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Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Thongdee M, Arya N, Paungpin W, Sirimanapong W, Sariya L. Diversity and genetic characterization of Chlamydia isolated from Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis). Acta Trop 2024; 253:107183. [PMID: 38479468 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Chlamydiosis, an infection caused by several Chlamydia species, has been reported in Nile, saltwater, and Siamese crocodiles. Despite its widespread reports in various countries, including Thailand, genetic information on Chlamydia species remains limited. This study presents a whole-genome-based characterization of Siamese crocodile-isolated Chlamydia. The results showed that Siamese crocodile Chlamydia contained a single circular chromosome with a size of 1.22-1.23 Mbp and a plasmid with a size of 7.7-8.0 kbp. A plasmid containing eight coding sequences (CDSs) was grouped in a β lineage. A chromosome sequence had approximately 1,018-1,031 CDSs. Chlamydial factors involving virulence were documented in terms of the presence of cytotoxins and several virulence factors in the chromosomes of Siamese crocodile Chlamydia. The analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes in the Chlamydia genome revealed that the most common resistance genes were associated with aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines, and cephalosporins, with loose matching (identities between 21.12 % and 74.65 %). Phylogenetic analyses, encompassing the assessments of both whole proteome and nine taxonomic markers, revealed that Siamese crocodile Chlamydia was separated into three lineages (lineages I-III) with high bootstrapping statistic support. Interestingly, isolate 12-01 differed genetically from the others, suggesting that it is a new member of Chlamydia. The study findings indicate that Siamese crocodiles are susceptible hosts to Chlamydia, involving more than one species. This study is the first employing the highest number of whole-genome data on Siamese crocodile Chlamydia and provides better insights into pathogen genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nlin Arya
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Weena Paungpin
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wanna Sirimanapong
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Sariya
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
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Lerdsittikul V, Apiratwarrasakul S, Atithep T, Withatanung P, Indrawattana N, Pumirat P, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Thongdee M. Isolation and characterisation of a novel Silviavirus bacteriophage promising antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9251. [PMID: 38649443 PMCID: PMC11035597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emphasises the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents as alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriophage therapy is one of the most promising antimicrobial strategies. Here, we isolated and comprehensively characterized a novel Staphylococcus phage, vB_SauM_VL10 (VL10), from urban sewage. The VL10 genome displays 141,746 bp of linear double-stranded DNA, containing 193 open reading frames and lacking tRNA, virulence, or antibiotic resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis categorizes VL10 as a novel species within the Silviavirus genus, Twortvirinae subfamily. VL10 exhibits lytic behaviour characterized by efficient adsorption, a short latent period, and substantial burst size, with environmental stability. It demonstrates lytic activity against 79.06% of tested S. aureus strains, highlighting its species specificity. Additionally, VL10 effectively targets MRSA biofilms, reducing biomass and viable cells. In MRSA-infected G. mellonella larvae, VL10 enhances survival rates, supporting its potential for phage therapy applications. Moreover, the emergence of VL10-resistant S. aureus strains associated with fitness trade-offs, including reduced growth, biofilm formation, and virulence. Altogether, these findings emphasize VL10 as a promising candidate for developing therapeutic agents against MRSA infections, providing insights into phage biology and resistance dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varintip Lerdsittikul
- Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Sukanya Apiratwarrasakul
- Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thassanant Atithep
- Frontier Research Center, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Patoo Withatanung
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research and Excellence in Allergy and Immunology (SiALL), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Pumirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- The Monitoring Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- The Monitoring Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Tanpradit N, Thongdee M, Sariya L, Paungpin W, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Sirimanapong W, Kasantikul T, Phonarknguen R, Punchukrang A, Lekcharoen P, Arya N. Epidemiology of Chlamydia sp. infection in farmed Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) in Thailand. Acta Vet Scand 2023; 65:50. [PMID: 38008768 PMCID: PMC10680321 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Chlamydia sp. causes widespread disease outbreaks in juvenile crocodiles in Thailand, data regarding the epidemiology, and risk factors of such infections are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and possible risk factors associated with Chlamydia sp. infections on Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) farms in Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2019. Samples were collected from 40 farms across six regions in Thailand. Conjunctival, pharyngeal, and cloacal swab samples were analyzed for Chlamydiaceae nucleic acids using semi-nested PCR followed by phylogenetic analysis based on the ompA gene fragment. Risk factors of infection were analyzed using chi-square and univariate regression to calculate odds ratios. RESULTS The prevalence of Chlamydia sp. infection across all regions was 65%. The ompA phylogenetic analysis showed that Chlamydia sp. detected in this study was genetically closely related to Chlamydia crocodili and Chlamydia caviae. The risk factors for infection were water source, reusing treated wastewater from the treatment pond, not disposing of leftover food, low frequency of water replacement in the enclosure of juvenile crocodiles, and lack of water replacement after the death of a crocodile. CONCLUSION The prevalence of Chlamydia sp. infection in farmed crocodiles in Thailand was 65% during the study period. Cloacal swabs were superior to conjunctival and pharyngeal swabs due to their higher sensitivity in detecting Chlamydia sp., as well as their lower invasiveness. Good management and biosecurity in crocodile farming can reduce the risk of Chlamydia sp. INFECTION
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Affiliation(s)
- Nae Tanpradit
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Sariya
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Weena Paungpin
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Wanna Sirimanapong
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The Veterinary Aquatic Animal Research Health Care Unit, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Tanit Kasantikul
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Rassameepen Phonarknguen
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Apichart Punchukrang
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand
| | - Paisin Lekcharoen
- The Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nlin Arya
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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Lerdsittikul V, Thongdee M, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Atithep T, Apiratwarrasakul S, Withatanung P, Clokie MRJ, Korbsrisate S. A novel virulent Litunavirus phage possesses therapeutic value against multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21193. [PMID: 36476652 PMCID: PMC9729221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notable nosocomial pathogen that can cause severe infections in humans and animals. The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa has motivated the development of phages to treat the infections. In this study, a novel Pseudomonas phage, vB_PaeS_VL1 (VL1), was isolated from urban sewage. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that VL1 is a novel species in the genus Litunavirus of subfamily Migulavirinae. The VL1 is a virulent phage as no genes encoding lysogeny, toxins or antibiotic resistance were identified. The therapeutic potential of phage VL1 was investigated and revealed that approximately 56% (34/60 strains) of MDR P. aeruginosa strains, isolated from companion animal diseases, could be lysed by VL1. In contrast, VL1 did not lyse other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria suggesting its specificity of infection. Phage VL1 demonstrated high efficiency to reduce bacterial load (~ 6 log cell number reduction) and ~ 75% reduction of biofilm in pre-formed biofilms of MDR P. aeruginosa. The result of two of the three MDR P. aeruginosa infected Galleria mellonella larvae showed that VL1 could significantly increase the survival rate of infected larvae. Taken together, phage VL1 has genetic and biological properties that make it a potential candidate for phage therapy against P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varintip Lerdsittikul
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thassanant Atithep
- grid.494627.a0000 0004 4684 9800Frontier Research Center, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Apiratwarrasakul
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Patoo Withatanung
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Martha R. J. Clokie
- grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sunee Korbsrisate
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sangkachai N, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Thongdee M, Suksai P, Tangsudjai S, Wongluechai P, Suwanpakdee S, Wiriyarat W, Buddhirongawatr R, Prasittichai L, Skulpong A, Okada PA, Puthavathana P, Paungpin W. Serological and Molecular Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Captive Tigers ( Panthera tigris), Thailand. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233350. [PMID: 36496872 PMCID: PMC9736889 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Given the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, continuous surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in animals is important. To monitor SARS-CoV-2 infection in wildlife in Thailand, we collected 62 blood samples and nine nasal- and rectal-swab samples from captive tigers (Panthera tigris) in Ratchaburi province in Thailand during 2020-2021. A plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was employed to detect SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. A real-time RT-PCR assay was performed to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Our findings demonstrated that four captive tigers (6.5%, 4/62) had SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies against Wuhan Hu-1 and the Delta variant, while no SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome could be detected in all swab samples. Moreover, a low-level titer of neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron BA.2 subvariant could be found in only one seropositive tiger. The source of SARS-CoV-2 infection in these tigers most likely came from close contact with the infected animals' caretakers who engaged in activities such as tiger petting and feeding. In summary, we described the first case of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in captive tigers during the COVID-19 outbreak in Thailand and provided seroepidemiological-based evidence of human-to-animal transmission. Our findings highlight the need for continuous surveillance of COVID-19 among the captive tiger population and emphasize the need to adopt a One Health approach for preventing and controlling outbreaks of COVID-19 zoonotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nareerat Sangkachai
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Parut Suksai
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Tangsudjai
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Peerawat Wongluechai
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sarin Suwanpakdee
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Witthawat Wiriyarat
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Ruangrat Buddhirongawatr
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | | | - Anurux Skulpong
- Wildlife Rescue Center III (Khao Prathap Chang), Ratchaburi 70110, Thailand
| | | | - Pilaipan Puthavathana
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Weena Paungpin
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-896-701-400
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Sariya L, Paungpin W, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Thongdee M, Nakthong C, Jitwongwai A, Taksinoros S, Sutummaporn K, Boonmasawai S, Kornmatitsuk B. Molecular detection and characterization of lumpy skin disease viruses from outbreaks in Thailand in 2021. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2145-e2152. [PMID: 35396931 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the most important transboundary and emerging diseases in cattle. The disease causes significant economic losses in animal production and trade worldwide. The first LSD outbreak was recorded in March 2021, at Roi-Et province in the northeastern region of Thailand. Thereafter, the disease had rapidly spread into neighbouring provinces and throughout the country. The aim of the present study was to provide information regarding to the molecular detection and characterization of LSD viruses from outbreaks in Thailand in 2021. There were 1,748,112 susceptible and 604,404 affected animals (n = 588,512 [36.30%], beef cattle; n = 12,367 [15.74%], dairy cattle and n = 3524 [7.35%], buffaloes). The morbidity and mortality rates were 34.57% and 3.47%, respectively, and the case fatality rate was 10.05% (60,713 deaths). Based on real-time polymerase chain reaction results, the p32 gene of LSD virus (LSDV) was detected more frequently in skin nodule samples (54/77, 70.13%) than in nasal swabs (26/55, 42.57%) and EDTA blood (16/77, 20.78%) samples. Moreover, the copy number of the p32 gene was higher in skin nodule samples than in nasal swab and EDTA blood samples (cycle threshold value = 21.94 ± 0.62 vs. 31.52 ± 0.66 and 34.27 ± 0.32, respectively). Furthermore, 29 (53.70%) of 54 capripoxvirus-positive skin nodule samples were successfully isolated from Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells, and the cytopathic effect was observed 72 h after inoculation. Based on the phylogenetic trees of the GPCR, ANK and RPO30 gene sequences, the LSDV isolates from Thailand were distinct from both the LSDV-field and LSDV-vaccine groups and were closely correlated with the LSDV strains isolated from mainland China, Hong Kong territory and Vietnam in 2020. Additionally, they could be a potential virulent vaccine-recombinant LSDV strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladawan Sariya
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Mahidol University, Phuthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Weena Paungpin
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Mahidol University, Phuthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Mahidol University, Phuthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Mahidol University, Phuthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chowalit Nakthong
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Mahidol University, Phuthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Akarapong Jitwongwai
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Mahidol University, Phuthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Taksinoros
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Mahidol University, Phuthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kripitch Sutummaporn
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Mahidol University, Phuthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sookruetai Boonmasawai
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Mahidol University, Phuthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Bunlue Kornmatitsuk
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Mahidol University, Phuthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Paungpin W, Thongdee M, Ketchim N, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Saechin A, Sariya L, Kaewchot S, Puthavathana P, Wiriyarat W. Evidence of Influenza A Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Macaques, Thailand. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030132. [PMID: 35324860 PMCID: PMC8950150 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the ecology of influenza A virus (IAV) in nonhuman primates (NHPs). We conducted active surveillance of IAV among 672 cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) living in 27 free-ranging colonies in Thailand between March and November 2019. A hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was employed as the screening test against 16 subtypes of avian influenza virus (AIV) and two strains of the H1 subtype of human influenza virus. The serum samples with HI titers ≥20 were further confirmed by microneutralization (MN) assay. Real-time RT-PCR assay was performed to detect the conserved region of the influenza matrix (M) gene. The seropositive rate for subtypes of IAV, including AIV H1 (1.6%, 11/672), AIV H2 (15.2%, 102/672), AIV H3 (0.3%, 2/672), AIV H9 (3.4%, 23/672), and human H1 (NP-045) (0.9%, 6/672), was demonstrated. We also found antibody against more than one subtype of IAV in 15 out of 128 positive tested sera (11.7%). Moreover, influenza genome could be detected in 1 out of 245 pool swab samples (0.41%). Evidence of IAV infection presented here emphasizes the role of NHPs in the ecology of the virus. Our findings highlight the need to further conduct a continuous active surveillance program in NHP populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weena Paungpin
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.P.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.P.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Natthaphat Ketchim
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.P.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.P.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Aeknarin Saechin
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.P.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Ladawan Sariya
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.P.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Supakarn Kaewchot
- Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Pilaipan Puthavathana
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Witthawat Wiriyarat
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.P.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Ketchim N, Surarith W, Thongdee M, Prompiram P, Tonchiangsai K, Tipkantha W, Wiriyarat W, Paungpin W. Serologic evidence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in camel and Eld's deer, Thailand. Vet World 2021; 14:2596-2601. [PMID: 34903914 PMCID: PMC8654739 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2596-2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza (H1N1pdm09) virus has affected both human and animal populations worldwide. The transmission of the H1N1pdm09 virus from humans to animals is increasingly more evident. Captive animals, particularly zoo animals, are at risk of H1N1pdm09 virus infection through close contact with humans. Evidence of exposure to the H1N1pdm09 virus has been reported in several species of animals in captivity. However, there is limited information on the H1N1pdm09 virus infection and circulation in captive animals. To extend the body of knowledge on exposure to the H1N1pdm09 virus among captive animals in Thailand, our study investigated the presence of antibodies against the H1N1pdm09 virus in two captive animals: Camelids and Eld's deer. Materials and Methods We investigated H1N1pdm09 virus infection among four domestic camelid species and wild Eld's deer that were kept in different zoos in Thailand. In total, 72 archival serum samples from camelid species and Eld's deer collected between 2013 and 2014 in seven provinces in Thailand were analyzed for influenza antibodies using hemagglutination inhibition (HI), microneutralization, and western blotting (WB) assays. Results The presence of antibodies against the H1N1pdm09 virus was detected in 2.4% (1/42) of dromedary camel serum samples and 15.4% (2/13) of Eld's deer serum samples. No antibodies were detected in the rest of the serum samples derived from other investigated camelids, including Bactrian camels (0/3), alpacas (0/5), and llamas (0/9). The three positive serum samples showed HI antibody titers of 80, whereas the neutralization titers were in the range of 320-640. Antibodies specific to HA and NP proteins in the H1N1pdm09 virus were detected in positive camel serum samples using WB. Conversely, the presence of the specific antibodies in the positive Eld's deer serum samples could not be determined using WB due to the lack of commercially labeled secondary antibodies. Conclusion The present study provided evidence of H1N1pdm09 virus infection in the captive dromedary camel and Eld's deer in Thailand. Our findings highlight the need for continuous surveillance for influenza A virus in the population of dromedary camels and Eld's deer. The susceptible animal populations in close contact with humans should be closely monitored. Further study is warranted to determine whether Eld's deer are indeed a competent reservoir for human influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Centre for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Natthaphat Ketchim
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Centre for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wanvisa Surarith
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Centre for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Centre for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Phirom Prompiram
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Centre for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kanittha Tonchiangsai
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Centre for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wanlaya Tipkantha
- The Zoological Park Organization of Thailand, Bureau of Conservation and Research, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Witthawat Wiriyarat
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Centre for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Weena Paungpin
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Centre for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Paungpin W, Thongdee M, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Sariya L, Sirimanapong W, Kasantikul T, Phonarknguen R, Darakamas P, Arya N. Coinfection of Chlamydia spp. and herpesvirus in juvenile farmed Siamese crocodiles ( Crocodylus siamensis) in Thailand. Vet World 2021; 14:1908-1914. [PMID: 34475716 PMCID: PMC8404128 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1908-1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim For a decade, chlamydial and herpesvirus infections have caused significant morbidity and mortality in farmed crocodiles. In September 2017, a total of 160 juvenile freshwater Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) with conjunctivitis/pharyngitis lesions were admitted at the Veterinary Aquatic Animal Research Health Care Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University. All crocodiles did not respond well to antibiotics or supportive treatments and died. This study aimed to detect and identify the causative agents associated with conjunctivitis/pharyngitis and fatal outcomes in juvenile farmed Siamese crocodiles. Materials and Methods A total of 138 pharyngeal and conjunctival swabs and conjunctival scrapes were collected from live crocodiles. All swab and scrape samples were DNA-extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Chlamydiaceae- and herpesvirus-specific primers. Tissue samples (brain, lung, liver, heart, spleen, and intestine) were collected from two representative postmortem animals. All tissue samples were processed for molecular and pathological analyses. Results PCR examinations identified chlamydial and herpesvirus DNA in 92% (126/138) and 100% (138/138), respectively, of the tested swab and scrape samples. Of those positive samples, 79% (26/33), 67% (4/6), and 98% (97/99) of the pharyngeal swabs, conjunctival swabs, and conjunctival scrapes, respectively, were positive for both chlamydial and herpesvirus DNA. Histopathological examination indicated necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration in the liver, kidney, and intestine of the affected animals. The intracytoplasmic accumulation of Chlamydia was randomly observed in the examined tissue sample. Moreover, the presence of chlamydial and herpesvirus DNA was also detected in the tissue samples, including the heart, intestine, brain, lung, liver, and spleen, of the affected animals by PCR. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Chlamydia spp. detected in the juvenile Siamese crocodiles was notably different from other known species in the Chlamydia genus, while the herpesvirus detected in the crocodiles was closely related to crocodyline herpesvirus 1. Conclusion Based on histopathological and molecular examinations, this report provided the first evidence of coinfection of Chlamydia spp. and crocodyline herpesvirus 1 in juvenile Siamese crocodiles in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weena Paungpin
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Sariya
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wanna Sirimanapong
- The Veterinary Aquatic Animal Research Health Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Tanit Kasantikul
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Clemson Livestock Poultry Health, 500 Clemson Rd, Columbia, SC 29229, USA
| | - Rassameepen Phonarknguen
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Poonnut Darakamas
- Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nlin Arya
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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10
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Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Thongdee M, Anuntakarun S, Payungporn S, Arya N, Punchukrang A, Ramasoota P, Singhakaew S, Atithep T, Sariya L. A new species of Chlamydia isolated from Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252081. [PMID: 34043689 PMCID: PMC8158970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia is a known pathogen in both saltwater and freshwater crocodiles. However, the exact species/strain has not been clearly identified. In this study, we successfully cultivated Siamese crocodile Chlamydia in McCoy cells at a temperature of 30°C. Electron microscopy; phylogeny based on nine conserved taxonomically informative markers, on ompA, or on seven housekeeping genes; and whole-genome sequencing and analysis of the isolate confirmed the identity of the isolate as a new member of the genus Chlamydia, a new species that we name Chlamydia crocodili.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Songtham Anuntakarun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nlin Arya
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Apichart Punchukrang
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pongrama Ramasoota
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research and Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sombat Singhakaew
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thassanant Atithep
- Frontier Research Center, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Sariya
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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11
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Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Thepapichaikul W, Paungpin W, Ketchim K, Suwanpakdee S, Thongdee M. Potentially Pathogenic Leptospira in the Environment of an Elephant Camp in Thailand. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:tropicalmed5040183. [PMID: 33291225 PMCID: PMC7768412 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospira is the causative agent of leptospirosis, a globally emerging zoonotic disease. The infection is commonly acquired through contact with the contaminated environment. To extend the knowledge on environmental source of leptospirosis, we investigated the presence of Leptospira in an elephant camp setting where the interaction between humans, animals, and the shared environment occur particularly when engaging in recreational activities. In this study, a total of 24 environmental samples were collected from an elephant camp area in western Thailand. All samples were processed for Leptospira isolation using the EMJH medium. The identification of Leptospira species was carried out by partial 16S rRNA and secY gene sequencing. Of those 24 samples, 18 samples (75%) were culture-positive for Leptospira. The recovered leptospires were mostly derived from water and soil sampled from a river and a mud pond, the main areas for recreational activities. The majority of the isolates were classified into “Pathogens” clade (89%, 16/18) and more than half of the isolates (61%, 11/18) contained species of the “Saprophytes” clade. Notably, two soil isolates from the river beach sampling area were found to contain leptospiral DNA with high similarity to the pathogenic L. interrogans and L. santarosai. The evidence of diverse Leptospira species, particularly those belonging to the “Pathogens” clade, suggest that the shared environments of an elephant camp can serve as potential infection source and may pose a risk to the elephant camp tourists and workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.C.); (W.P.); (K.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Wasinee Thepapichaikul
- Livestock and Wildlife Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Sai Yok, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand;
| | - Weena Paungpin
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.C.); (W.P.); (K.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Kanokwan Ketchim
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.C.); (W.P.); (K.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Sarin Suwanpakdee
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.C.); (W.P.); (K.K.); (S.S.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.C.); (W.P.); (K.K.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2441-5236
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12
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Narkkul U, Thaipadungpanit J, Srilohasin P, Singkhaimuk P, Thongdee M, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Krairojananan P, Pan-ngum W. Optimization of Culture Protocols to Isolate Leptospira spp. from Environmental Water, Field Investigation, and Identification of Factors Associated with the Presence of Leptospira spp. in the Environment. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:tropicalmed5020094. [PMID: 32517121 PMCID: PMC7345561 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful culture of Leptospira spp. from the environment is challenging. Here, we optimized the isolation of Leptospira spp. from water samples spiked with different species and initial concentrations of this organism. The time periods between water sampling and the isolation process were varied (0, 2, and 4 weeks). Bacterial cultures were observed under a microscope, and cultures were graded for cell density, weekly, for 12 weeks. Most pathogenic Leptospira spp. were difficult to culture under all conditions. All conditions of water samples spiked with novel species of Leptospira subclade P1 were culture positive within 2 weeks. For Leptospira subclade P2, storing samples for 2 weeks prior to isolation resulted in more successful isolation compared with isolation after other storage conditions. For subclade S1, all samples with initial bacterial concentrations of more than 103 colonies/mL, under all storage conditions, were successfully cultured. These results suggest that storing contaminated water samples for 2 to 4 weeks in the dark at an ambient temperature prior to culturing can improve the isolation of Leptospira spp. from the samples. We implemented this protocol and collected water samples from natural sources accessed by both humans and animals. Leptospira spp. was identified in 32% (35/109) of water samples. The animal species using a water source influenced the likelihood of water samples being contaminated with Leptospira spp. Cultures of Leptospira spp. from environmental samples can provide useful information for understanding the complex interactions between humans, animals and the environment in the transmission of leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udomsak Narkkul
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Janjira Thaipadungpanit
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.T.); (P.S.); (P.S.)
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Prapaporn Srilohasin
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.T.); (P.S.); (P.S.)
- Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Preeraya Singkhaimuk
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.T.); (P.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (M.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (M.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Panadda Krairojananan
- Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Wirichada Pan-ngum
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.T.); (P.S.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2306-9188
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Sangkachai N, Thongdee M, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Buddhirongawatr R, Chamsai T, Poltep K, Wiriyarat W, Paungpin W. Serological evidence of influenza virus infection in captive wild felids, Thailand. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1341-1347. [PMID: 31341136 PMCID: PMC6785624 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is known to affect wild felids. To explore the prevalence of influenza viruses in these animal species, 196 archival sera from 5 felid species including Panthera tigris (N=147), Prionailurus viverrinus (N=35), Panthera leo (N=5), Pardofelis temminckii (N=8) and Neofelis nebulosa (N=1) collected between 2011 and 2015 in 10 provinces of Thailand were determined for the presence of antibody to avian and human influenza viruses. Blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay were employed as the screening tests, which the serum samples with HI antibody titers ≥20 were further confirmed by cytopathic effect/hemagglutination based-microneutralization (CPE/HA-based microNT) test. Based on HI and microNT assays, the seropositive rates of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5 virus, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 virus and human H1 virus were 1.53% (3/196), 2.04% (4/196) and 6.63% (13/196), respectively. In addition, we also found antibody against both LPAI H5 virus and HPAI H5 virus in 2 out of 196 tested sera (1.02%). Evidences of influenza virus infection were found in captive P. tigris in Kanchanaburi, Nakhon Sawan and Ratchaburi provinces of Thailand. The findings of our study highlights the need of a continuous active surveillance program of influenza viruses in wild felid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nareerat Sangkachai
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Ruangrat Buddhirongawatr
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Tatiyanuch Chamsai
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kanaporn Poltep
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Witthawat Wiriyarat
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Weena Paungpin
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
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Thongdee M, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Lekcharoen P, Yimchoho N, Buathong R, Wiriyarat W. A Novel Genotype of Leptospira interrogans Recovered from Leptospirosis Outbreak Samples from Southern Thailand. Jpn J Infect Dis 2019; 72:343-346. [PMID: 31155602 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2019.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We performed Leptospira culture analysis of 76 clinical samples collected from animals and of six soil samples for the investigation of a leptospirosis outbreak in southern Thailand in 2017. Leptospires were recovered from a kidney sample (a fatal canine leptospirosis case) and from all the soil samples. Next, 16S rRNA sequence analysis demonstrated that the clinical isolate was closely related to the pathogenic L. interrogans, whereas the soil isolates represented different species, including pathogenic L. ellisii, intermediate L. wolffii, and nonpathogenic L. yanagawae. Multilocus sequence typing identified an isolate of L. interrogans as a novel sequence type (ST263), suggesting that the causative agent of the canine leptospirosis in the southern Thailand outbreak has a unique genetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metawee Thongdee
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Mahidol University
| | | | - Paisin Lekcharoen
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Mahidol University
| | - Nirandorn Yimchoho
- Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health
| | - Rome Buathong
- Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health
| | - Witthawat Wiriyarat
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Mahidol University.,Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University
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Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Suwanpakdee S, Sangkachai N, Chamsai T, Taruyanon K, Thongdee M. Potentially Pathogenic Leptospira Species Isolated from a Waterfall in Thailand. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 71:65-67. [PMID: 29093324 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2017.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We collected water and soil samples from a waterfall in Thailand to investigate the presence of potentially pathogenic Leptospira. Isolation of Leptospira from all the 17 environmental samples was successful. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, a diverse group of Leptospira species was recovered from waterfall samples including 2 pathogenic species (Leptospira alstonii [5/17, 29%] and Leptospira kmetyi [1/17, 6%]); 1 intermediate species (Leptospira wolffii [9/17, 53%]); and 2 non-pathogenic species (Leptospira meyeri [1/17, 6%] and Leptospira idonii [1/17, 6%]). The high prevalence of pathogenic and intermediate Leptospira indicates that a waterfall may serve as a natural reservoir of possible pathogens of leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarin Suwanpakdee
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Mahidol University.,Department of Clinical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University
| | - Nareerat Sangkachai
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Mahidol University
| | - Tatiyanuch Chamsai
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Mahidol University
| | | | - Metawee Thongdee
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Mahidol University
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