1
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Penton T, Bowling N, Vafeiadou A, Hammond C, Bird G, Banissy MJ. Attitudes to Interpersonal Touch in the Workplace in Autistic and non-Autistic Groups. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4731-4743. [PMID: 36083393 PMCID: PMC10627924 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Unemployment and underemployment have consistently been shown to be higher in autistic adults relative to non-autistic adults. This may be due, in part, to a lack of workplace accommodations being made for autistic people. One factor that may contribute to employment inequalities in autistic people is differences in attitudes towards interpersonal touch. This study acts as a preliminary investigation into whether employed autistic and non-autistic participants differ in their attitudes towards touch in the workplace, and in their loneliness and wellbeing. The current dataset was drawn from a larger online survey (the Touch Test) designed to explore attitudes and experiences towards touch. We found that employed autistic participants had more negative attitudes to general, social and workplace touch relative to non-autistic participants. Autistic participants also experienced greater loneliness and reduced wellbeing. Attachment-related anxiety was the only significant predictor of wellbeing in employed autistic adults. However, attachment-related anxiety, general attitudes to touch and the role of touch in the workplace predicted wellbeing in employed non-autistic adults. With regards to loneliness, general attitudes to touch and the role of touch in the workplace predicted loneliness in autistic participants. We also replicated the finding that a greater proportion of autistic participants were unemployed relative to non-autistic participants. Collectively, this research highlights the importance of considering touch in research investigating employment, and its impact on loneliness and wellbeing, in autistic participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Penton
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, SE14 6NW, London, UK.
| | - Natalie Bowling
- School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, SE10 9LS, London, UK
| | - Aikaterini Vafeiadou
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, SE14 6NW, London, UK
| | - Claudia Hammond
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, BN1 9RH, Brighton, UK
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, OX1 3PH, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, SE14 6NW, London, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, BS8 1QU, Bristol, UK
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2
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Vafeiadou A, Banissy MJ, Banissy JF, Higgins JP, Howard G. The influence of climate change on mental health in populations of the western Pacific region: An umbrella scoping review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21457. [PMID: 38053883 PMCID: PMC10694052 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Western Pacific Region (WPR) is on the front line of climate change challenges. Understanding how these challenges affect the WPR populations' mental health is essential to design effective prevention and care policies. Thus, the present study conducted an umbrella scoping review that examined the influence of climate change on mental health in the WPR, using review articles as a source of information. Ten review articles were selected according to eligibility criteria, and the findings were synthesized according to the socio-economic status of the countries identified: Australia, the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, Vietnam, the Pacific Islands (broadly), and China. The findings revealed that each country and sub-region has its own unique profile of climate change-related challenges and vulnerable populations, highlighting the need for specific approaches to mental health care. Specifically, the influence of climate-related challenges differed according to populations' region (e.g., rural populations), demographic characteristics (e.g., age and gender), culture (e.g., traditional tights to land), and employment (e.g., farmers and fishers). The most frequently reported mental health outcomes in response to climate change-related challenges such as droughts, floods, storms, tornadoes, typhoons, and climate-related migration were the decline in mental well-being and the increase in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. In addition, using the GRADE framework for assessing the certainty of the findings, we identified that the number of articles discussing associations between a given climate change challenge and a mental health outcome was overall limited. Based on our findings and findings on a global scale, we identified several key research gaps in WPR and provided recommendations for future research and policy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Julian P.T. Higgins
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Guy Howard
- Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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3
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Dueren AL, Bowling NC, Vafeiadou A, Madrid‐Valero JJ, Hammond C, Gregory AM, Banissy MJ. Perspectives on interpersonal touch are related to subjective sleep quality. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13766. [PMID: 36351704 PMCID: PMC10909536 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Affective touch has been reported for its calming effects; however, it is less clear whether touch is associated with sleep. Here, the relationship between different touch variables and self-reported sleep indicators was investigated. Data were extracted from the Touch Test, a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2020. Data from a sample of 15,049 healthy adults from the UK (mean age = 56.13, SD = 13.8; 75.4% female) were analysed. Participants were asked to attribute positive, negative, or no effects on sleep to hugs, strokes, massages, intimate touch, and sleep onset with and without touch. The time since last intentional touch, touch amount satisfaction, and childhood bed routine with hugs and kisses were assessed. Sleep quality, duration, latency, wake after sleep onset and diurnal preference were measured. Data were analysed using chi-square tests and logistic regressions. Affective touch before sleep was perceived to have positive effects on sleep. Touch recency emerged as a significant predictor for some sleep variables, with a longer timespan since the last intentional touch relating to improved sleep quality, longer sleep duration, and shorter and fewer instances of waking up after sleep onset in some participants. Experiencing too much touch was related to lower sleep quality and higher instances of waking up after sleep onset. These findings highlight the importance of interpersonal touch for subjective sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Dueren
- Department of Psychology, GoldsmithsUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Juan J. Madrid‐Valero
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | | | - Alice M. Gregory
- Department of Psychology, GoldsmithsUniversity of LondonLondonUK
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4
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Panayiotou M, Badcock JC, Lim MH, Banissy MJ, Qualter P. Measuring Loneliness in Different Age Groups: The Measurement Invariance of the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Assessment 2022:10731911221119533. [PMID: 36031881 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221119533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Age differences in the prevalence of loneliness have been a key focus among researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. However, the degree to which those reflect genuine differences in the experience of loneliness or the way individuals understand and respond to loneliness measures is yet to be examined. The current study explored the age measurement invariance of the 20-item Revised University of California Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LSR) and its shorter forms in a U.K. sample of adults aged 18 to 99 years (M = 50.6, SD = 19.7). The fit of different structures/versions was explored through multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; N = 4,375) and local structural equation modeling (N = 19,521). Results indicated a poor and/or inconsistent structure for the 20-item UCLA-LSR and many of its shorter forms. Of the structures considered, 12 showed acceptable model fit and received age measurement invariance testing through multigroup CFA and alignment; 10 of these achieved full, partial, or approximate measurement invariance. Our findings suggest that the age measurement invariance of loneliness measures should not be assumed, and crucially, this must be explored before accurate and meaningful age comparisons can be made. Implications for measurement research, and clinical and community practice, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michelle H Lim
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Bennetts RJ, Gregory NJ, Tree J, Di Bernardi Luft C, Banissy MJ, Murray E, Penton T, Bate S. Face specific inversion effects provide evidence for two subtypes of developmental prosopagnosia. Neuropsychologia 2022; 174:108332. [PMID: 35839963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have attempted to identify the perceptual underpinnings of developmental prosopagnosia (DP). The majority have focused on whether holistic and configural processing mechanisms are impaired in DP. However, previous work suggests that there is substantial heterogeneity in holistic and configural processing within the DP population; further, there is disagreement as to whether any deficits are face-specific or reflect a broader perceptual deficit. This study used a data-driven approach to examine whether there are systematic patterns of variability in DP that reflect different underpinning perceptual deficits. A group of individuals with DP (N = 37) completed a cognitive battery measuring holistic/configural and featural processing in faces and non-face objects. A two-stage cluster analysis on data from the Cambridge Face Perception Test identified two subgroups of DPs. Across several tasks, the first subgroup (N = 21) showed typical patterns of holistic/configural processing (measured via inversion effects); the second (N = 16) was characterised by reduced or abolished inversion effects compared to age-matched control participants (N = 91). The subgroups did not differ on tasks measuring upright face matching, object matching, non-face holistic processing, or composite effects. These findings indicate two separable pathways to face recognition impairment, one characterised by impaired configural processing and the other potentially by impaired featural processing. Comparisons to control participants provide some preliminary evidence that the deficit in featural processing may extend to some non-face stimuli. Our results demonstrate the utility of examining both the variability between and consistency across individuals with DP as a means of illuminating our understanding of face recognition in typical and atypical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Bennetts
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University, UK.
| | | | - Jeremy Tree
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, UK
| | | | - Michael J Banissy
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, UK; Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
| | - Ebony Murray
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Tegan Penton
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
| | - Sarah Bate
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, UK
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6
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Vafeiadou A, Bowling NC, Hammond C, Banissy MJ. Assessing individual differences in attitudes towards touch in treatment settings: Introducing the touch & health scale. Health Psychol Open 2022; 9:20551029221137008. [DOI: 10.1177/20551029221137008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals commonly receive touch in treatment settings, but there is limited research on how they perceive it. The current project sought to address this gap by: 1) developing the Touch & Health Scale (THS) - a novel instrument to measure attitudes to touch in treatment settings 2) assessing inter-individual differences in THS scores, and 3) examining the association between individuals’ THS scores and wellbeing. Data of a large U.K. adults sample ( N > 12,000) were used. THS showed Cronbach’s α between 0.636 and 0.816 and significant correlations ( p < 0.001) with day-to-day attitudes to touch. THS scores differed as a function of extraversion and avoidant attachment style. Participants with more positive attitudes to touch in treatment settings showed greater wellbeing. Overall, the study highlights the importance of a personalised approach to touch in treatment settings and provides a new scale that may act as a screening tool for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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7
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Dueren AL, Vafeiadou A, Edgar C, Banissy MJ. The influence of duration, arm crossing style, gender, and emotional closeness on hugging behaviour. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 221:103441. [PMID: 34739902 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hugging is one of the most common types of affective touch encountered in everyday life. However, little is known about the factors that influence hugging evaluation and behaviour. Here, we aimed to assess how different hugs would be evaluated and whether they can affect mood. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate what kind of arm crossing is common in a naturalistic setting and whether arm crossing style could be predicted from gender, emotional closeness, and the height difference of huggers. We conducted two studies addressing these questions. In study 1, participants hugged a confederate for 1 second (s), 5 s or 10 s with two different arm crossing styles and reported how pleasant, arousing and under control the touch felt. Additionally, participants were asked about their mood ("self-ratings") immediately after, 3 minutes (min) after and 6 min after each hug. In study 2, participants were approached on campus and asked to share a hug, with arm crossing style being the dependent variable. The height difference, gender and self-rated emotional closeness to the hug partner were recorded as possible predictors for arm crossing style. Results from study 1 indicate that duration matters more than arm crossing style for hug pleasure, arousal, and control, with 1 s hugs being rated as least pleasant and under control than 5 s and 10 s hugs. Accordingly, 1 s hugs also resulted in lower pleasure self-ratings immediately post hug than 5 s and 10 s hugs. Arousal self-ratings were higher immediately post hug than several minutes after a hug. In study 2, gender was linked to arm crossing style, with male-male hug dyads exhibiting a different hugging style from female-female dyads. These findings are discussed in relation to previous hug research and gender differences in touch behaviour.
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8
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Dueren AL, Perach R, Banissy JFM, Bowling NC, Gregory AM, Banissy MJ. Associations between tactile intimacy and sleep quality in healthy adults: A systematic review. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13504. [PMID: 34664333 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that different types of touch can affect sleep, but whether there is a consistent association between tactile intimacy and sleep quality is unclear. Here, we report a pre-registered systematic review (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO], CRD42020158683) of studies examining the association between tactile intimacy and sleep quality in healthy adults. The databases PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and EMBASE were searched on August 7, 2020. A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesised qualitatively. Most commonly, articles researched sexual intimacy in relation to sleep quality, but some studies also investigated non-sexual affective touch and emotionally neutral touch. Some evidence for a connection between sexual function, sexual satisfaction and masturbation with sleep quality was found; however, no evidence for an association between sexual frequency or sexual positions and sleep was found. Interestingly, studies employing more subjective approaches were more likely to report an association between touch and sleep, potentially highlighting a discrepancy between self-reported and the objectively measurable association between touch and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Dueren
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rotem Perach
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | | | - Alice M Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK.,School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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9
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Madrid-Valero JJ, Bowling N, Vafeiadou A, Buysse DJ, Banissy MJ, Gregory AM. Sleep in adults from the UK during the first few months of the coronavirus outbreak. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13465. [PMID: 34453464 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak emerged at the end of 2019 and quickly spread around the world. Measures to counter COVID-19, including social distancing and lockdowns, created an unusual situation that had the potential to impact a variety of behaviours, including sleep, which is crucial for health and well-being. Data were obtained through an online survey. The total sample comprised 19,482 participants from the UK. Participants were asked several questions regarding sleep quality and quantity. Each participant completed the questionnaires once during a data collection period spanning January 20 to March 31, 2020. Data provided by different participants during different weeks (spanning time-periods just before COVID-19 was identified in the UK and during the early weeks following its arrival) were compared using analysis of variance tests and regressions. Regression analyses controlling for age, sex and ethnicity revealed significant associations of small magnitude between date of survey completion and sleep quality, sleep latency, number of awakenings and composite score of poor sleep quality. These analyses also indicated small increases in eveningness tendency as the study progressed. There was no change in sleep duration or time spent awake at night. The COVID-19 outbreak did not appear to impact negatively sleep in a substantial manner during the early stages in the UK. The small increases in sleep quality variables (except for time spent awake at night and sleep duration) and eveningness are nonetheless of interest. Further research is needed to understand how best to provide support to those most in need of a good night's sleep during this unprecedented time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Madrid-Valero
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Circadian Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK.,School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alice M Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
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10
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Swart TR, Bowling NC, Banissy MJ. ASMR-Experience Questionnaire (AEQ): A data-driven step towards accurately classifying ASMR responders. Br J Psychol 2021; 113:68-83. [PMID: 34120330 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) describes an atypical multisensory experience of calming, tingling sensations that originate in the crown of the head in response to a specific subset of audio-visual triggers. There is currently no tool that can accurately classify both ASMR-Responders and non-responders, while simultaneously identifying False-Positive cases that are similar sensory-emotional experiences. This study sought to fill this gap by developing a new online psychometric tool - the ASMR-Experiences Questionnaire (AEQ). Participants watched a series of short ASMR videos and answered sensory-affective questions immediately afterwards. Using a k-means clustering approach, we identified five data-driven groupings, based on tingle- and affect-related scores. ASMR-Responders differentiate based on ASMR propensity and intensity (ASMR-Strong; ASMR-Weak); non-responders differentiate based on response valence (Control+; Control-; False-Positive). Recommendations for how the AEQ and the respective output groups can be best utilized to enhance ASMR research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Swart
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
| | | | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK.,School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, UK
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11
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Penton T, Catmur C, Banissy MJ, Bird G, Walsh V. Non-invasive stimulation in the social brain: the methodological challenges. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 17:15-25. [PMID: 32734295 PMCID: PMC9083106 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of non-invasive brain stimulation methods (NIBS) has become a common approach to study social processing in addition to behavioural, imaging and lesion studies. However, research using NIBS to investigate social processing faces challenges. Overcoming these is important to allow valid and reliable interpretation of findings in neurotypical cohorts, but also to allow us to tailor NIBS protocols to atypical groups with social difficulties. In this review, we consider the utility of brain stimulation as a technique to study and modulate social processing. We also discuss challenges that face researchers using NIBS to study social processing in neurotypical adults with a view to highlighting potential solutions. Finally, we discuss additional challenges that face researchers using NIBS to study and modulate social processing in atypical groups. These are important to consider given that NIBS protocols are rarely tailored to atypical groups before use. Instead, many rely on protocols designed for neurotypical adults despite differences in brain function that are likely to impact response to NIBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Penton
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK.,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Caroline Catmur
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH
| | - Vincent Walsh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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12
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Santiesteban I, Gibbard C, Drucks H, Clayton N, Banissy MJ, Bird G. Individuals with Autism Share Others’ Emotions: Evidence from the Continuous Affective Rating and Empathic Responses (CARER) Task. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:391-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Yang T, Yang Z, Xu G, Gao D, Zhang Z, Wang H, Liu S, Han L, Zhu Z, Tian Y, Huang Y, Zhao L, Zhong K, Shi B, Li J, Fu S, Liang P, Banissy MJ, Sun P. Tsinghua facial expression database - A database of facial expressions in Chinese young and older women and men: Development and validation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231304. [PMID: 32294105 PMCID: PMC7159817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perception of facial identity and emotional expressions is fundamental to social interactions. Recently, interest in age associated changes in the processing of faces has grown rapidly. Due to the lack of older faces stimuli, most previous age-comparative studies only used young faces stimuli, which might cause own-age advantage. None of the existing Eastern face stimuli databases contain face images of different age groups (e.g. older adult faces). In this study, a database that comprises images of 110 Chinese young and older adults displaying eight facial emotional expressions (Neutral, Happiness, Anger, Disgust, Surprise, Fear, Content, and Sadness) was constructed. To validate this database, each image was rated on the basis of perceived facial expressions, perceived emotional intensity, and perceived age by two different age groups. Results have shown an overall 79.08% correct identification rate in the validation. Access to the freely available database can be requested by emailing the corresponding authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyun Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzheng Xu
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Duoling Gao
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziheng Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Linfeng Han
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Zhu
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Huang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Food and Agriculture Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Zhong
- Food and Agriculture Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, China
| | - Bolin Shi
- Food and Agriculture Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shimin Fu
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peipeng Liang
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael J. Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua H Lab, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Brain and Intelligence Lab, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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14
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Yang T, Di Bernardi Luft C, Sun P, Bhattacharya J, Banissy MJ. Investigating Age-Related Neural Compensation During Emotion Perception Using Electroencephalography. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10020061. [PMID: 31979321 PMCID: PMC7071462 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggests declines in emotion perception in older as compared to younger adults, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we address this by investigating how “face-age” and “face emotion intensity” affect both younger and older participants’ behavioural and neural responses using event-related potentials (ERPs). Sixteen young and fifteen older adults viewed and judged the emotion type of facial images with old or young face-age and with high- or low- emotion intensities while EEG was recorded. The ERP results revealed that young and older participants exhibited significant ERP differences in two neural clusters: the left frontal and centromedial regions (100–200 ms stimulus onset) and frontal region (250–900 ms) when perceiving neutral faces. Older participants also exhibited significantly higher ERPs within these two neural clusters during anger and happiness emotion perceptual tasks. However, while this pattern of activity supported neutral emotion processing, it was not sufficient to support the effective processing of facial expressions of anger and happiness as older adults showed reductions in performance when perceiving these emotions. These age-related changes are consistent with theoretical models of age-related changes in neurocognitive abilities and may reflect a general age-related cognitive neural compensation in older adults, rather than a specific emotion-processing neural compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UK; (J.B.); (M.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Pei Sun
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Joydeep Bhattacharya
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UK; (J.B.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Michael J. Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UK; (J.B.); (M.J.B.)
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15
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Bowling NC, Botan V, Santiesteban I, Ward J, Banissy MJ. Atypical bodily self-awareness in vicarious pain responders. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180361. [PMID: 31630646 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vicarious perception refers to the ability to co-represent the experiences of others. Prior research has shown considerable inter-individual variability in vicarious perception of pain, with some experiencing conscious sensations of pain on their own body when viewing another person in pain (conscious vicarious perception/mirror-pain synaesthesia). Self-Other Theory proposes that this conscious vicarious perception may result from impairments in self-other distinction and maintaining a coherent sense of bodily self. In support of this, individuals who experience conscious vicarious perception are more susceptible to illusions of body ownership and agency. However, little work has assessed whether trait differences in bodily self-awareness are associated with conscious vicarious pain. Here we addressed this gap by examining individual difference factors related to awareness of the body, in conscious vicarious pain responders. Increased self-reported depersonalization and interoceptive sensibility was found for conscious vicarious pain responders compared with non-responders, in addition to more internally oriented thinking (associated with lower alexithymia). There were no significant differences in trait anxiety. Results indicate that maintaining a stable sense of the bodily self may be important for vicarious perception of pain, and that vicarious perception might also be enhanced by attention towards internal bodily states. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Bridging senses: novel insights from synaesthesia'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Bowling
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK.,Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Vanessa Botan
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Idalmis Santiesteban
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jamie Ward
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UK
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16
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Bate S, Bennetts RJ, Gregory N, Tree JJ, Murray E, Adams A, Bobak AK, Penton T, Yang T, Banissy MJ. Objective Patterns of Face Recognition Deficits in 165 Adults with Self-Reported Developmental Prosopagnosia. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9060133. [PMID: 31174381 PMCID: PMC6627939 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9060133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 15 years, increasing numbers of individuals have self-referred to research laboratories in the belief that they experience severe everyday difficulties with face recognition. The condition “developmental prosopagnosia” (DP) is typically diagnosed when impairment is identified on at least two objective face-processing tests, usually involving assessments of face perception, unfamiliar face memory, and famous face recognition. While existing evidence suggests that some individuals may have a mnemonic form of prosopagnosia, it is also possible that other subtypes exist. The current study assessed 165 adults who believe they experience DP, and 38% of the sample were impaired on at least two of the tests outlined above. While statistical dissociations between face perception and face memory were only observed in four cases, a further 25% of the sample displayed dissociations between impaired famous face recognition and intact short-term unfamiliar face memory and face perception. We discuss whether this pattern of findings reflects (a) limitations within dominant diagnostic tests and protocols, (b) a less severe form of DP, or (c) a currently unrecognized but prevalent form of the condition that affects long-term face memory, familiar face recognition or semantic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bate
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Rachel J Bennetts
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Division of Psychology, Brunel University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Nicola Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Jeremy J Tree
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Ebony Murray
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Amanda Adams
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Anna K Bobak
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Tegan Penton
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UK.
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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17
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Luft CDB, Zioga I, Banissy MJ, Bhattacharya J. Spontaneous Visual Imagery During Meditation for Creating Visual Art: An EEG and Brain Stimulation Case Study. Front Psychol 2019; 10:210. [PMID: 30853922 PMCID: PMC6395393 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experienced meditators often report spontaneous visual imagery during deep meditation in the form of lights or other types of visual images. These experiences are usually interpreted as an "encounters with light" and gain mystical meaning. Contrary to the well-studied intentional and controlled visual imagery, spontaneous imagery is poorly understood, yet it plays an important role in creativity of visual artists. The neural correlates of such experiences are indeed hard to capture in laboratory settings. In this case study we aimed to investigate the neural correlates of spontaneous visual imagery in an artist who experiences strong visual imagery during meditation. She uses these images to create visual art. We recorded her EEG during seven meditation sessions in which she experienced visual imagery episodes (visions). To examine the functional role of the neural oscillations we also conducted three separate meditation sessions under different transcranial alternating current (tACS) brain stimulation: alpha (10 Hz), gamma (40 Hz) and sham. We observed a robust increase in occipital gamma power (30-70 Hz) during the deepest stage of meditation across all sessions. This gamma increase was consistent with the experience of spontaneous visual imagery: higher during visions compared to no visions. Alpha tACS was found to affect the contents of her visual imagery, making them sharper, shorter and causing more visions to occur; the artist reported that these sharp images were too detailed to be used in her art. Interestingly, gamma and sham stimulation had no impact on the visual imagery contents. Our findings raise the hypothesis that occipital gamma might be a neural marker of spontaneous visual imagery, which emerges in certain meditation practices of experienced meditators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Di Bernardi Luft
- School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Zioga
- School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joydeep Bhattacharya
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Rigato S, Banissy MJ, Romanska A, Thomas R, van Velzen J, Bremner AJ. Cortical signatures of vicarious tactile experience in four-month-old infants. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 35:75-80. [PMID: 28942240 PMCID: PMC6968956 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain recruits similar brain regions when a state is experienced (e.g., touch, pain, actions) and when that state is passively observed in other individuals. In adults, seeing other people being touched activates similar brain areas as when we experience touch ourselves. Here we show that already by four months of age, cortical responses to tactile stimulation are modulated by visual information specifying another person being touched. We recorded somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in 4-month-old infants while they were presented with brief vibrotactile stimuli to the hands. At the same time that the tactile stimuli were presented the infants observed another person's hand being touched by a soft paintbrush or approached by the paintbrush which then touched the surface next to their hand. A prominent positive peak in SEPs contralateral to the site of tactile stimulation around 130 ms after the tactile stimulus onset was of a significantly larger amplitude for the "Surface" trials than for the "Hand" trials. These findings indicate that, even at four months of age, somatosensory cortex is not only involved in the personal experience of touch but can also be vicariously recruited by seeing other people being touched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rigato
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Sensorimotor Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Aleksandra Romanska
- Sensorimotor Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Rhiannon Thomas
- Sensorimotor Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | - José van Velzen
- Sensorimotor Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Andrew J Bremner
- Sensorimotor Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK.
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19
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Botan V, Bowling NC, Banissy MJ, Critchley H, Ward J. Individual Differences in Vicarious Pain Perception Linked to Heightened Socially Elicited Emotional States. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2355. [PMID: 30564167 PMCID: PMC6288400 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For some people (vicarious pain responders), seeing others in pain is experienced as pain felt on their own body and this has been linked to differences in the neurocognitive mechanisms that support empathy. Given that empathy is not a unitary construct, the aim of this study was to establish which empathic traits are more pronounced in vicarious pain responders. The Vicarious Pain Questionnaire (VPQ) was used to divide participants into three groups: (1) non-responders (people who report no pain when seeing someone else experiencing physical pain), (2) sensory-localized responders (report sensory qualities and a localized feeling of pain) and (3) affective-general responders (report a generalized and emotional feeling of pain). Participants completed a series of questionnaires including the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), the Empathy Quotient (EQ), the Helping Attitudes Scale (HAS), and the Emotional Contagion Scale (ECS) as well as The Individualism – Collectivism Interpersonal Assessment Inventory (ICIAI) and a self-other association task. Both groups of vicarious pain responders showed significantly greater emotional contagion and reactivity, but there was no evidence for differences in other empathic traits or self-other associations. Subsequently, the variables were grouped by a factor analysis and three main latent variables were identified. Vicarious pain responders showed greater socially elicited emotional states which included the ECS, the Emotional Reactivity Subscale of EQ and the HAS. These results show that consciously feeling the physical pain of another is mainly linked to heightened emotional contagion and reactivity which together with the HAS loaded on the socially elicited emotional states factor indicating that, in our population, these differences lead to a more helpful rather than avoidant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Botan
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.,Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie C Bowling
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Critchley
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.,Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, Brighton, United Kingdom.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Ward
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.,Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, Brighton, United Kingdom
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20
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Penton T, Bate S, Dalrymple KA, Reed T, Kelly M, Godovich S, Tamm M, Duchaine B, Banissy MJ. Using High Frequency Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation to Modulate Face Memory Performance in Younger and Older Adults: Lessons Learnt From Mixed Findings. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:863. [PMID: 30555291 PMCID: PMC6281885 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) has been shown to improve a range of cognitive and perceptual abilities. Here we sought to examine the effects of a single session of tRNS targeted at the ventrolateral prefrontal cortices (VLPFC) on face memory in younger and older adults. To do so, we conducted three experiments. In Experiment 1, we found that younger adults receiving active tRNS outperformed those receiving sham stimulation (i.e., using a between-participant factor for stimulation condition; Experiment 1). This effect was not observed for object memory (car memory) in younger adults (Experiment 2), indicating that the effect is not a general memory effect. In Experiment 3, we sought to replicate the effects of Experiment 1 using a different design (within-participant factor of stimulation – active or sham tRNS to the same individual) and to extend the study by including older adult participants. In contrast to Experiment 1, we found that active tRNS relative to sham tRNS reduced face memory performance in both younger and older adults. We also found that the degree of decline in performance in the active tRNS relative to sham tRNS condition was predicted by baseline ability, with higher performing participants showing the largest decreases in performance. Overall, the results indicate that tRNS to the VLPFC modulates face memory, but that there may be performance and protocol specific moderators of this effect. We discuss these findings in the context of the broader literature showing the importance of individual variation in the outcome of non-invasive brain stimulation intervention approaches. We conclude that while tRNS may have potential as an intervention approach, generalizing from single experiment studies to wide application is risky and caution should be adopted in interpreting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Penton
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Bate
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten A Dalrymple
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Thomas Reed
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Kelly
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sheina Godovich
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marin Tamm
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley Duchaine
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Karolis VR, Grinyaev M, Epure A, Tsoy V, Du Rietz E, Banissy MJ, Cappelletti M, Kovas Y. Probing the architecture of visual number sense with parietal tRNS. Cortex 2018; 114:54-66. [PMID: 30316449 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical accounts of the visual number sense (VNS), i.e., an ability to discriminate approximate numerosities, remain controversial. A proposal that the VNS represents a process of numerosity extraction, leading to an abstract number representation in the brain, has been challenged by the view that the VNS is non-numerical in its essence and amounts to a weighted integration of continuous magnitude features that typically change with numerosity. In the present study, using two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, we aimed to distinguish between these proposals by probing brain areas implicated in the VNS with transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS). We generated predictions for the stimulation-related changes in behavioural performance which would be compatible with alternative mechanisms proposed for the VNS. First, we investigated whether the superior parietal (SP) area hosts a numerosity code or whether its function is to modulate weighting of continuous stimulus features. We predicted that stimulation may affect the VNS precision if the SP role is representational, and that it may affect decision threshold if its role is modulatory. Second, we investigated whether the intraparietal (IP) area hosts a numerosity code independently of codes for continuous stimulus features, or whether their representations overlap. If the numerosity code is independent, we predicted that IP stimulation may improve the VNS but not continuous magnitude judgements. Our results were consistent with the hypotheses of a modulatory role of the SP and of the independence of the numerosity code in the IP, whereby suggesting that VNS is an emergent abstract property based on continuous magnitude statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav R Karolis
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, France.
| | - Mikhail Grinyaev
- International Centre for Research in Human Development, Tomsk State University, Russia
| | - Andreea Epure
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Vyacheslav Tsoy
- International Centre for Research in Human Development, Tomsk State University, Russia
| | - Ebba Du Rietz
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | | | - Marinella Cappelletti
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
| | - Yulia Kovas
- International Centre for Research in Human Development, Tomsk State University, Russia; Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a sensory experience elicited by auditory and visual triggers, which so far received little attention from the scientific community. This self-reported phenomenon is described as a relaxing tingling sensation, which typically originates on scalp and spreads through a person's body. Recently it has been suggested that ASMR shares common characteristics with another underreported condition known as misophonia, where sounds trigger negative physiological, emotional and behavioural responses. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether ASMR is associated with heightened levels of misophonia. METHODS The Misophonia Questionnaire (MQ) was administered to individuals reporting to experience ASMR and to age and gender matched controls. RESULTS Compared to controls ASMR group scored higher on all subscales of MQ including the Misophonia Symptom Scale, the Misophonia Emotions and Behaviors Scale and the Misophonia Severity Scale. DISCUSSION Individuals reporting ASMR experience have elevated levels of misophonia.
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23
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Tik M, Sladky R, Luft CDB, Willinger D, Hoffmann A, Banissy MJ, Bhattacharya J, Windischberger C. Ultra-high-field fMRI insights on insight: Neural correlates of the Aha!-moment. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3241-3252. [PMID: 29665228 PMCID: PMC6055807 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding creative solutions to difficult problems is a fundamental aspect of human culture and a skill highly needed. However, the exact neural processes underlying creative problem solving remain unclear. Insightful problem solving tasks were shown to be a valid method for investigating one subcomponent of creativity: the Aha!-moment. Finding insightful solutions during a remote associates task (RAT) was found to elicit specific cortical activity changes. Considering the strong affective components of Aha!-moments, as manifested in the subjectively experienced feeling of relief following the sudden emergence of the solution of the problem without any conscious forewarning, we hypothesized the subcortical dopaminergic reward network to be critically engaged during Aha. To investigate those subcortical contributions to insight, we employed ultra-high-field 7 T fMRI during a German Version of the RAT. During this task, subjects were exposed to word triplets and instructed to find a solution word being associated with all the three given words. They were supposed to press a button as soon as they felt confident about their solution without further revision, allowing us to capture the exact event of Aha!-moment. Besides the finding on cortical involvement of the left anterior middle temporal gyrus (aMTG), here we showed for the first time robust subcortical activity changes related to insightful problem solving in the bilateral thalamus, hippocampus, and the dopaminergic midbrain comprising ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and caudate nucleus. These results shed new light on the affective neural mechanisms underlying insightful problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tik
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - Ronald Sladky
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - Caroline Di Bernardi Luft
- Queen Mary University of LondonSchool of Biological and Chemical SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of PsychologyGoldsmiths University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - David Willinger
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - André Hoffmann
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Queen Mary University of LondonSchool of Biological and Chemical SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Christian Windischberger
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
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24
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Ward J, Schnakenberg P, Banissy MJ. The relationship between mirror-touch synaesthesia and empathy: New evidence and a new screening tool. Cogn Neuropsychol 2018; 35:314-332. [DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2018.1457017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Ward
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
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25
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Agnew ZK, Banissy MJ, McGettigan C, Walsh V, Scott SK. Investigating the Neural Basis of Theta Burst Stimulation to Premotor Cortex on Emotional Vocalization Perception: A Combined TMS-fMRI Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:150. [PMID: 29867402 PMCID: PMC5962765 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have established a role for premotor cortex in the processing of auditory emotional vocalizations. Inhibitory continuous theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) applied to right premotor cortex selectively increases the reaction time to a same-different task, implying a causal role for right ventral premotor cortex (PMv) in the processing of emotional sounds. However, little is known about the functional networks to which PMv contribute across the cortical hemispheres. In light of these data, the present study aimed to investigate how and where in the brain cTBS affects activity during the processing of auditory emotional vocalizations. Using functional neuroimaging, we report that inhibitory cTBS applied to the right premotor cortex (compared to vertex control site) results in three distinct response profiles: following stimulation of PMv, widespread frontoparietal cortices, including a site close to the target site, and parahippocampal gyrus displayed an increase in activity, whereas the reverse response profile was apparent in a set of midline structures and right IFG. A third response profile was seen in left supramarginal gyrus in which activity was greater post-stimulation at both stimulation sites. Finally, whilst previous studies have shown a condition specific behavioral effect following cTBS to premotor cortex, we did not find a condition specific neural change in BOLD response. These data demonstrate a complex relationship between cTBS and activity in widespread neural networks and are discussed in relation to both emotional processing and the neural basis of cTBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarinah K Agnew
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Clinic, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vincent Walsh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie K Scott
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Evans C, Banissy MJ, Charlton RA. The efficacy of transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) on mood may depend on individual differences including age and trait mood. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:1201-1208. [PMID: 29653297 PMCID: PMC5953277 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether changes in brain microstructures associated with ageing and presence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) reduce the efficacy of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) improving mood in euthymic older adults. METHODS Using excitatory high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) over bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the effect on mood was assessed in euthymic young adults (YA), older adults (HOA) and older adults with CVRF (OVR). Active-tRNS or sham was applied over two sessions. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale measured self-reported state mood before and after stimulation. Trait mood was also measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale. RESULTS Response to tRNS seemed dependent on individual differences in age and trait mood. In HOA, more negative trait mood was associated with more positive mood change after tRNS. OVR showed a similar but reduced pattern of mood change to HOA. In YA, more positive trait mood was associated with greater positive mood change after tRNS. CONCLUSIONS Age and trait mood may be important factors when examining the efficacy of tES as an alternative treatment for depression. SIGNIFICANCE Future studies should consider how response to tES is affected by individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carys Evans
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
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Grice-Jackson T, Critchley HD, Banissy MJ, Ward J. Consciously Feeling the Pain of Others Reflects Atypical Functional Connectivity between the Pain Matrix and Frontal-Parietal Regions. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:507. [PMID: 29104537 PMCID: PMC5655021 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Around a quarter of the population report “mirror pain” experiences in which bodily sensations of pain are elicited in response to viewing another person in pain. We have shown that this population of responders further fractionates into two distinct subsets (Sensory/localized and Affective/General), which presents an important opportunity to investigate the neural underpinnings of individual differences in empathic responses. Our study uses fMRI to determine how regions involved in the perception of pain interact with regions implicated in empathic regulation in these two groups, relative to controls. When observing pain in others (minor injuries to the hands and feet), the two responder groups show activation in both the sensory/discriminative and affective/motivational components of the pain matrix. The control group only showed activation in the latter. The two responder groups showed clear differences in functional connectivity. Notably, Sensory/Localized responders manifest significant coupling between the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ) and bilateral anterior insula. We conclude that conscious experiences of vicarious pain is supported by specific patterns of functional connectivity between pain-related and regulatory regions, and not merely increased activity within the pain matrix itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grice-Jackson
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom.,Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo D Critchley
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmith's College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Ward
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom.,Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
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Bowling NC, Banissy MJ. Modulating vicarious tactile perception with transcranial electrical current stimulation. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2355-2364. [PMID: 28921774 PMCID: PMC5900887 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Our capacity to share the experiences of others is a critical part of social behaviour. One process thought to be important for this is vicarious perception. Passively viewing touch activates some of the same network of brain regions as the direct experience of touch. This vicarious experience is usually implicit, but for some people, viewing touch evokes conscious tactile sensations (mirror-touch synaesthesia). Recent work has attempted to induce conscious vicarious touch in those that do not normally experience these sensations, using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Anodal tDCS applied to primary somatosensory cortex (SI) was found to induce behavioural performance akin to mirror-touch synaesthesia on a visuotactile interference task. Here, we conducted two experiments that sought to replicate and extend these findings by examining: (i) the effects of tDCS and high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) targeted at SI and temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) on vicarious tactile perception, (ii) the extent to which any stimulation effects were specific to viewing touch to humans vs. inanimate agents and (iii) the influence of visual perspective (viewing touch from one's own vs. another's perspective) on vicarious perception. In Experiment 1, tRNS targeted at SI did not modulate vicarious perception. In Experiment 2, tDCS targeted at SI, but not TPJ, resulted in some modulation of vicarious perception, but there were important caveats to this effect. Implications regarding mechanisms of vicarious perception are discussed. Collectively, the findings do not provide convincing evidence for the potential to modulate vicarious tactile perception with transcranial electrical current stimulation.
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30
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Yang T, Banissy MJ. Enhancing anger perception in older adults by stimulating inferior frontal cortex with high frequency transcranial random noise stimulation. Neuropsychologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Luft CDB, Zioga I, Banissy MJ, Bhattacharya J. Relaxing learned constraints through cathodal tDCS on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2916. [PMID: 28592845 PMCID: PMC5462743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We solve problems by applying previously learned rules. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays a pivotal role in automating this process of rule induction. Despite its usual efficiency, this process fails when we encounter new problems in which past experience leads to a mental rut. Learned rules could therefore act as constraints which need to be removed in order to change the problem representation for producing the solution. We investigated the possibility of suppressing the DLPFC by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to facilitate such representational change. Participants solved matchstick arithmetic problems before and after receiving cathodal, anodal or sham tDCS to the left DLPFC. Participants who received cathodal tDCS were more likely to solve the problems that require the maximal relaxation of previously learned constraints than the participants who received anodal or sham tDCS. We conclude that cathodal tDCS over the left DLPFC might facilitate the relaxation of learned constraints, leading to a successful representational change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Di Bernardi Luft
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom. .,Goldsmiths, University of London, Department of Psychology, London, SE14 6NW, United Kingdom.
| | - Ioanna Zioga
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Goldsmiths, University of London, Department of Psychology, London, SE14 6NW, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Goldsmiths, University of London, Department of Psychology, London, SE14 6NW, United Kingdom
| | - Joydeep Bhattacharya
- Goldsmiths, University of London, Department of Psychology, London, SE14 6NW, United Kingdom.
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32
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Ward J, Banissy MJ. From mirror-touch synesthesia to models of vicarious experience: A reply to commentaries. Cogn Neurosci 2017; 8:224-227. [PMID: 28524804 DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2017.1332020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this reply to the eight commentaries to our article, we discuss three important challenges. First, we discuss the relationship of mirror-touch to other forms of synesthesia. We note that synesthetic experiences are generally not mistaken as veridical but this does not mean that they lack percept-like qualities. We acknowledge that neither Threshold Theory nor Self-Other Theory offer a direct account of other forms of synesthesia, although we discuss how the latter could. Second, we discuss alternative explanations. Notably predictive coding offers a different way of framing our current theory, and extending it to related phenomena. Finally, we discuss how mirror-touch synesthesia may relate to other atypical experiences of body ownership such as the rubber hand illusion, and somatoparaphrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Ward
- a School of Psychology , University of Sussex , Brighton , UK
| | - Michael J Banissy
- b Department of Psychology , Goldsmiths, University of London , London , UK
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33
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Cioffi MC, Cocchini G, Banissy MJ, Moore JW. Ageing and agency: age-related changes in susceptibility to illusory experiences of control. R Soc Open Sci 2017; 4:161065. [PMID: 28572999 PMCID: PMC5451800 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.161065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sense of agency (SoAg) is the feeling of control over one's actions and their effects. It can be augmented or attenuated by internal signals and by external cues. Research has shown a reduction in the SoAg in older adulthood, but the reasons behind this change remain unclear. We investigated agency processing differences that may underpin age-related changes in SoAg. Using a modified version of a vicarious agency paradigm, we tested the modulation of SoAg by manipulating external situational agency cues in younger and older adults. Our results show that the illusion of vicarious agency was less pronounced in older adults. These results were replicated in a second experiment which also showed that older adults performed significantly better in interoception and proprioception tasks. We suggest that increased reliance on internal cues may explain differences in agency processing in older adulthood.
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34
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Schaal NK, Pollok B, Banissy MJ. Hemispheric differences between left and right supramarginal gyrus for pitch and rhythm memory. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42456. [PMID: 28198386 PMCID: PMC5309738 DOI: 10.1038/srep42456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional brain imaging studies and non-invasive brain stimulation methods have shown the importance of the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) for pitch memory. The extent to which this brain region plays a crucial role in memory for other auditory material remains unclear. Here, we sought to investigate the role of the left and right SMG in pitch and rhythm memory in non-musicians. Anodal or sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was applied over the left SMG (Experiment 1) and right SMG (Experiment 2) in two different sessions. In each session participants completed a pitch and rhythm recognition memory task immediately after tDCS. A significant facilitation of pitch memory was revealed when anodal stimulation was applied over the left SMG. No significant effects on pitch memory were found for anodal tDCS over the right SMG or sham condition. For rhythm memory the opposite pattern was found; anodal tDCS over the right SMG led to an improvement in performance, but anodal tDCS over the left SMG had no significant effect. These results highlight a different hemispheric involvement of the SMG in auditory memory processing depending on auditory material that is encoded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora K. Schaal
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bettina Pollok
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael J. Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, SE14 6NW, London, UK
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35
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Gillmeister H, Bowling N, Rigato S, Banissy MJ. Inter-Individual Differences in Vicarious Tactile Perception: a View Across the Lifespan in Typical and Atypical Populations. Multisens Res 2017; 30:485-508. [DOI: 10.1163/22134808-00002543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Touch is our most interpersonal sense, and so it stands to reason that we represent not only our own bodily experiences, but also those felt by others. This review will summarise brain and behavioural research on vicarious tactile perception (mirror touch). Specifically, we will focus on vicarious touch across the lifespan in typical and atypical groups, and will identify the knowledge gaps that are in urgent need of filling by examining what is known about how individuals differ within and between typical and atypical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Gillmeister
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Natalie Bowling
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Silvia Rigato
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Michael J. Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London, SE14 6NW, UK
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36
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Janik McErlean AB, Banissy MJ. Assessing Individual Variation in Personality and Empathy Traits in Self-Reported Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response. Multisens Res 2017; 30:601-613. [DOI: 10.1163/22134808-00002571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a self-reported multi-sensory phenomenon described as a pleasant tingling sensation, triggered by certain auditory and visual stimuli, which typically originates at the back of the head and tends to spread throughout the whole body resulting in a relaxed and sedated state. Despite growing reports of ASMR there is a lack of scientific investigation of this intriguing phenomenon. This study is the first to examine whether self-reported ASMR is associated with individual differences in personality characteristics compared to general population. To do so we administered the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and the Inter-Personal Reactivity Index (IRI) to a group of individuals reporting to experience ASMR and a matched control group. Our findings showed that ASMR self-reporters scored higher on Openness to Experience and lower on Conscientiousness measures of BFI. They also showed greater scores on Empathic Concern and Fantasizing subscale of IRI. These findings are discussed in the context of the personality profile found in synaesthesia, which has been recently suggested to be more prevalent among people reporting ASMR experiences.
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Abstract
Synaesthesia is a rare phenomenon in which stimulation in one modality (e.g., audition) evokes a secondary percept not associated with the first (e.g., colour). Prior work has suggested links between synaesthesia and other neurodevelopmental conditions that are linked to altered social perception abilities. With this in mind, here we sought to examine social perception abilities in grapheme-colour synaesthesia (where achromatic graphemes evoke colour experiences) by examining facial identity and facial emotion perception in synaesthetes and controls. Our results indicate that individuals who experience grapheme-colour synaesthesia outperformed controls on tasks involving fine visual discrimination of facial identity and emotion, but not on tasks involving holistic face processing. These findings are discussed in the context of broader perceptual and cognitive traits previously associated with synaesthesia for colour, with the suggestion that performance benefits shown by grapheme-colour synaesthetes may be related to domain-general visual discrimination biases observed in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka B Janik McErlean
- a Department of Psychology , Goldsmiths University of London , London , UK.,b Department of Psychology , James Cook University , Singapore
| | - Tirta Susilo
- c School of Psychology , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Constantin Rezlescu
- d Department of Psychology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA.,e Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience , University College London , London , UK
| | - Amy Bray
- f Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , Dartmouth College , Hanover , NH , USA
| | - Michael J Banissy
- a Department of Psychology , Goldsmiths University of London , London , UK
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38
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Janik McErlean AB, Banissy MJ. Color Processing in Synesthesia: What Synesthesia Can and Cannot Tell Us About Mechanisms of Color Processing. Top Cogn Sci 2016; 9:215-227. [PMID: 27943645 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synesthetic experiences of color have been traditionally conceptualized as a perceptual phenomenon. However, recent evidence suggests a role of higher order cognition in the formation of synesthetic experiences. Here, we discuss how synesthetic experiences of color differ from and influence veridical color processing, and how non-perceptual processes such as imagery and color memory might play a role in eliciting synesthetic color experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka B Janik McErlean
- Department of Psychology, James Cook University.,Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London
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39
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de Guzman M, Bird G, Banissy MJ, Catmur C. Self-other control processes in social cognition: from imitation to empathy. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20150079. [PMID: 26644597 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the evidence that an ability to achieve a precise balance between representing the self and representing other people is crucial in social interaction. This ability is required for imitation, perspective-taking, theory of mind and empathy; and disruption to this ability may contribute to the symptoms of clinical and sub-clinical conditions, including autism spectrum disorder and mirror-touch synaesthesia. Moving beyond correlational approaches, a recent intervention study demonstrated that training participants to control representations of the self and others improves their ability to control imitative behaviour, and to take another's visual perspective. However, it is unclear whether these effects apply to other areas of social interaction, such as the ability to empathize with others. We report original data showing that participants trained to increase self-other control in the motor domain demonstrated increased empathic corticospinal responses (Experiment 1) and self-reported empathy (Experiment 2), as well as an increased ability to control imitation. These results suggest that the ability to control self and other representations contributes to empathy as well as to other types of social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie de Guzman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Caroline Catmur
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK Department of Psychology, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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40
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Janik McErlean AB, Banissy MJ. Examining the Relationship Between Schizotypy and Self-Reported Visual Imagery Vividness in Grapheme-Color Synaesthesia. Front Psychol 2016; 7:131. [PMID: 26973548 PMCID: PMC4770252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaesthesia is a condition in which one property of a stimulus triggers a secondary experience not typically associated with the first (e.g., seeing achromatic graphemes can evoke the perception of color). Recent work has explored a variety of cognitive and perceptual traits associated with synaesthesia. One example is in the domain of personality, where higher rates of positive schizotypy and openness to experience and lower agreeableness have been reported in synaesthetes who experience color as their evoked sensation relative to typical adult controls. Additionally, grapheme-color synaesthetes have previously been reported to show elevated mental imagery compared to typical adults. Here, we aimed to further elucidate the relationship between personality, synaesthesia, and other cognitive traits. In Study 1, we examined self-reported schizotypy and self-reported visual imagery vividness in grapheme-color synaesthetes and typical adults. Our results partially replicated previous findings by showing that synaesthesia was associated with greater positive schizotypy and enhanced self-reported imagery vividness. The results also extend previous reports by demonstrating that differences in positive schizotypy and mental imagery vividness are not related in grapheme-color synaesthesia. In Study 2, we sought to build on prior work showing lower agreeableness and increased openness to experience in synaesthetes by examining whether grapheme-color synaesthesia is associated with other conceptually related traits; namely lower self-monitoring and increased sensation seeking. We did not find any differences between synaesthetes and controls on either of these traits. These findings are discussed in relation to potential factors that may contribute to the observed personality profile in grapheme-color synaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka B Janik McErlean
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of LondonLondon, UK; Department of Psychology, James Cook UniversitySingapore, Singapore
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London London, UK
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41
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Cioffi MC, Banissy MJ, Moore JW. 'Am I moving?' An illusion of agency and ownership in mirror-touch synaesthesia. Cognition 2015; 146:426-30. [PMID: 26550800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mirror-touch synaesthesia (MTS) is a condition that leads people to experience tactile sensations on their own body when watching at someone else being touched. Recent accounts postulate that MTS is linked with atypical self-other representations. It has been suggested that this may be associated with disturbances in two main components of self-awareness: sense of agency and sense of ownership. This study investigates changes in sense of agency and sense of ownership in MTS. Using a paradigm that deliberately blurs the boundaries between the self and the other, we not only found that MTS affects sense of agency and sense of ownership, but that these aspects of self-awareness are affected differently. We suggest that alterations in sense of agency can be linked to more profound disturbances in sense of ownership in MTS, and that MTS may be characterised by underlying difficulties in self-other processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - James W Moore
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
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42
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Sowden S, Wright GRT, Banissy MJ, Catmur C, Bird G. Transcranial Current Stimulation of the Temporoparietal Junction Improves Lie Detection. Curr Biol 2015; 25:2447-51. [PMID: 26344092 PMCID: PMC4580333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect deception is of vital importance in human society, playing a crucial role in communication, cooperation, and trade between societies, businesses, and individuals. However, numerous studies have shown, remarkably consistently, that we are only slightly above chance when it comes to detecting deception [1]. Here we investigate whether inconsistency between one’s own opinion and the stated opinion of another impairs judgment of the veracity of that statement, in the same way that one’s own mental, affective, and action states, when inconsistent, can interfere with representation of those states in another [2]. Within the context of lie detection, individuals may be less accurate when judging the veracity of another’s opinion when it is inconsistent with their own opinion. Here we present a video-mediated lie-detection task to confirm this prediction: individuals correctly identified truths or lies less often when the other’s expressed opinion was inconsistent with their own (experiment 1). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) has previously been shown to improve the ability to selectively represent the self or another [3–5]. We therefore predicted that TPJ stimulation would enable lie detectors to inhibit their own views, enhance those of the other, and improve their ability to determine whether another was presenting their true opinion. Experiment 2 confirmed this second prediction: anodal tDCS of the TPJ improved lie detection specifically when one’s own and others’ views were conflicting. Inconsistency between one’s own and another’s stated opinion impairs lie detection Stimulation of the right TPJ improves lie detection in opinion-inconsistent situations
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sowden
- MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Gordon R T Wright
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UK; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Caroline Catmur
- MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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43
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Santiesteban I, Banissy MJ, Catmur C, Bird G. Functional lateralization of temporoparietal junction - imitation inhibition, visual perspective-taking and theory of mind. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:2527-33. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Idalmis Santiesteban
- Department of Psychological Sciences; Birkbeck; University of London; Malet Street London WC1E 7HX UK
| | - Michael J. Banissy
- Department of Psychology; Goldsmiths; University of London; New Cross, London SE14 6NW UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience; University College London; 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR UK
| | - Caroline Catmur
- Department of Psychology; University of Surrey; Guildford, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience; University College London; 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR UK
- MRC Social; Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry; Kings College London; DeCrespigny Park, London SE5 8AF UK
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Schaal NK, Javadi AH, Halpern AR, Pollok B, Banissy MJ. Right parietal cortex mediates recognition memory for melodies. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:1660-6. [PMID: 25959620 PMCID: PMC4737257 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Functional brain imaging studies have highlighted the significance of right‐lateralized temporal, frontal and parietal brain areas for memory for melodies. The present study investigated the involvement of bilateral posterior parietal cortices (PPCs) for the recognition memory of melodies using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Participants performed a recognition task before and after tDCS. The task included an encoding phase (12 melodies), a retention period, as well as a recognition phase (24 melodies). Experiment 1 revealed that anodal tDCS over the right PPC led to a deterioration of overall memory performance compared with sham. Experiment 2 confirmed the results of Experiment 1 and further showed that anodal tDCS over the left PPC did not show a modulatory effect on memory task performance, indicating a right lateralization for musical memory. Furthermore, both experiments revealed that the decline in memory for melodies can be traced back to an interference of anodal stimulation on the recollection process (remember judgements) rather than to familiarity judgements. Taken together, this study revealed a causal involvement of the right PPC for memory for melodies and demonstrated a key role for this brain region in the recollection process of the memory task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora K Schaal
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amir-Homayoun Javadi
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea R Halpern
- Department of Psychology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Bettina Pollok
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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45
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46
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Schaal NK, Williamson VJ, Kelly M, Muggleton NG, Pollok B, Krause V, Banissy MJ. A causal involvement of the left supramarginal gyrus during the retention of musical pitches. Cortex 2015; 64:310-7. [PMID: 25577719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nora K Schaal
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, SE14 6NW, London, UK.
| | - Victoria J Williamson
- Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6003 Lucerne, Switzerland; Department of Music, University of Sheffield, S3 7RA, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maria Kelly
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, SE14 6NW, London, UK
| | - Neil G Muggleton
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, SE14 6NW, London, UK; Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bettina Pollok
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vanessa Krause
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, SE14 6NW, London, UK; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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47
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Romanska A, Rezlescu C, Susilo T, Duchaine B, Banissy MJ. High-Frequency Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation Enhances Perception of Facial Identity. Cereb Cortex 2015; 25:4334-40. [PMID: 25662714 PMCID: PMC4816786 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated the utility of transcranial current stimulation as a tool to facilitate a variety of cognitive and perceptual abilities. Few studies, though, have examined the utility of this approach for the processing of social information. Here, we conducted 2 experiments to explore whether a single session of high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) targeted at lateral occipitotemporal cortices would enhance facial identity perception. In Experiment 1, participants received 20 min of active high-frequency tRNS or sham stimulation prior to completing the tasks examining facial identity perception or trustworthiness perception. Active high-frequency tRNS facilitated facial identity perception, but not trustworthiness perception. Experiment 2 assessed the spatial specificity of this effect by delivering 20 min of active high-frequency tRNS to lateral occipitotemporal cortices or sensorimotor cortices prior to participants completing the same facial identity perception task used in Experiment 1. High-frequency tRNS targeted at lateral occipitotemporal cortices enhanced performance relative to motor cortex stimulation. These findings show that high-frequency tRNS to lateral occipitotemporal cortices produces task-specific and site-specific enhancements in face perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Romanska
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UK
| | | | - Tirta Susilo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Bradley Duchaine
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London London, UK
| | - Clare Jonas
- School of Psychology, University of East London London, UK
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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Hogeveen J, Obhi SS, Banissy MJ, Santiesteban I, Press C, Catmur C, Bird G. Task-dependent and distinct roles of the temporoparietal junction and inferior frontal cortex in the control of imitation. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 10:1003-9. [PMID: 25481003 PMCID: PMC4483570 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of neurological networks supporting social cognition is crucially important for social interaction. In particular, the control of imitation is directly linked to interaction quality, with impairments associated with disorders characterized by social difficulties. Previous work suggests inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) are involved in controlling imitation, but the functional roles of these areas remain unclear. Here, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was used to enhance cortical excitability at IFC and the TPJ prior to the completion of three tasks: (i) a naturalistic social interaction during which increased imitation is known to improve rapport, (ii) a choice reaction time task in which imitation needs to be inhibited for successful performance and (iii) a non-imitative control task. Relative to sham stimulation, stimulating IFC improved the context-dependent control of imitation-participants imitated more during the social interaction and less during the imitation inhibition task. In contrast, stimulating the TPJ reduced imitation in the inhibition task without affecting imitation during social interaction. Neither stimulation site affected the non-imitative control task. These data support a model in which IFC modulates imitation directly according to task demands, whereas TPJ controls task-appropriate shifts in attention toward representation of the self or the other, indirectly impacting upon imitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Hogeveen
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths and Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK, Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, and MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychology Centre, King's College London and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths and Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK, Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, and MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychology Centre, King's College London and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sukhvinder S Obhi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths and Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK, Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, and MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychology Centre, King's College London and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths and Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK, Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, and MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychology Centre, King's College London and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Idalmis Santiesteban
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths and Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK, Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, and MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychology Centre, King's College London and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clare Press
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths and Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK, Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, and MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychology Centre, King's College London and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Catmur
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths and Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK, Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, and MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychology Centre, King's College London and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths and Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK, Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, and MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychology Centre, King's College London and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths and Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK, Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, and MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychology Centre, King's College London and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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Menouti K, Akiva-Kabiri L, Banissy MJ, Stewart L. Timbre-colour synaesthesia: exploring the consistency of associations based on timbre. Cortex 2014; 63:1-3. [PMID: 25241393 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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