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Vanniya S P, Chandru J, Jeffrey JM, Rabinowitz T, Brownstein Z, Krishnamoorthy M, Avraham KB, Cheng L, Shomron N, Srisailapathy CRS. PNPT1, MYO15A, PTPRQ, and SLC12A2-associated genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity among hearing impaired assortative mating families in Southern India. Ann Hum Genet 2021; 86:1-13. [PMID: 34374074 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted between 2018 and 2020. From a cohort of 113 hearing impaired (HI), five non-DFNB12 probands identified with heterozygous CDH23 variants were subjected to exome analysis. This resolved the etiology of hearing loss (HL) in four South Indian assortative mating families. Six variants, including three novel ones, were identified in four genes: PNPT1 p.(Ala46Gly) and p.(Asn540Ser), MYO15A p.(Leu1485Pro) and p.(Tyr1891Ter), PTPRQ p.(Gln1336Ter), and SLC12A2 p.(Pro988Ser). Compound heterozygous PNPT1 variants were associated with DFNB70 causing prelingual profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), vestibular dysfunction, and unilateral progressive vision loss in one family. In the second family, MYO15A variants in the myosin motor domain, including a novel variant, causing DFNB3, were found to be associated with prelingual profound SNHL. A novel PTPRQ variant was associated with postlingual progressive sensorineural/mixed HL and vestibular dysfunction in the third family with DFNB84A. In the fourth family, the SLC12A2 novel variant was found to segregate with severe-to-profound HL causing DFNA78, across three generations. Our results suggest a high level of allelic, genotypic, and phenotypic heterogeneity of HL in these families. This study is the first to report the association of PNPT1, PTPRQ, and SLC12A2 variants with HL in the Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paridhy Vanniya S
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Jayasankaran Chandru
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India.,LifeBytes India Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, India
| | - Justin Margret Jeffrey
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Tom Rabinowitz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zippora Brownstein
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mathuravalli Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Karen B Avraham
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Le Cheng
- BGI Genomics, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Noam Shomron
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - C R Srikumari Srisailapathy
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Gunasekaran ND, Jayasankaran C, Justin Margret J, Krishnamoorthy M, Srisailapathy CRS. Evaluation of recurrent GNPTAB, GNPTG, and NAGPA variants associated with stuttering. Adv Genet (Hoboken) 2021; 2:e10043. [PMID: 36618124 PMCID: PMC9744500 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.10043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Stuttering is a childhood-onset fluency disorder, intertwined with physiological, emotional, and anxiety factors. The present study was designed to evaluate the recurrence of the reported mutations among three previously implicated (GNPTAB, GNPTG, NAGPA) candidate genes, in persons with stuttering from south India. Mutation screening was performed among 64 probands on 12 specific exons, by Sanger sequencing. A total of 12 variants were identified, which included five nonsynonymous, five synonymous, and two noncoding variants. Three unrelated probands harbored heterozygous missense variants at conserved coding positions across species (p. Glu1200Lys in GNPTAB, p. Ile268Leu in GNPTG and p. Arg44Pro in NAGPA). Of these, only one variant (p. Glu1200Lys in GNPTAB) cosegregated with the affected status while p. Ile268Leu in GNPTG gene was found to be a rare de novo variant. Although this study identified some previously reported variants that have been claimed to have a role in stuttering, we confirmed only one of these to be a likely causal de novo variant (p.Ile268Leu) in the GNPTG gene at an allele frequency of 0.8% (1/128) in the families with stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandhini Devi Gunasekaran
- Department of Genetics, Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Madras, Taramani CampusChennaiIndia
| | - Chandru Jayasankaran
- Department of Genetics, Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Madras, Taramani CampusChennaiIndia,LifeBytes India Pvt. LtdBengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Jeffrey Justin Margret
- Department of Genetics, Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Madras, Taramani CampusChennaiIndia
| | - Mathuravalli Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Genetics, Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Madras, Taramani CampusChennaiIndia
| | - C. R. Srikumari Srisailapathy
- Department of Genetics, Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Madras, Taramani CampusChennaiIndia
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Nanda A, Nayak B, Krishnamoorthy M. Antimicrobial properties of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized from phylloplane fungus, Aspergillus tamarii. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Krishnamoorthy M, Nayak B, Nanda A. In vivo and in vitro characterization of probiotic organisms for their microbial adhesion property isolated from Coconut toddy. Karbala International Journal of Modern Science 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kijoms.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Krishnamoorthy M, Roy-Chaudhury P, Wang Y, Roy AS, Zhang J, Khoury S, Munda R, Banerjee R. Measurement of Hemodynamic and Anatomic Parameters in a Swine Arteriovenous Fistula Model. J Vasc Access 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/112972980800900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) are currently the preferred mode of permanent hemodialysis access they do have significant problems due to initial non-maturation and a later venous stenosis. These problems appear to have been exacerbated following a push to increase AVF prevalence in the US. The reasons for both AVF non-maturation and the later venous stenoses are unclear but are thought to be related to abnormal hemodynamic wall shear stress (WSS) profiles. This technical note aims to describe the successful development of measurement techniques that can be used to establish a complete hemodynamic profile in a pig model with two different configurations of AVF. Methods and results The curved and straight AVF configurations were created in an in vivo pig model. Flow and pressure in the AVFs were measured using the perivascular flow probes and Doppler flow wires while the pressure was recorded using a pressure transducer. The anatomical configuration was obtained using two different approaches: a) combination of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and angiograms, (b) 64 slice CT angiography. 3D models were reconstructed using image processing and computer modeling techniques. Numerical calculations were then performed by applying the measured flow and pressure data into the configurations to obtain the hemodynamic WSS profiles. Conclusion The described methodologies will allow the calculation and optimization of WSS profiles in animal models. This information could then be translated to the clinical setting where it would have a positive impact on improving the early maturation rates of AVFs as well as reducing the late venous stenoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Nuclear Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH - USA
| | - P. Roy-Chaudhury
- Cincinnati Dialysis Access Research Program (CAP), Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, OH - USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Cincinnati Dialysis Access Research Program (CAP), Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, OH - USA
| | - A. Sinha Roy
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Nuclear Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH - USA
| | - J. Zhang
- Cincinnati Dialysis Access Research Program (CAP), Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, OH - USA
| | - S. Khoury
- Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, OH - USA
| | - R. Munda
- Cincinnati Dialysis Access Research Program (CAP), Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, OH - USA
| | - R. Banerjee
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Nuclear Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH - USA
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Krishnamoorthy M, Balakrishnan R. Docking studies for screening anticancer compounds of Azadirachta indica using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as model system. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2014; 5:108-11. [PMID: 24678207 PMCID: PMC3961913 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.127298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Plants have a long history of use in the treatment of cancer. Plant-derived compounds have played an important role in the development of several clinically useful anticancer agents. In the recent years, more emphasis has been placed on identifying plant-derived compounds that can be used as an effective treatment for life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Cancer is a disease where there is abnormal cell proliferation. The proliferation of the cancer cells are restrained by cdk/cyclin complexes, which control the normal process of cell cycle. Materials and Method: The current study involves the investigation of the anticancer property of the chemical compounds present in the leaves of Azadirachta indica by performing docking studies with the cell cycle control protein using Arguslab. Result: The compounds were docked with the cdk1 protein to identify suitable inhibitors against the protein function. Conclusion: The study were conducted on yeast Cdk protein, because these proteins showed homology with the human Cdks
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothiri, India
| | - Reena Balakrishnan
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothiri, India
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Krishnamoorthy M, Sasikumar JM, Shamna R, Pandiarajan C, Sofia P, Nagarajan B. Antioxidant activities of bark extract from mangroves, Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume and Ceriops decandra Perr. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43:557-62. [PMID: 22022000 PMCID: PMC3195127 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.84972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The antioxidant activities of two Indian mangrove plants, Bruguiera cylindrica and Ceriops decandra, were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total phenolics and total flavonoid contents of the mangroves were determined using folin-ciocalteu reagent method and aluminium chloride method, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was assessed by the following methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH.) quenching assay; 2,2'- azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS.(+)) cation decolorization test; scavenging capacity towards hydroxyl ion radicals (.OH); reductive capacity; and antihemolytic activity. RESULTS The mangroves yielded 233.3 ± 0.062 and 283.31 ± 0.04 mg gallic acid equivalent/g phenolic contents and 11.6 ± 0.12 and 15.1 ± 0.02 mg quercetin equivalent/g flavonoid contents. The methanol extracts of both mangroves exhibited high antiradical activity against DPPH., ABTS.(+), and .OH radicals. The reductive capacity of the extracts increased with increasing concentration of samples. The extracts also inhibited H(2)O(2) induced hemolysis in cow blood erythrocytes. The antioxidant activities were found stronger than that of the reference standard, butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). The antioxidant activity of mangrove plants was correlated with total phenolics and flavonoid contents. CONCLUSION Both plants can be considered as good sources of natural antioxidants for medicinal uses. Further studies are necessary to isolate active principles responsible for the overall antioxidant activity of the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Krishnamoorthy
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Forest Genetic and Tree Breeding (IFGTB), Coimbatore 641 021, India
| | - J. M. Sasikumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641 021, India
| | - R. Shamna
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641 021, India
| | - C. Pandiarajan
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Forest Genetic and Tree Breeding (IFGTB), Coimbatore 641 021, India
| | - P. Sofia
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Forest Genetic and Tree Breeding (IFGTB), Coimbatore 641 021, India
| | - B. Nagarajan
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Forest Genetic and Tree Breeding (IFGTB), Coimbatore 641 021, India
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Abstract
After more than a decade of research, there now exist several neural-network techniques for solving NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. Hopfield networks and self-organizing maps are the two main categories into which most of the approaches can be divided. Criticism of these approaches includes the tendency of the Hopfield network to produce infeasible solutions, and the lack of generalizability of the self-organizing approaches (being only applicable to Euclidean problems). This paper proposes two new techniques which have overcome these pitfalls: a Hopfield network which enables feasibility of the solutions to be ensured and improved solution quality through escape from local minima, and a self-organizing neural network which generalizes to solve a broad class of combinatorial optimization problems. Two sample practical optimization problems from Australian industry are then used to test the performances of the neural techniques against more traditional heuristic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Smith
- School of Business Systems, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Krishnamoorthy M, Roy-Chaudhury P, Wang Y, Sinha Roy A, Zhang J, Khoury S, Munda R, Banerjee R. Measurement of hemodynamic and anatomic parameters in a swine arteriovenous fistula model. J Vasc Access 2008; 9:28-34. [PMID: 18379977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) are currently the preferred mode of permanent hemodialysis access they do have significant problems due to initial non-maturation and a later venous stenosis. These problems appear to have been exacerbated following a push to increase AVF prevalence in the US. The reasons for both AVF non-maturation and the later venous stenoses are unclear but are thought to be related to abnormal hemodynamic wall shear stress (WSS) profiles. This technical note aims to describe the successful development of measurement techniques that can be used to establish a complete hemodynamic profile in a pig model with two different configurations of AVF. METHODS AND RESULTS The curved and straight AVF configurations were created in an in vivo pig model. Flow and pressure in the AVFs were measured using the perivascular flow probes and Doppler flow wires while the pressure was recorded using a pressure transducer. The anatomical configuration was obtained using two different approaches: a) combination of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and angiograms, (b) 64 slice CT angiography. 3D models were reconstructed using image processing and computer modeling techniques. Numerical calculations were then performed by applying the measured flow and pressure data into the configurations to obtain the hemodynamic WSS profiles. CONCLUSION The described methodologies will allow the calculation and optimization of WSS profiles in animal models. This information could then be translated to the clinical setting where it would have a positive impact on improving the early maturation rates of AVFs as well as reducing the late venous stenoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Nuclear Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
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Krishnamoorthy M, Jurat-Fuentes JL, McNall RJ, Andacht T, Adang MJ. Identification of novel Cry1Ac binding proteins in midgut membranes from Heliothis virescens using proteomic analyses. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 37:189-201. [PMID: 17296494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Revised: 10/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Proteins such as aminopeptidases and alkaline phosphatases, both glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) anchored proteins, were previously identified as Cry1Ac binding proteins in the Heliothis virescens midgut. To identify additional toxin binding proteins, brush border membrane vesicles from H. virescens larvae were treated with phosphatidyl inositol phospholipase C, and released proteins were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Protein spots selected by their ability to bind Cry1Ac were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry coupled to peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and database searching. As in previous studies, H. virescens alkaline phosphatase was identified as a Cry1Ac binding protein. V-ATP synthase subunit A and actin were identified as novel Cry1Ac binding proteins in H. virescens. Additional toxin-binding proteins were predicted based on MS/MS fragmentation and de novo sequencing, providing amino acid sequences that were used in database searches to identify a phosphatase and a putative protein of the cadherin superfamily as additional Cry1Ac binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krishnamoorthy
- Departments of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, USA
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Zhang J, Melhem M, Kassing W, Kelly B, Wang Y, Krishnamoorthy M, Heffelfinger S, Desai P, Roy-Chaudhury P. In vitro Paclitaxel and Radiation Effects on the Cell Types Responsible for Vascular Stenosis: A Preliminary Analysis. Blood Purif 2006; 25:155-60. [PMID: 17179736 DOI: 10.1159/000098018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction as a result of venous neointimal hyperplasia in dialysis access grafts and fistulae is currently a huge clinical problem. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of paclitaxel and radiation, both singly and in combination on the proliferation of cell types present within the lesion of venous neointimal hyperplasia (vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells within the neointimal microvessels). Vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells were plated onto 96-well plates and exposed to different concentrations and doses of paclitaxel and radiation, respectively (both individually and in combination). Growth inhibition was assessed with an MTT assay. Both paclitaxel and radiation resulted in significant growth inhibition of all three cell types. However, even small doses of paclitaxel appeared to attenuate the antiproliferative effect of radiation on these cell types. Further experiments to elucidate the mechanism behind these findings could result in a better understanding of combination antiproliferative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0585, USA
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Ganjavi H, Gee M, Narendran A, Parkinson N, Krishnamoorthy M, Freedman MH, Malkin D. Adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy in osteosarcoma cell lines: sensitization to cisplatin and doxorubicin. Cancer Gene Ther 2005; 13:415-9. [PMID: 16211088 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The poor prognosis for patients with metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) indicates that new therapeutic options should be explored. Studies with adenoviral-mediated p53 gene transfer have been conducted in many cancer types including cervical, ovarian, prostatic and head and neck tumors. However, limited work has been carried out with pediatric cancers, including OS. Using three viral constructs containing cDNA for wild-type p53, mutant p53 (Cys135Ser) and lacZ, we studied the effect of adenoviral-mediated gene therapy in four OS cell lines: Saos-2 (p53-/-), HOS (R156P), KHOS/NP (R156P) and MNNG (R156P, F270L). We demonstrated that the virus efficiently enters the cells using the beta-galactosidase assay. Using the MTT assay, we have shown a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability 72 h post-treatment that occurs with Ad-wtp53 but not with Ad-mutp53. We have also shown that treatment with Ad-wtp53 significantly increases sensitivity of the cell lines to cisplatin and doxorubicin, chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in the treatment of OS. Our results indicate that restoration of wt p53 function in OS cells provides a basis for novel approaches to treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ganjavi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Ferbam, a potent dithiocarbamate fungicide is used as a protectant against a wide variety of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. The wide-spread use of this chemical is likely to pollute the environment. Hence, it was planned to test the possible genotoxicity of Ferbam through its aneugenic potential in the in vivo mouse (Mus musculus) test system. Four different doses of Ferbam, namely, 7.5, 15.0, 30.0, 60.0 mg/kg body weight were administered orally to mice Mus musculus suspended in gum tragacanth representing, respectively, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4;, 1/2 th of the LD50 value. They were sacrificed at 6-, 12-, 24-, and 48-h intervals along with a distilled water negative control at 2 mg/kg body weight. Colchicine treated animals were used as positive controls. Bone marrow preparations were made following the standard Hypotonic flame dry Giemsa staining technique to study the dose and time yield effect of Ferbam. The aneugenic potential was evaluated for C-mitotic effects by scoring the mitotic index, c-mitoses frequency, anaphase reduction, and hyper/hypodiploidy induction. Ferbam showed a significant increase in the mitotic index and C-mitoses effects and anaphase decreased at the highest doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg at 12- and 24-h intervals. Colchicine induced significant effects in all the aneugenic parameters observed at all the time intervals. There was no significant induction of either hyperdiploidy or hypodiploidy by Ferbam, unlike colchicine, indicating that the fungicide Ferbam is not aneugenic in the mouse test system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shanthi
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199 India
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Emslie J, Krishnamoorthy M, Applebaum H. Long-term follow-up of patients treated with ileoendorectal pull-through and right colon onlay patch for total colonic aganglionosis. J Pediatr Surg 1997; 32:1542-4. [PMID: 9396520 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(97)90447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE This study was performed to assess the long-term follow-up of five patients who underwent one-stage ileoendorectal pull-through with right colon onlay patch for total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) at Kaiser Permanente Medical Center. METHODS A retrospective review of inpatient and outpatient charts and telephone follow-up of all patients were conducted to obtain current data regarding growth, development, bowel function, and postoperative and late complications. RESULTS Follow-up has ranged from 2 to 11 years. All patients are at or above the 50th percentile for weight by age and are continent with 1 to 5 daily bowel movements. Only two patients required reoperation. A perirectal abscess developed in one patient 2 months postoperatively. In the second patient a functional obstruction was relieved by sphincterotomy. CONCLUSIONS Ileoendorectal pull-through with right colon onlay patch is associated with few early and late postoperative complications; it appears to be superior to other procedures in the early postoperative period because of the more rapid return to acceptable stooling patterns. This method of reconstruction provides an excellent opportunity for normal growth, development, and long-term bowel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Emslie
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Guenther JM, Krishnamoorthy M, Tan LR. Sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast cancer in a community managed care setting. Cancer J Sci Am 1997; 3:336-40. [PMID: 9403045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, and reproducibility of intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy (IOLM/SL) in the staging of breast cancer patients in a community managed care setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred forty-five patients with primary breast cancer were prospectively studied over a 26-month period. They underwent vital dye injection at their primary breast cancer site. Lymphatic channels were traced to the sentinel lymph node, which was excised, serially sectioned, and examined. A level I and II axillary lymph node dissection and definitive breast surgery were then performed. RESULTS Sentinel nodes were identified in 103 of 145 procedures (71.0%). Sentinel and nonsentinel lymph nodes were concordant in 100 of 103 cases (97.1%). Three patients (9.7%) had falsely negative sentinel nodes; there were none in the last 80 patients. Of 28 positive sentinel nodes, 12 (42.9%) represented the only tumor-containing node within the axilla. Sentinel nodes were significantly more likely to contain tumor than nonsentinel nodes (33/50, 66.0% vs 54/467, 11.6%, P < 0.0001). IOLM/SL identified more micrometastases (< 2 mm) than standard axillary lymph node dissection (13/33, 39.6% vs 4/177, 2.2%, P < 0.001). Nine of 42 patients (21.4%) whose sentinel node could not be identified had five or more nodal metastases. Two of six patients with presumed Tis primaries had nodal metastases. DISCUSSION IOLM/SL accurately identifies the sentinel lymph node(s) most likely to contain metastatic disease. A procedural learning curve was present. An unsuccessful IOLM/SL was a risk factor for considerable nodal metastases. IOLM/SL with a tumor-free sentinel node may obviate a formal axillary lymph node dissection. The technique was feasible, economical, and reproducible within the context of a community managed care facility, while not placing exacting demands on operating room, pathology, or nuclear medicine personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Guenther
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
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Chung C, Bautista N, Rowe V, Krishnamoorthy M, Applebaum H. Simultaneous correction of malrotation and gastroesophageal reflux in infants. Am Surg 1996; 62:800-2. [PMID: 8813158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is often associated with gastrointestinal malrotation in infants. Primary correction of the malrotation, reserving a secondary antireflux procedure for those patients with persistent symptoms of GER, is most commonly practiced. This decision is based on the notion that an antireflux procedure may be unnecessary and is associated with added morbidity. We retrospectively reviewed 12 infants with GER and malrotation. All infants had symptoms attributed to GER and/or malrotation. A control group of seven infants with malrotation only was included for comparison of operative duration and postoperative recovery. Infants who received concurrent Ladd and Nissen procedures (Group 1, n=8) had immediate resolution of symptoms. Infants treated by Ladd procedure alone (Group 2, n=4), had persistent symptoms, despite postoperative medical therapy. A subsequent antireflux procedure was necessary. Comparison of operative times showed that a simultaneous procedure added, on average, 35 minutes to the Ladd procedure. Postoperative feeding and hospital stay were comparable between Group 1 and the control group. In contrast, Group 2 patients had longer hospitalizations due to ineffective medical therapy for persistent GER. No significant morbidity was noted. We recommend comprehensive surgical treatment with concurrent Ladd and Nissen procedures. This approach provides expedient and effective treatment of GER and malrotation, with minimal increase in operative time and no increase in morbidity .
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chung
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
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Abstract
Congenital bronchobiliary fistula (CBBF) is an extremely rare anomaly with myriad presentations that often include common bile duct abnormalities. Traditionally, bronchoscopy and bronchography have been used to establish the diagnosis. A full-term neonate with pneumonia and bilious secretions was diagnosed as having CBBF by means of a HIDA scan. Successful repair consisted of a right thoracotomy, high ligation of the fistula via an extrapleural approach, and cholecystography to confirm biliary drainage into the duodenum. The HIDA scan is a safe and efficient means to diagnose CBBF. When used in combination with surgical contrast studies, it provides clear delineation of all variations of this abnormality, enabling one-stage correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Egrari
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Liem TK, Krishnamoorthy M, Applebaum H, Kolata R, Rudd RG, Chen W. A comparison of the hemodynamic and ventilatory effects of abdominal insufflation with helium and carbon dioxide in young swine. J Pediatr Surg 1996; 31:297-300. [PMID: 8938364 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(96)90020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal CO2 insufflation has been shown to cause hypercarbia, acidemia, and decreased oxygenation in a pediatric animal model. Such metabolic derangements have prompted a search for alternative insufflation gases. This study compares the hemodynamic and ventilatory changes that occur during pneumoperitoneum with CO2 and helium. Four juvenile swine were intubated and given general anesthesia. Minute ventilation was adjusted to obtain a baseline Pco2 of between 32 and 36 mm Hg, and was kept constant for the duration of the experiment. The subjects initially were insufflated with CO2 or helium at a pressure of 10 mm Hg. Peak ventilatory pressure, end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) arterial pH, Pco2, Po2, and right atrial and inferior vena caval pressures were measured before and during a 1-hour insufflation period. After desufflation, Pco2 and pH were restabilized. The same parameters were then measured during reinsufflation with the alternate gas. CO2 insufflation caused significant decreases in pH, from 7.51 +/- 0.03 to 7.32 +/- 0.06, and Po2 increased from 261 +/- 49 to 189 +/- 33 mm Hg. Pco2 increased from 35.0 +/- 1.4 to 57.9 +/- 6.3 mm Hg. ETCO2 also increased, from 29.0 +/- 2.2 to 47.2 +/- 5.0 mm Hg. Helium insufflation caused pH to decrease from 7.51 +/- 0.01 to 7.42 +/- 0.04. Pco2 increased from 32.8 +/- 0.8 to 43.5 +/- 3.9 mm Hg, and ETCO2 increased from 27.8 +/- 0.5 to 36.8 +/- 3.1 mm Hg. These alterations were significantly less than those with CO2 pneumoperitoneum. Po2 decreased as well-from 266 +/- 30 to 212 +/- 21 mm Hg. During insufflation with both gases, peak ventilatory pressure and right atrial pressure increased significantly. Abdominal insufflation with CO2 or helium causes hypercarbia, acidemia, and increased ETCO2 in this juvenile animal model. These derangements are significantly less with helium. This gas may prove to be the more suitable insufflation agent for pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Liem
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Rowe VL, Krishnamoorthy M, Applebaum H. Operative treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in low birth weight infants. Am Surg 1995; 61:874-6. [PMID: 7668460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Operative correction of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been used frequently and successfully in both children and larger infants for many years. In contrast, surgical repair of GER has been applied relatively sparingly in very small infants because of perceived technical and postoperative difficulties. We retrospectively reviewed our experience with Nissen fundoplications performed for symptomatic GER in low birth weight (LBW) infants ( < or = 2500 grams the time of surgery). Twenty-one consecutive cases from 1988 to 1993 were evaluated. At the time of surgery, the average age was 9.1 weeks and the average weight was 2100 grams (range, 1220 to 2500 grams). All infants had failed a trial of medical management. Follow-up from 1 month to 5 years showed no intraoperative complications and resolution of symptoms in 91 per cent of our patients. Technical factors found to enhance the success of the operative repairs included appropriately sized dilators, division of the short gastric vessels, and a loose 360-degree wrap. With suitable technique, the surgical management of symptomatic GER can be performed safely in small infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Rowe
- Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Patel H, Krishnamoorthy M, Dorazio RA, Abu Dalu J, Humphrey R, Tyrell J. Thrombosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Am Surg 1994; 60:801-3. [PMID: 7944047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The usual complication of abdominal aortic aneurysms is rupture. Although thrombosis of peripheral aneurysms is common, thrombosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms is rare. Sudden thrombosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms constitutes a surgical emergency, with a mortality of 50 percent. The patient often presents with cool and mottled skin, and with severe pain from the umbilicus to the lower extremities. Femoral pulses are rarely present, and neurologic deficits below the level of occlusion are common. We reviewed four recent patients with thrombosed abdominal aortic aneurysms. They presented with a range of symptoms that included impotence, abdominal pain, lower extremity pain, coolness, and weakness. Angiography in three of the patients revealed complete occlusion of the aorta. The fourth patient did not undergo angiography because of hemodynamic instability. Three of the four patients underwent thrombectomy, aneurysmectomy, and bypass grafting. The other patient underwent axillofemoral bypass grafting in lieu of aneurysmectomy because of severe coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease. All patients did well postoperatively. Our limited experience suggests that prompt diagnosis and surgical management of patients with thrombosed aortic aneurysms can lead to a successful outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Patel
- Department of General Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90027
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Krishnamoorthy M, Mintz A, Liem T, Applebaum H. Diagnosis and treatment of respiratory symptoms of initially unsuspected gastroesophageal reflux in infants. Am Surg 1994; 60:783-5. [PMID: 7944042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants is most commonly thought of as repeated excessive vomiting and failure to thrive, with most infants responding favorably to medical therapy. However, GER may also manifest exclusively with a variety of respiratory symptoms that, if not detected and treated early, may lead to life-threatening complications. During the period of 1987 to 1992, 39 neonates and infants underwent Nissen fundoplication for the treatment of respiratory symptoms attributed to GER. Symptoms included apnea and bradycardia (64%), pneumonia (31%), cyanosis (28%), cough (18%), and stridor (15%). Most patients were ascribed at least one incorrect diagnosis to explain respiratory symptoms. These include apnea of prematurity (38%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (31%), asthma (8%), and subglottic stenosis (8%). All patients underwent a variety of investigations and medical treatments without noticeable clinical improvement. These included bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy, and polysomnograms. Treatment such as antibiotics, theophylline, bronchodilators, steroids, and oxygen were directed at presumed primary respiratory disease. On the other hand, H2 blockers, metoclopramide, positioning, and thickened feeds were prescribed to treat GER without objective evidence of disease. Ultimately, GER was demonstrated by upper gastrointestinal series in 64%, pH probe in 61%, and both studies in 38%. All patients underwent Nissen fundoplication after failed attempts at medical therapy. A total of 95% of patients had resolution or substantial improvement of respiratory symptoms postoperatively. Preoperative hospitalization averaged 37.0 days, and postoperative stay averaged only 14.2 days. We present a series of patients with GER, all of whom presented with respiratory symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Krishnamoorthy M, Molholt P, Nagy G, Seth S, Viswanathan M. Tools for a Document Image Utility. Library Hi Tech 1993. [DOI: 10.1108/eb047896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Viswanathan M, Krishnamoorthy M, Gasper D. A comparative study of the obstetrical history in diabetic and non-diabetic women. Indian J Med Sci 1966; 20:80-4. [PMID: 5909509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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