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Sawicki AJ, Żemojtel-Piotrowska M, Balcerowska JM, Sawicka MJ, Piotrowski J, Sedikides C, Jonason PK, Maltby J, Adamovic M, Agada AMD, Ahmed O, Al-Shawaf L, Appiah SCY, Ardi R, Babakr ZH, Bălţătescu S, Bonato M, Cowden RG, Chobthamkit P, De Pretto L, Gouveia VV, Haretche C, Iliško D, Aruta JJB, Jia F, Jovanović V, Jukić T, Kamble SV, Khachatryan N, Klicperova-Baker M, Koralov M, Kovacs M, Kretchner M, Fernandez AL, Liik K, Malik NI, Malysheva K, Moon C, Muehlbacher S, Nartova-Bochaver S, Torres-Marín J, Özsoy E, Park J, Piccinelli E, Ramos-Diaz J, Riđić O, Samekin A, Starc A, Kiêu TTT, Tomsik R, Umeh CS, Wills-Herrera E, Wlodarczyk A, Vally Z, Zand S. The fear of COVID-19 scale: Its structure and measurement invariance across 48 countries. Psychol Assess 2022; 34:294-310. [PMID: 35049326 DOI: 10.1037/pas0001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a source of fear around the world. We asked whether the measurement of this fear is trustworthy and comparable across countries. In particular, we explored the measurement invariance and cross-cultural replicability of the widely used Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), testing community samples from 48 countries (N = 14,558). The findings indicate that the FCV-19S has a somewhat problematic structure, yet the one-factor solution is replicable across cultural contexts and could be used in studies that compare people who vary on gender and educational level. The validity of the scale is supported by a consistent pattern of positive correlations with perceived stress and general anxiety. However, given the unclear structure of the FCV-19S, we recommend using latent factor scores, instead of raw scores, especially in cross-cultural comparisons. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Monika J Sawicka
- Department of Clinical, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Warmia and Mazury
| | | | | | - Peter K Jonason
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw
| | - John Maltby
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester
| | - Mladen Adamovic
- Department of Management and International Business, Auckland Business School, University of Auckland
| | | | - Oli Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario Bonato
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova
| | | | | | - Laura De Pretto
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leeds Trinity University
| | | | | | - Dzintra Iliško
- Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Daugavpils University
| | | | - Fanli Jia
- Department of Psychology, Seton Hall University
| | | | - Tomislav Jukić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
| | | | | | | | - Metodi Koralov
- Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University
| | - Monika Kovacs
- Institute of Intercultural Psychology and Education, ELTE Eotvos Lorand University
| | | | | | - Kadi Liik
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University
| | | | - Karine Malysheva
- Faculty of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
| | - Chanki Moon
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, Leeds Beckett University
| | - Stephan Muehlbacher
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences
| | | | - Jorge Torres-Marín
- Department of Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences, University of Granada
| | | | | | - Elena Piccinelli
- Centro de Investigacao e Intervencao Social, Instituto Universitario de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL)
| | - Jano Ramos-Diaz
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Science and Society Studies, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades
| | - Ognjen Riđić
- Faculty of Business and Administration, International University of Sarajevo
| | - Adil Samekin
- School of Liberal Arts, M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University
| | - Andrej Starc
- Department of Public Health, University of Ljubljana
| | - Trà T T Kiêu
- Department of Psychology, HoChiMinh City University of Education
| | - Robert Tomsik
- Research Institute for Child Psychology and Pathopsychology
| | - Charles S Umeh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos
| | | | | | - Zahir Vally
- Department of Clinical Psychology, United Arab Emirates University
| | - Somayeh Zand
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca
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Abstract
Стандартизация на скалата за равнище на себеоценката на Розенберг беше извършена върху извадка от 1498 изследвани лица на възраст от 14 до 64 години. Българският вариант на скалата показа добра вътрешна консистентност (алфа на Кронбах – 0,82). Експлораторният факторен анализ доведе до двуфакторно решение, като негативните айтеми, както в много други изследвания, се обособяват във втори фактор. Не установихме различия между мъжете и жените в равнището на себеоценката. Изследваните, по-възрастни от 30 години, имат малко по-висока себеоценка от по-младитe: t(1496) = 3,52, p < 0,001, размер на ефекта d = 0,18. Средното равнище на себеоценка е с 5 пункта над теоретичната средна на скалата, с което се потвърждава универсално установяваната тенденция към висока себеоценка. Данните от редица изследвания със скалата са в подкрепа на нейната конструктна валидност.
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