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Horne R, Metrick MA, Man W, Rinauro DJ, Brotzakis ZF, Chia S, Meisl G, Vendruscolo M. Secondary Processes Dominate the Quiescent, Spontaneous Aggregation of α-Synuclein at Physiological pH with Sodium Salts. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3125-3131. [PMID: 37578897 PMCID: PMC10485892 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate recapitulation in an in vitro assay of the aggregation process of α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease has been a significant challenge. As α-synuclein does not aggregate spontaneously in most currently used in vitro assays, primary nucleation is triggered by the presence of surfaces such as lipid membranes or interfaces created by shaking, to achieve aggregation on accessible time scales. In addition, secondary nucleation is typically only observed by lowering the pH below 5.8. Here we investigated assay conditions that enables spontaneous primary nucleation and secondary nucleation at pH 7.4. Using 400 mM sodium phosphate, we observed quiescent spontaneous aggregation of α-synuclein and established that this aggregation is dominated by secondary processes. Furthermore, the presence of potassium ions enhanced the reproducibility of quiescent α-synuclein aggregation. This work provides a framework for the study of spontaneous α-synuclein aggregation at physiological pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert
I. Horne
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Metrick
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- College
of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Wing Man
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Dillon J. Rinauro
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Z. Faidon Brotzakis
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Chia
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Bioprocessing
Technology Institute, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138668, Singapore
| | - Georg Meisl
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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2
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Koga S, Metrick MA, Golbe LI, Santambrogio A, Kim M, Soto-Beasley AI, Walton RL, Baker MC, De Castro CF, DeTure M, Russell D, Navia BA, Sandiego C, Ross OA, Vendruscolo M, Caughey B, Dickson DW. Case report of a patient with unclassified tauopathy with molecular and neuropathological features of both progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:88. [PMID: 37264457 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) are distinct clinicopathological subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. They both have atypical parkinsonism, and they usually have distinct clinical features. The most common clinical presentation of PSP is Richardson syndrome, and the most common presentation of CBD is corticobasal syndrome. In this report, we describe a patient with a five-year history of Richardson syndrome and a family history of PSP in her mother and sister. A tau PET scan (18F-APN-1607) revealed low-to-moderate uptake in the substantia nigra, globus pallidus, thalamus and posterior cortical areas, including temporal, parietal and occipital cortices. Neuropathological evaluation revealed widespread neuronal and glial tau pathology in cortical and subcortical structures, including tufted astrocytes in the motor cortex, striatum and midbrain tegmentum. The subthalamic nucleus had mild-to-moderate neuronal loss with globose neurofibrillary tangles, consistent with PSP. On the other hand, there were also astrocytic plaques, a pathological hallmark of CBD, in the neocortex and striatum. To further characterize the mixed pathology, we applied two machine learning-based diagnostic pipelines. These models suggested diagnoses of PSP and CBD depending on the brain region - PSP in the motor cortex and superior frontal gyrus and CBD in caudate nucleus. Western blots of insoluble tau from motor cortex showed a banding pattern consistent with mixed features of PSP and CBD, whereas tau from the superior frontal gyrus showed a pattern consistent with CBD. Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) using brain homogenates from the motor cortex and superior frontal gyrus showed ThT maxima consistent with PSP, while reaction kinetics were consistent with CBD. There were no pathogenic variants in MAPT with whole genome sequencing. We conclude that this patient had an unclassified tauopathy and features of both PSP and CBD. The different pathologies in specific brain regions suggests caution in diagnosis of tauopathies with limited sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Michael A Metrick
- LPVD, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lawrence I Golbe
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alessia Santambrogio
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ronald L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Matthew C Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Michael DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - David Russell
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Temple Medical Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Invicro, LLC, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Byron Caughey
- LPVD, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
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3
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Lin J, Figazzolo C, Metrick MA, Sormanni P, Vendruscolo M. Computational maturation of a single-domain antibody against Aβ42 aggregation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13940-13948. [PMID: 35475123 PMCID: PMC8901120 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03898b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of structural databases and the increase in computing power are enabling approaches for antibody discovery based on computational design. It has already been shown that it is possible to use this approach to generate antibodies for specific epitopes on challenging targets. Here we describe an application of this procedure for antibody maturation through the computational design of mutational variants of increased potency. We illustrate this procedure in the case of a single-domain antibody targeting an epitope in the N-terminal region of Aβ42, a peptide whose aggregation is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease. We show that this approach enables the generation of an antibody variant with over 200-fold increased potency against the primary nucleation process in Aβ42 aggregation. Our results thus demonstrate that potentiated antibody variants can be obtained by computational maturation. A computational maturation method enables the generation of an antibody variant with over 200-fold increased potency against the primary nucleation process in Aβ42 aggregation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Lin
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Chiara Figazzolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Michael A Metrick
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Pietro Sormanni
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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4
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Ferreira NC, Charco JM, Plagenz J, Orru CD, Denkers ND, Metrick MA, Hughson AG, Griffin KA, Race B, Hoover EA, Castilla J, Nichols TA, Miller MW, Caughey B. Detection of chronic wasting disease in mule and white-tailed deer by RT-QuIC analysis of outer ear. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7702. [PMID: 33833330 PMCID: PMC8032746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to contain the spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD), a fatal, contagious prion disease of cervids, would be aided by the availability of additional diagnostic tools. RT-QuIC assays allow ultrasensitive detection of prion seeds in a wide variety of cervid tissues, fluids and excreta. The best documented antemortem diagnostic test involving RT-QuIC analysis targets lymphoid tissue in rectal biopsies. Here we have tested a more easily accessed specimen, ear pinna punches, using an improved RT-QuIC assay involving iron oxide magnetic extraction to detect CWD infections in asymptomatic mule and white-tailed deer. Comparison of multiple parts of the ear pinna indicated that a central punch spanning the auricular nerve provided the most consistent detection of CWD infection. When compared to results obtained from gold-standard retropharyngeal lymph node specimens, our RT-QuIC analyses of ear samples provided apparent diagnostic sensitivity (81%) and specificity (91%) that rivaled, or improved upon, those observed in previous analyses of rectal biopsies using RT-QuIC. These results provide evidence that RT-QuIC analysis of ear pinna punches may be a useful approach to detecting CWD infections in cervids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia C Ferreira
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jorge M Charco
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Jakob Plagenz
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Christina D Orru
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Nathanial D Denkers
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael A Metrick
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Andrew G Hughson
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Karen A Griffin
- Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, Wildlife Health Program, 4330 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Brent Race
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Edward A Hoover
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Michael W Miller
- Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, Wildlife Health Program, 4330 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Byron Caughey
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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5
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Metrick MA, Ferreira NDC, Saijo E, Kraus A, Newell K, Zanusso G, Vendruscolo M, Ghetti B, Caughey B. A single ultrasensitive assay for detection and discrimination of tau aggregates of Alzheimer and Pick diseases. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:22. [PMID: 32087764 PMCID: PMC7036215 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-0887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by aggregation of tau molecules. Adult humans express six isoforms of tau that contain either 3 or 4 microtubule binding repeats (3R or 4R tau). Different diseases involve preferential aggregation of 3R (e.g Pick disease), 4R (e.g. progressive supranuclear palsy), or both 3R and 4R tau molecules [e.g. Alzheimer disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy]. Three ultrasensitive cell-free seed amplification assays [called tau real-time quaking induced conversion (tau RT-QuIC) assays] have been developed that preferentially detect 3R, 4R, or 3R/4R tau aggregates in biospecimens. In these reactions, low-fg amounts of a given self-propagating protein aggregate (the seed) are incubated with a vast excess of recombinant tau monomers (the substrate) in multi-well plates. Over time, the seeds incorporate the substrate to grow into amyloids that can then be detected using thioflavin T fluorescence. Here we describe a tau RT-QuIC assay (K12 RT-QuIC) that, using a C-terminally extended recombinant 3R tau substrate (K12CFh), enables sensitive detection of Pick disease, Alzheimer disease, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy seeds in brain homogenates. The discrimination of Pick disease from Alzheimer disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy cases is then achieved through the quantitative differences in K12 RT-QuIC assay thioflavin T responses, which correlate with structural properties of the reaction products. In particular, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the respective K12CFh amyloids showed distinct β-sheet conformations, suggesting at least partial propagation of the original seed conformations in vitro. Thus, K12 RT-QuIC provides a single assay for ultrasensitive detection and discrimination of tau aggregates comprised mainly of 3R, or both 3R and 4R, tau isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Metrick
- LPVD, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | | | - Eri Saijo
- LPVD, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA
| | - Allison Kraus
- LPVD, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA
| | - Kathy Newell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Byron Caughey
- LPVD, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA
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6
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Saijo E, Metrick MA, Koga S, Parchi P, Litvan I, Spina S, Boxer A, Rojas JC, Galasko D, Kraus A, Rossi M, Newell K, Zanusso G, Grinberg LT, Seeley WW, Ghetti B, Dickson DW, Caughey B. Correction to: 4-Repeat tau seeds and templating subtypes as brain and CSF biomarkers of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:79-81. [PMID: 31748840 PMCID: PMC7193369 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The Panel A in the published figure 5 is incorrect. The corrected Figure 5 is placed in the following page.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Saijo
- LPVD, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Piero Parchi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julio C Rojas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Allison Kraus
- LPVD, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Marcello Rossi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kathy Newell
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Lea T Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Byron Caughey
- LPVD, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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7
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Saijo E, Metrick MA, Koga S, Parchi P, Litvan I, Spina S, Boxer A, Rojas JC, Galasko D, Kraus A, Rossi M, Newell K, Zanusso G, Grinberg LT, Seeley WW, Ghetti B, Dickson DW, Caughey B. 4-Repeat tau seeds and templating subtypes as brain and CSF biomarkers of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:63-77. [PMID: 31616982 PMCID: PMC7192393 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To address the need for more meaningful biomarkers of tauopathies, we have developed an ultrasensitive tau seed amplification assay (4R RT-QuIC) for the 4-repeat (4R) tau aggregates of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and other diseases with 4R tauopathy. The assay detected seeds in 106-109-fold dilutions of 4R tauopathy brain tissue but was orders of magnitude less responsive to brain with other types of tauopathy, such as from Alzheimer's disease cases. The analytical sensitivity for synthetic 4R tau fibrils was ~ 50 fM or 2 fg/sample. A novel dimension of this tau RT-QuIC testing was the identification of three disease-associated classes of 4R tau seeds; these classes were revealed by conformational variations in the in vitro amplified tau fibrils as detected by thioflavin T fluorescence amplitudes and FTIR spectroscopy. Tau seeds were detected in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from all neuropathologically confirmed PSP and CBD cases but not in controls. CSF from living subjects had weaker seeding activities; however, mean assay responses for cases clinically diagnosed as PSP and CBD/corticobasal syndrome were significantly higher than those from control cases. Altogether, 4R RT-QuIC provides a practical cell-free method of detecting and subtyping pathologic 4R tau aggregates as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Saijo
- LPVD, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Piero Parchi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julio C Rojas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Allison Kraus
- LPVD, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Marcello Rossi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kathy Newell
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Lea T Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Byron Caughey
- LPVD, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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8
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Metrick MA, do Carmo Ferreira N, Saijo E, Hughson AG, Kraus A, Orrú C, Miller MW, Zanusso G, Ghetti B, Vendruscolo M, Caughey B. Million-fold sensitivity enhancement in proteopathic seed amplification assays for biospecimens by Hofmeister ion comparisons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23029-23039. [PMID: 31641070 PMCID: PMC6859373 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909322116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent work with prion diseases and synucleinopathies indicates that accurate diagnostic methods for protein-folding diseases can be based on the ultrasensitive, amplified measurement of pathological aggregates in biospecimens. A better understanding of the physicochemical factors that control the seeded polymerization of such aggregates, and their amplification in vitro, should allow improvements in existing assay platforms, as well as the development of new assays for other proteopathic aggregates. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of the ionic environment on the polymerization of tau, α-synuclein, and the prion protein (PrP) induced by aggregates in biospecimens. We screened salts of the Hofmeister series, a relative ordering of strongly and weakly hydrated salts that tend to precipitate or solubilize proteins. We found that sensitivities of tau-based assays for Alzheimer's seeds and PrP-based assays for prions were best in weakly hydrated anions. In contrast, we saw an inverse trend with different tau-based assays, improving detection sensitivity for progressive supranuclear palsy seeds by ≈106 Hofmeister analysis also improved detection of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions in human nasal brushings and chronic wasting disease prions in deer-ear homogenates. Our results demonstrate strong and divergent influences of ionic environments on the amplification and detection of proteopathic seeds as biomarkers for protein-folding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Metrick
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia do Carmo Ferreira
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840
| | - Eri Saijo
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840
| | - Andrew G Hughson
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840
| | - Allison Kraus
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840
| | - Christina Orrú
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840
| | - Michael W Miller
- Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, Wildlife Health Program, Fort Collins, CO 80521-1049
| | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Byron Caughey
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840;
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9
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Kraus A, Saijo E, Metrick MA, Newell K, Sigurdson CJ, Zanusso G, Ghetti B, Caughey B. Seeding selectivity and ultrasensitive detection of tau aggregate conformers of Alzheimer disease. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:585-598. [PMID: 30570675 PMCID: PMC6426988 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) involve the abnormal accumulation in the brain of filaments composed of both three-repeat (3R) and four-repeat (4R) (3R/4R) tau isoforms. To probe the molecular basis for AD's tau filament propagation and to improve detection of tau aggregates as potential biomarkers, we have exploited the seeded polymerization growth mechanism of tau filaments to develop a highly selective and ultrasensitive cell-free tau seed amplification assay optimized for AD (AD real-time quaking-induced conversion or AD RT-QuIC). The reaction is based on the ability of AD tau aggregates to seed the formation of amyloid fibrils made of certain recombinant tau fragments. AD RT-QuIC detected seeding activity in AD (n = 16) brains at dilutions as extreme as 107-1010-fold, but was 102-106-fold less responsive when seeded with brain from most cases of other types of tauopathy with comparable loads of predominant 3R or 4R tau aggregates. For example, AD brains had average seeding activities that were orders of magnitude higher than Pick disease brains with predominant 3R tau deposits, but the opposite was true using our previously described Pick-optimized tau RT-QuIC assay. CTE brains (n = 2) had seed concentrations comparable to the weakest of the AD specimens, and higher than 3 of 4 specimens with 3R/4R primary age-related tauopathy. AD seeds shared properties with the tau filaments found in AD brains, as AD seeds were sarkosyl-insoluble, protease resistant, and reactive with tau antibodies. Moreover, AD RT-QuIC detected as little as 16 fg of pure synthetic tau fibrils. The distinctive seeding activity exhibited by AD and CTE tau filaments compared to other types of tauopathies in these seeded polymerization reactions provides a mechanistic basis for their consistent propagation as specific conformers in patients with 3R/4R tau diseases. Importantly, AD RT-QuIC also provides rapid ultrasensitive quantitation of 3R/4R tau-seeding activity as a biomarker.
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Light TP, Corbett KM, Metrick MA, MacDonald G. Hofmeister Ion-Induced Changes in Water Structure Correlate with Changes in Solvation of an Aggregated Protein Complex. Langmuir 2016; 32:1360-1369. [PMID: 26760222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RecA is a naturally aggregating Escherichia coli protein that catalyzes the strand exchange reaction utilized in DNA repair. Previous studies have shown that the presence of salts influence RecA activity, aggregation, and stability and that salts stabilize RecA in an inverse-anionic Hofmeister series. Here we utilized attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) to investigate how various Hofmeister salts alter the water structure and RecA solvation and aggregation. Spectroscopic studies performed in water and deuterium oxide suggest that salts alter water O-(1)H and O-(2)H stretch and bend vibrations as well as protein amide I (or I') and amide II (or II') vibrations. Anions have a much larger influence on water vibrations than cations. Water studies also show increased water-water and/or water-ion interactions in the presence of strongly hydrated SO4(2-) salts and evidence for decreased interactions with weakly hydrated Cl(-) and ClO4(-) salts. Salt-water difference infrared spectra show that kosmotropic salts are more hydrated than chaotropic salts. Interestingly, this is the opposite trend to the changes in protein solvation. Infrared spectra of RecA show that vibrations associated with protein desolvation were observed in the presence of SO4(2-) salts. Conversely, vibrations associated with protein solvation were observed in the presence of Cl(-) and ClO4(-) salts. Difference infrared studies on the dehydration of model proteins aided in identifying changes in RecA-solvent interactions. This study provides evidence that salt-induced changes in water vibrations correlate to changes in protein solvent interactions and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor P Light
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University , Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
| | - Karen M Corbett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University , Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
| | - Michael A Metrick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University , Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
| | - Gina MacDonald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University , Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
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Metrick MA, MacDonald G. Hofmeister ion effects on the solvation and thermal stability of model proteins lysozyme and myoglobin. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Metrick MA, Temple JE, MacDonald G. The effects of buffers and pH on the thermal stability, unfolding and substrate binding of RecA. Biophys Chem 2013; 184:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Metrick MA. The Influence of pH and Buffers on the Thermal Stability and Activity of RecA. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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