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Papac MC, Talley KR, O'Hayre R, Zakutayev A. Instrument for spatially resolved, temperature-dependent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of thin films under locally controlled atmosphere. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:065105. [PMID: 34243552 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an instrument for spatially resolved measurements (mapping) of electrochemical impedance under various temperatures and gas environments. Automated measurements are controlled by a custom LabVIEW program, which manages probe motion, sample motion, temperature ramps, and potentiostat functions. Sample and probe positioning is provided by stepper motors. Dry or hydrated atmospheres (air or nitrogen) are available. The configurable heater reaches temperatures up to 500 °C, although the temperature at the sample surface is moderated by the gas flow rate. The local gas environment is controlled by directing flow toward the sample via a glass enclosure that surrounds the gold wire probe. Software and hardware selection and design are discussed. Reproducibility and accuracy are quantified on a Ba(Zr,Y)O3-δ proton-conducting electrolyte thin film synthesized by pulsed laser deposition. The mapping feature of the instrument is demonstrated on a compositionally graded array of electrocatalytically active Ba(Co,Fe,Zr,Y)O3-δ thin film microelectrodes. The resulting data indicate that this method proficiently maps property trends in these materials, thus demonstrating the reliability and usefulness of this method for investigating electrochemically active thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan C Papac
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Materials Science Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Kevin R Talley
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Materials Science Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Ryan O'Hayre
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Andriy Zakutayev
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Materials Science Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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Talley KR, Bauers SR, Melamed CL, Papac MC, Heinselman KN, Khan I, Roberts DM, Jacobson V, Mis A, Brennecka GL, Perkins JD, Zakutayev A. COMBIgor: Data-Analysis Package for Combinatorial Materials Science. ACS Comb Sci 2019; 21:537-547. [PMID: 31121098 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial experiments involve synthesis of sample libraries with lateral composition gradients requiring spatially resolved characterization of structure and properties. Because of the maturation of combinatorial methods and their successful application in many fields, the modern combinatorial laboratory produces diverse and complex data sets requiring advanced analysis and visualization techniques. In order to utilize these large data sets to uncover new knowledge, the combinatorial scientist must engage in data science. For data science tasks, most laboratories adopt common-purpose data management and visualization software. However, processing and cross-correlating data from various measurement tools is no small task for such generic programs. Here we describe COMBIgor, a purpose-built open-source software package written in the commercial Igor Pro environment and designed to offer a systematic approach to loading, storing, processing, and visualizing combinatorial data. It includes (1) methods for loading and storing data sets from combinatorial libraries, (2) routines for streamlined data processing, and (3) data-analysis and -visualization features to construct figures. Most importantly, COMBIgor is designed to be easily customized by a laboratory, group, or individual in order to integrate additional instruments and data-processing algorithms. Utilizing the capabilities of COMBIgor can significantly reduce the burden of data management on the combinatorial scientist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Talley
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sage R. Bauers
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Celeste L. Melamed
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Meagan C. Papac
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Karen N. Heinselman
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Imran Khan
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dennice M. Roberts
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Valerie Jacobson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Allison Mis
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Geoff L. Brennecka
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - John D. Perkins
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andriy Zakutayev
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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