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Giovanetti M, Slavov SN, Fonseca V, Wilkinson E, Tegally H, Patané JSL, Viala VL, San EJ, Rodrigues ES, Santos EV, Aburjaile F, Xavier J, Fritsch H, Adelino TER, Pereira F, Leal A, Iani FCDM, de Carvalho Pereira G, Vazquez C, Sanabria GME, Oliveira ECD, Demarchi L, Croda J, Dos Santos Bezerra R, Paola Oliveira de Lima L, Martins AJ, Renata Dos Santos Barros C, Marqueze EC, de Souza Todao Bernardino J, Moretti DB, Brassaloti RA, de Lello Rocha Campos Cassano R, Mariani PDSC, Kitajima JP, Santos B, Proto-Siqueira R, Cantarelli VV, Tosta S, Nardy VB, Reboredo de Oliveira da Silva L, Gómez MKA, Lima JG, Ribeiro AA, Guimarães NR, Watanabe LT, Barbosa Da Silva L, da Silva Ferreira R, da Penha MPF, Ortega MJ, de la Fuente AG, Villalba S, Torales J, Gamarra ML, Aquino C, Figueredo GPM, Fava WS, Motta-Castro ARC, Venturini J, do Vale Leone de Oliveira SM, Gonçalves CCM, do Carmo Debur Rossa M, Becker GN, Giacomini MP, Marques NQ, Riediger IN, Raboni S, Mattoso G, Cataneo AD, Zanluca C, Duarte Dos Santos CN, Assato PA, Allan da Silva da Costa F, Poleti MD, Lesbon JCC, Mattos EC, Banho CA, Sacchetto L, Moraes MM, Grotto RMT, Souza-Neto JA, Nogueira ML, Fukumasu H, Coutinho LL, Calado RT, Neto RM, Bispo de Filippis AM, Venancio da Cunha R, Freitas C, Peterka CRL, de Fátima Rangel Fernandes C, Navegantes W, do Carmo Said RF, Campelo de A E Melo CF, Almiron M, Lourenço J, de Oliveira T, Holmes EC, Haddad R, Sampaio SC, Elias MC, Kashima S, Junior de Alcantara LC, Covas DT. Genomic epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Brazil. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1490-1500. [PMID: 35982313 PMCID: PMC9417986 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The high numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Brazil have made Latin America an epicentre of the pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 established sustained transmission in Brazil early in the pandemic, but important gaps remain in our understanding of virus transmission dynamics at a national scale. We use 17,135 near-complete genomes sampled from 27 Brazilian states and bordering country Paraguay. From March to November 2020, we detected co-circulation of multiple viral lineages that were linked to multiple importations (predominantly from Europe). After November 2020, we detected large, local transmission clusters within the country. In the absence of effective restriction measures, the epidemic progressed, and in January 2021 there was emergence and onward spread, both within and abroad, of variants of concern and variants under monitoring, including Gamma (P.1) and Zeta (P.2). We also characterized a genomic overview of the epidemic in Paraguay and detected evidence of importation of SARS-CoV-2 ancestor lineages and variants of concern from Brazil. Our findings show that genomic surveillance in Brazil enabled assessment of the real-time spread of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Giovanetti
- Laboratório de Flavivirus, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, University of Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vagner Fonseca
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/World Health Organization (WHO), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Eduan Wilkinson
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Houriiyah Tegally
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | - Emmanuel James San
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Evandra Strazza Rodrigues
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Vieira Santos
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Aburjaile
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Joilson Xavier
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais (LACEN-MG), Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hegger Fritsch
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais (LACEN-MG), Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Talita Emile Ribeiro Adelino
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais (LACEN-MG), Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felicidade Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Bahia (LACEN-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Arabela Leal
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Bahia (LACEN-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Felipe Campos de Melo Iani
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais (LACEN-MG), Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Glauco de Carvalho Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais (LACEN-MG), Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Gladys Mercedes Estigarribia Sanabria
- Laboratório Central de Salud Pública, Asunción, Paraguay
- Instituto Regional de Investigación em Salud, Universidad Nacional del Caaguazú, Caaguazú, Paraguay
- Laboratório de Biología Molecular, Hospital Regional de Coronel Oviedo, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | - Luiz Demarchi
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (LACEN-MS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Julio Croda
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dos Santos Bezerra
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vlademir Vicente Cantarelli
- Universidade Federal de Ciencias da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Universidade Feevale, Grupo Exame Laboratórios, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Stephane Tosta
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Bahia (LACEN-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Brandão Nardy
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Bahia (LACEN-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jaqueline Gomes Lima
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Bahia (LACEN-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Adriana Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais (LACEN-MG), Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália Rocha Guimarães
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais (LACEN-MG), Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Takao Watanabe
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Mato Grosso (LACEN-MT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Luana Barbosa Da Silva
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Mato Grosso (LACEN-MT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Raquel da Silva Ferreira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Mato Grosso (LACEN-MT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Torales
- Laboratório Central de Salud Pública, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Gloria Patricia Martínez Figueredo
- Laboratório Central de Salud Pública, Asunción, Paraguay
- Instituto Regional de Investigación em Salud, Universidad Nacional del Caaguazú, Caaguazú, Paraguay
- Laboratório de Biología Molecular, Hospital Regional de Coronel Oviedo, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | - James Venturini
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Guilherme Nardi Becker
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Paraná (Lacen-PR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Nelson Quallio Marques
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Paraná (Lacen-PR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Sonia Raboni
- Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Mattoso
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Allan D Cataneo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila Zanluca
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Allan da Silva da Costa
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirele Daiana Poleti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessika Cristina Chagas Lesbon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisangela Chicaroni Mattos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Artico Banho
- Medicine School of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Sacchetto
- Medicine School of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Mazzi Moraes
- Medicine School of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maria Tommasini Grotto
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Applied Biotechnology Laboratory, Clinical Hospital of the Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jayme A Souza-Neto
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Centro de Genômica Funcional da ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Tocantins Calado
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carla Freitas
- Coordenação Geral dos Laboratórios de Saúde Pública/Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, (CGLAB/SVS-MS), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Cassio Roberto Leonel Peterka
- Coordenação Geral das Arboviroses, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde (CGARB/SVS-MS), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Cássia de Fátima Rangel Fernandes
- Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveisa/Secretaria de Vigilancia em Saude, Ministerio da Saude, Brasılia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Wildo Navegantes
- Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/World Health Organization (WHO), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Almiron
- Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/World Health Organization (WHO), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - José Lourenço
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tulio de Oliveira
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais (LACEN-MG), Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Simone Kashima
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Carlos Junior de Alcantara
- Laboratório de Flavivirus, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
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