1
|
Ziemba M, Weyel J, Zeller P, Welzenbach J, Efimenko A, Hävecker M, Hess C. Importance of Metal-Support Interactions for CO 2 Hydrogenation: An Operando Near-Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study on Gold-Loaded In 2O 3 and CeO 2 Catalysts. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:4928-4932. [PMID: 38686678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Metal-support interactions, which are essential for the design of supported metal catalysts, used, e.g., for CO2 activation, are still only partially understood. In this study of gold-loaded In2O3 and CeO2 catalysts during CO2 hydrogenation using near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, supported by near edge X-ray absorption fine structure, we demonstrate that the role of the noble metal strongly depends upon the choice of the support material. Temperature-dependent analyses of X-ray photoelectron spectra under reaction conditions reveal that gold is reduced on CeO2, enabling direct H2 activation, but oxidized on In2O3, leading to decreased activity of Au/In2O3 compared to bare In2O3. At elevated temperatures, the catalytic activity of the In2O3 catalysts strongly increases as a result of facilitated CO2 and (In2O3-based) H2 activation, while the catalytic activity of Au/CeO2 is limited by reoxidation by CO2. Our results underline the importance of operando studies for understanding metal-support interactions to enable a rational support selection in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ziemba
- Eduard Zintl Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jakob Weyel
- Eduard Zintl Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Patrick Zeller
- BESSY II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Welzenbach
- Eduard Zintl Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anna Efimenko
- Interface Design, BESSY II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Energy Materials In-Situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), BESSY II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christian Hess
- Eduard Zintl Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mom RV, Sandoval-Diaz LE, Gao D, Chuang CH, Carbonio EA, Jones TE, Arrigo R, Ivanov D, Hävecker M, Roldan Cuenya B, Schlögl R, Lunkenbein T, Knop-Gericke A, Velasco-Vélez JJ. Assessment of the Degradation Mechanisms of Cu Electrodes during the CO 2 Reduction Reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37318204 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst degradation and product selectivity changes are two of the key challenges in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 on copper electrodes. Yet, these aspects are often overlooked. Here, we combine in situ X-ray spectroscopy, in situ electron microscopy, and ex situ characterization techniques to follow the long-term evolution of the catalyst morphology, electronic structure, surface composition, activity, and product selectivity of Cu nanosized crystals during the CO2 reduction reaction. We found no changes in the electronic structure of the electrode under cathodic potentiostatic control over time, nor was there any build-up of contaminants. In contrast, the electrode morphology is modified by prolonged CO2 electroreduction, which transforms the initially faceted Cu particles into a rough/rounded structure. In conjunction with these morphological changes, the current increases and the selectivity changes from value-added hydrocarbons to less valuable side reaction products, i.e., hydrogen and CO. Hence, our results suggest that the stabilization of a faceted Cu morphology is pivotal for ensuring optimal long-term performance in the selective reduction of CO2 into hydrocarbons and oxygenated products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rik V Mom
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis-Ernesto Sandoval-Diaz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dunfeng Gao
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Chuang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Emilia A Carbonio
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zemtrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Travis E Jones
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- School of Sciences, University of Salford, Environment and Life, Cockcroft Building, M5 4WT Manchester, U.K
| | - Danail Ivanov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Juan-Jesús Velasco-Vélez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallés (Barcelona) 08290, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Foppa L, Rüther F, Geske M, Koch G, Girgsdies F, Kube P, Carey SJ, Hävecker M, Timpe O, Tarasov AV, Scheffler M, Rosowski F, Schlögl R, Trunschke A. Data-Centric Heterogeneous Catalysis: Identifying Rules and Materials Genes of Alkane Selective Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3427-3442. [PMID: 36745555 PMCID: PMC9936587 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) can accelerate catalyst design by identifying key physicochemical descriptive parameters correlated with the underlying processes triggering, favoring, or hindering the performance. In analogy to genes in biology, these parameters might be called "materials genes" of heterogeneous catalysis. However, widely used AI methods require big data, and only the smallest part of the available data meets the quality requirement for data-efficient AI. Here, we use rigorous experimental procedures, designed to consistently take into account the kinetics of the catalyst active states formation, to measure 55 physicochemical parameters as well as the reactivity of 12 catalysts toward ethane, propane, and n-butane oxidation reactions. These materials are based on vanadium or manganese redox-active elements and present diverse phase compositions, crystallinities, and catalytic behaviors. By applying the sure-independence-screening-and-sparsifying-operator symbolic-regression approach to the consistent data set, we identify nonlinear property-function relationships depending on several key parameters and reflecting the intricate interplay of processes that govern the formation of olefins and oxygenates: local transport, site isolation, surface redox activity, adsorption, and the material dynamical restructuring under reaction conditions. These processes are captured by parameters derived from N2 adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and near-ambient-pressure in situ XPS. The data-centric approach indicates the most relevant characterization techniques to be used for catalyst design and provides "rules" on how the catalyst properties may be tuned in order to achieve the desired performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Foppa
- The
NOMAD Laboratory at the Fritz-Haber-Institut of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
and IRIS-Adlershof of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany,
| | - Frederik Rüther
- BasCat
- UniCat BASF JointLab, Hardenbergstraße 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Geske
- BasCat
- UniCat BASF JointLab, Hardenbergstraße 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregor Koch
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Kube
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Spencer J. Carey
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany,Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Olaf Timpe
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey V. Tarasov
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Scheffler
- The
NOMAD Laboratory at the Fritz-Haber-Institut of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
and IRIS-Adlershof of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Rosowski
- BasCat
- UniCat BASF JointLab, Hardenbergstraße 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany,BASF
SE, Catalysis Research, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, D-67065 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arrigo R, Blume R, Streibel V, Genovese C, Roldan A, Schuster ME, Ampelli C, Perathoner S, Velasco Vélez JJ, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R, Centi G. Dynamics at Polarized Carbon Dioxide–Iron Oxyhydroxide Interfaces Unveil the Origin of Multicarbon Product Formation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Arrigo
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Cockcroft Building, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, U.K
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Raoul Blume
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Verena Streibel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara Genovese
- Departments ChiBioFarAm, ERIC aisbl, and CASPE/INSTM, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Roldan
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales U.K
| | | | - Claudio Ampelli
- Departments ChiBioFarAm, ERIC aisbl, and CASPE/INSTM, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Siglinda Perathoner
- Departments ChiBioFarAm, ERIC aisbl, and CASPE/INSTM, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Juan J. Velasco Vélez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Gabriele Centi
- Departments ChiBioFarAm, ERIC aisbl, and CASPE/INSTM, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koch G, Hävecker M, Kube P, Tarasov A, Schlögl R, Trunschke A. The Influence of the Chemical Potential on Defects and Function of Perovskites in Catalysis. Front Chem 2021; 9:746229. [PMID: 34604174 PMCID: PMC8485044 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.746229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A Sm-deficient Sm0.96MnO3 perovskite was prepared on a gram scale to investigate the influence of the chemical potential of the gas phase on the defect concentration, the oxidation states of the metals and the nature of the oxygen species at the surface. The oxide was treated at 450°C in nitrogen, synthetic air, oxygen, water vapor or CO and investigated for its properties as a catalyst in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane both before and after treatment. After treatment in water vapor, but especially after treatment with CO, increased selectivity to propene was observed, but only when water vapor was added to the reaction gas. As shown by XRD, SEM, EDX and XRF, the bulk structure of the oxide remained stable under all conditions. In contrast, the surface underwent strong changes. This was shown by AP-XPS and AP-NEXAFS measurements in the presence of the different gas atmospheres at elevated temperatures. The treatment with CO caused a partial reduction of the metals at the surface, leading to changes in the charge of the cations, which was compensated by an increased concentration of oxygen defects. Based on the present experiments, the influence of defects and concentration of electrophilic oxygen species at the catalyst surface on the selectivity in propane oxidation is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Koch
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Mühlheim, Germany
| | - Pierre Kube
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey Tarasov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Mühlheim, Germany
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Foppa L, Ghiringhelli LM, Girgsdies F, Hashagen M, Kube P, Hävecker M, Carey SJ, Tarasov A, Kraus P, Rosowski F, Schlögl R, Trunschke A, Scheffler M. Materials genes of heterogeneous catalysis from clean experiments and artificial intelligence. MRS Bull 2021; 46:1016-1026. [PMID: 35221466 PMCID: PMC8825435 DOI: 10.1557/s43577-021-00165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The performance in heterogeneous catalysis is an example of a complex materials function, governed by an intricate interplay of several processes (e.g., the different surface chemical reactions, and the dynamic restructuring of the catalyst material at reaction conditions). Modeling the full catalytic progression via first-principles statistical mechanics is impractical, if not impossible. Instead, we show here how a tailored artificial-intelligence approach can be applied, even to a small number of materials, to model catalysis and determine the key descriptive parameters ("materials genes") reflecting the processes that trigger, facilitate, or hinder catalyst performance. We start from a consistent experimental set of "clean data," containing nine vanadium-based oxidation catalysts. These materials were synthesized, fully characterized, and tested according to standardized protocols. By applying the symbolic-regression SISSO approach, we identify correlations between the few most relevant materials properties and their reactivity. This approach highlights the underlying physicochemical processes, and accelerates catalyst design. IMPACT STATEMENT Artificial intelligence (AI) accepts that there are relationships or correlations that cannot be expressed in terms of a closed mathematical form or an easy-to-do numerical simulation. For the function of materials, for example, catalysis, AI may well capture the behavior better than the theory of the past. However, currently the flexibility of AI comes together with a lack of interpretability, and AI can only predict aspects that were included in the training. The approach proposed and demonstrated in this IMPACT article is interpretable. It combines detailed experimental data (called "clean data") and symbolic regression for the identification of the key descriptive parameters (called "materials genes") that are correlated with the materials function. The approach demonstrated here for the catalytic oxidation of propane will accelerate the discovery of improved or novel materials while also enhancing physical understanding. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1557/s43577-021-00165-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Foppa
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca M. Ghiringhelli
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Hashagen
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Kube
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Mülheim, Germany
| | - Spencer J. Carey
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey Tarasov
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kraus
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
- Present Address: School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Frank Rosowski
- BASF SE, Process Reseach and Chemical Engineering, Heterogeneous Catalysis, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Mülheim, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Scheffler
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Velasco-Vélez JJ, Carbonio EA, Chuang CH, Hsu CJ, Lee JF, Arrigo R, Hävecker M, Wang R, Plodinec M, Wang FR, Centeno A, Zurutuza A, Falling LJ, Mom RV, Hofmann S, Schlögl R, Knop-Gericke A, Jones TE. Surface Electron-Hole Rich Species Active in the Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12524-12534. [PMID: 34355571 PMCID: PMC8397309 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Iridium and ruthenium and their oxides/hydroxides are the best
candidates for the oxygen evolution reaction under harsh acidic conditions
owing to the low overpotentials observed for Ru- and Ir-based anodes
and the high corrosion resistance of Ir-oxides. Herein, by means of
cutting edge operando surface and bulk sensitive
X-ray spectroscopy techniques, specifically designed electrode nanofabrication
and ab initio DFT calculations, we were able to reveal
the electronic structure of the active IrOx centers (i.e., oxidation state) during electrocatalytic oxidation
of water in the surface and bulk of high-performance Ir-based catalysts.
We found the oxygen evolution reaction is controlled by the formation
of empty Ir 5d states in the surface ascribed to the formation of
formally IrV species leading to the appearance of electron-deficient
oxygen species bound to single iridium atoms (μ1-O
and μ1-OH) that are responsible for water activation
and oxidation. Oxygen bound to three iridium centers (μ3-O) remains the dominant species in the bulk but do not participate
directly in the electrocatalytic reaction, suggesting bulk oxidation
is limited. In addition a high coverage of a μ1-OO
(peroxo) species during the OER is excluded. Moreover, we provide
the first photoelectron spectroscopic evidence in bulk electrolyte
that the higher surface-to-bulk ratio in thinner electrodes enhances
the material usage involving the precipitation of a significant part
of the electrode surface and near-surface active species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Jesús Velasco-Vélez
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Emilia A Carbonio
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany.,Helmholtz-Center Berlin for Materials and Energy, BESSY II, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Cheng-Hao Chuang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jhih Hsu
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Fu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- School of Sciences, University of Salford, Environment and Life, Cockcroft building, M5 4WT, Manchester, U.K
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Milivoj Plodinec
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany.,Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Feng Ryan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Placa, London WC1E7JE, U.K
| | | | | | - Lorenz J Falling
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Rik Valentijn Mom
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Travis E Jones
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Falling LJ, Mom RV, Sandoval Diaz LE, Nakhaie S, Stotz E, Ivanov D, Hävecker M, Lunkenbein T, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R, Velasco-Vélez JJ. Graphene-Capped Liquid Thin Films for Electrochemical Operando X-ray Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:37680-37692. [PMID: 32702231 PMCID: PMC7458360 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry is a promising building block for the global transition to a sustainable energy market. Particularly the electroreduction of CO2 and the electrolysis of water might be strategic elements for chemical energy conversion. The reactions of interest are inner-sphere reactions, which occur on the surface of the electrode, and the biased interface between the electrode surface and the electrolyte is of central importance to the reactivity of an electrode. However, a potential-dependent observation of this buried interface is challenging, which slows the development of catalyst materials. Here we describe a sample architecture using a graphene blanket that allows surface sensitive studies of biased electrochemical interfaces. At the examples of near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), we show that the combination of a graphene blanket and a permeable membrane leads to the formation of a liquid thin film between them. This liquid thin film is stable against a water partial pressure below 1 mbar. These properties of the sample assembly extend the study of solid-liquid interfaces to highly surface sensitive techniques, such as electron spectroscopy/microscopy. In fact, photoelectrons with an effective attenuation length of only 10 Å can be detected, which is close to the absolute minimum possible in aqueous solutions. The in-situ cells and the sample preparation necessary to employ our method are comparatively simple. Transferring this approach to other surface sensitive measurement techniques should therefore be straightforward. We see our approach as a starting point for more studies on electrochemical interfaces and surface processes under applied potential. Such studies would be of high value for the rational design of electrocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz J. Falling
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rik V. Mom
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis E. Sandoval Diaz
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Siamak Nakhaie
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eugen Stotz
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Danail Ivanov
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Juan-Jesús Velasco-Vélez
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Koch G, Hävecker M, Teschner D, Carey SJ, Wang Y, Kube P, Hetaba W, Lunkenbein T, Auffermann G, Timpe O, Rosowski F, Schlögl R, Trunschke A. Surface Conditions That Constrain Alkane Oxidation on Perovskites. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Koch
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Detre Teschner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Spencer J. Carey
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuanqing Wang
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- BasCat - UniCat BASF JointLab, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. EW K 01, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Kube
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Walid Hetaba
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Auffermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Olaf Timpe
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Rosowski
- BASF SE, Process Research and Chemical Engineering, Heterogeneous Catalysis, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Anke S, Falk T, Bendt G, Sinev I, Hävecker M, Antoni H, Zegkinoglou I, Jeon H, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R, Roldan Cuenya B, Schulz S, Muhler M. On the reversible deactivation of cobalt ferrite spinel nanoparticles applied in selective 2-propanol oxidation. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Götsch T, Köpfle N, Grünbacher M, Bernardi J, Carbonio EA, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Bekheet MF, Schlicker L, Doran A, Gurlo A, Franz A, Klötzer B, Penner S. Crystallographic and electronic evolution of lanthanum strontium ferrite (La0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ) thin film and bulk model systems during iron exsolution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3781-3794. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07743f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We study the changes in the crystallographic phases and in the chemical states during the iron exsolution process of lanthanum strontium ferrite (LSF, La0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ).
Collapse
|
12
|
Velasco-Vélez JJ, Teschner D, Girgsdies F, Hävecker M, Streibel V, Willinger MG, Cao J, Lamoth M, Frei E, Wang R, Centeno A, Zurutuza A, Hofmann S, Schlögl R, Knop-Gericke A. Correction to: The Role of Adsorbed and Subsurface Carbon Species for the Selective Alkyne Hydrogenation Over a Pd-Black Catalyst: An Operando Study of Bulk and Surface. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-1090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Köpfle N, Götsch T, Grünbacher M, Carbonio EA, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlicker L, Doran A, Kober D, Gurlo A, Penner S, Klötzer B. Zirconium-assistierte Aktivierung von Palladium zur Steigerung der Produktion von Synthesegas in der Trockenreformierung von Methan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Köpfle
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Universität Innsbruck; Innrain 52 c 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Thomas Götsch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Universität Innsbruck; Innrain 52 c 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Matthias Grünbacher
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Universität Innsbruck; Innrain 52 c 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Emilia A. Carbonio
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie; Fritz-Haber-Institut, der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Berlin Deutschland
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; BESSY II; Berlin Deutschland
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie; Fritz-Haber-Institut, der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Berlin Deutschland
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie; Fritz-Haber-Institut, der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Berlin Deutschland
| | - Lukas Schlicker
- Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe; Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und -technologien; Technische Universität Berlin; Deutschland
| | - Andrew Doran
- Advanced Light Source, Beamline 12.2.2.; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley USA
| | - Delf Kober
- Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe; Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und -technologien; Technische Universität Berlin; Deutschland
| | - Aleksander Gurlo
- Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe; Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und -technologien; Technische Universität Berlin; Deutschland
| | - Simon Penner
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Universität Innsbruck; Innrain 52 c 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Bernhard Klötzer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Universität Innsbruck; Innrain 52 c 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Streibel V, Hävecker M, Yi Y, Velasco Vélez JJ, Skorupska K, Stotz E, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R, Arrigo R. In Situ Electrochemical Cells to Study the Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Near Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-1061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
15
|
Köpfle N, Götsch T, Grünbacher M, Carbonio EA, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlicker L, Doran A, Kober D, Gurlo A, Penner S, Klötzer B. Zirconium-Assisted Activation of Palladium To Boost Syngas Production by Methane Dry Reforming. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14613-14618. [PMID: 30179293 PMCID: PMC6221108 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
C-saturated Pd0 nanoparticles with an extended phase boundary to ZrO2 evolve from a Pd0 Zr0 precatalyst under CH4 dry reforming conditions. This highly active catalyst state fosters bifunctional action: CO2 is efficiently activated at oxidic phase boundary sites and Pdx C provides fast supply of C-atoms toward the latter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Köpfle
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52 c, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Götsch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52 c, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Grünbacher
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52 c, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Emilia A Carbonio
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Schlicker
- Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und -technologien, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Doran
- Advanced Light Source, Beamline 12.2.2., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Delf Kober
- Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und -technologien, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aleksander Gurlo
- Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und -technologien, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Penner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52 c, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Klötzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52 c, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lukashuk L, Yigit N, Rameshan R, Kolar E, Teschner D, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R, Föttinger K, Rupprechter G. Operando Insights into CO Oxidation on Cobalt Oxide Catalysts by NAP-XPS, FTIR, and XRD. ACS Catal 2018; 8:8630-8641. [PMID: 30221030 PMCID: PMC6135594 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Cobalt
oxide Co3O4 has recently emerged as promising,
noble metal-free catalyst for oxidation reactions but a better understanding
of the active catalyst under working conditions is required for further
development and potential commercialization. An operando approach
has been applied, combining near ambient (atmospheric) pressure X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), or X-ray diffraction (XRD) with simultaneous catalytic tests
of CO oxidation on Co3O4, enabling one to monitor
surface and bulk states under various reaction conditions (steady-state
and dynamic conditions switching between CO and O2). On
the basis of the surface-specific chemical information a complex network
of different reaction pathways unfolded: Mars-van-Krevelen (MvK),
CO dissociation followed by carbon oxidation, and formation of carbonates.
A possible Langmuir–Hinshelwood (LH) pathway cannot be excluded
because of the good activity when no oxygen vacancies were detected.
The combined NAP-XPS/FTIR results are in line with a MvK mechanism
above 100 °C, involving the Co3+/Co2+ redox
couple and oxygen vacancy formation. Under steady state, the Co3O4 surface appeared oxidized and the amount of
reduced Co2+ species at/near the surface remained low up
to 200 °C. Only in pure CO, about 15% of surface reduction were
detected, suggesting that the active sites are a minority species.
The operando spectroscopic studies also revealed additional reaction
pathways: CO dissociation followed by carbon reoxidation and carbonate
formation and its decomposition. However, due to their thermal stability
in various atmospheres, the carbonates are rather spectators and also
CO dissociation seems a minor route. This study thus highlights the
benefits of combining operando surface sensitive techniques to gain
insight into catalytically active surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Lukashuk
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Nevzat Yigit
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Raffael Rameshan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Kolar
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Detre Teschner
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Karin Föttinger
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, Vienna 1060, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Klyushin AY, Jones TE, Lunkenbein T, Kube P, Li X, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R. Strong Metal Support Interaction as a Key Factor of Au Activation in CO Oxidation. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yu. Klyushin
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society; Faradayweg 4-6 Berlin 14195 Germany
- Division of Energy Material; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 Berlin 12489 Germany
| | - Travis E. Jones
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society; Faradayweg 4-6 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society; Faradayweg 4-6 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Pierre Kube
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society; Faradayweg 4-6 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society; Faradayweg 4-6 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions; Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion; Stiftstrasse 34-36 Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470 Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society; Faradayweg 4-6 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society; Faradayweg 4-6 Berlin 14195 Germany
- Division of Energy Material; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 Berlin 12489 Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions; Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion; Stiftstrasse 34-36 Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rameshan C, Li H, Anic K, Roiaz M, Pramhaas V, Rameshan R, Blume R, Hävecker M, Knudsen J, Knop-Gericke A, Rupprechter G. In situ NAP-XPS spectroscopy during methane dry reforming on ZrO 2/Pt(1 1 1) inverse model catalyst. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:264007. [PMID: 29786619 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aac6ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the need of sustainable energy sources, methane dry reforming is a useful reaction for conversion of the greenhouse gases CH4 and CO2 to synthesis gas (CO + H2). Syngas is the basis for a wide range of commodity chemicals and can be utilized for fuel production via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The current study focuses on spectroscopic investigations of the surface and reaction properties of a ZrO2/Pt inverse model catalyst, i.e. ZrO2 particles (islands) grown on a Pt(1 1 1) single crystal, with emphasis on in situ near ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) during MDR reaction. In comparison to technological systems, model catalysts facilitate characterization of the surface (oxidation) state, surface adsorbates, and the role of the metal-support interface. Using XPS and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy we demonstrated that under reducing conditions (UHV or CH4) the ZrO2 particles transformed to an ultrathin ZrO2 film that started to cover (wet) the Pt surface in an SMSI-like fashion, paralleled by a decrease in surface/interface oxygen. In contrast, (more oxidizing) dry reforming conditions with a 1:1 ratio of CH4 and CO2 were stabilizing the ZrO2 particles on the model catalyst surface (or were even reversing the strong metal support interaction (SMSI) effect), as revealed by in situ XPS. Carbon deposits resulting from CH4 dissociation were easily removed by CO2 or by switching to dry reforming conditions (673-873 K). Thus, at these temperatures the active Pt surface remained free of carbon deposits, also preserving the ZrO2/Pt interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Rameshan
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Opitz AK, Rameshan C, Kubicek M, Rupp GM, Nenning A, Götsch T, Blume R, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Rupprechter G, Klötzer B, Fleig J. The Chemical Evolution of the La 0.6Sr 0.4CoO 3-δ Surface Under SOFC Operating Conditions and Its Implications for Electrochemical Oxygen Exchange Activity. Top Catal 2018; 61:2129-2141. [PMID: 30930590 PMCID: PMC6404788 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-1068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its extraordinary high activity for catalysing the oxygen exchange reaction, strontium doped LaCoO3 (LSC) is one of the most promising materials for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes. However, under SOFC operating conditions this material suffers from performance degradation. This loss of electrochemical activity has been extensively studied in the past and an accumulation of strontium at the LSC surface has been shown to be responsible for most of the degradation effects. The present study sheds further light onto LSC surface changes also occurring under SOFC operating conditions. In-situ near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were conducted at temperatures between 400 and 790 °C. Simultaneously, electrochemical impedance measurements were performed to characterise the catalytic activity of the LSC electrode surface for O2 reduction. This combination allowed a correlation of the loss in electro-catalytic activity with the appearance of an additional La-containing Sr-oxide species at the LSC surface. This additional Sr-oxide species preferentially covers electrochemically active Co sites at the surface, and thus very effectively decreases the oxygen exchange performance of LSC. Formation of precipitates, in contrast, was found to play a less important role for the electrochemical degradation of LSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Opitz
- 1Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Rameshan
- 2Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/165-PC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kubicek
- 1Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ghislain M Rupp
- 1Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Nenning
- 1Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,6Present Address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 02139 Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Thomas Götsch
- 3Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raoul Blume
- 4Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- 4Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- 4Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,5Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45413 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- 2Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/165-PC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Klötzer
- 3Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jürgen Fleig
- 1Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Opitz AK, Nenning A, Rameshan C, Kubicek M, Götsch T, Blume R, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Rupprechter G, Klötzer B, Fleig J. Surface Chemistry of Perovskite-Type Electrodes During High Temperature CO 2 Electrolysis Investigated by Operando Photoelectron Spectroscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:35847-35860. [PMID: 28933825 PMCID: PMC5740481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Any substantial move of energy sources from fossil fuels to renewable resources requires large scale storage of excess energy, for example, via power to fuel processes. In this respect electrochemical reduction of CO2 may become very important, since it offers a method of sustainable CO production, which is a crucial prerequisite for synthesis of sustainable fuels. Carbon dioxide reduction in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) is particularly promising owing to the high operating temperature, which leads to both improved thermodynamics and fast kinetics. Additionally, compared to purely chemical CO formation on oxide catalysts, SOECs have the outstanding advantage that the catalytically active oxygen vacancies are continuously formed at the counter electrode, and move to the working electrode where they reactivate the oxide surface without the need of a preceding chemical (e.g., by H2) or thermal reduction step. In the present work, the surface chemistry of (La,Sr)FeO3-δ and (La,Sr)CrO3-δ based perovskite-type electrodes was studied during electrochemical CO2 reduction by means of near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) at SOEC operating temperatures. These measurements revealed the formation of a carbonate intermediate, which develops on the oxide surface only upon cathodic polarization (i.e., under sufficiently reducing conditions). The amount of this adsorbate increases with increasing oxygen vacancy concentration of the electrode material, thus suggesting vacant oxygen lattice sites as the predominant adsorption sites for carbon dioxide. The correlation of carbonate coverage and cathodic polarization indicates that an electron transfer is required to form the carbonate and thus to activate CO2 on the oxide surface. The results also suggest that acceptor doped oxides with high electron concentration and high oxygen vacancy concentration may be particularly suited for CO2 reduction. In contrast to water splitting, the CO2 electrolysis reaction was not significantly affected by metallic particles, which were exsolved from the perovskite electrodes upon cathodic polarization. Carbon formation on the electrode surface was only observed under very strong cathodic conditions, and the carbon could be easily removed by retracting the applied voltage without damaging the electrode, which is particularly promising from an application point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Opitz
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Nenning
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Rameshan
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna
University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/165-PC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kubicek
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Götsch
- Institute of Physical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raoul Blume
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna
University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/165-PC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Klötzer
- Institute of Physical
Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jürgen Fleig
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Heenemann M, Heine C, Hävecker M, Trunschke A, Schlögl R. Influence of Steam on a Vanadyl Pyrophosphate Catalyst During Propane Oxidation. J Phys Chem B 2017; 122:695-704. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b06314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Heenemann
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Heine
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department
Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kaichev VV, Saraev AA, Gladky AY, Prosvirin IP, Blume R, Teschner D, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R, Bukhtiyarov VI. Reversible Bulk Oxidation of Ni Foil During Oscillatory Catalytic Oxidation of Propane: A Novel Type of Spatiotemporal Self-Organization. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:026001. [PMID: 28753346 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.026001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of temporal and spatial self-organization in a heterogeneous catalytic reaction is described for the first time. Using in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry, we show that, under certain conditions, self-sustained reaction-rate oscillations arise in the oxidation of propane over Ni foil because of reversible bulk oxidation of Ni to NiO, which can be observed even with the naked eye as chemical waves propagating over the catalyst surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Kaichev
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva avenue 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Saraev
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva avenue 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A Yu Gladky
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva avenue 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I P Prosvirin
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva avenue 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - R Blume
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Teschner
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Hävecker
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Schlögl
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - V I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva avenue 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Trunschke A, Noack J, Trojanov S, Girgsdies F, Lunkenbein T, Pfeifer V, Hävecker M, Kube P, Sprung C, Rosowski F, Schlögl R. The Impact of the Bulk Structure on Surface Dynamics of Complex Mo–V-based Oxide Catalysts. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Trunschke
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Noack
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- UniCat-BASF
Joint Lab, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. EW K 01,
Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergej Trojanov
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Pfeifer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Catalysis
for Energy, Group EM-GKAT, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien
und Energie GmbH, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Straße
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Pierre Kube
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Sprung
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Rosowski
- BASF SE, Process Research
and Chemical Engineering, Heterogeneous
Catalysis, Carl-Bosch-Straße
38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kube P, Frank B, Wrabetz S, Kröhnert J, Hävecker M, Velasco-Vélez J, Noack J, Schlögl R, Trunschke A. Functional Analysis of Catalysts for Lower Alkane Oxidation. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Kube
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Benjamin Frank
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
- BasCat-UniCat BASF Joint Lab; TU Berlin, Sekr. EW K 01; Hardenbergstr. 36 D-10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Sabine Wrabetz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jutta Kröhnert
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion; Stiftstr. 34-36 D-45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Juan Velasco-Vélez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Johannes Noack
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
- BasCat-UniCat BASF Joint Lab; TU Berlin, Sekr. EW K 01; Hardenbergstr. 36 D-10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion; Stiftstr. 34-36 D-45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pfeifer V, Jones TE, Velasco Vélez JJ, Arrigo R, Piccinin S, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R. In situ observation of reactive oxygen species forming on oxygen-evolving iridium surfaces. Chem Sci 2016; 8:2143-2149. [PMID: 28507666 PMCID: PMC5407268 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04622c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ XAS measurements reveal that electron-deficient oxygen species form during OER on IrOx and correlate with catalytic activity.
Water splitting performed in acidic media relies on the exceptional performance of iridium-based materials to catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In the present work, we use in situ X-ray photoemission and absorption spectroscopy to resolve the long-standing debate about surface species present in iridium-based catalysts during the OER. We find that the surface of an initially metallic iridium model electrode converts into a mixed-valent, conductive iridium oxide matrix during the OER, which contains OII– and electrophilic OI– species. We observe a positive correlation between the OI– concentration and the evolved oxygen, suggesting that these electrophilic oxygen sites may be involved in catalyzing the OER. We can understand this observation by analogy with photosystem II; their electrophilicity renders the OI– species active in O–O bond formation, i.e. the likely potential- and rate-determining step of the OER. The ability of amorphous iridium oxyhydroxides to easily host such reactive, electrophilic species can explain their superior performance when compared to plain iridium metal or crystalline rutile-type IrO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pfeifer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 , Berlin , Germany . .,Catalysis for Energy , Group EM-GKAT , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II , Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 , 12489 , Berlin , Germany
| | - Travis E Jones
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 , Berlin , Germany .
| | - Juan J Velasco Vélez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 , Berlin , Germany . .,Department of Heterogeneous Reactions , Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstr. 34-36 , 45470 , Mülheim a. d. Ruhr , Germany
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- Diamond Light Source Ltd. , Harwell Science & Innovation Campus , Didcot , Oxfordshire OX 11 0DE , UK .
| | - Simone Piccinin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali , c/o SISSA , Via Bonomea 265 , Trieste , 34136 , Italy
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 , Berlin , Germany . .,Department of Heterogeneous Reactions , Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstr. 34-36 , 45470 , Mülheim a. d. Ruhr , Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 , Berlin , Germany .
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 , Berlin , Germany . .,Department of Heterogeneous Reactions , Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstr. 34-36 , 45470 , Mülheim a. d. Ruhr , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lukashuk L, Föttinger K, Kolar E, Rameshan C, Teschner D, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Yigit N, Li H, McDermott E, Stöger-Pollach M, Rupprechter G. Operando XAS and NAP-XPS studies of preferential CO oxidation on Co3O4 and CeO2-Co3O4 catalysts. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
27
|
Pfeifer V, Jones TE, Wrabetz S, Massué C, Velasco Vélez JJ, Arrigo R, Scherzer M, Piccinin S, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R. Reactive oxygen species in iridium-based OER catalysts. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6791-6795. [PMID: 28042464 PMCID: PMC5134683 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01860b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exceptional reactivity of electrophilic oxygen species in highly OER-active IrIII/IV oxyhydroxides is evidenced by room temperature CO oxidation.
Tremendous effort has been devoted towards elucidating the fundamental reasons for the higher activity of hydrated amorphous IrIII/IV oxyhydroxides (IrOx) in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in comparison with their crystalline counterpart, rutile-type IrO2, by focusing on the metal oxidation state. Here we demonstrate that, through an analogy to photosystem II, the nature of this reactive species is not solely a property of the metal but is intimately tied to the electronic structure of oxygen. We use a combination of synchrotron-based X-ray photoemission and absorption spectroscopies, ab initio calculations, and microcalorimetry to show that holes in the O 2p states in amorphous IrOx give rise to a weakly bound oxygen that is extremely susceptible to nucleophilic attack, reacting stoichiometrically with CO already at room temperature. As such, we expect this species to play the critical role of the electrophilic oxygen involved in O–O bond formation in the electrocatalytic OER on IrOx. We propose that the dynamic nature of the Ir framework in amorphous IrOx imparts the flexibility in Ir oxidation state required for the formation of this active electrophilic oxygen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pfeifer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , Berlin , 14195 , Germany . ; Catalysis for Energy , Group EM-GKAT , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II , Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 , Berlin , 12489 , Germany
| | - Travis E Jones
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , Berlin , 14195 , Germany .
| | - Sabine Wrabetz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , Berlin , 14195 , Germany .
| | - Cyriac Massué
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , Berlin , 14195 , Germany . ; Department of Heterogeneous Reactions , Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstr. 34-36 , Mülheim a. d. Ruhr , 45470 , Germany
| | - Juan J Velasco Vélez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , Berlin , 14195 , Germany . ; Department of Heterogeneous Reactions , Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstr. 34-36 , Mülheim a. d. Ruhr , 45470 , Germany
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- Diamond Light Source Ltd. , Harwell Science & Innovation Campus , Didcot , Oxfordshire OX 11 0DE , UK
| | - Michael Scherzer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , Berlin , 14195 , Germany . ; Department of Heterogeneous Reactions , Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstr. 34-36 , Mülheim a. d. Ruhr , 45470 , Germany
| | - Simone Piccinin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali , c/o SISSA, Via Bonomea 265 , Trieste , 34136 , Italy
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , Berlin , 14195 , Germany . ; Department of Heterogeneous Reactions , Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstr. 34-36 , Mülheim a. d. Ruhr , 45470 , Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , Berlin , 14195 , Germany .
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , Berlin , 14195 , Germany . ; Department of Heterogeneous Reactions , Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstr. 34-36 , Mülheim a. d. Ruhr , 45470 , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pfeifer V, Jones TE, Velasco Vélez JJ, Massué C, Greiner MT, Arrigo R, Teschner D, Girgsdies F, Scherzer M, Allan J, Hashagen M, Weinberg G, Piccinin S, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R. The electronic structure of iridium oxide electrodes active in water splitting. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:2292-6. [PMID: 26700139 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06997a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iridium oxide based electrodes are among the most promising candidates for electrocatalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction, making it imperative to understand their chemical/electronic structure. However, the complexity of iridium oxide's electronic structure makes it particularly difficult to experimentally determine the chemical state of the active surface species. To achieve an accurate understanding of the electronic structure of iridium oxide surfaces, we have combined synchrotron-based X-ray photoemission and absorption spectroscopies with ab initio calculations. Our investigation reveals a pre-edge feature in the O K-edge of highly catalytically active X-ray amorphous iridium oxides that we have identified as O 2p hole states forming in conjunction with Ir(III). These electronic defects in the near-surface region of the anionic and cationic framework are likely critical for the enhanced activity of amorphous iridium oxides relative to their crystalline counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Pfeifer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. and Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T E Jones
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - J J Velasco Vélez
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. and Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - C Massué
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. and Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - M T Greiner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - R Arrigo
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX 11 0DE, UK
| | - D Teschner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - F Girgsdies
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Scherzer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. and Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - J Allan
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Hashagen
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - G Weinberg
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - S Piccinin
- Instituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM), c/o SISSA - Scoula Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 267, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Hävecker
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. and Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - A Knop-Gericke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - R Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. and Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Velasco-Vélez JJ, Pfeifer V, Hävecker M, Wang R, Centeno A, Zurutuza A, Algara-Siller G, Stotz E, Skorupska K, Teschner D, Kube P, Braeuninger-Weimer P, Hofmann S, Schlögl R, Knop-Gericke A. Atmospheric pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy apparatus: Bridging the pressure gap. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:053121. [PMID: 27250406 DOI: 10.1063/1.4951724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the main goals in catalysis is the characterization of solid/gas interfaces in a reaction environment. The electronic structure and chemical composition of surfaces become heavily influenced by the surrounding environment. However, the lack of surface sensitive techniques that are able to monitor these modifications under high pressure conditions hinders the understanding of such processes. This limitation is known throughout the community as the "pressure gap." We have developed a novel experimental setup that provides chemical information on a molecular level under atmospheric pressure and in presence of reactive gases and at elevated temperatures. This approach is based on separating the vacuum environment from the high-pressure environment by a silicon nitride grid-that contains an array of micrometer-sized holes-coated with a bilayer of graphene. Using this configuration, we have investigated the local electronic structure of catalysts by means of photoelectron spectroscopy and in presence of gases at 1 atm. The reaction products were monitored online by mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. The successful operation of this setup was demonstrated with three different examples: the oxidation/reduction reaction of iridium (noble metal) and copper (transition metal) nanoparticles and with the hydrogenation of propyne on Pd black catalyst (powder).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Velasco-Vélez
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - V Pfeifer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - M Hävecker
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - R Wang
- Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - A Centeno
- Graphenea, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | | | - G Algara-Siller
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - E Stotz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - K Skorupska
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - D Teschner
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - P Kube
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - P Braeuninger-Weimer
- Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - S Hofmann
- Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - R Schlögl
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - A Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Klyushin AY, Greiner MT, Huang X, Lunkenbein T, Li X, Timpe O, Friedrich M, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R. Is Nanostructuring Sufficient To Get Catalytically Active Au? ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yu. Klyushin
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Division
of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark T. Greiner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xing Huang
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xuan Li
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Timpe
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department
of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Division
of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kaichev V, Teschner D, Saraev A, Kosolobov S, Gladky A, Prosvirin I, Rudina N, Ayupov A, Blume R, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R, Latyshev A, Bukhtiyarov V. Evolution of self-sustained kinetic oscillations in the catalytic oxidation of propane over a nickel foil. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
32
|
Nenning A, Opitz AK, Rameshan C, Rameshan R, Blume R, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Rupprechter G, Klötzer B, Fleig J. Ambient Pressure XPS Study of Mixed Conducting Perovskite-Type SOFC Cathode and Anode Materials under Well-Defined Electrochemical Polarization. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2016; 120:1461-1471. [PMID: 26877827 PMCID: PMC4735809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen exchange activity of mixed conducting oxide surfaces has been widely investigated, but a detailed understanding of the corresponding reaction mechanisms and the rate-limiting steps is largely still missing. Combined in situ investigation of electrochemically polarized model electrode surfaces under realistic temperature and pressure conditions by near-ambient pressure (NAP) XPS and impedance spectroscopy enables very surface-sensitive chemical analysis and may detect species that are involved in the rate-limiting step. In the present study, acceptor-doped perovskite-type La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ (LSC), La0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ (LSF), and SrTi0.7Fe0.3O3-δ (STF) thin film model electrodes were investigated under well-defined electrochemical polarization as cathodes in oxidizing (O2) and as anodes in reducing (H2/H2O) atmospheres. In oxidizing atmosphere all materials exhibit additional surface species of strontium and oxygen. The polaron-type electronic conduction mechanism of LSF and STF and the metal-like mechanism of LSC are reflected by distinct differences in the valence band spectra. Switching between oxidizing and reducing atmosphere as well as electrochemical polarization cause reversible shifts in the measured binding energy. This can be correlated to a Fermi level shift due to variations in the chemical potential of oxygen. Changes of oxidation states were detected on Fe, which appears as FeIII in oxidizing atmosphere and as mixed FeII/III in H2/H2O. Cathodic polarization in reducing atmosphere leads to the reversible formation of a catalytically active Fe0 phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nenning
- Department
of Chemistry, TU Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander K. Opitz
- Department
of Chemistry, TU Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Rameshan
- Department
of Chemistry, TU Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffael Rameshan
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institut
der MPG, Faradayweg 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raoul Blume
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institut
der MPG, Faradayweg 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institut
der MPG, Faradayweg 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institut
der MPG, Faradayweg 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Klötzer
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jürgen Fleig
- Department
of Chemistry, TU Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mayr L, Shi XR, Köpfle N, Milligan CA, Zemlyanov DY, Knop-Gericke A, Hävecker M, Klötzer B, Penner S. Chemical vapor deposition-prepared sub-nanometer Zr clusters on Pd surfaces: promotion of methane dry reforming. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:31586-31599. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07197j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An inverse Pd–Zr model catalyst was prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using zirconium-t-butoxide (ZTB) as an organometallic precursor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Mayr
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Innsbruck
- Innsbruck
- Austria
- Birck Nanotechnology Center
| | - Xue-Rong Shi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Innsbruck
- Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Norbert Köpfle
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Innsbruck
- Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Cory A. Milligan
- Birck Nanotechnology Center
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
- School of Chemical Engineering
| | | | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Bernhard Klötzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Innsbruck
- Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Simon Penner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Innsbruck
- Innsbruck
- Austria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pfeifer V, Jones TE, Velasco Vélez JJ, Massué C, Arrigo R, Teschner D, Girgsdies F, Scherzer M, Greiner MT, Allan J, Hashagen M, Weinberg G, Piccinin S, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R. The electronic structure of iridium and its oxides. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pfeifer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II; Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Travis E. Jones
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Juan J. Velasco Vélez
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion; Stiftstr. 34-36 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr Germany
| | - Cyriac Massué
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion; Stiftstr. 34-36 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr Germany
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- Diamond Light Source Ltd.; Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK
| | - Detre Teschner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Scherzer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion; Stiftstr. 34-36 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr Germany
| | - Mark T. Greiner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jasmin Allan
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Maike Hashagen
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Gisela Weinberg
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Simone Piccinin
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM); c/o SISSA - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati; Via Bonomea 267 34136 Trieste Italy
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion; Stiftstr. 34-36 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion; Stiftstr. 34-36 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rameshan R, Mayr L, Klötzer B, Eder D, Knop-Gericke A, Hävecker M, Blume R, Schlögl R, Zemlyanov DY, Penner S. Near-Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Methane-Induced Carbon Deposition on Clean and Copper-Modified Polycrystalline Nickel Materials. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2015; 119:26948-26958. [PMID: 26692914 PMCID: PMC4671104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b07317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to simulate solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-related coking mechanisms of Ni, methane-induced surface carbide and carbon growth was studied under close-to-real conditions by synchrotron-based near-ambient-pressure (NAP) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in the temperature region between 250 and 600 °C. Two complementary polycrystalline Ni samples were used, namely, Ni foam-serving as a model structure for bulk Ni in cermet materials such as Ni/YSZ-and Ni foil. The growth mechanism of graphene/graphite species was found to be closely related to that previously described for ethylene-induced graphene growth on Ni(111). After a sufficiently long "incubation" period of the Ni foam in methane at 0.2 mbar and temperatures around 400 °C, cooling down to ∼250 °C, and keeping the sample at this temperature for 50-60 min, initial formation of a near-surface carbide phase was observed, which exhibited the same spectroscopic fingerprint as the C2H4 induced Ni2C phase on Ni(111). Only in the presence of this carbidic species, subsequent graphene/graphite nucleation and growth was observed. Vice versa, the absence of this species excluded further graphene/graphite formation. At temperatures above 400 °C, decomposition/bulk dissolution of the graphene/graphite phase was observed on the rather "open" surface of the Ni foam. In contrast, Ni foil showed-under otherwise identical conditions-predominant formation of unreactive amorphous carbon, which can only be removed at ≥500 °C by oxidative clean-off. Moreover, the complete suppression of carbide and subsequent graphene/graphite formation by Cu-alloying of the Ni foam and by addition of water to the methane atmosphere was verified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Rameshan
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute
of the Max-Planck-Society, Faradayweg 4−6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Mayr
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Klötzer
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Eder
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute
of the Max-Planck-Society, Faradayweg 4−6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute
of the Max-Planck-Society, Faradayweg 4−6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raoul Blume
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute
of the Max-Planck-Society, Faradayweg 4−6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute
of the Max-Planck-Society, Faradayweg 4−6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmitry Y. Zemlyanov
- Birck
Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2057, United States
| | - Simon Penner
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Velasco‐Velez JJ, Pfeifer V, Hävecker M, Weatherup RS, Arrigo R, Chuang C, Stotz E, Weinberg G, Salmeron M, Schlögl R, Knop‐Gericke A. Photoelektronenspektroskopie an der Graphen‐Flüssigelektrolyt‐Grenzfläche zur Bestimmung der elektronischen Struktur eines elektrochemisch abgeschiedenen Cobalt/Graphen‐Elektrokatalysators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Velasco‐Velez
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Mülheim 45470 (Deutschland)
- Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195 (Deutschland)
| | - Verena Pfeifer
- Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195 (Deutschland)
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Mülheim 45470 (Deutschland)
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, BESSY II, Berlin 12489 (Deutschland)
| | - Robert S. Weatherup
- Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA (Großbritannien)
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720 (USA)
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- Diamond Light Source, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX (Großbritannien)
| | | | - Eugen Stotz
- Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195 (Deutschland)
| | - Gisela Weinberg
- Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195 (Deutschland)
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720 (USA)
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Mülheim 45470 (Deutschland)
- Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195 (Deutschland)
| | - Axel Knop‐Gericke
- Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195 (Deutschland)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Velasco‐Velez JJ, Pfeifer V, Hävecker M, Weatherup RS, Arrigo R, Chuang C, Stotz E, Weinberg G, Salmeron M, Schlögl R, Knop‐Gericke A. Photoelectron Spectroscopy at the Graphene–Liquid Interface Reveals the Electronic Structure of an Electrodeposited Cobalt/Graphene Electrocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14554-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Velasco‐Velez
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim 45470 (Germany)
- Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195 (Germany)
| | - Verena Pfeifer
- Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195 (Germany)
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim 45470 (Germany)
- Helmholtz‐Center Berlin for Materials and Energy, BESSY II, Berlin 12489 (Germany)
| | - Robert S. Weatherup
- Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA (UK)
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720 (USA)
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- Diamond Light Source, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX (UK)
| | | | - Eugen Stotz
- Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195 (Germany)
| | - Gisela Weinberg
- Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195 (Germany)
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720 (USA)
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim 45470 (Germany)
- Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195 (Germany)
| | - Axel Knop‐Gericke
- Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195 (Germany)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kühl S, Schumann J, Kasatkin I, Hävecker M, Schlögl R, Behrens M. Ternary and quaternary Cr or Ga-containing ex-LDH catalysts—Influence of the additional oxides onto the microstructure and activity of Cu/ZnAl2O4 catalysts. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
39
|
Heine C, Hävecker M, Trunschke A, Schlögl R, Eichelbaum M. The impact of steam on the electronic structure of the selective propane oxidation catalyst MoVTeNb oxide (orthorhombic M1 phase). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:8983-93. [PMID: 25746609 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00289c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective propane oxidation catalyst MoVTeNb oxide M1 was investigated by microwave conductivity, synchrotron X-ray photoelectron, soft X-ray absorption and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy under reaction conditions to identify the influence of steam on the electronic bulk and surface properties. Steam significantly increases both the conversion of propane and the selectivity to the target product acrylic acid. The increased catalytic performance comes along with a decreased conductivity, a modification of the surface chemical and electronic structure with an enrichment of covalently bonded V(5+) species to the extent of Mo(6+), a decreased work function and hence polarity of the surface and a modified valence band structure. The higher degree of covalency in metal oxide bonds affects the mobility of the free charge carriers, and hence explains the decrease of the conductivity with steam. Furthermore we could prove that a subsurface space charge region depleted in electrons and thus an upward bending of the electronic band structure are induced by the reaction mixture, which is however not dependent on the steam content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Heine
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Arrigo R, Schuster ME, Xie Z, Yi Y, Wowsnick G, Sun LL, Hermann KE, Friedrich M, Kast P, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R. Nature of the N–Pd Interaction in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube Catalysts. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Arrigo
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Manfred E. Schuster
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zailai Xie
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Youngmi Yi
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregor Wowsnick
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Li L. Sun
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus E. Hermann
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Kast
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hävecker
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie, BESSY-II Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Opitz AK, Nenning A, Rameshan C, Rameshan R, Blume R, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Rupprechter G, Fleig J, Klötzer B. Frontispiz: Enhancing Electrochemical Water-Splitting Kinetics by Polarization-Driven Formation of Near-Surface Iron(0): An In Situ XPS Study on Perovskite-Type Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201580961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
42
|
Opitz AK, Nenning A, Rameshan C, Rameshan R, Blume R, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Rupprechter G, Fleig J, Klötzer B. Enhancing electrochemical water-splitting kinetics by polarization-driven formation of near-surface iron(0): an in situ XPS study on perovskite-type electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2628-32. [PMID: 25557533 PMCID: PMC4506551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the search for optimized cathode materials for high-temperature electrolysis, mixed conducting oxides are highly promising candidates. This study deals with fundamentally novel insights into the relation between surface chemistry and electrocatalytic activity of lanthanum ferrite based electrolysis cathodes. For this means, near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) and impedance spectroscopy experiments were performed simultaneously on electrochemically polarized La0.6 Sr0.4 FeO3-δ (LSF) thin film electrodes. Under cathodic polarization the formation of Fe(0) on the LSF surface could be observed, which was accompanied by a strong improvement of the electrochemical water splitting activity of the electrodes. This correlation suggests a fundamentally different water splitting mechanism in presence of the metallic iron species and may open novel paths in the search for electrodes with increased water splitting activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Opitz
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, 1060 Vienna (Austria).
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Opitz AK, Nenning A, Rameshan C, Rameshan R, Blume R, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Rupprechter G, Fleig J, Klötzer B. Frontispiece: Enhancing Electrochemical Water-Splitting Kinetics by Polarization-Driven Formation of Near-Surface Iron(0): An In Situ XPS Study on Perovskite-Type Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201580961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
44
|
Eichelbaum M, Hävecker M, Heine C, Wernbacher AM, Rosowski F, Trunschke A, Schlögl R. Der elektronische Faktor in der Alkanoxidationskatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
45
|
Eichelbaum M, Hävecker M, Heine C, Wernbacher AM, Rosowski F, Trunschke A, Schlögl R. The Electronic Factor in Alkane Oxidation Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2922-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
46
|
Opitz AK, Nenning A, Rameshan C, Rameshan R, Blume R, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Rupprechter G, Fleig J, Klötzer B. Enhancing Electrochemical Water-Splitting Kinetics by Polarization-Driven Formation of Near-Surface Iron(0): An In Situ XPS Study on Perovskite-Type Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
47
|
Maganas D, Roemelt M, Weyhermüller T, Blume R, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, DeBeer S, Schlögl R, Neese F. L-edge X-ray absorption study of mononuclear vanadium complexes and spectral predictions using a restricted open shell configuration interaction ansatz. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:264-76. [PMID: 24247594 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52711e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of mononuclear V((V)), V((IV)) and V((III)) complexes were investigated by V L-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The spectra show significant sensitivity to the vanadium oxidation state and the coordination environment surrounding the vanadium center. The L-edge spectra are interpreted with the aid of the recently developed Density Functional Theory/Restricted Open Shell Configuration Interaction Singles (DFT/ROCIS) method. This method is calibrated for the prediction of vanadium L-edges with different hybrid density functionals and basis sets. For the B3LYP/def2-TZVP(-f) and BHLYP/def2-TZVP(-f) functional/basis-set combinations, good to excellent agreement between calculated and experimental spectra is obtained. A treatment of the spin-orbit coupling interaction to all orders is achieved by quasi-degenerate perturbation theory (QDPT), in conjunction with DFT/ROCIS for the calculation of the molecular multiplets while accounting for dynamic correlation and anisotropic covalency. The physical origin of the observed spectral features is discussed qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of spin multiplicities, magnetic sublevels and individual 2p to 3d core level excitations. This investigation is an important prerequisite for future applications of the DFT/ROCIS method to vanadium L-edge absorption spectroscopy and vanadium-based heterogeneous catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Maganas
- Max-Planck Institut für Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Naumann d’Alnoncourt R, Csepei LI, Hävecker M, Girgsdies F, Schuster ME, Schlögl R, Trunschke A. The reaction network in propane oxidation over phase-pure MoVTeNb M1 oxide catalysts. J Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
50
|
Klyushin AY, Rocha TCR, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R. A near ambient pressure XPS study of Au oxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:7881-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00308j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|