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Sundercombe SL, Berbic M, Evans CA, Cliffe C, Elakis G, Temple SEL, Selvanathan A, Ewans L, Quayum N, Nixon CY, Dias KR, Lang S, Richards A, Goh S, Wilson M, Mowat D, Sachdev R, Sandaradura S, Walsh M, Farrar MA, Walsh R, Fletcher J, Kirk EP, Teunisse GM, Schofield D, Buckley MF, Zhu Y, Roscioli T. Clinically Responsive Genomic Analysis Pipelines: Elements to Improve Detection Rate and Efficiency. J Mol Diagn 2021; 23:894-905. [PMID: 33962052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Massively parallel sequencing has markedly improved mendelian diagnostic rates. This study assessed the effects of custom alterations to a diagnostic genomic bioinformatic pipeline in response to clinical need and derived practice recommendations relative to diagnostic rates and efficiency. The Genomic Annotation and Interpretation Application (GAIA) bioinformatics pipeline was designed to detect panel, exome, and genome sample integrity and prioritize gene variants in mendelian disorders. Reanalysis of selected negative cases was performed after improvements to the pipeline. GAIA improvements and their effect on sensitivity are described, including addition of a PubMed search for gene-disease associations not in the Online Mendelian Inheritance of Man database, inclusion of a process for calling low-quality variants (known as QPatch), and gene symbol nomenclature consistency checking. The new pipeline increased the diagnostic rate and reduced staff costs, resulting in a saving of US$844.34 per additional diagnosis. Recommendations for genomic analysis pipeline requirements are summarized. Clinically responsive bioinformatics pipeline improvements increase diagnostic sensitivity and increase cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Berbic
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carey-Anne Evans
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Corrina Cliffe
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George Elakis
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suzanna E L Temple
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arthavan Selvanathan
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Ewans
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nila Quayum
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cheng-Yee Nixon
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerith-Rae Dias
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Lang
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Richards
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shuxiang Goh
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meredith Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Mowat
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rani Sachdev
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Sandaradura
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maie Walsh
- Genetic Medicine Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle A Farrar
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Neurology Department, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Walsh
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janice Fletcher
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edwin P Kirk
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guus M Teunisse
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Schofield
- Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Francis Buckley
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ying Zhu
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
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Roscioli T, Elakis G, Cox TC, Moon DJ, Venselaar H, Turner AM, Le T, Hackett E, Haan E, Colley A, Mowat D, Worgan L, Kirk EP, Sachdev R, Thompson E, Gabbett M, McGaughran J, Gibson K, Gattas M, Freckmann ML, Dixon J, Hoefsloot L, Field M, Hackett A, Kamien B, Edwards M, Adès LC, Collins FA, Wilson MJ, Savarirayan R, Tan TY, Amor DJ, McGillivray G, White SM, Glass IA, David DJ, Anderson PJ, Gianoutsos M, Buckley MF. Genotype and clinical care correlations in craniosynostosis: findings from a cohort of 630 Australian and New Zealand patients. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2013; 163C:259-70. [PMID: 24127277 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is one of the most common craniofacial disorders encountered in clinical genetics practice, with an overall incidence of 1 in 2,500. Between 30% and 70% of syndromic craniosynostoses are caused by mutations in hotspots in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) genes or in the TWIST1 gene with the difference in detection rates likely to be related to different study populations within craniofacial centers. Here we present results from molecular testing of an Australia and New Zealand cohort of 630 individuals with a diagnosis of craniosynostosis. Data were obtained by Sanger sequencing of FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 hotspot exons and the TWIST1 gene, as well as copy number detection of TWIST1. Of the 630 probands, there were 231 who had one of 80 distinct mutations (36%). Among the 80 mutations, 17 novel sequence variants were detected in three of the four genes screened. In addition to the proband cohort there were 96 individuals who underwent predictive or prenatal testing as part of family studies. Dysmorphic features consistent with the known FGFR1-3/TWIST1-associated syndromes were predictive for mutation detection. We also show a statistically significant association between splice site mutations in FGFR2 and a clinical diagnosis of Pfeiffer syndrome, more severe clinical phenotypes associated with FGFR2 exon 10 versus exon 8 mutations, and more frequent surgical procedures in the presence of a pathogenic mutation. Targeting gene hot spot areas for mutation analysis is a useful strategy to maximize the success of molecular diagnosis for individuals with craniosynostosis.
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Bahar AY, Taylor PJ, Andrews L, Proos A, Burnett L, Tucker K, Friedlander M, Buckley MF. The frequency of founder mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2, and APC genes in Australian Ashkenazi Jews: implications for the generality of U.S. population data. Cancer 2001; 92:440-5. [PMID: 11466700 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010715)92:2<440::aid-cncr1340>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that Ashkenazi Jews in the United States and Israel have a high prevalence of the founder mutations BRCA1 185delAG, BRCA1 5382insC, BRCA2 6174delT, and APC I1307K at frequencies of 1.0--1.1%, 0.2--0.3%, 0.6--1.4%, and 6.1--7.0%, respectively. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of these alleles in the Australian Jewish population with that of U.S. Jews. Australian Jews have a different history of migration, with less opportunity for changes in allele frequency due to conversion or intermarriage with non-Jewish Australians. The results obtained therefore can be used to assess whether U.S. data can be generalized to other Jewish populations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Subject samples were ascertained through a screening program for Tay-Sachs disease as part of a community-based screening program in New South Wales and Victoria. DNA extracted from 1200 deidentified blood samples was tested using amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The allele frequencies found were as follows: BRCA1 185delAG 1.25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62--1.88%), BRCA1 5382insC 0.25% (95% CI, 0--0.53%), BRCA2 6174delT 1.08% (95% CI, 0.50--1.67%), and APC I1307K 8.67% (95% CI, 7.07--10.26%). The prevalence of breast carcinoma predisposition alleles therefore is greater than 2.5% in Australian Ashkenazim. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences between the allele frequencies in Australian Ashkenazim and those identified in other studies with similar ascertainment strategies, despite the different migration patterns of Australian Jews. This suggests the broad applicability of the U.S. and Israeli data, not only to Australian Ashkenazim, but also to Ashkenazi communities throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Bahar
- Hereditary Cancer Clinic, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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Buckley MF, Sweeney KJ, Hamilton JA, Sini RL, Manning DL, Nicholson RI, deFazio A, Watts CK, Musgrove EA, Sutherland RL. Expression and amplification of cyclin genes in human breast cancer. Oncogene 1993; 8:2127-33. [PMID: 8336939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cyclins, the regulatory subunits of cyclin-dependent kinases, play an important role in the control of cellular proliferation. Since dysregulated expression of these genes may contribute to the malignant phenotype the expression and amplification of cyclin A, B1, C, D1, D2, D3 and E genes were studied in 20 breast cancer cell lines. Increased expression of one or more of the cyclin A, B1, D1 or E genes was found in seven cell lines (35%); of these five (25%) showed increased expression of cyclin D1. Overexpression occurred in both the presence and absence of gene amplification. Conversely, amplification did not invariably lead to overexpression. Cyclin D2 expression was lower in breast cancer cell lines than in cultured normal breast epithelial cells. Cyclin D1 expression was further investigated in breast tumour biopsies: 56 of 124 specimens (45%) expressed higher levels of cyclin D1 mRNA than normal breast tissue. These data implicate dysregulated expression of several cyclin genes, particularly cyclin D1, as a potential factor in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Buckley
- Cancer Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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