1
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Hayes BH, Wang M, Zhu H, Phan SH, Dooling LJ, Andrechak JC, Chang AH, Tobin MP, Ontko NM, Marchena T, Discher DE. Chromosomal instability can favor macrophage-mediated immune response and induce a broad, vaccination-like anti-tumor IgG response. bioRxiv 2024:2023.04.02.535275. [PMID: 37066426 PMCID: PMC10103980 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.02.535275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN), a state in which cells undergo mitotic aberrations that generate chromosome copy number variations, generates aneuploidy and is thought to drive cancer evolution. Although associated with poor prognosis and reduced immune response, CIN generates aneuploidy-induced stresses that could be exploited for immunotherapies. In such contexts, macrophages and the CD47-SIRPα checkpoint are understudied. Here, CIN is induced pharmacologically induced in poorly immunogenic B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, generating persistent micronuclei and diverse aneuploidy while skewing macrophages towards an anti-cancer M1-like phenotype, based on RNA-sequencing profiling, surface marker expression and short-term antitumor studies. These results further translate to in vivo efficacy: Mice bearing CIN-afflicted tumors with wild-type CD47 levels survive only slightly longer relative to chromosomally stable controls, but long-term survival is maximized when combining macrophage-stimulating anti-tumor IgG opsonization and some form of disruption of the CD47-SIRPα checkpoint. Survivors make multi-epitope, de novo anti-cancer IgG that promote macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of CD47 knockout B16F10 cells and suppress tumoroids in vitro and growth of tumors in vivo . CIN does not greatly affect the level of the IgG response compared to previous studies but does significantly increase survival. These results highlight an unexpected therapeutic benefit from CIN when paired with maximal macrophage anti-cancer activity: an anti-cancer vaccination-like antibody response that can lead to more durable cures and further potentiate cell-mediated acquired immunity.
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2
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Tobin MP, Pfeifer CR, Zhu PK, Hayes BH, Wang M, Vashisth M, Xia Y, Phan SH, Belt SA, Irianto J, Discher DE. Differences in cell shape, motility, and growth reflect chromosomal number variations that can be visualized with live-cell ChReporters. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:br19. [PMID: 37903225 PMCID: PMC10848937 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome numbers often change dynamically in tumors and cultured cells, which complicates therapy as well as understanding genotype-mechanotype relationships. Here we use a live-cell "ChReporter" method to identify cells with a single chromosomal loss in efforts to better understand differences in cell shape, motility, and growth. We focus on a standard cancer line and first show clonal populations that retain the ChReporter exhibit large differences in cell and nuclear morphology as well as motility. Phenotype metrics follow simple rules, including migratory persistence scaling with speed, and cytoskeletal differences are evident from drug responses, imaging, and single-cell RNA sequencing. However, mechanotype-genotype relationships between fluorescent ChReporter-positive clones proved complex and motivated comparisons of clones that differ only in loss or retention of a Chromosome-5 ChReporter. When lost, fluorescence-null cells show low expression of Chromosome-5 genes, including a key tumor suppressor APC that regulates microtubules and proliferation. Colonies are compact, nuclei are rounded, and cells proliferate more, with drug results implicating APC, and patient survival data indicating an association in multiple tumor-types. Visual identification of genotype with ChReporters can thus help clarify mechanotype and mechano-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Tobin
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | | | - Brandon H. Hayes
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mai Wang
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Manasvita Vashisth
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yuntao Xia
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Steven H. Phan
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Susanna A. Belt
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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3
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Ivanovska IL, Tobin MP, Bai T, Dooling LJ, Discher DE. Small lipid droplets are rigid enough to indent a nucleus, dilute the lamina, and cause rupture. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202208123. [PMID: 37212777 PMCID: PMC10202833 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202208123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleus in many cell types is a stiff organelle, but fat-filled lipid droplets (FDs) in cytoplasm are seen to indent and displace the nucleus. FDs are phase-separated liquids with a poorly understood interfacial tension γ that determines how FDs interact with other organelles. Here, micron-sized FDs remain spherical as they indent peri-nuclear actomyosin and the nucleus, while causing local dilution of Lamin-B1 independent of Lamin-A,C and sometimes triggering nuclear rupture. Focal accumulation of the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS at the rupture site is accompanied by sustained mislocalization of DNA repair factors to cytoplasm, increased DNA damage, and delayed cell cycle. Macrophages show FDs and engulfed rigid beads cause similar indentation dilution. Spherical shapes of small FDs indicate a high γ, which we measure for FDs mechanically isolated from fresh adipose tissue as ∼40 mN/m. This value is far higher than that of protein condensates, but typical of oils in water and sufficiently rigid to perturb cell structures including nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena L. Ivanovska
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P. Tobin
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tianyi Bai
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Dooling
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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4
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Hayes BH, Zhu PK, Wang M, Pfeifer CR, Xia Y, Phan S, Andrechak JC, Du J, Tobin MP, Anlas A, Dooling LJ, Vashisth M, Irianto J, Lampson MA, Discher DE. Confinement plus Myosin-II suppression maximizes heritable loss of chromosomes, as revealed by live-cell ChReporters. J Cell Sci 2023:308945. [PMID: 37158012 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A cell's mechanical environment can have many effects, but whether it impacts a cell's DNA sequence has remained unclear. To investigate this, we developed a live-cell method to measure changes in chromosome numbers. We edited constitutive genes with GFP/RFP-tags on single alleles and discovered that cells that lose Chromosome-reporters (ChReporters) become non-fluorescent. We applied our new tools to confined mitosis and to inhibition of the putative tumor suppressor Myosin-II. We quantified compression of mitotic chromatin in vivo and demonstrated that similar compression in vitro resulted in cell death, but also rare and heritable ChReptorter loss. Myosin-II suppression rescued lethal multipolar divisions and maximized ChReporter loss in 3D-compression and 2D-confinement, but not in standard 2D-culture. ChReporter loss associated with chromosome mis-segregation, rather than just the number of divisions, and loss in vitro and in mice was selected against in subsequent 2D-cultures. Inhibition of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) caused ChReporter loss in 2D, as expected, but not in 3D-compression, suggesting a SAC perturbation. Thus, confinement and myosin-II affect DNA sequence and mechano-evolution, and ChReporters enable diverse studies of viable genetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon H Hayes
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Kuangzheng Zhu
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mai Wang
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte R Pfeifer
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuntao Xia
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven Phan
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason C Andrechak
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Junhong Du
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Tobin
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alisya Anlas
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lawrence J Dooling
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manasvita Vashisth
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Dennis E Discher
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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5
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Pfeifer CR, Tobin MP, Cho S, Vashisth M, Dooling LJ, Vazquez LL, Ricci-De Lucca EG, Simon KT, Discher DE. Gaussian curvature dilutes the nuclear lamina, favoring nuclear rupture, especially at high strain rate. Nucleus 2022; 13:129-143. [PMID: 35293271 PMCID: PMC8928808 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2022.2045726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear rupture has long been associated with deficits or defects in lamins, with recent results also indicating a role for actomyosin stress, but key physical determinants of rupture remain unclear. Here, lamin-B filaments stably interact with the nuclear membrane at sites of low Gaussian curvature yet dilute at high curvature to favor rupture, whereas lamin-A depletion requires high strain-rates. Live-cell imaging of lamin-B1 gene-edited cancer cells is complemented by fixed-cell imaging of rupture in: iPS-derived progeria patients cells, cells within beating chick embryo hearts, and cancer cells with multi-site rupture after migration through small pores. Data fit a model of stiff filaments that detach from a curved surface.Rupture is modestly suppressed by inhibiting myosin-II and by hypotonic stress, which slow the strain-rates. Lamin-A dilution and rupture probability indeed increase above a threshold rate of nuclear pulling. Curvature-sensing mechanisms of proteins at plasma membranes, including Piezo1, might thus apply at nuclear membranes.Summary statement: High nuclear curvature drives lamina dilution and nuclear envelope rupture even when myosin stress is inhibited. Stiff filaments generally dilute from sites of high Gaussian curvature, providing mathematical fits of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Graduate Group/Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P. Tobin
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Graduate Group/Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sangkyun Cho
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manasvita Vashisth
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Dooling
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lizeth Lopez Vazquez
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma G. Ricci-De Lucca
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keiann T. Simon
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Graduate Group/Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Graduate Group/Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,CONTACT Dennis E. Discher Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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6
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Abstract
Foreign particles and microbes are rapidly cleared by macrophages in vivo, although many key aspects of uptake mechanisms remain unclear. "Self" cells express CD47 which functions as an anti-phagocytic ligand for SIRPα on macrophages, particularly when pro-phagocytic ligands such as antibodies are displayed in parallel. Here, we review CD47 and related "Self" peptides as modulators of macrophage uptake. Nanoparticles conjugated with either CD47 or peptides derived from its SIRPα binding site can suppress phagocytic uptake by macrophages in vitro and in vivo, with similar findings for CD47-displaying viruses. Drugs, dyes, and genes as payloads thus show increased delivery to targeted cells. On the other hand, CD47 expression by cancer cells enables such cells to evade macrophages and immune surveillance. This has motivated development of soluble antagonists to CD47-SIRPα, ranging from blocking antibodies in the clinic to synthetic peptides in preclinical models. CD47 and peptides are thus emerging as dual-use phagocytosis modulators against diseases.
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7
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Andrechak JC, Dooling LJ, Tobin MP, Zhang W, Hayes BH, Lee JY, Jin X, Irianto J, Discher DE. CD47-SIRPα Checkpoint Disruption in Metastases Requires Tumor-Targeting Antibody for Molecular and Engineered Macrophage Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1930. [PMID: 35454837 PMCID: PMC9026896 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrophage checkpoint interaction CD47-SIRPα is an emerging target for cancer therapy, but clinical trials of monoclonal anti-CD47 show efficacy only in liquid tumors when combined with tumor-opsonizing IgG. Here, in challenging metastatic solid tumors, CD47 deletion shows no effect on tumor growth unless combined with otherwise ineffective tumor-opsonization, and we likewise show wild-type metastases are suppressed by SIRPα-blocked macrophages plus tumor-opsonization. Lung tumor nodules of syngeneic B16F10 melanoma cells with CD47 deletion show opsonization drives macrophage phagocytosis of B16F10s, consistent with growth versus phagocytosis calculus for exponential suppression of cancer. Wild-type CD47 levels on metastases in lungs of immunocompetent mice and on human metastases in livers of immunodeficient mice show that systemic injection of antibody-engineered macrophages also suppresses growth. Such in vivo functionality can be modulated by particle pre-loading of the macrophages. Thus, even though CD47-SIRPα disruption and tumor-opsonizing IgG are separately ineffective against established metastatic solid tumors, their combination in molecular and cellular therapies prolongs survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Andrechak
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lawrence J Dooling
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Tobin
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William Zhang
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brandon H Hayes
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justine Y Lee
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaoling Jin
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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8
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Zhu K, Hayes B, Wang M, Tobin MP, Andrechak JC, Xia Y, Dooling LJ, Pfeifer CR, Irianto J, Discher DE, Du J. Live Cell Chromosome Loss Reporter Shows Mechanical Confinement Associates with Chromosome Mis-Segregation. Biophys J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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9
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Dooling LJ, Andrechak JC, Hayes BH, Kadu S, Pan R, Tobin MP, Vashisth M, Discher DE. Solid Tumor Cures by Complete Disruption of the CD47:SIRPα Macrophage Checkpoint, Tumor Opsonization, and ‘Phagocytic Feedback’. Biophys J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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10
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Tobin MP, Pfeifer CR, Ricci-De Lucca EG, Lopez L, Simon KT, Discher DE. Beyond a Critical Strain Rate, Lamin-A Dilutes and Nuclei Rupture at Sites of High Curvature. Biophys J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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11
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Ivanovska IL, Tobin MP, Pfeifer CR, Discher DE. Lipid Droplets Deform Nucleus and Cause Mislocalization of DNA Repair Factors. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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12
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Pfeifer CR, Tobin MP, Lopez L, Ricci-De Lucca EG, Simon KT, Discher DE. Beyond a Critical Strain, Lamin-A Dilates and Nuclei Rupture at Sites of High Curvature. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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13
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Xia Y, Pfeifer CR, Zhu K, Irianto J, Liu D, Pannell K, Chen EJ, Dooling LJ, Tobin MP, Wang M, Ivanovska IL, Smith LR, Greenberg RA, Discher DE. Rescue of DNA damage after constricted migration reveals a mechano-regulated threshold for cell cycle. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2545-2563. [PMID: 31239284 PMCID: PMC6683732 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201811100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration through 3D constrictions can cause nuclear rupture and mislocalization of nuclear proteins, but damage to DNA remains uncertain, as does any effect on cell cycle. Here, myosin II inhibition rescues rupture and partially rescues the DNA damage marker γH2AX, but an apparent block in cell cycle appears unaffected. Co-overexpression of multiple DNA repair factors or antioxidant inhibition of break formation also exert partial effects, independently of rupture. Combined treatments completely rescue cell cycle suppression by DNA damage, revealing a sigmoidal dependence of cell cycle on excess DNA damage. Migration through custom-etched pores yields the same damage threshold, with ∼4-µm pores causing intermediate levels of both damage and cell cycle suppression. High curvature imposed rapidly by pores or probes or else by small micronuclei consistently associates nuclear rupture with dilution of stiff lamin-B filaments, loss of repair factors, and entry from cytoplasm of chromatin-binding cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase). The cell cycle block caused by constricted migration is nonetheless reversible, with a potential for DNA misrepair and genome variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Xia
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kuangzheng Zhu
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dazhen Liu
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kalia Pannell
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emily J. Chen
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lawrence J. Dooling
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael P. Tobin
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mai Wang
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Irena L. Ivanovska
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lucas R. Smith
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roger A. Greenberg
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Correspondence to D.E. Discher:
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14
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Ling K, Vedanaparti Y, Tobin MP, Desai RP, Zhang G, Pokrovskaya ID, Storrie B, Aronova MA, Leapman RD. Structural Analysis of Mouse Platelets using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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