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Cambray S, Ibarz M, Bermudez-Lopez M, Marti-Antonio M, Bozic M, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM. Magnesium Levels Modify the Effect of Lipid Parameters on Carotid Intima Media Thickness. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092631. [PMID: 32872319 PMCID: PMC7551902 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical risk factors of atherosclerosis in the general population show paradoxical effects in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Thus, low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels have been associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. Magnesium (Mg) is a divalent cation whose homeostasis is altered in CKD. Furthermore, Mg levels have been associated with cardiovascular health. The present study aims to understand the relationships of Mg and lipid parameters with atherosclerosis in CKD. In this analysis, 1754 participants from the Observatorio Nacional de Atherosclerosis en Nefrologia (NEFRONA) cohort were included. Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) was determined in six arterial territories, and associated factors were investigated by linear regression. cIMT correlated positively with being male, Caucasian, a smoker, diabetic, hypertensive, dyslipidemic and with increased age, BMI, and triglyceride levels, and negatively with levels of HDL cholesterol. First-order interactions in linear regression analysis showed that Mg was an effect modifier on the influence of lipidic parameters. Thus, cIMT predicted values were higher when triglycerides or LDL levels were high and Mg levels were low. On the contrary, when Mg levels were high, this effect disappeared. In conclusion, Mg acts as an effect modifier between lipidic parameters and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, Mg levels, together with lipidic parameters, should be taken into account when assessing atherosclerotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafi Cambray
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Merce Ibarz
- Indicators and Specifications of the Quality in the Clinical Laboratory Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Marcelino Bermudez-Lopez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Manuel Marti-Antonio
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Milica Bozic
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Elvira Fernandez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Jose M. Valdivielso
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.M.V.)
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Sanchez-Niño MD, Bozic M, Córdoba-Lanús E, Valcheva P, Gracia O, Ibarz M, Fernandez E, Navarro-Gonzalez JF, Ortiz A, Valdivielso JM. Beyond proteinuria: VDR activation reduces renal inflammation in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 302:F647-57. [PMID: 22169009 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00090.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Local inflammation is thought to contribute to the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) activator paricalcitol has an antiproteinuric effect in human diabetic nephropathy at high doses. We have explored potential anti-inflammatory effects of VDR activator doses that do not modulate proteinuria in an experimental model of diabetic nephropathy to gain insights into potential benefits of VDR activators in those patients whose proteinuria is not decreased by this therapy. The effect of calcitriol and paricalcitol on renal function, albuminuria, and renal inflammation was explored in a rat experimental model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin. Modulation of the expression of mediators of inflammation by these drugs was explored in cultured podocytes. At the doses used, neither calcitriol nor paricalcitol significantly modified renal function or reduced albuminuria in experimental diabetes. However, both drugs reduced the total kidney mRNA expression of IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and IL-18. Immunohistochemistry showed that calcitriol and paricalcitol reduced MCP-1 and IL-6 in podocytes and tubular cells as well as glomerular infiltration by macrophages, glomerular cell NF-κB activation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix deposition. In cultured podocytes, paricalcitol and calcitriol at concentrations in the physiological and clinically significant range prevented the increase in MCP-1, IL-6, renin, and fibronectin mRNA expression and the secretion of MCP-1 to the culture media induced by high glucose. In conclusion, in experimental diabetic nephropathy VDR activation has local renal anti-inflammatory effects that can be observed even when proteinuria is not decreased. This may be ascribed to decreased inflammatory responses of intrinsic renal cells, including podocytes, to high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- Research Laboratory and Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
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Schneider F, Lutun P, Runge I, Launoy A, Hasselmann M, Tempé JD, Sipria A, Talvik R, Mancebo J, Domingo P, Coll P, Net A, Ibarz M, Sancho J, Sitges-Serra A, Woittiez AJJ, Kaan J, Goldhoorn P, Almirall J, Mesalles E, Klanturg J, Armengol S, Agudo A, González CA, Tomasa A, Santré C, Leroy O, Beuscart C, Guéry B, Georges H, Beaucaire G, Salord F, Grando J, Verges M, Desgaches C, Chacornac R, Maravi E, García-Jalón J, Sánchez-Nicolay I, Saenz JJ, Maynar J, Fonseca F, Jiménez I, Eami V, Mencherini S, Barzaghi N, Marone P, Gallini GS, Olivei M, Eraschi A, Nouira S, Elatrous S, Abroug F, Jaafoura M, Bouchoucha S, Thabet H, Rauss A, Brun-Buisson C, Sproat L, Inglis TJJ, Elkharrat D, Mauboussin P, Bodossian P, Porché M, Pénicaud M, Le Corre A, Caulin C, Leleu G, Le Junter J, Villiers S, Garrouste MT, Rabbat A, Schremmer B, Le Gall JR, Morinet F, Schlemmer B, Ribeiro C, Moreira J, Costa D, Costa M, Pina E, Salgado MJ, Gasanovic-Popovic D, Ratkovic R, Bura-Nikolic G, Stosic M, Kaludjerovic M, Grujicic D, Santré C, Simon M, Konrad F, Wagner R, Kilian J, Georgieff M, Zhongmin H, Huping Z, Sarmiento X, Tonig R, Hosallos E, Torres A, Soler H, Mills J, Tomasal A, León MA, Ayuso A, Díaz R, Robusté J, Soria G, Torres C, Nolla M, Jimenez MJ, Lizasoein M, Suarez T, Sanchez-Izquierdo JA, Martinez A, Arribas P, Bermejo S, Alted E, Santré C, Fourrier F, Gregorakos L, Katsanos C, Malessios V, Nicolopoulos J, Tsokou J, Nicolaou C, Kountouri M, Velasco P, Moreno JA, Torrabadella P, Castellà E, Gómez MC, Condom JM, Esquirol X, Domingo C, Pérez-Piteira J, Tomás R, Reingardiené D, Ambrazevićiené N. Infections I. Intensive Care Med 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03216354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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