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Panidi K, Vorobiova AN, Feurra M, Klucharev V. Posterior parietal cortex is causally involved in reward valuation but not in probability weighting during risky choice. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad446. [PMID: 38011084 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides evidence that the posterior parietal cortex is causally involved in risky decision making via the processing of reward values but not reward probabilities. In the within-group experimental design, participants performed a binary lottery choice task following transcranial magnetic stimulation of the right posterior parietal cortex, left posterior parietal cortex, and a right posterior parietal cortex sham (placebo) stimulation. The continuous theta-burst stimulation protocol supposedly downregulating the cortical excitability was used. Both, mean-variance and the prospect theory approach to risky choice showed that the posterior parietal cortex stimulation shifted participants toward greater risk aversion compared with sham. On the behavioral level, after the posterior parietal cortex stimulation, the likelihood of choosing a safer option became more sensitive to the difference in standard deviations between lotteries, compared with sham, indicating greater risk avoidance within the mean-variance framework. We also estimated the shift in prospect theory parameters of risk preferences after posterior parietal cortex stimulation. The hierarchical Bayesian approach showed moderate evidence for a credible change in risk aversion parameter toward lower marginal reward value (and, hence, lower risk tolerance), while no credible change in probability weighting was observed. In addition, we observed anecdotal evidence for a credible increase in the consistency of responses after the left posterior parietal cortex stimulation compared with sham.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Panidi
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, ul. Myasnitskaya 20, Moscow 101000, Russian Federation
| | - Alicia N Vorobiova
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, ul. Myasnitskaya 20, Moscow 101000, Russian Federation
| | - Matteo Feurra
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, ul. Myasnitskaya 20, Moscow 101000, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily Klucharev
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, ul. Myasnitskaya 20, Moscow 101000, Russian Federation
- Graduate School of Business, HSE University, ul. Shabolovka, 26, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
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2
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Martín-Luengo B, Vorobiova AN, Feurra M, Myachykov A, Shtyrov Y. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left middle frontal gyrus modulates the information people communicate in different social contexts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9995. [PMID: 37340041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neocortical structures of the left frontal lobe, middle frontal gyrus (MFG) in particular, have been suggested to be linked to the processing of punishing and unpleasant outcomes in decision tasks. To assess the role of left MFG (lMFG) in communicative decisions, we used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to inhibit its function during communicational exchanges under two types of social contexts: formal and informal. Three groups of participants received an offline 1-Hz inhibitory rTMS of lMFG, right MFG as an active control site, or lMFG sham/placebo TMS as a passive control condition. Participants' task included answering difficult general-knowledge questions, rating their confidence in their answers' correctness, and, finally, deciding if they would report or withhold these answers in formal and informal social contexts. There were significantly more reported than withheld answers in the informal context in all groups. The formal context showed no differences between reported and withheld answers in both control conditions, while, crucially, real rTMS of lMFG produced a different pattern, with more withheld than reported answers. Thus, lMFG inhibition seems to result in more rational decisions made only in formal communication contexts, where there is a perception of a certain pressure or possible negative outcomes. In informal social contexts and in the absence of negative consequences the pattern of answers did not change, regardless of the reporting strategy or the TMS protocol used. These results suggest selective context-dependent involvement of the lMFG in decision-making processes during communicational exchanges taking place under social pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martín-Luengo
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, 101000.
| | - Alicia Nunez Vorobiova
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - Matteo Feurra
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - Andriy Myachykov
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, 101000
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yury Shtyrov
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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3
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Nieto-Doval C, Ragimova A, Feurra M. In search of an optimal transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol for the study of mirror neurons: a comparative of stimuli presentations and temporal dynamics. Brain Stimul 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.01.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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4
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Vlasov A, Kuzmina L, Petraikin A, Feurra M. Non-invasive Brain Stimulation with a Monophasic TMS Pulse: A Pilot Study of BDNF (rs6265) and COMT (rs4680) Gene Polymorphisms. Brain Stimul 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.01.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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5
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Djurdjevic V, Feurra M. The influence of menstrual cycle on the indexes of cortical excitability. Brain Stimul 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.01.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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6
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Bolgina T, Somashekarappa V, Cappa SF, Cherkasova Z, Feurra M, Malyutina S, Sapuntsova A, Shtyrov Y, Dragoy O. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation modulates action naming over the left but not right inferior frontal gyrus. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2797-2808. [PMID: 36194276 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
fMRI language mapping studies report right-hemispheric contribution to language in healthy individuals. However, it remains unclear whether these right-hemispheric patterns of activity are critical for language, which is highly relevant for clinical preoperative language mapping. The available findings are controversial. In this study, we first measured individual patterns of language lateralization with an fMRI language localizer in healthy participants with different handedness (N = 31). Then, the same participants received rTMS over the individual coordinates of peak fMRI-based activation in the left and right inferior frontal gyri. During rTMS, participants performed a picture naming task. It included both objects and actions to test whether naming of nouns and verbs would be equally modulated by rTMS. Stimulation of the left inferior frontal gyrus resulted in accuracy facilitation of verb production regardless of individual language lateralization. No modulation of object naming was found at any stimulation site in terms of accuracy nor reaction time. This study causally confirmed the critical contribution of the left, but not the right hemisphere to verb production regardless of the language lateralization patterns observed with fMRI. Also, the results stress that action rather than object naming is the task of choice for mapping language in the frontal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Bolgina
- Centre for Brain and Language, HSE University, 3 Krivokolenny pereulok, Moscow, Russia, 101000.
| | - Vidya Somashekarappa
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - Stefano F Cappa
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience Centre, Institute of Advanced Study, Pavia, Italy
| | - Zoya Cherkasova
- Centre for Brain and Language, HSE University, 3 Krivokolenny pereulok, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - Matteo Feurra
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - Svetlana Malyutina
- Centre for Brain and Language, HSE University, 3 Krivokolenny pereulok, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | | | - Yury Shtyrov
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, 101000.,Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Olga Dragoy
- Centre for Brain and Language, HSE University, 3 Krivokolenny pereulok, Moscow, Russia, 101000.,Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
Recent technological advances in the field of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) have allowed to interact with endogenous brain oscillatory activity, the main neural communication code of our brain, opening new scenarios for transient modifications of cognitive and behavioral performances: such a possibility can be capitalized both for research purposes in healthy subjects, as well as in the context of therapeutic and rehabilitative settings. Among NiBS methodologies, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been the first used to this purpose, and also thanks to the technical development of TMS-EEG co-registering systems, the mechanistic knowledge regarding the role of brain oscillations has been improved. Another approach to brain oscillations considers electric stimulation methods, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and especially transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), for which -however- some technical and conceptual caveats have emerged. In this chapter, we briefly review the uses of NiBS in this field up to now, by providing an update on the current status of research applications as well as of its attempts of exploitation in translational clinical applications, especially regarding motor disorders and for understanding and reducing some psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rossi
- Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matteo Feurra
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Vlasov A, Feurra M, Djurdjevic V. Single gene polymorphisms as a predictor of noninvasive brain stimulation effectiveness (commentary on Pellegrini et al, 2021). Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:892-894. [PMID: 34981588 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Vlasov
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Higher School of Economics, National Research University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Higher School of Economics, National Research University, Moscow, Russia.,Medical and Biological Research Laboratory, Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health (FSBS IRIOH), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Matteo Feurra
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Higher School of Economics, National Research University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Higher School of Economics, National Research University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Djurdjevic
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Higher School of Economics, National Research University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Higher School of Economics, National Research University, Moscow, Russia
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Rossi A, Feurra M, Rossi S, Santarnecchi E, Ginanneschi F. Impact of β-range-induced oscillatory activity on human input-output relationship of the corticospinal pathway. Neurol Res 2021; 43:496-502. [PMID: 33441044 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1870358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to show that short-lasting (90 s) transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 20 Hz delivered over the left primary motor cortex (M1) is able to change the shape of recruitment curve of the corticospinal pathway.Methods: The corticospinal pathway was studied during tACS by means of the relationship between the intensity of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered over the left M1 and corresponding motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from the right first dorsal interosseus muscle (FDI), in nine healthy subjects. In order to extract characteristics of the input-output relationship that have particular physiological relevance, data were fitted to the Boltzmann sigmoidal function by the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear, least mean squares algorithm.Results: The β-rhythm tACS influenced the shape and parameters of the input-output relation, so that the initial segment of the conditioned curve (from threshold to 30% of maximum muscle size) diverged, while the subsequent segment converged to overlap the unconditioned control curve.Discussion: β-rhythm tACS conditions only a definite subset of corticospinal elements influencing less than 30% of the entire motoneuronal pool. The fact that β-rhythm tACS mainly affects the most excitable motoneurons could explain the observed antikinetic effect of the tACS at β-rhythm applied in the motor regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Neurological Sciences, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-bin Lab), University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Feurra
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Simone Rossi
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Neurological Sciences, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-bin Lab), University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Neurological Sciences, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-bin Lab), University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federica Ginanneschi
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Neurological Sciences, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-bin Lab), University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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10
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Petrovskaya A, Kirillov B, Asmolova A, Galli G, Feurra M, Medvedeva A. Examining the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on human episodic memory with machine learning. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235179. [PMID: 33296363 PMCID: PMC7725363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to replicate a published effect of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS)-induced recognition enhancement over the human ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and analyse the data with machine learning. We investigated effects over an adjacent region, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). In total, we analyzed data from 97 participants after exclusions. We found weak or absent effects over the VLPFC and DLPFC. We conducted machine learning studies to examine the effects of semantic and phonetic features on memorization, which revealed no effect of VLPFC tDCS on the original dataset or the current data. The highest contributing factor to memory performance was individual differences in memory not explained by word features, tDCS group, or sample size, while semantic, phonetic, and orthographic word characteristics did not contribute significantly. To our knowledge, this is the first tDCS study to investigate cognitive effects with machine learning, and future studies may benefit from studying physiological as well as cognitive effects with data-driven approaches and computational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Petrovskaya
- Psychology Department, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Bogdan Kirillov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Anastasiya Asmolova
- Psychology Department, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Giulia Galli
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Feurra
- Psychology Department, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Angela Medvedeva
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Feurra M, Blagovechtchenski E, Nikulin VV, Nazarova M, Lebedeva A, Pozdeeva D, Yurevich M, Rossi S. Author Correction: State-Dependent Effects of Transcranial Oscillatory Currents on the Motor System during Action Observation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18046. [PMID: 31772256 PMCID: PMC6879624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feurra
- National Research University, Higher School of Economics, 101000, Moscow, Russia. .,Centre for Cognition and Decision making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University, Higher School of Economics, 101000, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evgeny Blagovechtchenski
- Centre for Cognition and Decision making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University, Higher School of Economics, 101000, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V Nikulin
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Centre for Cognition and Decision making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University, Higher School of Economics, 101000, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Nazarova
- National Research University, Higher School of Economics, 101000, Moscow, Russia.,Centre for Cognition and Decision making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University, Higher School of Economics, 101000, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daria Pozdeeva
- National Research University, Higher School of Economics, 101000, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Yurevich
- National Research University, Higher School of Economics, 101000, Moscow, Russia
| | - Simone Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab.), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology and Section of Human Physiology, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
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Ermolova M, Belyaeva V, Novikov N, Gutkin B, Feurra M, Fedele T. Changes in neuronal oscillations account for working memory dynamics: EEG-tACS study. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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13
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Feurra M, Blagoveshchensky E, Nikulin V, Nazarova M, Lebedeva A, Pozdeeva D, Yurevich M, Rossi S. State-dependent effects of transcranial oscillatory currents on the motor system during action observation. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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14
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Pozdniakov I, Gorina E, Feurra M. Transcranial alternating current stimulation of the primary motor cortex: intensity effects. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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15
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Lanina AA, Feurra M, Gorbunova ES. No Effect of the Right Posterior Parietal Cortex tDCS in Dual-Target Visual Search. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2112. [PMID: 30483172 PMCID: PMC6240658 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
“Subsequent search misses” represent a decrease in accuracy at detecting a second target in a visual search task. In this study, we tested the possibility to modulate this effect via inhibition of the right posterior parietal cortex trough transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The target stimuli were T-shapes presented among L-shaped distractors. The participant’s task was to detect targets or to report their absence. For each trial, targets could be represented by one high-salient target, one low-salient target, two different targets (one high salient and one low salient), two high salient targets, two low salient targets, or no targets at all (catch-trials). Offline tDCS was applied over the right (target site) or left (control site) posterior parietal cortex. Sham stimulation over the right posterior parietal cortex was included as a control (placebo). Stimulation lasted for 10 min. Afterward, participants were asked to perform the experiment. Our findings suggest that stimulation did not modulate any of the task conditions, suggesting potential limitation of the study: either tDCS was not enough powerful to modulate the task performance or the task was too easy to be modulated by stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyona A Lanina
- Laboratory of Digital Interface User's Cognitive Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matteo Feurra
- Centre for Cognition & Decision Making, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S Gorbunova
- Laboratory of Digital Interface User's Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Galli G, Vadillo MA, Sirota M, Feurra M, Medvedeva A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on episodic memory. Brain Stimul 2018; 12:231-241. [PMID: 30503376 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decade, several studies have examined the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on long-term episodic memory formation and retrieval. These studies yielded conflicting results, likely due to differences in stimulation parameters, experimental design and outcome measures. OBJECTIVES In this work we aimed to assess the robustness of tDCS effects on long-term episodic memory using a meta-analytical approach. METHODS We conducted four meta-analyses to analyse the effects of anodal and cathodal tDCS on memory accuracy and response times. We also used a moderator analysis to examine whether the size of tDCS effects varied as a function of specific stimulation parameters and experimental conditions. RESULTS Although all selected studies reported a significant effect of tDCS in at least one condition in the published paper, the results of the four meta-analyses showed only statistically non-significant close-to-zero effects. A moderator analysis suggested that for anodal tDCS, the duration of the stimulation and the task used to probe memory moderated the effectiveness of tDCS. For cathodal tDCS, site of stimulation was a significant moderator, although this result was based on only a few observations. CONCLUSIONS To warrant theoretical advancement and practical implications, more rigorous research is needed to fully understand whether tDCS reliably modulates episodic memory, and the specific circumstances under which this modulation does, and does not, occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Galli
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston Upon Thames, KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
| | - Miguel A Vadillo
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miroslav Sirota
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Feurra
- School of Psychology, Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000, Moscow, Armyanskiy per. 4, c2, Russian Federation
| | - Angela Medvedeva
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston Upon Thames, KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
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Malyutina S, Zelenkova V, Buivolova O, Oosterhuis EJ, Zmanovsky N, Feurra M. Modulating the interhemispheric balance in healthy participants with transcranial direct current stimulation: No significant effects on word or sentence processing. Brain Lang 2018; 186:60-66. [PMID: 30286319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Patient studies and brain stimulation evidence suggest that language processing can be enhanced by altering the interhemispheric balance: namely, preferentially enhancing left-hemisphere activity while suppressing right-hemisphere activity. To our knowledge, no study has yet compared the effects of such bilateral brain stimulation to both logically necessary control conditions (separate left- and right-hemisphere stimulation). This study did so in a between-group sham-controlled design, applying transcranial direct current stimulation over Broca's area and/or its homologue in 72 healthy participants. The effects were measured not only in a single-word-level task but also in a sentence-level task, rarely tested previously. We did not find either any significant overall effects of stimulation or greater stimulation effects in the bilateral compared to control groups. This null result, obtained in a large sample, contributes to the debate on whether tDCS can modulate language processing in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Malyutina
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Valeriya Zelenkova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Buivolova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Nikita Zmanovsky
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Matteo Feurra
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
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18
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Fusco G, Scandola M, Feurra M, Pavone EF, Rossi S, Aglioti SM. Midfrontal theta transcranial alternating current stimulation modulates behavioural adjustment after error execution. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:3159-3170. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Fusco
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Rome “Sapienza” Rome Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa LuciaIRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Michele Scandola
- NPSY.Lab‐VrDepartment of Human SciencesUniversity of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Matteo Feurra
- School of PsychologyCentre for Cognition and Decision MakingNational Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow Russia
| | - Enea F. Pavone
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Rome “Sapienza” Rome Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa LuciaIRCCS Rome Italy
- Braintrends ltd, Applied Neuroscience Rome Italy
| | - Simone Rossi
- Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation LabDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, and Human Physiology SectionSiena University Siena Italy
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Shpektor A, Nazarova M, Feurra M. Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28994763 DOI: 10.3791/55839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is a neuromodulatory technique able to act through sinusoidal electrical waveforms in a specific frequency and in turn modulate ongoing cortical oscillatory activity. This neurotool allows the establishment of a causal link between endogenous oscillatory activity and behavior. Most of the tACS studies have shown online effects of tACS. However, little is known about the underlying action mechanisms of this technique because of the AC-induced artifacts on Electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Here we show a unique approach to investigate online physiological frequency-specific effects of tACS of the primary motor cortex (M1) by using single pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to probe cortical excitability changes. In our setup, the TMS coil is placed over the tACS electrode while Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs) are collected to test the effects of the ongoing M1-tACS. So far, this approach has mainly been used to study the visual and motor systems. However, the current tACS-TMS setup can pave the way for future investigations of cognitive functions. Therefore, we provide a step-by-step manual and video guidelines for the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shpektor
- School of Psychology, Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford
| | - Maria Nazarova
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics
| | - Matteo Feurra
- School of Psychology, Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab. (Si-BIN Lab), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena;
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Vorobiova A, Shpektor A, Feurra M. Continuous theta-burst stimulation of medial prefrontal cortex enhances schema-linked encoding. Brain Stimul 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.01.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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21
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Galli G, Feurra M, Pavone EF, Sirota M, Rossi S. Dynamic changes in prefrontal cortex involvement during verbal episodic memory formation. Biol Psychol 2017; 125:36-44. [PMID: 28238886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
During encoding, the neural activity immediately before or during an event can predict whether that event will be later remembered. The contribution of brain activity immediately after an event to memory formation is however less known. Here, we used repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) to investigate the temporal dynamics of episodic memory encoding with a focus on post-stimulus time intervals. At encoding, rTMS was applied during the online processing of the word, at its offset, or 100, 200, 300 or 400ms thereafter. rTMS was delivered to the left ventrolateral (VLPFC) or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). VLPFC rTMS during the first few hundreds of milliseconds after word offset disrupted subsequent recognition accuracy. We did not observe effects of DLPFC rTMS at any time point. These results suggest that encoding-related VLPFC engagement starts at a relatively late processing stage, and may reflect brain processes related to the offset of the stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Galli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-Bin), University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Department of Psychology, Kingston University, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Matteo Feurra
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-Bin), University of Siena, Siena, Italy; School of Psychology, Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russian Federation
| | | | - Miroslav Sirota
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-Bin), University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Human Physiology Section, University of Siena, Italy
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22
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Vukovic N, Feurra M, Shpektor A, Myachykov A, Shtyrov Y. Primary motor cortex functionally contributes to language comprehension: An online rTMS study. Neuropsychologia 2017; 96:222-229. [PMID: 28122198 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Among various questions pertinent to grounding human cognitive functions in a neurobiological substrate, the association between language and motor brain structures is a particularly debated one in neuroscience and psychology. While many studies support a broadly distributed model of language and semantics grounded, among other things, in the general modality-specific systems, theories disagree as to whether motor and sensory cortex activity observed during language processing is functional or epiphenomenal. Here, we assessed the role of motor areas in linguistic processing by investigating the responses of 28 healthy volunteers to different word types in semantic and lexical decision tasks, following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of primary motor cortex. We found that early rTMS (delivered within 200ms of word onset) produces a left-lateralised and meaning-specific change in reaction speed, slowing down behavioural responses to action-related words, and facilitating abstract words - an effect present only during semantic, but not lexical, decision. We interpret these data in light of action-perception theory of language, bolstering the claim that motor cortical areas play a functional role in language comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Vukovic
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Center for Cognition and Decision Making, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Matteo Feurra
- Center for Cognition and Decision Making, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Shpektor
- Center for Cognition and Decision Making, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andriy Myachykov
- Center for Cognition and Decision Making, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yury Shtyrov
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Center for Cognition and Decision Making, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation; Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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23
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Feurra M, Galli G, Pavone EF, Rossi A, Rossi S. Frequency-specific insight into short-term memory capacity. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:153-8. [PMID: 27121583 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01080.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The digit span is one of the most widely used memory tests in clinical and experimental neuropsychology for reliably measuring short-term memory capacity. In the forward version, sequences of digits of increasing length have to be reproduced in the order in which they are presented, whereas in the backward version items must be reproduced in the reversed order. Here, we assessed whether transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) increases the memory span for digits of young and midlife adults. Imperceptibly weak electrical currents in the alpha (10 Hz), beta (20 Hz), theta (5 Hz), and gamma (40 Hz) range, as well as a sham stimulation, were delivered over the left posterior parietal cortex, a cortical region thought to sustain maintenance processes in short-term memory through oscillatory brain activity in the beta range. We showed a frequency-specific effect of beta-tACS that robustly increased the forward memory span of young, but not middle-aged, healthy individuals. The effect correlated with age: the younger the subjects, the greater the benefit arising from parietal beta stimulation. Our results provide evidence of a short-term memory capacity improvement in young adults by online frequency-specific tACS application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feurra
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory (Si-BIN Lab), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy; School of Psychology, Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia;
| | - Giulia Galli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory (Si-BIN Lab), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, United Kingdom; and
| | - Enea Francesco Pavone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory (Si-BIN Lab), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory (Si-BIN Lab), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory (Si-BIN Lab), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy
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Galli G, Santarnecchi E, Feurra M, Bonifazi M, Rossi S, Paulus MP, Rossi A. Individual and sex-related differences in pain and relief responsiveness are associated with differences in resting-state functional networks in healthy volunteers. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 43:486-93. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Galli
- Department of Psychology; Kingston University; Penrhyn Road Kingston Upon Thames Surrey KT1 2EE London UK
- Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e Neurosensoriali Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese; Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-Bin Lab); Siena Italy
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e Neurosensoriali Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese; Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-Bin Lab); Siena Italy
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard University; Boston MA USA
| | - Matteo Feurra
- Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e Neurosensoriali Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese; Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-Bin Lab); Siena Italy
- School of Psychology; Centre for Cognition and Decision Making; National Research University; Higher School of Economics; Moscow Russia
| | - Marco Bonifazi
- Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e Neurosensoriali Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese; Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-Bin Lab); Siena Italy
| | - Simone Rossi
- Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e Neurosensoriali Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese; Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-Bin Lab); Siena Italy
| | - Martin P. Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research; Tulsa OK USA
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System; San Diego CA USA
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e Neurosensoriali Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese; Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-Bin Lab); Siena Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche; Chirurgiche e Neuroscienze; Università di Siena; Italy
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Shpektor A, Bartrés-Faz D, Feurra M. Commentary: Duration-dependent effects of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on anodal tDCS induced motor cortex plasticity in older adults: a group and individual perspective. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:183. [PMID: 26441642 PMCID: PMC4585066 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shpektor
- School of Psychology, Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow, Russia
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matteo Feurra
- School of Psychology, Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow, Russia ; Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation laboratory (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Siena Siena, Italy
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26
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Caliandro P, Padua L, Rossi A, Rossini PM, Stalberg E, Feurra M, Ulivelli M, Bartalini S, Giannini F, Rossi S. Jitter of Corticospinal Neurons During Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Method and Possible Clinical Implications. Brain Stimul 2014; 7:580-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Santarnecchi E, Feurra M, Barneschi F, Acampa M, Bianco G, Cioncoloni D, Rossi A, Rossi S. Time Course of Corticospinal Excitability and Autonomic Function Interplay during and Following Monopolar tDCS. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:86. [PMID: 25101009 PMCID: PMC4104833 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While polarity-specific after-effects of monopolar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on corticospinal excitability are well-documented, modulation of vital parameters due to current spread through the brainstem is still a matter of debate, raising potential concerns about its use through the general public, as well as for neurorehabilitation purposes. We monitored online and after-effects of monopolar tDCS (primary motor cortex) in 10 healthy subjects by adopting a neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)/tDCS combined protocol. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) together with vital parameters [e.g., blood pressure, heart-rate variability (HRV), and sympathovagal balance] were recorded and monitored before, during, and after anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS. Ten MEPs, every 2.5-min time windows, were recorded from the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI), while 5-min epochs were used to record vital parameters. The protocol included 15 min of pre-tDCS and of online tDCS (anodal, cathodal, or sham). After-effects were recorded for 30 min. We showed a polarity-independent stabilization of cortical excitability level, a polarity-specific after-effect for cathodal and anodal stimulation, and an absence of persistent excitability changes during online stimulation. No significant effects on vital parameters emerged both during and after tDCS, while a linear increase in systolic/diastolic blood pressure and HRV was observed during each tDCS condition, as a possible unspecific response to experimental demands. Taken together, current findings provide new insights on the safety of monopolar tDCS, promoting its application both in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena , Siena , Italy ; Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Matteo Feurra
- Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena , Siena , Italy ; Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Federico Barneschi
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Maurizio Acampa
- U.O.C. Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Le Scotte Policlinic , Siena , Italy
| | - Giovanni Bianco
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - David Cioncoloni
- Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena , Siena , Italy ; Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Simone Rossi
- Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena , Siena , Italy ; Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
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Giovannelli F, Innocenti I, Feurra M, Santarnecchi E, Borgheresi A, Sordo ED, Ragazzoni A, Zaccara G, Viggiano M, Rossi S, Cincotta M. 140. Effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on spontaneous motor tempo and sensorimotor synchronization: Preliminary data. Clin Neurophysiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.06.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ragazzoni A, Pirulli C, Veniero D, Feurra M, Cincotta M, Giovannelli F, Chiaramonti R, Lino M, Rossi S, Miniussi C. 30. Vegetative versus minimally conscious states: A study using TMS-EEG, sensory and event-related potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Feurra M, Pasqualetti P, Bianco G, Santarnecchi E, Rossi A, Rossi S. P 154. State dependent effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation of the motor system: What you think matters. Clin Neurophysiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.04.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rossi S, Santarnecchi E, Godone M, Polizzotto N, Giovannelli F, Feurra M, Rossi A. IS 47. Frequency-dependent boosting of fluid intelligence during weak prefrontal alternate current stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Santarnecchi E, Polizzotto NR, Godone M, Giovannelli F, Feurra M, Matzen L, Rossi A, Rossi S. Frequency-dependent enhancement of fluid intelligence induced by transcranial oscillatory potentials. Curr Biol 2013; 23:1449-53. [PMID: 23891115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Everyday problem solving requires the ability to go beyond experience by efficiently encoding and manipulating new information, i.e., fluid intelligence (Gf) [1]. Performance in tasks involving Gf, such as logical and abstract reasoning, has been shown to rely on distributed neural networks, with a crucial role played by prefrontal regions [2]. Synchronization of neuronal activity in the gamma band is a ubiquitous phenomenon within the brain; however, no evidence of its causal involvement in cognition exists to date [3]. Here, we show an enhancement of Gf ability in a cognitive task induced by exogenous rhythmic stimulation within the gamma band. Imperceptible alternating current [4] delivered through the scalp over the left middle frontal gyrus resulted in a frequency-specific shortening of the time required to find the correct solution in a visuospatial abstract reasoning task classically employed to measure Gf abilities (i.e., Raven's matrices) [5]. Crucially, gamma-band stimulation (γ-tACS) selectively enhanced performance only on more complex trials involving conditional/logical reasoning. The present finding supports a direct involvement of gamma oscillatory activity in the mechanisms underlying higher-order human cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Innocenti I, Cappa SF, Feurra M, Giovannelli F, Santarnecchi E, Bianco G, Cincotta M, Rossi S. TMS interference with primacy and recency mechanisms reveals bimodal episodic encoding in the human brain. J Cogn Neurosci 2013. [PMID: 23198892 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A classic finding of the psychology of memory is the "serial position effect." Immediate free recall of a word list is more efficient for items presented early (primacy effect) or late (recency effect), with respect to those in the middle. In an event-related, randomized block design, we interfered with the encoding of unrelated words lists with brief trains of repetitive TMS (rTMS), applied coincidently with the acoustic presentation of each word to the left dorsolateral pFC, the left intraparietal lobe, and a control site (vertex). Interference of rTMS with encoding produced a clear-cut double dissociation on accuracy during immediate free recall. The primacy effect was selectively worsened by rTMS of the dorsolateral pFC, whereas recency was selectively worsened by rTMS of the intraparietal lobe. These results are in agreement with the double dissociation between short-term and long-term memory observed in neuropsychological patients and provide direct evidence of distinct cortical mechanisms of encoding in the human brain.
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Bianco G, Feurra M, Fadiga L, Rossi A, Rossi S. Bi-hemispheric effects on corticospinal excitability induced by repeated sessions of imagery versus observation of actions. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2013; 30:481-9. [PMID: 22850360 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-2012-120241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether repeated sessions of motor imagery and action observation modulate corticospinal excitability (CE) over time, whether these processes are susceptible of any training effect and if such effect might be different for the dominant and non dominant hemisphere. METHODS 11 subjects underwent three sessions, spaced 5-7 days, of single-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) of right and left primary motor cortex. Subjects were asked to imagine or observe pinch-grip actions with either hand. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded bilaterally from the First Dorsal Interosseus muscle (FDI), acting as main agonist during precision grip. RESULTS Motor imagery consistently enhanced CE with respect to action observation, regardless of hemispheric lateralization and of separate testing sessions. However, motor imagery increased CE only when measured over the non-dominant hemisphere, during the third session with respect to the first one. The increase of CE induced by action observation in the first session was not further modified throughout the remaining two sessions, in either hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that motor imagery is sustained by a cortical network susceptible to training effects only for the non-dominant hemisphere. Such an effect was lacking for action observation, likely because of the innateness of these mechanisms. Results might have implications for rehabilitative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bianco
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione Neurologia and Neurofisiologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
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35
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Ragazzoni A, Pirulli C, Veniero D, Feurra M, Cincotta M, Giovannelli F, Chiaramonti R, Lino M, Rossi S, Miniussi C. Vegetative versus minimally conscious states: a study using TMS-EEG, sensory and event-related potentials. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57069. [PMID: 23460826 PMCID: PMC3584112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential diagnoses between vegetative and minimally conscious states (VS and MCS, respectively) are frequently incorrect. Hence, further research is necessary to improve the diagnostic accuracy at the bedside. The main neuropathological feature of VS is the diffuse damage of cortical and subcortical connections. Starting with this premise, we used electroencephalography (EEG) recordings to evaluate the cortical reactivity and effective connectivity during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in chronic VS or MCS patients. Moreover, the TMS-EEG data were compared with the results from standard somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) and event-related potentials (ERPs). Thirteen patients with chronic consciousness disorders were examined at their bedsides. A group of healthy volunteers served as the control group. The amplitudes (reactivity) and scalp distributions (connectivity) of the cortical potentials evoked by TMS (TEPs) of the primary motor cortex were measured. Short-latency median nerve SEPs and auditory ERPs were also recorded. Reproducible TEPs were present in all control subjects in both the ipsilateral and the contralateral hemispheres relative to the site of the TMS. The amplitudes of the ipsilateral and contralateral TEPs were reduced in four of the five MCS patients, and the TEPs were bilaterally absent in one MCS patient. Among the VS patients, five did not manifest ipsilateral or contralateral TEPs, and three of the patients exhibited only ipsilateral TEPs with reduced amplitudes. The SEPs were altered in five VS and two MCS patients but did not correlate with the clinical diagnosis. The ERPs were impaired in all patients and did not correlate with the clinical diagnosis. These TEP results suggest that cortical reactivity and connectivity are severely impaired in all VS patients, whereas in most MCS patients, the TEPs are preserved but with abnormal features. Therefore, TEPs may add valuable information to the current clinical and neurophysiological assessment of chronic consciousness disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Ragazzoni
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail: (AR); (CM)
| | - Cornelia Pirulli
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenica Veniero
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Feurra
- Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, Department of Neurological and Neurosensorial Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Cincotta
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Giovannelli
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Chiaramonti
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Lino
- Rehabilitation Centre Villa alle Terme, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Rossi
- Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, Department of Neurological and Neurosensorial Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- * E-mail: (AR); (CM)
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Feurra M, Galli G, Rossi S. Transcranial alternating current stimulation affects decision making. Front Syst Neurosci 2012; 6:39. [PMID: 22654737 PMCID: PMC3360236 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2012.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feurra
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte Siena, Italy
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Feurra M, Bianco G, Polizzotto NR, Innocenti I, Rossi A, Rossi S. Cortico-Cortical Connectivity between Right Parietal and Bilateral Primary Motor Cortices during Imagined and Observed Actions: A Combined TMS/tDCS Study. Front Neural Circuits 2011; 5:10. [PMID: 21909322 PMCID: PMC3163809 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2011.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies showed functional connections between the parietal cortex (PC) and the primary motor cortex (M1) during tasks of different reaching-to-grasp movements. Here, we tested whether the same network is involved in cognitive processes such as imagined or observed actions. Single pulse TMS of the right and left M1 during rest and during a motor imagery and an action observation task (i.e., an index-thumb pinch grip in both cases) was used to measure corticospinal excitability changes before and after conditioning of the right PC by 10 min of cathodal, anodal, or sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Corticospinal excitability was indexed by the size of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) from the contralateral first dorsal interosseous (FDI; target) and abductor digiti minimi muscle (control) muscles. Results showed selective ipsilateral effects on the M1 excitability, exclusively for motor imagery processes: anodal tDCS enhanced the MEPs' size from the FDI muscle, whereas cathodal tDCS decreased it. Only cathodal tDCS impacted corticospinal facilitation induced by action observation. Sham stimulation was always uneffective. These results suggest that motor imagery, differently from action observation, is sustained by a strictly ipsilateral parieto-motor cortex circuits. Results might have implication for neuromodulatory rehabilitative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feurra
- Sezione Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese Policlinico le Scotte, Siena, Italy
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Feurra M, Bianco G, Del Testa M, Santarnecchi E, Rossi A, Rossi S. P14.21 Frequency-dependent tuning of human motor system induced by transcranial oscillatory potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rossi S, Giovannelli F, Cincotta M, Feurra M, Polizzotto N, Bianco G, Cappa S, Innocenti I. S4.2 Event-related rTMS at encoding affects differently deep and shallow memory traces. Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Pirulli C, Ragazzoni A, Veniero D, Rossi S, Feurra M, Cincotta M, Giovannelli F, Chiaromonti R, Lino M, Miniussi C. P26.6 Functional cortical connectivity in vegetative state and minimally conscious state: an investigation by transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potential. Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Abstract
Oscillatory neuronal activities are commonly observed in response to sensory stimulation. However, their functional roles are still the subject of debate. One-way to probe the roles of oscillatory neural activities is to deliver alternating current to the cortex at biologically relevant frequencies and examine whether such stimulation influences perception and cognition. In this study, we tested whether transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) could elicit tactile sensations in humans in a frequency-dependent manner. We tested the effectiveness of tACS over SI at frequency bands ranging from 2 to 70 Hz. Our results show that stimulation in alpha (10–14 Hz) and high gamma (52–70 Hz) frequency range produces a tactile sensation in the contralateral hand. A weaker effect was also observed for beta (16–20 Hz) stimulation. These findings highlight the frequency dependency of effective tACS over SI with the effective frequencies corresponding to those observed in previous electroencephalography/magnetoencephalography studies of tactile perception. Our present study suggests that tACS could be used as a powerful online stimulation technique to reveal the causal roles of oscillatory brain activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feurra
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University College London London, UK
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Bianco G, Feurra M, Fadiga L, Rossi A, Rossi S. P29-16 Are motor imagery and action observations innate or learned mechanisms? A single-pulse TMS study. Clin Neurophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(10)61132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rossi S, Innocenti I, Giovannelli F, Cincotta M, Feurra M, Polizzotto N, Bianco G, Cappa S. P29-14 Event-related rTMS at encoding affects differently deep and shallow memory traces. Clin Neurophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(10)61130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Giovannelli F, Silingardi D, Borgheresi A, Feurra M, Moncini E, Amati G, Pizzorusso T, Viggiano M, Zaccara G, Berardi N, Cincotta M. P29-15 Involvement of the parietal cortex in perceptual learning (Eureka effect): an interference approach using rTMS. Clin Neurophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(10)61131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Innocenti I, Giovannelli F, Cincotta M, Feurra M, Polizzotto NR, Bianco G, Cappa SF, Rossi S. Event-related rTMS at encoding affects differently deep and shallow memory traces. Neuroimage 2010; 53:325-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Rossi S, Innocenti I, Polizzotto NR, Feurra M, De Capua A, Ulivelli M, Bartalini S, Cappa SF. Temporal Dynamics of Memory Trace Formation in the Human Prefrontal Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2010; 21:368-73. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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47
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Fuggetta G, Silvanto J, Muggleton N, Pavone E, Feurra M, Sartori L, Marzi C, Walsh V. Electrophysiological evidence for the role of extrastriate visual cortex in visual awareness. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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48
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Feurra M, Fuggetta G, Rossi S, Walsh V. The role of the left inferior frontal gyrus in episodic encoding of faces: An interference study by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Cogn Neurosci 2010; 1:118-25. [PMID: 24168278 DOI: 10.1080/17588921003660736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research on face recognition, only a few studies have examined the integration of perceptual features with semantic, biographical, and episodic information. In order to address this issue, we used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to target the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the left occipital face area (OFA) during a face recognition task. rTMS was delivered during the encoding of "context" faces (i.e., linked to an occupation, e.g., "lawyer") and "no-context" faces (i.e., linked to a nonword pattern, e.g., "xxxx"). Subjects were then asked to perform a recognition memory task. Accuracy at retrieval showed a mild decrease after left OFA stimulation, whereas rTMS over the left IFG drastically compromised memory performance selectively for no-context faces. On the other hand, absence of rTMS interference on context faces might be due either to the fact that pairing an occupation to a face makes the memory trace stronger, therefore less susceptible to rTMS interference, or to a different functional specificity of the left IFG subregions.
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Giovannelli F, Borgheresi A, Feurra M, Berardi N, Pizzorusso T, Zaccara G, Viggiano M, Cincotta M. Disruption of the prefrontal cortex function by rTMS produces a category-specific enhancement of the reaction times during visual object identification. Brain Stimul 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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50
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Galli G, Feurra M, Viggiano MP. “Did you see him in the newspaper?” Electrophysiological correlates of context and valence in face processing. Brain Res 2006; 1119:190-202. [PMID: 17005161 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Face recognition emerges from an interaction between bottom-up and top-down processing. Specifically, it relies on complex associations between the visual representation of a given face and previously stored knowledge about that face (e.g. biographical details). In the present experiment, the time-course of the interaction between bottom-up and top-down processing was investigated using event-related potentials (ERPs) and manipulating realistic, ecological contextual information. In the study phase, half of the faces (context faces) were framed in a newspaper page entitled with an action committed by the person depicted; these actions could have a positive or a negative value, so in this way emotional valence could be manipulated. The other half was presented on a neutral background (no-context faces). In the test phase, previously presented faces and new ones were presented on neutral backgrounds and an old/new discrimination was requested. The N170 component was modulated by both context (presence/absence at encoding) and valence (positive/negative). A reduction in amplitude was found for context faces as opposed to no-context faces. The same pattern was observed for negative faces compared to positive ones. Moreover, later activations associated with context and valence were differentially distributed over the scalp: context effects were prominent in left frontal areas, traditionally linked to person-specific information retrieval, whereas valence effects were broadly distributed over the scalp. In relation to recent neuroimaging findings on the neural basis of top-down modulations, present findings indicate that the information flow from higher-order areas might have modulated the N170 component and mediated the retrieval of semantic information pertaining to the study episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Galli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Via S. Niccolò 93, 50125 Firenze, Italy
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