Kliniken GmbH, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Deutschland
| | - A Novotny
- Fakultät für Medizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - M Hübler
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - T Koch
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - M Heim
- Fakultät für Medizin, Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
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10
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Tesfaye B, Augsten N, Pawlik M, Böhlen MH, Jensen CS. An Efficient Index for Reachability Queries in Public Transport Networks. Advances in Databases and Information Systems 2020. [PMCID: PMC7703798 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54832-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Computing path queries such as the shortest path in public transport networks is challenging because the path costs between nodes change over time. A reachability query from a node at a given start time on such a network retrieves all points of interest (POIs) that are reachable within a given cost budget. Reachability queries are essential building blocks in many applications, for example, group recommendations, ranking spatial queries, or geomarketing. We propose an efficient solution for reachability queries in public transport networks. Currently, there are two options to solve reachability queries. (1) Execute a modified version of Dijkstra’s algorithm that supports time-dependent edge traversal costs; this solution is slow since it must expand edge by edge and does not use an index. (2) Issue a separate path query for each single POI, i.e., a single reachability query requires answering many path queries. None of these solutions scales to large networks with many POIs. We propose a novel and lightweight reachability index. The key idea is to partition the network into cells. Then, in contrast to other approaches, we expand the network cell by cell. Empirical evaluations on synthetic and real-world networks confirm the efficiency and the effectiveness of our index-based reachability query solution.
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Abstract
Although many works in the database community use open data in their experimental evaluation, repeating the empirical results of previous works remains a challenge. This holds true even if the source code or binaries of the tested algorithms are available. In this paper, we argue that providing access to the raw, original datasets is not enough. Real-world datasets are rarely processed without modification. Instead, the data is adapted to the needs of the experimental evaluation in the data preparation process. We showcase that the details of the data preparation process matter and subtle differences during data conversion can have a large impact on the outcome of runtime results. We introduce a data reproducibility model, identify three levels of data reproducibility, report about our own experience, and exemplify our best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Pawlik
- 1Database Research Group, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Hütter
- 1Database Research Group, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Kocher
- 1Database Research Group, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Nikolaus Augsten
- 1Database Research Group, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Paździor-Czapula K, Otrocka-Domagała I, Gesek M, Mikiewicz M, Pawlik M. Expression of Ki67 in canine cutaneous histiocytoma. J Comp Pathol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Anker A, Prantl L, Strauss C, Brébant V, Heine N, Lamby P, Geis S, Schenkhoff F, Pawlik M, Klein S. Vasopressor support vs. liberal fluid administration in deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) free flap breast reconstruction – a randomized controlled trial. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 69:37-44. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-189129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Anker
- Center for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - L. Prantl
- Center for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C. Strauss
- Center for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - V. Brébant
- Center for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - N. Heine
- Center for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P. Lamby
- Center for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S. Geis
- Center for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F. Schenkhoff
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Caritas Hospital St. Josef, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M. Pawlik
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Caritas Hospital St. Josef, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S.M. Klein
- Center for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Gerling J, Boettcher M, Mietzsch S, Pawlik M, Klaassen I, Hempel M, Reinshagen K, Singer D. Angeborene Thoraxfehlbildung – Sternumaplasie (Sternal Cleft). Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-119271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Gerling
- Sektion Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin
| | | | | | - M. Pawlik
- Sektion Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin
| | - I. Klaassen
- Sektion Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin
| | - M. Hempel
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | | | - D. Singer
- Sektion Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin
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15
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Zebardast H, Pawlik M, Rogak S, Asselin E. Potentiometric titration of hematite and magnetite at elevated temperatures using a ZrO2-based pH probe. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Moskal P, Bednarski T, Białas P, Czerwiński E, Kapłon Ł, Kochanowski A, Korcyl G, Kowal J, Kozik T, Krzemień W, Molenda M, Niedźwiecki S, Pałka M, Pawlik M, Raczyński L, Rudy Z, Salabura P, Sharma N, Silarski M, Słomski A, Smyrski J, Strzelecki A, Wiślicki W, Zieliński M, Zoń N. 141: A novel TOF-PET detector based on organic scintillators. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)34162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Pawlik M, Vilcot J, Halbwax M, Aureau D, Etcheberry A, Slaoui A, Schutz-Kuchly T, Cabal R. Electrical and Chemical Studies on Al2O3 Passivation Activation Process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Schleder S, Pawlik M, Wiggermann P, Ott C, Fichtner-Feigl S, Müller-Wille R, Stroszczynski C, Schreyer AG. Interobserver agreement in mr enterography for diagnostic assessment in patients with Crohn's disease. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013; 185:992-997. [PMID: 24490235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the extent to which MRE can be used as an observer-independent, objective imaging method for the diagnosis and evaluation of CD with respect to the detection of inflammatory changes of the small bowel and lymphadenopathy as diagnostic criterion and bowel distension as a quality criterion. MATERIALS AND METHODS MRE scans of 84 patients (42 female, median age 37 years) were evaluated independently by 4 experienced radiologists. Analysis of inflammatory changes of the bowel wall, lymphadenopathy and adequate bowel distension was conducted separately for the jejunum, ileum and terminal ileum. The Kendall's W-test was used for the statistical comparison of concordance. RESULTS In a total of 55 patients, inflammatory activity of the bowel wall was detected and MRE was found to have a high interobserver reproducibility concerning inflammatory changes of the intestinal wall (Kendall's W 0.527 – 0.823). Concerning lymphadenopathy (31 cases, 36.9 %), a low to moderate consensus could be shown with a Kendall's W value of 0.402 – 0.505. For the assessment of adequate bowel distension, a moderate concordance between the operators could be found (Kendall's W 0.497 – 0.581). CONCLUSION MRE has proven high interobserver agreement with respect to the diagnosis of inflammatory disease activity of the bowel as a diagnostic criterion in patients with CD. Concerning adequate bowel distension as a quality criterion of the examination itself and lymphadenopathy as a diagnostic criterion, moderate interobserver agreement could be found. This is thought to have a rather small effect on the diagnostic significance and conclusiveness of the method in the daily routine.
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Schleder S, Pawlik M, Wiggermann P, Ott C, Fichtner-Feigl S, Müller-Wille R, Stroszczynski C, Schreyer A. Interobserver Agreement in MR Enterography for Diagnostic Assessment in Patients with Crohn's Disease. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013; 184:992-7. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1335445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Schleder
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - M. Pawlik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Caritas Hospital St. Josef, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P. Wiggermann
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - C. Ott
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - R. Müller-Wille
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - C. Stroszczynski
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - A. Schreyer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
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Schleder S, Dendl LM, Pawlik M, Friedrich C, Ott C, Agha A, Wiggermann P, Stroszczynski C, Schreyer AG. [MR enterography sequence evaluation for patients with Crohn's disease]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013; 185:440-5. [PMID: 23440646 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1330516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate a routine MR enterography (MRE) protocol for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) in order to assess and rank the subjectively most important sequences regarding diagnostic decisions. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively examined 84 patients (42 male) with known CD using a coronal T2 / T1-weighted balanced SSFP (TrueFISP), axial T2-weighted single shot TSE (HASTE) as well as an axial T1-weighted gradient-echo sequence (2D-FLASH) before intravenous contrast application and a 2D-FLASH sequence with axial and coronal orientation after intravenous contrast application. 4 experienced radiologists subjectively evaluated the sequences independently using a scale between 1 and 5 (1 = excellent; 5 = non-diagnostic) regarding their diagnostic significance for a final radiologic decision. The ranking of the different sequences was statistically tested by the Friedman analysis. RESULTS The following ranking was found: HASTE sequences were ranked prior to contrast-enhanced axial gradient-echo (2D-FLASH). The third to fifth ranking was TrueFISP, the axial contrast-enhanced 2D-FLASH and the 2D-FLASH without contrast, respectively. Differences between the first and second rank were significant (p < 0.05), and all other differences were highly significant (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The stable and fast T2-weighted MR sequences without intravenous contrast represented by axial HASTE and coronal TrueFISP were ranked as number 1 and 3. The examination protocol should be completed by a coronal T1-weighted gradient-echo-sequence after contrast injection, which can be supplemented by an axial acquisition. The T1-weighted gradient-echo sequence without contrast could be omitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schleder
- Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Diessner J, Stüber T, Niederle B, Pawlik M, Dietl J, Honig A. XY gonadal dysgenesis--development of a germ cell tumor: case report. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2013; 34:572-574. [PMID: 24601055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gonadal dysgenesis (GD) is a rare congenital malformation that affects about one in 3,000 births. The authors present a case of a 17-year-old woman with primary amenorrhea and poor breast development. They conducted a laparoscopic surgery and bilaterally removed hypoplastic streak gonads. Histopathology of the ovaries revealed bilateral streak gonads with gonadoblastomas and a right-sided dysgerminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Diessner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitäts-Frauenklinik Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - T Stüber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitäts-Frauenklinik Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - B Niederle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitäts-Frauenklinik Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Pawlik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitäts-Frauenklinik Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Dietl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitäts-Frauenklinik Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Honig
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitäts-Frauenklinik Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Degenhardt J, Schürg R, Kawecki A, Pawlik M, Enzensberger C, Stressig R, Tchatcheva K, Axt-Fliedner R, Kohl T. Mütterliches Outcome nach minimal-invasivem fetoskopischen Verschluss einer Spina bifida. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1309108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Pawlik M, Pajdo R, Kwiecien S, Ptak-Belowska A, Sliwowski Z, Mazurkiewicz-Janik M, Konturek SJ, Pawlik WW, Brzozowski T. Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing aspirin exhibits a potent esophagoprotection in experimental model of acute reflux esophagitis. Role of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines. J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 62:75-86. [PMID: 21451212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop an acute animal model of reflux esophagitis, which would be suitable to induce the esophageal damage caused by gastric acid reflux, thus mimicking the esophageal injury of human gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Global research indicates that GERD is rapidly increasing among the world's population. NSAIDs are known to induce gastrointestinal damage and low doses of aspirin (ASA) have been shown to increase the incidences of GERD in humans. Gastric acid and pepsin secretion and enhanced COX-2 expression were implicated in the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis, but the effect of selective COX-2 inhibitors against lesions induced by the reflux of gastric acid content into esophagus has not been thoroughly studied. Here, we compared the effect of aspirin (ASA) and so called "safe" nitric oxide (NO) derivative of ASA with those of non-selective and selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in rat model of reflux esophagitis. Reflux esophagitis was induced in anesthetized rats by ligating the pylorus and limiting ridge transitional region between the forestomach and the corpus of stomach. Subsequently, the total gastric reservoir to store gastric juice was greatly diminished, resulting in the reflux of this juice into the esophagus. Rats with esophagitis received intragastric (i.g.) pretreatment either with: 1) vehicle (saline), 2) ASA or NO-ASA (100 mg/kg); 3) the non-selective COX inhibitor, indomethacin (5 mg/kg); 4) the selective COX-1 inhibitor, SC-560 (10 mg/kg), and 5) the selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib (5 mg/kg). In a separate series of rats with reflux oesophagitis, the efficacy of ASA combined with a donor of NO, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; 10 mg/kg i.g.) to prevent esophageal mucosal injury was investigated. Four hours after induction of esophagitis the gross mucosal damage was graded with a macroscopic lesion index (LI) from 0-6. The esophageal blood flow (EBF) was determined by H₂-gas clearance technique, the oesophageal mucosal and blood samples were collected for histology and analysis of the RT-PCR expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 using specific ELISA. The exposure of the esophagus to reflux of gastric acid time-dependently increased the esophageal LI and morphologic damage, and decreased EBF with the most significant changes observed at 4 hrs after the ligation procedure. The pretreatment with native ASA in the dose that suppressed the generation of mucosal PGE₂, enhanced gross and histologic esophageal damage and produced a significant fall in EBF. NO-ASA or ASA coupled with GTN counteracted the aggravation of the damage and accompanying fall in EBF when compared with native ASA applied alone to rats with esophagitis. The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α were overexpressed in rats with esophagitis and those pretreated with ASA but this effect was significantly attenuated by NO-ASA. Plasma IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were negligible in the intact rats but significantly increased in those with esophagitis, with this effect being further enhanced by non-selective (indomethacin) and selective (SC-560, celecoxib) COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors. We conclude that conventional NSAID such as aspirin augments esophagitis, while NO-ASA exerts the beneficial protective effect against reflux esophagitis via the enhancement of esophageal microcirculation due to NO release and an inhibitory effect on expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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26
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Brzozowska I, Ptak-Belowska A, Pawlik M, Pajdo R, Drozdowicz D, Konturek SJ, Pawlik WW, Brzozowski T. Mucosal strengthening activity of central and peripheral melatonin in the mechanism of gastric defense. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 60 Suppl 7:47-56. [PMID: 20388945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the involvement of centrally and peripherally applied melatonin, a major hormone of pineal gland, in the mechanism of gastric mucosal integrity, gastroprotection and ulcer healing. Melatonin was originally shown to attenuate gastric mucosal lesions but the controversy exists in the literature as to whether melatonin derived from the pineal gland, considered as the major source of this indole or rather that locally generated from L-tryptophan within gastric mucosa, plays predominant role in the mechanism of gastrointestinal integrity. Both, intragastric (i.g.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of melatonin and its precursor, L-tryptophan to rats without or with removed pineal gland by pinealectomy attenuates in the dose-dependent manner the formation of on gastric lesions induced by topical irritants and water immersion restraint stress (WRS). Melatonin accelerated the gastric ulcer healing and this was accompanied by the rise in gastric blood flow (GBF), the plasma melatonin and gastrin levels, the mucosal generation of PGE(2) and luminal NO content. Pinealectomy, which suppresses the plasma melatonin levels, markedly aggravated the gastric lesions induced by WRS. Concurrent supplementation of pinealectomized animals with melatonin or L-tryptophan, the melatonin precursor, attenuated the lesions induced by WRS. Treatment with luzindole, an antagonist of Mel(2) receptors, or with L-NNA, the NO-synthase inhibitor, significantly attenuated melatonin- and L-tryptophan-induced protection and the acceleration of ulcer healing and the accompanying increase in the GBF and luminal content of NO. We conclude that 1) exogenous melatonin and that released from the L-tryptophan attenuate lesions induced by topical irritant such as ethanol and WRS via interaction with MT(2) receptors and due to an enhancement of gastric microcirculation, probably mediated by NO and PG derived from cNOS, iNOS and COX-2 overexpression and activity, and 2) the pineal gland plays an important role in the limitation of WRS-induced gastric lesions and acceleration of ulcer healing via releasing melatonin predominately at night time, that exerts gastroprotective and ulcer healing actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Brzozowska
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
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Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Pajdo R, Ptak-Belowska A, Kwiecien S, Pawlik M, Drozdowicz D, Sliwowski Z, Brzozowski B, Konturek SJ, Pawlik WW. Physiological mediators in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-induced impairment of gastric mucosal defense and adaptation. Focus on nitric oxide and lipoxins. J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 59 Suppl 2:89-102. [PMID: 18812631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins mediate various physiological aspects of mucosal defense and the suppression of prostaglandin synthesis in the stomach is a critical event in terms of the development of mucosal injury after NSAID administration. However, it has become clear that other mediators besides prostaglandins can similarly act to protect the stomach from injury. For instance, nitric oxide (NO) released from vascular epithelium, epithelial cells of gastrointestinal tract and sensory nerves can influence many of the same components of mucosal defense as do prostaglandins. Thus, administration of NO in a form of NO-donors exert protective influence on the stomach from the injury that usually occurs when mucosal prostaglandin levels are suppressed. The new class of NO releasing NSAIDs, including NO-aspirin, represent a very promising approach to reducing the toxicity of anti-inflammatory drugs. Lipoxins are another group of lipid mediators that can protect the stomach. Aspirin-triggered lipoxin synthesis, via COX-2, acts to reduce the severity of damage induced by this drug. Lipoxin analogues may prove to be useful for preventing mucosal injury and for modulating mucosal inflammation. Aspirin-triggered lipoxin also seems to play in important role in gastric adaptation during chronic aspirin administration. Suppression of COX-2 activity by selective COX-2 inhibitors abolishes the production of this endogenous gastroprotective substance and diminishes the gastric tolerability of NSAIDS and gastric adaptation to these drugs. This review was designed to give an updated overview on the physiological factors and experimental and clinical attempts that were used or may be used in the future as the therapeutic approach to counteract adverse effects in the stomach associated with NSAID ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Brzozowski T, Zwirska-Korczala K, Konturek PC, Konturek SJ, Sliwowski Z, Pawlik M, Kwiecien S, Drozdowicz D, Mazurkiewicz-Janik M, Bielanski W, Pawlik WW. Role of circadian rhythm and endogenous melatonin in pathogenesis of acute gastric bleeding erosions induced by stress. J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 58 Suppl 6:53-64. [PMID: 18212400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Stress that appears as a consequence of burns, surgical trauma and life threatening conditions is a serious clinical entity, can result in acute gastric mucosal lesions. Such stress lesions can develop in response to the imbalance between the aggressive factors promoting mucosal damage and the gastric mucosal defense mechanisms including predominantly gastric blood flow (GBF), biosynthesis of gastroprotective prostaglandins (PG) and enhanced mucus/bicarbonate secretion. Melatonin, a major hormone of pineal gland, whose activity is also abundant in the gastrointestinal tract, was shown to inhibit gastric acid secretion, augment GBF and scavenge free radicals, resulting in the attenuation of stress-induced gastric lesions. Melatonin is released during the night but little is known about the effect of circadian rhythm and day/night alterations in melatonin secretion on the formation of stress-induced gastric lesions. Using rats with intact pineal glands and those with removed pineal glands (pinealectomy) exposed to water immersion and restraint stress (WRS) at both, day and night hours, we studied the effect of light and nocturnal melatonin on the formation of these lesions, and accompanying changes in GBF and plasma melatonin levels. It was found that the gastric mucosa exposed to WRS of various time duration's lasting 1.5, 3 and 6 h, time-dependently increased the number of gastric lesions and this effect was accompanied by the time-dependent fall in the GBF and an increase in the plasma and luminal melatonin levels. Pinealectomy augmented WRS-induced lesions at each time intervals of WRS and produced a marked fall in the GBF and plasma and luminal melatonin levels at each time interval of WRS tested. WRS lesions were significantly reduced at night hours and showed circadian variations in plasma levels melatonin with significantly higher plasma melatonin levels at night than in the day and with a greater magnitude of damage induced in the daily hours than at night hours. WRS-induced gastric mucosal lesions were markedly enhanced in pinealectomized rats, both at day and night, and this was accompanied by a significant fall in plasma melatonin levels Stress that appears as a consequence of burns, surgical trauma and life threatening conditions is a serious clinical entity, can result in acute gastric mucosal lesions. Such stress lesions can develop in response to the imbalance between the aggressive factors promoting mucosal damage and the gastric mucosal defense mechanisms including predominantly gastric blood flow (GBF), biosynthesis of gastroprotective prostaglandins (PG) and enhanced mucus/bicarbonate secretion. Melatonin, a major hormone of pineal gland, whose activity is also abundant in the gastrointestinal tract, was shown to inhibit gastric acid secretion, augment GBF and scavenge free radicals, resulting in the attenuation of stress-induced gastric lesions. Melatonin is released during the night but little is known about the effect of circadian rhythm and day/night alterations in melatonin secretion on the formation of stress-induced gastric lesions. Using rats with intact pineal glands and those with removed pineal glands (pinealectomy) exposed to water immersion and restraint stress (WRS) at both, day and night hours, we studied the effect of light and nocturnal melatonin on the formation of these lesions, and accompanying changes in GBF and plasma melatonin levels. It was found that the gastric mucosa exposed to WRS of various time duration's lasting 1.5, 3 and 6 h, time-dependently increased the number of gastric lesions and this effect was accompanied by the time-dependent fall in the GBF and an increase in the plasma and luminal melatonin levels. Pinealectomy augmented WRS-induced lesions at each time intervals of WRS and produced a marked fall in the GBF and plasma and luminal melatonin levels at each time interval of WRS tested. WRS lesions were significantly reduced at night hours and showed circadian variations in plasma levels melatonin with significantly higher plasma melatonin levels at night than in the day and with a greater magnitude of damage induced in the daily hours than at night hours. WRS-induced gastric mucosal lesions were markedly enhanced in pinealectomized rats, both at day and night, and this was accompanied by a significant fall in plasma melatonin levels with a pronounced reduction in mucosal generation of PGE(2) and GBF and by a small increase in plasma melatonin levels during the dark phase. We conclude that 1) stress-induced gastric bleeding erosions exhibit circadian rhythm with an increase in the day and attenuation at night and that these fluctuations in the formation of stress-induced gastric damage may depend upon the melatonin synthesis 2) the progressive increase in plasma melatonin in pinealectomized animals exposed to various time intervals of WRS suggests that extra-pineal melatonin possibly that derived from gastrointestinal tract, play an important role in the gastric mucosal defense against stress-induced gastric damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, Cracow, Poland.
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Konturek SJ, Konturek PC, Brzozowska I, Pawlik M, Sliwowski Z, Cześnikiewicz-Guzik M, Kwiecień S, Brzozowski T, Bubenik GA, Pawlik WW. Localization and biological activities of melatonin in intact and diseased gastrointestinal tract (GIT). J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 58:381-405. [PMID: 17928638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT), an indole formed enzymatically from L-trytophan (Trp), was first discovered in the bovine pineal gland in 1958 by Lerner et al. Melatonin is the most versatile and ubiquitous hormonal molecule produced not only in the pineal gland but also in various other tissues of invertebrates and vertebrates, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This review focuses on the localization, production, metabolism and the functions of MT in GIT and the duodenal unit (liver, biliary routes and pancreas), where multi-step biosynthetic pathways of this indole, similar to those in pinealocytes, have been identified. These biosynthetic steps of MT, including two major rate limiting enzymes; arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), transforming L-tryptophan (Trp), originally identified in pinealocytes, have been also detected in entero-endocrine (EE) cells of GIT, where this indole appears to act in endocrine, paracrine and/or luminal pathway directly or through G-protein coupled MT receptors. Studies of the distribution of MT in GIT mucosa showed that this indole is generated in GIT in much larger amounts than it is produced in the pineal gland. Melatonin acts in GIT, partly locally in paracrine fashion and is partly released into portal circulation, to be taken up by the liver. It is then metabolized and excreted with the bile to small bowel and finally returns to liver through entero-hepatic circulation. The production of MT by the pineal gland shows circadian rhythm with high night-time surge, especially at younger age, followed by the fall during the day-light time. As a highly lipophylic substance, MT reaches all body cells within minutes, thus, serving as a convenient circadian timing signal. Following pinealectomy, the light/dark cycle of plasma MT levels disappears, while its day-time blood concentration is maintained mainly due to its release from the GIT. According to our experience, after oral application of Trp, the plasma MT increases in dose-dependent manner both in intact and pinealectomized animals and humans, indicating that GIT but not the pineal gland is a source of this indole. In GIT MT exhibits a wide spectrum of activities such as circadian entrainment, antioxidant and free radicals scavenging activity, Melatonin (MT), an indole formed enzymatically from L-trytophan (Trp), was first discovered in the bovine pineal gland in 1958 by Lerner et al. Melatonin is the most versatile and ubiquitous hormonal molecule produced not only in the pineal gland but also in various other tissues of invertebrates and vertebrates, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This review focuses on the localization, production, metabolism and the functions of MT in GIT and the duodenal unit (liver, biliary routes and pancreas), where multi-step biosynthetic pathways of this indole, similar to those in pinealocytes, have been identified. These biosynthetic steps of MT, including two major rate limiting enzymes; arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), transforming L-tryptophan (Trp), originally identified in pinealocytes, have been also detected in entero-endocrine (EE) cells of GIT, where this indole appears to act in endocrine, paracrine and/or luminal pathway directly or through G-protein coupled MT receptors. Studies of the distribution of MT in GIT mucosa showed that this indole is generated in GIT in much larger amounts than it is produced in the pineal gland. Melatonin acts in GIT, partly locally in paracrine fashion and is partly released into portal circulation, to be taken up by the liver. It is then metabolized and excreted with the bile to small bowel and finally returns to liver through entero-hepatic circulation. The production of MT by the pineal gland shows circadian rhythm with high night-time surge, especially at younger age, followed by the fall during the day-light time. As a highly lipophylic substance, MT reaches all body cells within minutes, thus, serving as a convenient circadian timing signal. Following pinealectomy, the light/dark cycle of plasma MT levels disappears, while its day-time blood concentration is maintained mainly due to its release from the GIT. According to our experience, after oral application of Trp, the plasma MT increases in dose-dependent manner both in intact and pinealectomized animals and humans, indicating that GIT but not the pineal gland is a source of this indole. In GIT MT exhibits a wide spectrum of activities such as circadian entrainment, antioxidant and free radicals scavenging activity, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and healing efficacy of various GIT lesions such as esophagitis, gastritis, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis and colitis. This review concentrates on the generation and pathophysiological implication of MT in GIT and related organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Konturek
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
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Konturek SJ, Zayachkivska O, Havryluk XO, Brzozowski T, Sliwowski Z, Pawlik M, Konturek PC, Cześnikiewicz-Guzik M, Gzhegotsky MR, Pawlik WW. Protective influence of melatonin against acute esophageal lesions involves prostaglandins, nitric oxide and sensory nerves. J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 58:361-77. [PMID: 17622703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is known to protect gastrointestinal mucosa against various types of injury but its effects on esophageal damage have not been studied. We examined the effects of MT on acute esophageal injury and the mechanism involved in the action of this indole. Acute esophageal lesions were induced by perfusion with acid-pepsin solution using tube inserted through the oral cavity into the mid of esophagus of anaesthetized rats with or without inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) generation by indomethacin (5 mg/kg/day), nitric oxide (NO) formation by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 20 mg/kg/day) or sensory nerves deactivation by capsaicin (125 mg/kg, sc). The esophageal injury was assessed by macroscopic score and histologic activity index. The esophageal mucosal blood flow (EBF) was determinated by H(2)-gas clearance method. The plasma TNF-alpha and nitrate/nitrite (NOx) levels and mucosal PGE(2) contents were assessed by immunoassays. Esophageal acid-pepsin perfusion induced noticeable esophageal mucosal injury as compared to perfusion with vehicle saline. The pretreatment with MT prevented significantly esophageal injury, raised EBF and mucosal content of PGE(2), while decreasing the levels of TNF-alpha. Inhibition of COX/PG and NOS/NO systems by indomethacin and L-NNA, respectively, or inactivation of sensory nerves by capsaicin, that manifested in further increase of esophageal injury, reduced the levels of EBF, markedly raised the levels TNF-alpha and reduced mucosal PGE(2), but the pretreatment with MT prevented significantly esophageal injury, improved EBF and raised mucosal PGE(2) contents. These studies suggest that MT can be considered as a novel esophagoprotector, acting, at least in part, through the COX/PG and NOS/NO systems and activation of sensory nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Konturek
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
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Konturek PC, Brzozowski T, Konturek SJ, Pawlik M, Gaca P, Hahn EG, Raithel M. Role of histamine in ghrelin-induced gastroprotection against acute gastric lesions. Inflamm Res 2007; 56 Suppl 1:S25-6. [PMID: 17806165 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-006-0512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P C Konturek
- First Department of Medicine, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Piaścik M, Rydzewska G, Pawlik M, Milewski J, Furmanek MI, Wrońska E, Polkowski M, Butruk E. Diffuse nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the gastrointestinal tract in patient with selective immunoglobulin A deficiency and sarcoid-like syndrome--case report. Adv Med Sci 2007; 52:296-300. [PMID: 18217437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia is uncommon in adult patients. Associated diseases are common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) and lymphoid tissue malignancies. In this case report we focus on clinical presentation and differential diagnosis of diffuse nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the gastrointestinal tract coexisting with selective immunoglobulin A deficiency and sarcoid-like syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Piaścik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of Home Affairs, Warsaw, Poland
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Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Sliwowski Z, Drozdowicz D, Kwiecien S, Pawlik M, Pajdo R, Konturek SJ, Pawlik WW, Hahn EG. Neural aspects of ghrelin-induced gastroprotection against mucosal injury induced by noxious agents. J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 57 Suppl 6:63-76. [PMID: 17228088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin, identified in oxyntic mucosa has been recently implicated in the control of food intake and growth hormone (GH) release but whether this hormone can influence the gastric secretion and gastric mucosal integrity have been little studied. We compared the effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of ghrelin on gastric secretion in rats equipped with gastric fistula (GF) and gastric lesions induced in rats by 75% ethanol and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) with or without vagotomy or functional ablation of afferent sensory nerves by capsaicin. The number and the area of gastric lesions was measured by planimetry, the GBF was assessed by H(2)-gas clearance method and blood was withdrawn for the determination of the plasma ghrelin and gastrin levels. Ghrelin (5-80 microg/kg i.p. or 600-5000 ng/rat i.c.v.) increased gastric acid secretion and attenuated gastric lesions induced by ethanol and I/R. These protective effects of ghrelin were accompanied by the significant rise in the gastric mucosal blood flow (GBF) and plasma ghrelin and gastrin levels. Ghrelin given i.p. or injected i.c.v. in standard doses 20 microg/kg or 5000 ng/kg, respectively, significantly attenuated the gastric mucosal damage and significantly raised the GBF. Ethanol applied i.g. in smaller concentrations (12.5% and 25%) produced a significant increase in plasma immunorective ghrelin levels and this effect was inhibited in rats receiving ethanol in higher concentrations (75% and 100%). Ghrelin-induced protection after its i.p. or i.c.v. administration and accompanying increase in the GBF were completely abolished by vagotomy and capsaicin-deactivation of sensory nerves. Concurrent treatment with CGRP added to ghrelin restored the gastroprotective and hyperemic effects of ghrelin applied i.p. or i.c.v. in rats with capsaicin denervation. We conclude that central and peripheral ghrelin exerts a potent protective and gastric secretory effects in rats exposed to ethanol and I/R, and that these actions involve vagal nerve integrity, partially depending upon afferent nerves and hyperemia mediated by sensory neuropeptides such as CGRP released from these nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
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Kowalski M, Pawlik M, Konturek JW, Konturek SJ. Helicobacter pylori infection in coronary artery disease. J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 57 Suppl 3:101-11. [PMID: 17033109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been increasingly discussed, but still remains unclear. Inflammatory changes in the vessel wall play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Systemic inflammatory reaction can be detected by showing increased plasma levels of different proinflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins. Infectious agents have been linked to coronary heart disease on epidemiological and pathogenetic grounds. The prevalent condition and the exact mechanism of initiation of atherosclerotic vascular disease remain unclear. Nevertheless, many similarities exist between the processes of inflammation and atherogenesis, and the evidence is growing for the role of an active inflammation in the atherosclerosis in the coronary circulation and elsewhere. Although the seroepidemiological and eradication studies have suggested a causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and coronary heart disease; the issue is still controversial. The detection of Hp specific DNA in atheromatous plaque material from coronary arteries, but more important, the reduction in restenosis of coronary vessels after Hp eradication could be interpreted as an evidence for the involvement of a Hp infection in the progression of CAD induced by a local inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kowalski
- Schüchterman - Klinik, Heart - Center Osnabrück - Bad Rothenfelde, Witten/Herdecke - University, Germany
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Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Sliwowski Z, Kwiecień S, Drozdowicz D, Pawlik M, Mach K, Konturek SJ, Pawlik WW. Interaction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) with Helicobacter pylori in the stomach of humans and experimental animals. J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 57 Suppl 3:67-79. [PMID: 17033106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are major pathogenic factors in peptic ulcer disease but whether these two factors exert synergistic or antagonistic action on the gastric mucosa has been a subject of controversy. The classic concept states that there is an increased ulcer occurrence and bleeding in patients with both H. pylori infection and NSAID use. However, the question whether the H. pylori eradication therapy in NSAID users reduces the occurrence of peptic ulcer has not been fully addressed. Studies on secondary prevention of NSAID-associated ulcers in H. pylori patients have indicated that H. pylori eradication results in impaired ulcer healing with an effect on the rate of peptic ulcer occurrence. On the other hand, the treatment of H. pylori in patients with no prior history of chronic NSAID therapy has been shown to decrease the risk of peptic ulcer. Studies in experimental animals revealed for instance, that the H. pylori infection augments the gastric mucosal damage induced by NSAID in Mongolian gerbils. In rats with preexisting chromic gastric ulcers, H. pylori infection attenuated significantly the aspirin-induced inhibition of ulcer healing and accompanying fall in the gastric blood flow at the margin of these ulcers, suggesting negative interaction between aspirin and H. pylori on ulcerogenesis. Accumulated evidence in humans and animals shows that both aspirin and H. pylori upregulate the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 both at mRNA and protein levels at the ulcer margin, but failed to influence significantly that of COX-1. It was, therefore, proposed that H. pylori may in fact, antagonize, aspirin-induced delay of ulcer healing due to suppression of acid secretion by the enhancement in PGE(2) possibly derived from COX-2 expression and activity and to the overexpression of growth factors such as TGF alpha and VEGF. The present review summarizes and further addresses the issue of the interaction between these two major ulcer risk factors determined in the stomach of humans and experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland.
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Ittner K, Pawlik M, Zimmermann M, Taeger K, Faerber L. Urapidil enhances subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension during convective rewarming of mildly hypothermic rats. J Therm Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2005.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The clearance of moxifloxacin is reported to be unaltered in the presence of renal insufficiency. There is little information about the clearance of intravenous moxifloxacin in renal replacement therapies during intensive care. The aim of this study was to determine the clearance of moxifloxacin during continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVHF) in vitro. METHODS The elimination of moxifloxacin (reservoir with 600 mL of washed human erythrocytes, 100 mL of NaHCO3 and various amounts of Ringer solution and human albumin to give a total volume of 1000 mL, pH 7.35 +/- 0.5; haematocrit 41 +/- 2) during CVVHF in vitro with two filter conditions (during priming, after priming), three protein concentrations (human albumin: 0 g/L, 20 g/L, 40 g/L) and two filtration velocities [(i) standard condition: blood flow at 100 mL/min and turnover of 2 L/h; (ii) blood flow at 50 mL/min and turnover of 1 L/h] were investigated. RESULTS A new filter needs 20 min of priming before moxifloxacin reaches a steady relative filtration rate. The sieving coefficient with 0 g/L albumin was 1.07, with 20 g/L 0.90 and with 40 g/L 0.80. Under standard filtration conditions (i) the renal clearance was between 26.7 and 35.7 mL/min, and under the altered conditions (ii) it was 15.2 mL/min. CONCLUSION During CVVHF in vitro we found filtration clearances of moxifloxacin of the same order as its renal clearance in healthy subjects. The high sieving coefficient, nearly independent of blood protein concentration, would suggest that moxifloxacin is filtered almost as freely as creatinine. These results do not indicate a need for dose adjustment under appropriate haemofiltration conditions and normal hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Ittner
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Brzozowska I, Targosz A, Sliwowski Z, Kwiecien S, Drozdowicz D, Pajdo R, Konturek PC, Brzozowski T, Pawlik M, Konturek SJ, Pawlik WW, Hahn EG. Healing of chronic gastric ulcers in diabetic rats treated with native aspirin, nitric oxide (NO)-derivative of aspirin and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor. J Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 55:773-90. [PMID: 15613743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the gastric mucosa of diabetic rats is highly vulnerable to acute injury but the influence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and their new nitric oxide (NO) releasing derivatives of aspirin (NO-ASA) on the ulcer healing under diabetic conditions has been little studied. In this study streptozocin (STZ, 70 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally) was used to induce diabetes mellitus in rats. Four weeks after STZ injection, gastric ulcers were induced using the acetic acid method and rats with gastric ulcers received the treatment with 1) aspirin (ASA, 30 mg/kg-d i.g.), 2) NO-ASA applied in equimolar dose of 50 mg/kg-d i.g., 3) rofecoxib (5 mg/kg-d i.g.), the selective cyclooxygenase-(COX)-2 inhibitor and 4) SNAP (5 mg/kg-d i.g.), a donor of NO, combined with ASA (30 mg/kg-d i.g.). Ten days after the induction of the ulcers, the healing rate and the gastric blood flow (GBF) were measured by planimetry and hydrogen (H(2))-gas clearance method, respectively and the plasma cytokine such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-10 were determined. In addition, the effect of insulin (4 IU/day/rat i.p.) with or without the blockade of NO-synthase by L-NNA (20 mg/kg-d i.p.) on the ulcer healing and the GBF in non-diabetic and diabetic rats was determined. In the diabetic rats, a significant delay in ulcer healing (approximately by 300%) was observed with an accompanied decrease in the GBF at ulcer margin. The prolongation of the healing in diabetic animals was associated with an increase in the plasma cytokine (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-10) levels. ASA and rofecoxib, that significantly suppressed the mucosal prostaglandin (PG) E(2) generation in ulcer area, delayed significantly the rate of ulcer healing and decreased the GBF at ulcer margin, while elevating plasma IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-10 concentrations in non-diabetic rats and these alterations were significantly augmented in diabetic animals. In contrast to ASA, the treatment with NO-ASA failed to influence both, the ulcer healing and GBF at ulcer margin and significantly attenuated the plasma levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-10 as compared to those recorded in ASA- or rofecoxib-treated animals. Co-treatment of SNAP with native ASA abolished the deleterious effect of ASA on ulcer healing, GBF at ulcer margin and luminal NO release in diabetic rats. Administration of insulin in rats with diabetes, opposed the delay in ulcer healing, and the fall in the GBF at ulcer margin and these effects were counteracted by the concurrent treatment with L-NNA. We conclude that: 1) ulcer healing is dramatically impaired in experimental diabetes and this effect involves the fall in the gastric microcirculation at the ulcer margin and increased release of proinflammatory cytokines; 2) classic NSAID such as ASA and selective COX-2 inhibitors such as rofecoxib, prolong ulcer healing under diabetic conditions probably due to suppression of endogenous PG and the fall in the GBF at the ulcer margin suggesting that both COX isoforms, namely, COX-1 and COX-2, are important sources of PG during ulcer healing in diabetes; and 3) NO-ASA counteracts the impairment of ulcer healing in diabetic rats induced by ASA, mainly due to the release of NO that compensates for PG deficiency resulting in enhancement in the GBF at ulcer margin and suppression of cytokine release in the ulcer area.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Brzozowska
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, ul. Grzegorzecka 16, Poland.
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Hansen E, Pawlik M, Altmeppen J, Bechmann V. 3. Internationales Symposium: „Autologe Transfusion - Von der Euphorie zur Ratio: Praktisches Handeln aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht” (Teil II)Relevante Aspekte bei der Bestrahlung und Retransfusion von maschinell aufbereitetem Wundblut - aus anästhesiologischer Sicht. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2004; 39:676-82. [PMID: 15523582 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-825891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The requirement for intraoperative blood salvage (IBS) in cancer surgery stems from the high transfusion rate, the unfavourable effects of an anaemia, and the impact of transfusion risks like immunomodulation in tumor patients. The advantages of IBS are availability, the low waste rate, and the excellent quality of this autologous, unstored blood. The only effective elimination of the risk of tumor cell dissemination after retransfusion of wound blood is achieved by blood irradiation. The combination of the established methods of IBS and blood irradiation is practical, and allows a very efficient saving of blood. For Jehovah's witnesses it may open the possibility for tumor surgery. From an anaesthesiological point of view it is part of the therapy, but any context that puts it compatible to medicolegal regulations is welcome. For him as the one responsible for the therapy of intraoperative blood loss it represents the safest and best blood for an optimal hemotherapy in tumor patients. In addition, first data indicate a better outcome of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hansen
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universität Regensburg.
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Hansen E, Pawlik M, Altmeppen J, Bechmann V. Advantages of Intraoperative Blood Salvage with Blood Irradiation in Cancer Surgery. Transfus Med Hemother 2004. [DOI: 10.1159/000080415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Machowska A, Szlachcic A, Pawlik M, Brzozowski T, Konturek SJ, Pawlik WW. The role of female and male sex hormones in the healing process of preexisting lingual and gastric ulcerations. J Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 55 Suppl 2:91-104. [PMID: 15608364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2004] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies in different animal species and in humans have suggested that sex hormones influence gastric acid secretion and contribute to the integrity of the oral and gastroduodenal mucosa but the effect of male and female sex hormones on the healing of the preexisting ulcers in the oral cavity and stomach have not been studied. We compared the effects of major male hormone, testosterone, and female hormone, progesterone, on the healing of lingual and gastric ulcers induced by acetic acid technique in male rats with intact or removed testicles (testectomy) and female rats with intact or removed ovaries (ovariectomy). The gastric acid secretion was determined in rats with gastric ulcers equipped with chronic gastric fistula (GF). Rats were sacrificed at day 7 upon ulcer induction; the ulcer area was measured by planimetry and the lingual and gastric blood flow (GBF) was determined by H(2)-gas clearance method and venous blood was collected for determination of plasma gastrin and plasma proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 beta levels. Gastric acid output from GF rats was significantly reduced while plasma gastrin was significantly enhanced in testectomized animals as compared to those in intact control rats and these effects were reversed by supplementation of testectomized animals with testosterone. The area of lingual and gastric ulcers in placebo-control rats decreased significantly at day 7 and this effect was significantly accelerated by testectomy or ovariectomy. In contrast, testosterone significantly delayed ulcer healing while producing a significant fall in the gastric blood flow and lingual blood flow determined at the margin of these ulcers. Treatment with progesterone significantly accelerated ulcer healing and increased the gastric and lingual blood flow at margin of these ulcers. Testosterone applied alone or supplemented in testectomized animals produced the significant increment in plasma IL-1 beta levels as compared to the respective levels of this cytokine in placebo-control animals. We conclude that: 1) major male (testosterone) and female (progesterone) sex hormones exhibit opposite effect on healing of preexisting ulcers in the oral cavity and stomach because testosterone markedly delayed while progesterone significantly accelerated this healing; 2) testosterone-induced delay in ulcer healing involves the fall in the gastric microcirculation at the margin of lingual and gastric ulcers and the excessive production and release of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta; and 3) testectomy improves the gastric ulcer healing due to inhibition of gastric acid secretion and the rise in plasma gastrin, which exerts gastroprotective, trophic and ulcer healing action on the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Machowska
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Konturek PC, Nikiforuk A, Brzozowski T, Pawlik M, Raithel M, Hahn EG, Konturek SJ. Effect of N-alpha-methyl histamine on ulcer healing in rats. Inflamm Res 2004; 53 Suppl 1:S27-8. [PMID: 15054603 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-003-0312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2003] [Accepted: 01/01/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P C Konturek
- First Department of Medicine, University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Pajdo R, Kwiecień S, Sliwowski Z, Drozdowicz D, Ptak-Belowska A, Pawlik M, Konturek SJ, Pawlik WW, Hahn GG. Importance of brain-gut axis in the gastroprotection induced by gastric and remote preconditioning. J Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 55:165-77. [PMID: 15082876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2004] [Accepted: 03/01/2004] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Limitation of the damage to the organs such as heart, liver, intestine, stomach and brain by an earlier brief complete occlusion of their arteries is defined as ischemic preconditioning (IP). No study so for has been undertaken to check whether brain-gut axis is involved in the gastroprotection exhibited by gastric IP or in that induced by repeated brief episodes of ischemia of remote organs such as heart and liver. This study was designed to determine the possible involvement of vagal and sensory afferent nerves, in the mechanism of gastric and remote organ IP on the gastric mucosa in rats exposed to prolonged ischemia-reperfusion with or without functional ablation of sensory nerves by capsaicin or in those with removed vagal innervation by vagotomy. This gastric IP was induced by short ischemia episodes (occlusion of celiac artery 1-5 times for 5 min) applied 30 min before subsequent ischemia followed by 3 h of reperfusion (I/R) and compared with remote IP induced by occlusion of left descending coronary artery or hepatic artery plus portal vein. The area of gastric lesions was determined by planimetry, gastric blood flow (GBF) was measured by H(2)-gas clearance method and mucosal biopsy samples were taken for the assessment of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) by RIA. Exposure of gastric mucosa to standard 3 h of I/R produced numerous gastric lesions and significant fall in the GBF and mucosal CGRP content. Two 5 min short ischemic episodes by occlusion of coronary or hepatic arteries, significantly reduced gastric damage induced by I/R with the extent similar to that exhibited by two short (5 min) episodes of gastric ischemia. These protective effects of gastric and remote IPs were accompanied by a restoration of the fall in the CGRP content caused by I/R alone. Protection and hyperemia induced by gastric IP were significantly attenuated in capsaicin-denervated or vagotomized animals and completely removed in those exposed to the combination of vagotomy and capsaicin-denervation. The IP-induced protection and hyperemia were restored by the administration of exogenous CGRP to gastric IP in capsaicin-treated animals. Gastroprotective and hyperemic actions of remote IP were markedly diminished in capsaicin-denervated rats and in those subjected to vagotomy. We conclude that brief ischemia in remote organs such as heart and liver protects gastric mucosa against gastric injury induced by I/R as effectively as gastric IP via mechanism involving both vagal and sensory nerves releasing vasodilatatory mediators such as CGRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
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Dembiński A, Warzecha Z, Ceranowicz P, Pawlik M, Dembiński M, Kabat K, Konturek SJ, Kownacki P, Hładki W, Pawlik WW. Influence of central and peripheral administration of pancreatic polypeptide on gastric mucosa growth. J Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 55:223-37. [PMID: 15082880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 03/01/2004] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies have shown that pancreatic polypeptide (PP) inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion. The aim of present study was to determine the influence of PP administration on gastric growth and blood flow. METHODS Study was performed on regularly fed, fasted or fasted and subsequently refed rats. Rats were treated with saline (intraperitoneally - i.p.), caerulein (0.24 nmol/kg/dose, i.p.), pentagastrin (0.38 micromol/kg/dose, i.p.) or PP (5 nmol/kg/dose, i.p. or 10 pmol/dose intracerebroventricularly - i.c.v.). Saline, caerulein, pentagastrin and PP were administered alone or in combination, 3 times daily during last 48 h of experiment. RESULTS Treatment with pentagastrin increased gastric mucosa weight, mucosal DNA synthesis and gastric blood flow in all group tested. Intraperitoneal and i.c.v administration of PP alone reduced mucosal DNA synthesis in regularly fed and refed animals, and decreased gastric blood flow in refed animals. Combination of PP i.p. or i.c.v plus pentagastrin significantly reduced the pentagastrin-evoked increase in gastric mucosa weight, gastric DNA synthesis and gastric blood flow in fasted animals, as well as regularly fed animals. In refed animals, influence of PP administration on the pentagastrin-evoked increase in gastric mucosa weight was weak and statistically insignificant, but still i.p or i.c.v administration of PP significantly reduced gastric blood flow and mucosal DNA synthesis in this group of animals. Administration of caerulein caused weak, but significant increase in gastric DNA synthesis, gastric mucosa weight and gastric blood flow in fasted rats. In regularly fed animals, caerulein significantly increased only gastric DNA synthesis and gastric blood flow. In fasted animals with subsequent refeeding, caerulein was without effect on parameters tested in the stomach. Neither i.p. nor i.c.v administration of PP affected the caerulein-evoked effects in the stomach. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral and central administration of PP inhibits food- and pentagastrin-stimulated growth of gastric mucosa. Similar effects of low central doses of PP as the high peripheral doses of PP suggests a crucial role of the central nervous system in the inhibitory effect of PP on gastric mucosa growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dembiński
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
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Pawlik M, Laskowski JS, Ansari A. Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose and ionic strength on stability of mineral suspensions in potash ore flotation systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 260:251-8. [PMID: 12686172 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(02)00225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose from aqueous solutions varying in ionic strength from that of distilled water to 50% NaCl/KCl brine (about 3.5 mol/dm(3)) onto illite and dolomite has been studied. The purpose of this work was to investigate the solvency effects in the phenomena underlying the potash flotation process that is carried out in saturated brine. Based on viscosity measurements, the adsorption results were analyzed in terms of a simple model of polymer macromolecules in solution. Suspension stability measurements carried out concomitantly with adsorption tests showed the ranges of carboxymethyl cellulose concentration over which the tested suspensions either were aggregated or were restabilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pawlik
- Department of Mining and Mineral Process Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 517D-6350 Stores Road, Vancouver, Canada British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Kwiecien S, Konturek SJ, Pajdo R, Drozdowicz D, Ptak A, Pawlik M, Stachura J, Pawlik WW, Hahn EG. Triple eradication therapy counteracts functional impairment associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in Mongolian gerbils. J Physiol Pharmacol 2003; 54:33-51. [PMID: 12674217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Gastric Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in Mongolian gerbils is an established experimental model of gastric carcinogenesis resulting from the long-term Hp infection but functional aspects accompanying this Hp-induced progression from gastritis to the cancer, especially changes in gastric acid secretion, gastric blood flow (GBF) and gastrin-somatostatin link have been little studied. It is unclear whether Hp eradication therapy alters the functional and the histopathological changes in this animal model of Hp-infection. We examined the effects of intragastric (i.g.) inoculation of Mongolian gerbils with Hp strain (cagA+ vacA+, 5 x 10(6) CFU/ml) that had been isolated from a patient with gastric ulcer as compared to those induced by vehicle (saline) in gerbils with or without gastric fistula (GF) at 1.2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 30 wks upon gastric inoculation with this bacteria. An attempt was made to evaluate the influence of anti-Hp triple therapy with omeprazole, amoxicillin and tinidazol on gastric Hp-infection and Hp-induced functional impairment of the gastric mucosa. Gastric mucosal biopsy specimens were taken for the assessment of the morphological changes and the presence of Hp infection using rapid urease test (CLO-test) and the density of Hp-colonization were assessed by counting of the number of bacterial colonies per plate. Gastric blood flow (GBF) was measured by H2-gas clearance technique and the venous blood and the gastric content were collected for the measurement of plasma gastrin levels and the gastric luminal somatostatin level by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The Hp in gastric mucosa was detected in all animals by culture and rapid urease test at various periods upon Hp inoculation. Basal gastric acid in non-infected conscious gerbils with GF reached the level of about 28 +/- 4 micromol/h and this was reduced by over 50% immediately upon the Hp-inoculation and persisted for time intervals tested up to 30 wk. Early lesions were seen 4 wks after the Hp-inoculation and consisted of chronic gastritis with thickened gastric mucosal foldings and elongated interfoveolar ridges. Edema and congestion as well as significant mucosal inflammatory infiltration with lymphoid infiltrate in lamina propria of the mucosa occurred in all infected gerbils. Adenomatous hyperplasia with cellular atypia was observed at 12 wk upon Hp-inoculation together with increased mitotic activity and numerous apoptotic bodies formation, while lamina propria was reduced leaving dilated atypical gastric gland situated "back-to-back". This glandular atypia failed to show lamina propria or submucosa infiltration corresponding to gastric intraepithelial neoplasia. The GBF in Hp-infected gerbils was significantly lower, and a 6-7 fold increase in plasma gastrin levels combined with a significant fall in gastric luminal somatostatin contents observed at all tested periods as compared to vehicle-controls and these effects were counteracted by anti-Hp triple therapy. We conclude that: 1). Hp-infection in Mongolian gerbils in early stages before adenocarcinoma formation results in the development of typical functional and pathological changes such as suppression of gastric secretion and impairment of both, gastric mucosal microcirculation and gastrin-somatostatin link, and 2). this deleterious influence of Hp on gastric morphology and gastric functions is greatly attenuated in gerbils treated with Hp-eradication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Brzozowski T, Ptak A, Kwiecień S, Pajdo R, Drozdowicz D, Pawlik M, Konturek SJ, Pawlik WW. Importance of nitric oxide (NO) and adenosine in the mechanism of gastric preconditioning induced by short ischemia. Rocz Akad Med Bialymst 2003; 48:42-7. [PMID: 14737939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric mucosa subjected to repeated brief episodes of ischemia exhibits an increased resistance to damage caused by a subsequent prolonged ischemic insult and this is called gastric preconditioning. In this study, L-NNA, a non-selective NO-synthase inhibitor, and aminoguanidine, a relative inhibitor of inducible NO-synthase (iNOS), were applied prior to short ischemia (occlusion of celiac artery 1-5 times for 5 min) followed by a subsequent exposure to 0.5 h of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion (I/R). MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were used in all studies. RESULTS Short ischemia reduced significantly I/R-induced lesions while raising significantly the GBF and luminal NO content. These effects were attenuated by L-NNA and aminoguanidine and restored by addition of L-arginine and SNAP to L-NNA and aminoguanidine. Pretreatment of with adenosine (10 mg/kg i.p.) significantly reduced I/R lesions and accompanying fall in the GBF induced by I/R. These protective and hyperemic effects of standard preconditioning and adenosine were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with 8-phenyl theophylline (SPT, 10 mg/kg i.g.), an antagonist of adenosine A1 and A2 receptors. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that gastric ischemic preconditioning is considered as one of the major protective mechanism in the stomach that involves key vasodilatory mediators such as NO and adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Str., 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
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Gosiewska A, Drelich J, Laskowski JS, Pawlik M. Mineral Matter Distribution on Coal Surface and Its Effect on Coal Wettability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2002; 247:107-16. [PMID: 16290445 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2001.8130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2001] [Accepted: 11/24/2001] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coal is an organic sedimentary rock composed of organic macerals and mineral matter. As it is demonstrated in this paper the discrete mineralogical nature of coal largely influences the wetting of the coal surface by water. Both advancing and receding contact angles were measured using the captive-bubble technique with an automatic bubble shape analysis software. The distribution and amount of mineral inclusions on the coal surface were determined by scanning electron microscopy and examined using the image analysis system. To determine the amount and size distribution of mineral grains, the coal surface layer, on which the contact angles were measured, was separated from the larger piece used in the measurements by microslicing. The separated surface layer was subjected to a low-temperature ashing followed by particle size analysis. As expected, a significant scatter of contact angle values was obtained for the same coal samples. Increasing the amount of mineral matter on the coal surface reduced the value of both advancing and receding contact angles. Also, the scatter of contact angle values increased with the increasing mineral matter content from about 1 to 50 wt%. The results reveal that an important factor in analysis of contact angle variation on coal surfaces is the size of the hydrophilic mineral inclusions. Both the advancing and the receding contact angles decrease with increasing size of the mineral grains. Additionally, the scatter of contact angle values increase with increasing size of the mineral matter grains. Finally, the results of fractal dimension analysis of mineral matter grains distributed over the coal surface indicate that there is no significant effect from the shape of hydrophilic mineral inclusions on both advancing and receding contact angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gosiewska
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Hougthon, Michigan 49931, USA
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Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Pajdo R, Kwiecień S, Ptak A, Sliwowski Z, Drozdowicz D, Pawlik M, Konturek SJ, Hahn EG. Brain-gut axis in gastroprotection by leptin and cholecystokinin against ischemia-reperfusion induced gastric lesions. J Physiol Pharmacol 2001; 52:583-602. [PMID: 11787760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Leptin, a product of ob gene controlling food intake, has recently been detected in the stomach and shown to be released by CCK and implicated in gastroprotection against various noxious agents but it is unknown whether centrally applied leptin influences ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced gastric erosions that progress into deeper gastric ulcerations. In this study we compared the effects of leptin and CCK-8 applied intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) on gastric mucosal lesions induced by I/R and topical application of 75% ethanol. Several major series of Wistar rats were used to examine the effects of leptin and CCK applied centrally on gastroprotection against I/R and ethanol in rats with A) vagotomy by cutting of vagal nerves, B) suppression of NO-synthase with L-NNA (20 mg/kg i.p.), C) inactivation of sensory nerves by capsaicin (125 mg/kg s.c.) and D) inhibition of CGRP receptors with CGR(8-37) (100 microg/kg i.p.) applied with or without the i.c.v. pretreatment with leptin or CCK-8. Rats were anesthetized 1 h after ethanol administration or at 3 h and 3 days upon the end of ischemia to measure the gastric blood flow (GBF) and then to determine the area of gastric lesions by planimetry. Blood was withdrawn for the measurement of plasma leptin and gastrin levels by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Leptin (0.1-20 microg/kg i.p.) dose-dependently attenuated gastric lesions induced by 75% ethanol and I/R; the dose reducing these lesions by 50% (ED50) was 8 microg/kg and 6 microg/kg, respectively and this protective effect was similar to that obtained with CCK-8 applied in a standard dose of 10 microg/kg i.p. This protective effect of leptin was accompanied by a significant increase in GBF and plasma gastrin levels whereas CCK-8 increased plasma leptin levels but failed to affect plasma gastrin levels. Leptin and CCK-8 applied i.c.v. in a dose of 625 ng/rat reduced significantly the area of I/R induced gastric lesions and raised the GBF and plasma leptin levels with the extent similar to those achieved with peripheral administration of leptin or CCK-8 (10 microg/kg i.p.). The protective and hyperemic effects of centrally administered leptin or CCK-8 (625 ng/rat i.c.v.) were completely abolished by vagotomy and significantly attenuated by sensory denervation with capsaicin or by CGRP antagonist, CGRP(8-37). The pretreatment with L-NNA to inhibit NO-synthase activity attenuated significantly the protective and hyperemic effects of CCK but not those of leptin while capsaicin denervation counteracted leptin-induced protection and rise in the GBF but attenuated significantly those of CCK. We conclude that: 1) central leptin exerts a potent gastroprotective activity against I/R-induced gastric erosions that progress into deeper gastric lesions and this protection depends upon vagal activity and sensory nerves and involves hyperemia probably mediated by NO and 2) leptin mimics the gastroprotective effect of CCK and may be implicated in the protective and hyperemic actions of this peptide against mucosal damage evoked by I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
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