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Kim M, Schöbel L, Geske M, Boccaccini AR, Ghorbani F. Bovine serum albumin-modified 3D printed alginate dialdehyde-gelatin scaffolds incorporating polydopamine/SiO 2-CaO nanoparticles for bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130666. [PMID: 38453119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing allows precise manufacturing of bone scaffolds for patient-specific applications and is one of the most recently developed and implemented technologies. In this study, bilayer and multimaterial alginate dialdehyde-gelatin (ADA-GEL) scaffolds incorporating polydopamine (PDA)/SiO2-CaO nanoparticle complexes were 3D printed using a pneumatic extrusion-based 3D printing technology and further modified on the surface with bovine serum albumin (BSA) for application in bone regeneration. The morphology, chemistry, and in vitro bioactivity of PDA/SiO2-CaO nanoparticle complexes were characterized (n = 3) and compared with those of mesoporous SiO2-CaO nanoparticles. Successful deposition of the PDA layer on the surface of the SiO2-CaO nanoparticles allowed better dispersion in a liquid medium and showed enhanced bioactivity. Rheological studies (n = 3) of ADA-GEL inks consisting of PDA/SiO2-CaO nanoparticle complexes showed results that may indicate better injectability and printability behavior compared to ADA-GEL inks incorporating unmodified nanoparticles. Microscopic observations of 3D printed scaffolds revealed that PDA/SiO2-CaO nanoparticle complexes introduced additional topography onto the surface of 3D printed scaffolds. Additionally, the modified scaffolds were mechanically stable and elastic, closely mimicking the properties of natural bone. Furthermore, protein-coated bilayer scaffolds displayed controllable absorption and biodegradation, enhanced bioactivity, MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, proliferation, and higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (n = 3) compared to unmodified scaffolds. Consequently, the present results confirm that ADA-GEL scaffolds incorporating PDA/SiO2-CaO nanoparticle complexes modified with BSA offer a promising approach for bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJoo Kim
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Schöbel
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Geske
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK.
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2
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Rüther F, Machado R, Gioria E, Kunz SL, Wittich K, Löser P, Geske M, Schunk SA, Glaum R, Rosowski F. Niobium Insertion into α II-VOPO 4: Tuning the Catalytic Properties for Selective Oxidation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Rüther
- BasCat - UniCat BASF JointLab, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rhea Machado
- BasCat - UniCat BASF JointLab, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Esteban Gioria
- BasCat - UniCat BASF JointLab, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia L. Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Geske
- BasCat - UniCat BASF JointLab, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Schunk
- hte GmbH, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Glaum
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Rosowski
- BasCat - UniCat BASF JointLab, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- BASF SE, Catalysis Research, 67063 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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3
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Foppa L, Rüther F, Geske M, Koch G, Girgsdies F, Kube P, Carey SJ, Hävecker M, Timpe O, Tarasov AV, Scheffler M, Rosowski F, Schlögl R, Trunschke A. Data-Centric Heterogeneous Catalysis: Identifying Rules and Materials Genes of Alkane Selective Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3427-3442. [PMID: 36745555 PMCID: PMC9936587 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) can accelerate catalyst design by identifying key physicochemical descriptive parameters correlated with the underlying processes triggering, favoring, or hindering the performance. In analogy to genes in biology, these parameters might be called "materials genes" of heterogeneous catalysis. However, widely used AI methods require big data, and only the smallest part of the available data meets the quality requirement for data-efficient AI. Here, we use rigorous experimental procedures, designed to consistently take into account the kinetics of the catalyst active states formation, to measure 55 physicochemical parameters as well as the reactivity of 12 catalysts toward ethane, propane, and n-butane oxidation reactions. These materials are based on vanadium or manganese redox-active elements and present diverse phase compositions, crystallinities, and catalytic behaviors. By applying the sure-independence-screening-and-sparsifying-operator symbolic-regression approach to the consistent data set, we identify nonlinear property-function relationships depending on several key parameters and reflecting the intricate interplay of processes that govern the formation of olefins and oxygenates: local transport, site isolation, surface redox activity, adsorption, and the material dynamical restructuring under reaction conditions. These processes are captured by parameters derived from N2 adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and near-ambient-pressure in situ XPS. The data-centric approach indicates the most relevant characterization techniques to be used for catalyst design and provides "rules" on how the catalyst properties may be tuned in order to achieve the desired performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Foppa
- The
NOMAD Laboratory at the Fritz-Haber-Institut of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
and IRIS-Adlershof of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany,
| | - Frederik Rüther
- BasCat
- UniCat BASF JointLab, Hardenbergstraße 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Geske
- BasCat
- UniCat BASF JointLab, Hardenbergstraße 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregor Koch
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Kube
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Spencer J. Carey
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany,Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Olaf Timpe
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey V. Tarasov
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Scheffler
- The
NOMAD Laboratory at the Fritz-Haber-Institut of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
and IRIS-Adlershof of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Rosowski
- BasCat
- UniCat BASF JointLab, Hardenbergstraße 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany,BASF
SE, Catalysis Research, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, D-67065 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany,
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Khatamirad M, Konrad M, Gentzen MF, Almer C, Bottke N, Geske M, Rosowski F, Kraehnert R, Boscagli C. Silica‐supported Catalyst System Rh‐Mn‐Ir‐Li‐Ti in Syngas to Ethanol Reaction: Reactivity Trends and Performance Optimization. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202201104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khatamirad
- Technische Universität Berlin BasCat (chemistry) Hardenbergstraße 36 10623 Berlin GERMANY
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Geske
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin BasCat - UniCat BASF JointLab Hardenbergstrasse 36 10623 Berlin GERMANY
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Machado R, Dimitrakopoulou M, Girgsdies F, Löser P, Xie J, Wittich K, Weber M, Geske M, Glaum R, Karbstein A, Rosowski F, Titlbach S, Skorupska K, Tarasov AV, Schlögl R, Schunk SA. Platinum Group Metal-Doped Tungsten Phosphates for Selective C–H Activation of Lower Alkanes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Machado
- BasCat-UniCat BASF JointLab, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Frank Girgsdies
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jingxiu Xie
- BasCat-UniCat BASF JointLab, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Wittich
- hte GmbH, Kurpfalzring 104, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Weber
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Geske
- BasCat-UniCat BASF JointLab, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Glaum
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Karbstein
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Rosowski
- BasCat-UniCat BASF JointLab, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- BASF SE, Process Research and Chemical Engineering, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sven Titlbach
- BASF SE, Process Research and Chemical Engineering, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Andrey V. Tarasov
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Schunk
- hte GmbH, Kurpfalzring 104, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
- BASF SE, Process Research and Chemical Engineering, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Ingale P, Knemeyer K, Preikschas P, Ye M, Geske M, Naumann d'Alnoncourt R, Thomas A, Rosowski F. Design of PtZn nanoalloy catalysts for propane dehydrogenation through interface tailoring via atomic layer deposition. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01528h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic approach for precise formation of PtZn bimetallic nano-alloys is reported, which are highly active and selective towards propane dehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Ingale
- BasCat – UniCat BASF JointLab
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin 10623
- Germany
| | - Kristian Knemeyer
- BasCat – UniCat BASF JointLab
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin 10623
- Germany
| | - Phil Preikschas
- BasCat – UniCat BASF JointLab
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin 10623
- Germany
| | - Mengyang Ye
- Functional Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin 10623
- Germany
| | - Michael Geske
- BasCat – UniCat BASF JointLab
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin 10623
- Germany
| | | | - Arne Thomas
- Functional Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin 10623
- Germany
| | - Frank Rosowski
- BasCat – UniCat BASF JointLab
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin 10623
- Germany
- BASF SE
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Alvarado JA, Chau P, Wu J, Juster R, Shifera AS, Geske M. Profiling of Cytokines Secreted by Conventional Aqueous Outflow Pathway Endothelial Cells Activated In Vitro and Ex Vivo With Laser Irradiation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:7100-8. [PMID: 26529044 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To profile which cytokine genes are differentially expressed (DE) as up- or downregulated by cultured human trabecular meshwork (TMEs) and Schlemm's canal endothelial cells (SCEs) after three experimental treatments consisting of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) irradiation, exposure to media conditioned either by SLT-irradiated TMEs (TME-cm) or by SCEs (SCE-cm). Also, to profile which cytokines are upregulated ex vivo in SLT-irradiated human conventional aqueous outflow pathway (CAOP) tissues. METHODS After each treatment, Affymetrix microarray assays were used to detect upregulated and downregulated genes for cytokines and their receptors in TMEs and SCEs. ELISA and protein antibody arrays were used to detect upregulated cytokines secreted in SLT-irradiated CAOP tissues ex vivo. RESULTS The SLT irradiation upregulated numerous cytokine genes in TMEs, but only a few in SCEs. Exposure to TME- and SCE-cm induced SCEs to upregulate many more cytokine genes than TMEs. Selective laser trabeculoplasty irradiation and exposure to TME-cm downregulated several cytokine genes in TMEs but none in SCEs. Selective laser trabeculoplasty irradiation induced one upregulated and three downregulated cytokine-receptor genes in TMEs but none in SCEs. Exposure to TME-cm induced upregulation of one and downregulation of another receptor gene in TMEs, whereas two unique cytokine-receptor genes were upregulated in SCEs. Cytokine protein expression analysis showed that at least eight cytokines were upregulated in SLT-irradiated human CAOP tissues in situ/ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study has helped us identify a cytokine signaling pathway and to consider newly identified mechanisms regulating aqueous outflow that may lay the foundation for the future development of cytokine-based glaucoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Alvarado
- Beckman Vision Center Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Phuonglan Chau
- Beckman Vision Center Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Beckman Vision Center Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Richard Juster
- Beckman Vision Center Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Amde Selassie Shifera
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Michael Geske
- Beckman Vision Center Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
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Kwapien K, Paier J, Sauer J, Geske M, Zavyalova U, Horn R, Schwach P, Trunschke A, Schlögl R. Zentren der Methanaktivierung auf Oberflächen von Lithium-dotiertem MgO. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kwapien K, Paier J, Sauer J, Geske M, Zavyalova U, Horn R, Schwach P, Trunschke A, Schlögl R. Sites for Methane Activation on Lithium-Doped Magnesium Oxide Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8774-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Korup O, Goldsmith CF, Weinberg G, Geske M, Kandemir T, Schlögl R, Horn R. Catalytic partial oxidation of methane on platinum investigated by spatial reactor profiles, spatially resolved spectroscopy, and microkinetic modeling. J Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Geske M, Korup O, Horn R. Resolving kinetics and dynamics of a catalytic reaction inside a fixed bed reactor by combined kinetic and spectroscopic profiling. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy20489d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Shah MN, Leonard JR, Inder G, Gao F, Geske M, Haydon DH, Omodon ME, Evans J, Morales D, Dacey RG, Smyth MD, Chicoine MR, Limbrick DD. Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging to reduce the rate of early reoperation for lesion resection in pediatric neurosurgery. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2012; 9:259-64. [PMID: 22380953 DOI: 10.3171/2011.12.peds11227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT This study describes the pediatric experience with a dual-multifunction-room IMRIS 1.5-T intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) suite and analyzes its impact on clinical variables associated with neurosurgical resection of intracranial lesions, including safety and efficacy. METHODS Since the inception of the iMRI-guided resection program in April 2008 at both Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children's Hospital, a prospective database recorded the clinical variables associated with demographics and outcome with institutional review board approval. A similarly approved retrospective database was constructed from February 2006 to March 2010 for non-iMRI resections. These databases were retrospectively reviewed for clinical variables associated with resection of pediatric (age 20 months-21 years) intracranial lesions including brain tumors and focal cortical dysplasia. Patient demographics, operative time, estimated blood loss, additional resection, length of stay, pathology, and complications were analyzed. RESULTS The authors found that 42 iMRI-guided resections were performed, whereas 103 conventional resections had been performed without the iMRI. The mean patient age was 10.5 years (range 20 months-20 years) in the iMRI group and 9.8 years (range 2-21 years) in the conventional group (p = 0.41). The mean duration of surgery was 350 minutes in the iMRI group and 243 minutes in the conventional group (p < 0.0001). The mean hospital stay was 8.2 days in the iMRI group, and 6.6 days in the conventional group, and this trended toward significance (p = 0.05). In the first 2 weeks postoperatively, there were 8 reoperations (7.77%) in the conventional group compared with none in the iMRI group, which was not significant in a 2-tailed test (p = 0.11) but trended toward significance in a 1-tailed test (p = 0.06). The significant complications included reoperation for hydrocephalus or infection: 6.8% (conventional) versus 4.8% (iMRI). CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative MR imaging-guided resections resulted in a trend toward reduction in the need for repeat surgery in the immediate 2-week postoperative period compared with conventional pediatric neurosurgical resections for tumor or focal cortical dysplasia. Although there is an increased operative time, the iMRI suite offers a comparable safety and efficacy profile while potentially reducing the per-case cost by diminishing the need for early reoperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish N Shah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School ofMedicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Zavyalova U, Geske M, Horn R, Weinberg G, Frandsen W, Schuster M, Schlögl R. Cover Picture: Morphology and Microstructure of Li/MgO Catalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane (ChemCatChem 6/2011). ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201190023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zavyalova U, Geske M, Horn R, Weinberg G, Frandsen W, Schuster M, Schlögl R. Morphology and Microstructure of Li/MgO Catalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Horn R, Korup O, Geske M, Zavyalova U, Oprea I, Schlögl R. Reactor for in situ measurements of spatially resolved kinetic data in heterogeneous catalysis. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:064102. [PMID: 20590252 DOI: 10.1063/1.3428727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes a reactor that allows in situ measurements of spatially resolved kinetic data in heterogeneous catalysis. The reactor design allows measurements up to temperatures of 1300 degrees C and 45 bar pressure, i.e., conditions of industrial relevance. The reactor involves reactants flowing through a solid catalyst bed containing a sampling capillary with a side sampling orifice through which a small fraction of the reacting fluid (gas or liquid) is transferred into an analytical device (e.g., mass spectrometer, gas chromatograph, high pressure liquid chromatograph) for quantitative analysis. The sampling capillary can be moved with microm resolution in or against flow direction to measure species profiles through the catalyst bed. Rotation of the sampling capillary allows averaging over several scan lines. The position of the sampling orifice is such that the capillary channel through the catalyst bed remains always occupied by the capillary preventing flow disturbance and fluid bypassing. The second function of the sampling capillary is to provide a well which can accommodate temperature probes such as a thermocouple or a pyrometer fiber. If a thermocouple is inserted in the sampling capillary and aligned with the sampling orifice fluid temperature profiles can be measured. A pyrometer fiber can be used to measure the temperature profile of the solid catalyst bed. Spatial profile measurements are demonstrated for methane oxidation on Pt and methane oxidative coupling on Li/MgO, both catalysts supported on reticulated alpha-Al(2)O(3) foam supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Horn
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the MPG, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
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