1
|
Hayes BH, Wang M, Zhu H, Phan SH, Dooling LJ, Andrechak JC, Chang AH, Tobin MP, Ontko NM, Marchena T, Discher DE. Chromosomal instability can favor macrophage-mediated immune response and induce a broad, vaccination-like anti-tumor IgG response. bioRxiv 2024:2023.04.02.535275. [PMID: 37066426 PMCID: PMC10103980 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.02.535275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN), a state in which cells undergo mitotic aberrations that generate chromosome copy number variations, generates aneuploidy and is thought to drive cancer evolution. Although associated with poor prognosis and reduced immune response, CIN generates aneuploidy-induced stresses that could be exploited for immunotherapies. In such contexts, macrophages and the CD47-SIRPα checkpoint are understudied. Here, CIN is induced pharmacologically induced in poorly immunogenic B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, generating persistent micronuclei and diverse aneuploidy while skewing macrophages towards an anti-cancer M1-like phenotype, based on RNA-sequencing profiling, surface marker expression and short-term antitumor studies. These results further translate to in vivo efficacy: Mice bearing CIN-afflicted tumors with wild-type CD47 levels survive only slightly longer relative to chromosomally stable controls, but long-term survival is maximized when combining macrophage-stimulating anti-tumor IgG opsonization and some form of disruption of the CD47-SIRPα checkpoint. Survivors make multi-epitope, de novo anti-cancer IgG that promote macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of CD47 knockout B16F10 cells and suppress tumoroids in vitro and growth of tumors in vivo . CIN does not greatly affect the level of the IgG response compared to previous studies but does significantly increase survival. These results highlight an unexpected therapeutic benefit from CIN when paired with maximal macrophage anti-cancer activity: an anti-cancer vaccination-like antibody response that can lead to more durable cures and further potentiate cell-mediated acquired immunity.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang M, Phan S, Hayes BH, Discher DE. Genetic heterogeneity in p53-null leukemia increases transiently with spindle assembly checkpoint inhibition and is not rescued by p53. Chromosoma 2024; 133:77-92. [PMID: 37256347 PMCID: PMC10828900 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-023-00800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome gains or losses often lead to copy number variations (CNV) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Both quantities are low in hematologic "liquid" cancers versus solid tumors in data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) that also shows the fraction of a genome affected by LOH is ~ one-half of that with CNV. Suspension cultures of p53-null THP-1 leukemia-derived cells conform to these trends, despite novel evidence here of genetic heterogeneity and transiently elevated CNV after perturbation. Single-cell DNAseq indeed reveals at least 8 distinct THP-1 aneuploid clones with further intra-clonal variation, suggesting ongoing genetic evolution. Importantly, acute inhibition of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) produces CNV levels that are typical of high-CNV solid tumors, with subsequent cell death and down-selection to novel CNV. Pan-cancer analyses show p53 inactivation associates with aneuploidy, but leukemias exhibit a weaker trend even though p53 inactivation correlates with poor survival. Overexpression of p53 in THP-1 does not rescue established aneuploidy or LOH but slightly increases cell death under oxidative or confinement stress, and triggers p21, a key p53 target, but without affecting net growth. Our results suggest that factors other than p53 exert stronger pressures against aneuploidy in liquid cancers, and identifying such CNV suppressors could be useful across liquid and solid tumor types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Wang
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Steven Phan
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brandon H Hayes
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tobin MP, Pfeifer CR, Zhu PK, Hayes BH, Wang M, Vashisth M, Xia Y, Phan SH, Belt SA, Irianto J, Discher DE. Differences in cell shape, motility, and growth reflect chromosomal number variations that can be visualized with live-cell ChReporters. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:br19. [PMID: 37903225 PMCID: PMC10848937 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome numbers often change dynamically in tumors and cultured cells, which complicates therapy as well as understanding genotype-mechanotype relationships. Here we use a live-cell "ChReporter" method to identify cells with a single chromosomal loss in efforts to better understand differences in cell shape, motility, and growth. We focus on a standard cancer line and first show clonal populations that retain the ChReporter exhibit large differences in cell and nuclear morphology as well as motility. Phenotype metrics follow simple rules, including migratory persistence scaling with speed, and cytoskeletal differences are evident from drug responses, imaging, and single-cell RNA sequencing. However, mechanotype-genotype relationships between fluorescent ChReporter-positive clones proved complex and motivated comparisons of clones that differ only in loss or retention of a Chromosome-5 ChReporter. When lost, fluorescence-null cells show low expression of Chromosome-5 genes, including a key tumor suppressor APC that regulates microtubules and proliferation. Colonies are compact, nuclei are rounded, and cells proliferate more, with drug results implicating APC, and patient survival data indicating an association in multiple tumor-types. Visual identification of genotype with ChReporters can thus help clarify mechanotype and mechano-evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Tobin
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | | | - Brandon H. Hayes
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mai Wang
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Manasvita Vashisth
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yuntao Xia
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Steven H. Phan
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Susanna A. Belt
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saini K, Cho S, Tewari M, Jalil AR, Wang M, Kasznel AJ, Yamamoto K, Chenoweth DM, Discher DE. Pan-tissue scaling of stiffness versus fibrillar collagen reflects contractility-driven strain that inhibits fibril degradation. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.27.559759. [PMID: 37808742 PMCID: PMC10557712 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer network properties such as stiffness often exhibit characteristic power laws in polymer density and other parameters. However, it remains unclear whether diverse animal tissues, composed of many distinct polymers, exhibit such scaling. Here, we examined many diverse tissues from adult mouse and embryonic chick to determine if stiffness ( E tissue ) follows a power law in relation to the most abundant animal protein, Collagen-I, even with molecular perturbations. We quantified fibrillar collagen in intact tissue by second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging and from tissue extracts by mass spectrometry (MS), and collagenase-mediated decreases were also tracked. Pan-tissue power laws for tissue stiffness versus Collagen-I levels measured by SHG or MS exhibit sub-linear scaling that aligns with results from cellularized gels of Collagen-I but not acellular gels. Inhibition of cellular myosin-II based contraction fits the scaling, and combination with inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) show collagenase activity is strain - not stress- suppressed in tissues, consistent with past studies of gels and fibrils. Beating embryonic hearts and tendons, which differ in both collagen levels and stiffness by >1000-fold, similarly suppressed collagenases at physiological strains of ∼5%, with fiber-orientation regulating degradation. Scaling of E tissue based on 'use-it-or-lose-it' kinetics provides insight into scaling of organ size, microgravity effects, and regeneration processes while suggesting contractility-driven therapeutics.
Collapse
|
5
|
Dooling LJ, Andrechak JC, Hayes BH, Kadu S, Zhang W, Pan R, Vashisth M, Irianto J, Alvey CM, Ma L, Discher DE. Cooperative phagocytosis of solid tumours by macrophages triggers durable anti-tumour responses. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1081-1096. [PMID: 37095318 PMCID: PMC10791169 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
In solid tumours, the abundance of macrophages is typically associated with a poor prognosis. However, macrophage clusters in tumour-cell nests have been associated with survival in some tumour types. Here, by using tumour organoids comprising macrophages and cancer cells opsonized via a monoclonal antibody, we show that highly ordered clusters of macrophages cooperatively phagocytose cancer cells to suppress tumour growth. In mice with poorly immunogenic tumours, the systemic delivery of macrophages with signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) genetically knocked out or else with blockade of the CD47-SIRPα macrophage checkpoint was combined with the monoclonal antibody and subsequently triggered the production of endogenous tumour-opsonizing immunoglobulin G, substantially increased the survival of the animals and helped confer durable protection from tumour re-challenge and metastasis. Maximizing phagocytic potency by increasing macrophage numbers, by tumour-cell opsonization and by disrupting the phagocytic checkpoint CD47-SIRPα may lead to durable anti-tumour responses in solid cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Dooling
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason C Andrechak
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brandon H Hayes
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Siddhant Kadu
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William Zhang
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruby Pan
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manasvita Vashisth
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Cory M Alvey
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leyuan Ma
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ivanovska IL, Tobin MP, Bai T, Dooling LJ, Discher DE. Small lipid droplets are rigid enough to indent a nucleus, dilute the lamina, and cause rupture. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202208123. [PMID: 37212777 PMCID: PMC10202833 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202208123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleus in many cell types is a stiff organelle, but fat-filled lipid droplets (FDs) in cytoplasm are seen to indent and displace the nucleus. FDs are phase-separated liquids with a poorly understood interfacial tension γ that determines how FDs interact with other organelles. Here, micron-sized FDs remain spherical as they indent peri-nuclear actomyosin and the nucleus, while causing local dilution of Lamin-B1 independent of Lamin-A,C and sometimes triggering nuclear rupture. Focal accumulation of the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS at the rupture site is accompanied by sustained mislocalization of DNA repair factors to cytoplasm, increased DNA damage, and delayed cell cycle. Macrophages show FDs and engulfed rigid beads cause similar indentation dilution. Spherical shapes of small FDs indicate a high γ, which we measure for FDs mechanically isolated from fresh adipose tissue as ∼40 mN/m. This value is far higher than that of protein condensates, but typical of oils in water and sufficiently rigid to perturb cell structures including nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena L. Ivanovska
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P. Tobin
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tianyi Bai
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Dooling
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hayes BH, Zhu H, Andrechak JC, Dooling LJ, Discher DE. Titrating CD47 by mismatch CRISPR-interference reveals incomplete repression can eliminate IgG-opsonized tumors but limits induction of antitumor IgG. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad243. [PMID: 37593202 PMCID: PMC10427748 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytic elimination of solid tumors by innate immune cells seems attractive for immunotherapy, particularly because of the possibilities for acquired immunity. However, the approach remains challenging, with blockade of the macrophage checkpoint CD47 working in immunodeficient mice and against highly immunogenic tumors but not in the clinic where tumors are poorly immunogenic. Even when mouse tumors of poorly immunogenic B16F10 melanoma are opsonized to drive engulfment with a suitable monoclonal antibody (mAb), anti-CD47 blockade remains insufficient. Using both in vitro immuno-tumoroids and in vivo mouse models, we show with CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) that a relatively uniform minimum repression of CD47 by 80% is needed for phagocytosis to dominate net growth when combined with an otherwise ineffective mAb (anti-Tyrp1). Heterogeneity enriches for CD47-high cells, but mice that eliminate tumors generate prophagocytic IgGs that increase in titer with CD47 repression and with tumor accumulation of macrophages, although deeper repression does not improve survival. Given well-known limitations of antibody permeation into solid tumors, our studies clarify benchmarks for CD47 disruption that should be more clinically feasible and safer but just as effective as complete ablation. Additionally, safe but ineffective opsonization in human melanoma trials suggests that combinations with deep repression of CD47 could prove effective and initiate durable immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon H Hayes
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason C Andrechak
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lawrence J Dooling
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hayes BH, Zhu PK, Wang M, Pfeifer CR, Xia Y, Phan S, Andrechak JC, Du J, Tobin MP, Anlas A, Dooling LJ, Vashisth M, Irianto J, Lampson MA, Discher DE. Confinement plus Myosin-II suppression maximizes heritable loss of chromosomes, as revealed by live-cell ChReporters. J Cell Sci 2023:308945. [PMID: 37158012 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A cell's mechanical environment can have many effects, but whether it impacts a cell's DNA sequence has remained unclear. To investigate this, we developed a live-cell method to measure changes in chromosome numbers. We edited constitutive genes with GFP/RFP-tags on single alleles and discovered that cells that lose Chromosome-reporters (ChReporters) become non-fluorescent. We applied our new tools to confined mitosis and to inhibition of the putative tumor suppressor Myosin-II. We quantified compression of mitotic chromatin in vivo and demonstrated that similar compression in vitro resulted in cell death, but also rare and heritable ChReptorter loss. Myosin-II suppression rescued lethal multipolar divisions and maximized ChReporter loss in 3D-compression and 2D-confinement, but not in standard 2D-culture. ChReporter loss associated with chromosome mis-segregation, rather than just the number of divisions, and loss in vitro and in mice was selected against in subsequent 2D-cultures. Inhibition of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) caused ChReporter loss in 2D, as expected, but not in 3D-compression, suggesting a SAC perturbation. Thus, confinement and myosin-II affect DNA sequence and mechano-evolution, and ChReporters enable diverse studies of viable genetic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon H Hayes
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Kuangzheng Zhu
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mai Wang
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte R Pfeifer
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuntao Xia
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven Phan
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason C Andrechak
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Junhong Du
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Tobin
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alisya Anlas
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lawrence J Dooling
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manasvita Vashisth
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Dennis E Discher
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Discher DE. Abstract 1346: Phagocytosis of solid tumors favors macrophage clusters and cooperativity in tumor elimination. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Macrophages are abundant in many solid tumors and are potential effector cells for monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapies because they can in principle phagocytose IgG-opsonized cancer cells. However, it remains unknown whether phagocytic macrophages can overcome the cohesive forces between cancer cells in solid tumors. We show that maximum phagocytosis of B16 melanoma tumors and ‘tumoroids’ requires IgG-opsonization and very deep suppression of the macrophage checkpoint ligand CD47. Under these conditions, phagocytic macrophages cluster or ‘phase separate’, and the elimination exhibits clear cooperativity with respect to macrophage number and phagocytic activity. In vitro disruption of phagocytic clusters specifically implicates Mg2+ and macrophage integrins. Cytokine treatments and other inhibitors further implicate roles for integrins and phagocytic surface receptors. Although tumor-associated macrophages correlate with negative prognoses in many cancers, our findings are among the first to reveal advantages of high macrophage numbers, macrophage clusters, and resulting cooperative effects when combined with opsonizing antibodies and CD47 disruption. Lastly, the challenging B16 tumors are durably eliminated by the approach and induce de novo IgG's that also drive anti-cancer phagocytosis.
Citation Format: Dennis E. Discher. Phagocytosis of solid tumors favors macrophage clusters and cooperativity in tumor elimination [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1346.
Collapse
|
10
|
Saini K, Cho S, Tewari M, Jalil A, Wang M, Vashisth M, Kasznel A, Yamamoto K, Chenoweth DM, Discher DE. Tension-suppressed degradation of collagen controls tissue stiffness scaling with fibrillar collagen. Biophys J 2023; 122:87a. [PMID: 36785060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangkyun Cho
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manu Tewari
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Mai Wang
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Alex Kasznel
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pfeifer CR, Tobin MP, Cho S, Vashisth M, Dooling LJ, Vazquez LL, Ricci-De Lucca EG, Simon KT, Discher DE. Gaussian curvature dilutes the nuclear lamina, favoring nuclear rupture, especially at high strain rate. Nucleus 2022; 13:129-143. [PMID: 35293271 PMCID: PMC8928808 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2022.2045726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear rupture has long been associated with deficits or defects in lamins, with recent results also indicating a role for actomyosin stress, but key physical determinants of rupture remain unclear. Here, lamin-B filaments stably interact with the nuclear membrane at sites of low Gaussian curvature yet dilute at high curvature to favor rupture, whereas lamin-A depletion requires high strain-rates. Live-cell imaging of lamin-B1 gene-edited cancer cells is complemented by fixed-cell imaging of rupture in: iPS-derived progeria patients cells, cells within beating chick embryo hearts, and cancer cells with multi-site rupture after migration through small pores. Data fit a model of stiff filaments that detach from a curved surface.Rupture is modestly suppressed by inhibiting myosin-II and by hypotonic stress, which slow the strain-rates. Lamin-A dilution and rupture probability indeed increase above a threshold rate of nuclear pulling. Curvature-sensing mechanisms of proteins at plasma membranes, including Piezo1, might thus apply at nuclear membranes.Summary statement: High nuclear curvature drives lamina dilution and nuclear envelope rupture even when myosin stress is inhibited. Stiff filaments generally dilute from sites of high Gaussian curvature, providing mathematical fits of experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Graduate Group/Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P. Tobin
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Graduate Group/Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sangkyun Cho
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manasvita Vashisth
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Dooling
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lizeth Lopez Vazquez
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma G. Ricci-De Lucca
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keiann T. Simon
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Graduate Group/Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Graduate Group/Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,CONTACT Dennis E. Discher Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jalil AR, Andrechak JC, Hayes BH, Chenoweth DM, Discher DE. Human CD47-Derived Cyclic Peptides Enhance Engulfment of mAb-Targeted Melanoma by Primary Macrophages. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1973-1982. [PMID: 35285229 PMCID: PMC10805119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD47 on healthy cells, cancer cells, and even engineered particles can inhibit phagocytic clearance by binding SIRPα on macrophages. To mimic and modulate this interaction with peptides that could be used as soluble antagonists or potentially as bioconjugates to surfaces, we made cyclic "nano-Self" peptides based on the key interaction loop of human CD47. Melanoma cells were studied as a standard preclinical cancer model and were antibody-opsonized to adhere to and activate engulfment by primary mouse macrophages. Phagocytosis in the presence of soluble peptides showed cyclic > wildtype > scrambled activity, with the same trend observed with human cells. Opsonized cells that were not engulfed adhered tightly to macrophages, with opposite trends to phagocytosis. Peptide activity is nonetheless higher in human versus mouse assays, consistent with species differences in CD47-SIRPα. Small peptides thus function as soluble antagonists of a major macrophage checkpoint.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Foreign particles and microbes are rapidly cleared by macrophages in vivo, although many key aspects of uptake mechanisms remain unclear. "Self" cells express CD47 which functions as an anti-phagocytic ligand for SIRPα on macrophages, particularly when pro-phagocytic ligands such as antibodies are displayed in parallel. Here, we review CD47 and related "Self" peptides as modulators of macrophage uptake. Nanoparticles conjugated with either CD47 or peptides derived from its SIRPα binding site can suppress phagocytic uptake by macrophages in vitro and in vivo, with similar findings for CD47-displaying viruses. Drugs, dyes, and genes as payloads thus show increased delivery to targeted cells. On the other hand, CD47 expression by cancer cells enables such cells to evade macrophages and immune surveillance. This has motivated development of soluble antagonists to CD47-SIRPα, ranging from blocking antibodies in the clinic to synthetic peptides in preclinical models. CD47 and peptides are thus emerging as dual-use phagocytosis modulators against diseases.
Collapse
|
14
|
Dooling LJ, Saini K, Anlaş AA, Discher DE. Tissue mechanics coevolves with fibrillar matrisomes in healthy and fibrotic tissues. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:153-188. [PMID: 35764212 PMCID: PMC9990088 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillar proteins are principal components of extracellular matrix (ECM) that confer mechanical properties to tissues. Fibrosis can result from wound repair in nearly every tissue in adults, and it associates with increased ECM density and crosslinking as well as increased tissue stiffness. Such fibrotic tissues are a major biomedical challenge, and an emerging view posits that the altered mechanical environment supports both synthetic and contractile myofibroblasts in a state of persistent activation. Here, we review the matrisome in several fibrotic diseases, as well as normal tissues, with a focus on physicochemical properties. Stiffness generally increases with the abundance of fibrillar collagens, the major constituent of ECM, with similar mathematical trends for fibrosis as well as adult tissues from soft brain to stiff bone and heart development. Changes in expression of other core matrisome and matrisome-associated proteins or proteoglycans contribute to tissue stiffening in fibrosis by organizing collagen, crosslinking ECM, and facilitating adhesion of myofibroblasts. Understanding how ECM composition and mechanics coevolve during fibrosis can lead to better models and help with antifibrotic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Dooling
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karanvir Saini
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alişya A Anlaş
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang M, Ivanovska I, Vashisth M, Discher DE. Nuclear mechanoprotection: From tissue atlases as blueprints to distinctive regulation of nuclear lamins. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:021504. [PMID: 35719698 PMCID: PMC9203124 DOI: 10.1063/5.0080392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two meters of DNA in each of our cells must be protected against many types of damage. Mechanoprotection is increasingly understood to be conferred by the nuclear lamina of intermediate filament proteins, but very different patterns of expression and regulation between different cells and tissues remain a challenge to comprehend and translate into applications. We begin with a tutorial style presentation of "tissue blueprints" of lamin expression including single-cell RNA sequencing in major public datasets. Lamin-A, C profiles appear strikingly similar to those for the mechanosensitive factors Vinculin, Yap1, and Piezo1, whereas datasets for lamin-B1 align with and predict regulation by the cell cycle transcription factor, FOXM1, and further predict poor survival across multiple cancers. Various experiments support the distinction between the lamin types and add mechanistic insight into the mechano-regulation of lamin-A, C by both matrix elasticity and externally imposed tissue strain. Both A- and B-type lamins, nonetheless, protect the nucleus from rupture and damage. Ultimately, for mechanically active tissue constructs and organoids as well as cell therapies, lamin levels require particular attention as they help minimize nuclear damage and defects in a cell cycle.
Collapse
|
16
|
Andrechak JC, Dooling LJ, Tobin MP, Zhang W, Hayes BH, Lee JY, Jin X, Irianto J, Discher DE. CD47-SIRPα Checkpoint Disruption in Metastases Requires Tumor-Targeting Antibody for Molecular and Engineered Macrophage Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1930. [PMID: 35454837 PMCID: PMC9026896 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrophage checkpoint interaction CD47-SIRPα is an emerging target for cancer therapy, but clinical trials of monoclonal anti-CD47 show efficacy only in liquid tumors when combined with tumor-opsonizing IgG. Here, in challenging metastatic solid tumors, CD47 deletion shows no effect on tumor growth unless combined with otherwise ineffective tumor-opsonization, and we likewise show wild-type metastases are suppressed by SIRPα-blocked macrophages plus tumor-opsonization. Lung tumor nodules of syngeneic B16F10 melanoma cells with CD47 deletion show opsonization drives macrophage phagocytosis of B16F10s, consistent with growth versus phagocytosis calculus for exponential suppression of cancer. Wild-type CD47 levels on metastases in lungs of immunocompetent mice and on human metastases in livers of immunodeficient mice show that systemic injection of antibody-engineered macrophages also suppresses growth. Such in vivo functionality can be modulated by particle pre-loading of the macrophages. Thus, even though CD47-SIRPα disruption and tumor-opsonizing IgG are separately ineffective against established metastatic solid tumors, their combination in molecular and cellular therapies prolongs survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Andrechak
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lawrence J Dooling
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Tobin
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William Zhang
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brandon H Hayes
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justine Y Lee
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaoling Jin
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Graduate Group of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ivanovska IL, Discher DE. Nuclear curvature, rupture, and lamin regulation: relations to tumor proliferation and cancer survival. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
18
|
Glogowska E, Arhatte M, Chatelain FC, Lesage F, Xu A, Grashoff C, Discher DE, Patel A, Honoré E. Piezo1 and Piezo2 foster mechanical gating of K 2P channels. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110070. [PMID: 34852225 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanoelectrical transduction is mediated by the opening of different types of force-sensitive ion channels, including Piezo1/2 and the TREK/TRAAK K2P channels. Piezo1 curves the membrane locally into an inverted dome that reversibly flattens in response to force application. Moreover, Piezo1 forms numerous preferential interactions with various membrane lipids, including cholesterol. Whether this structural architecture influences the functionality of neighboring membrane proteins is unknown. Here, we show that Piezo1/2 increase TREK/TRAAK current amplitude, slow down activation/deactivation, and remove inactivation upon mechanical stimulation. These findings are consistent with a mechanism whereby Piezo1/2 cause a local depletion of membrane cholesterol associated with a prestress of TREK/TRAAK channels. This regulation occurs in mouse fibroblasts between endogenous Piezo1 and TREK-1/2, both channel types acting in concert to delay wound healing. In conclusion, we demonstrate a community effect between different structural and functional classes of mechanosensitive ion channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Glogowska
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Malika Arhatte
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Franck C Chatelain
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Florian Lesage
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carsten Grashoff
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Biophysical Engineering Laboratories, Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amanda Patel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Eric Honoré
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, 06560 Valbonne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhu K, Hayes B, Wang M, Tobin MP, Andrechak JC, Xia Y, Dooling LJ, Pfeifer CR, Irianto J, Discher DE, Du J. Live Cell Chromosome Loss Reporter Shows Mechanical Confinement Associates with Chromosome Mis-Segregation. Biophys J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
20
|
Dooling LJ, Andrechak JC, Hayes BH, Kadu S, Pan R, Tobin MP, Vashisth M, Discher DE. Solid Tumor Cures by Complete Disruption of the CD47:SIRPα Macrophage Checkpoint, Tumor Opsonization, and ‘Phagocytic Feedback’. Biophys J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
21
|
Tobin MP, Pfeifer CR, Ricci-De Lucca EG, Lopez L, Simon KT, Discher DE. Beyond a Critical Strain Rate, Lamin-A Dilutes and Nuclei Rupture at Sites of High Curvature. Biophys J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
22
|
Jalil AR, Hayes BH, Andrechak JC, Xia Y, Chenoweth DM, Discher DE. Multivalent, Soluble Nano-Self Peptides Increase Phagocytosis of Antibody-Opsonized Targets while Suppressing "Self" Signaling. ACS Nano 2020; 14:15083-15093. [PMID: 33186026 PMCID: PMC8489566 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages engulf "foreign" cells and particles, but phagocytosis of healthy cells and cancer cells is inhibited by expression of the ubiquitous membrane protein CD47 which binds SIRPα on macrophages to signal "self". Motivated by some clinical efficacy of anti-CD47 against liquid tumors and based on past studies of CD47-derived polypeptides on particles that inhibited phagocytosis of the particles, here we design soluble, multivalent peptides to bind and block SIRPα. Bivalent and tetravalent nano-Self peptides prove more potent (Keff ∼ 10 nM) than monovalent 8-mers as agonists for phagocytosis of antibody opsonized cells, including cancer cells. Multivalent peptides also outcompete soluble CD47 binding to human macrophages, consistent with SIRPα binding, and the peptides suppress phosphotyrosine in macrophages, consistent with inhibition of SIRPα's "self" signaling. Peptides exhibit minimal folding, but functionality suggests an induced fit into SIRPα's binding pocket. Pre-clinical studies in mice indicate safety, with no anemia that typifies clinical infusions of anti-CD47. Multivalent nano-Self peptides thus constitute an alternative approach to promoting phagocytosis of "self", including cancer cells targeted clinically.
Collapse
|
23
|
Jalil AR, Andrechak JC, Discher DE. Macrophage checkpoint blockade: results from initial clinical trials, binding analyses, and CD47-SIRPα structure-function. Antib Ther 2020; 3:80-94. [PMID: 32421049 PMCID: PMC7206415 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrophage checkpoint is an anti-phagocytic interaction between signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on a macrophage and CD47 on all types of cells - ranging from blood cells to cancer cells. This interaction has emerged over the last decade as a potential co-target in cancer when combined with other anti-cancer agents, with antibodies against CD47 and SIRPα currently in preclinical and clinical development for a variety of hematological and solid malignancies. Monotherapy with CD47 blockade is ineffective in human clinical trials against many tumor types tested to date, except for rare cutaneous and peripheral lymphomas. In contrast, pre-clinical results show efficacy in multiple syngeneic mouse models of cancer, suggesting that many of these tumor models are more immunogenic and likely artificial compared to human tumors. However, combination therapies in humans of anti-CD47 with agents such as the anti-tumor antibody rituximab do show efficacy against liquid tumors (lymphoma) and are promising. Here, we review such trials as well as key interaction and structural features of CD47-SIRPα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AbdelAziz R Jalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason C Andrechak
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hayes BH, Tsai RK, Dooling LJ, Kadu S, Lee JY, Pantano D, Rodriguez PL, Subramanian S, Shin JW, Discher DE. Macrophages show higher levels of engulfment after disruption of cis interactions between CD47 and the checkpoint receptor SIRPα. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.237800. [PMID: 31964705 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.237800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrophage checkpoint receptor SIRPα signals against phagocytosis by binding CD47 expressed on all cells - including macrophages. Here, we found that inhibiting cis interactions between SIRPα and CD47 on the same macrophage increased engulfment ('eating') by approximately the same level as inhibiting trans interactions. Antibody blockade of CD47, as pursued in clinical trials against cancer, was applied separately to human-derived macrophages and to red blood cell (RBC) targets for phagocytosis, and both scenarios produced surprisingly similar increases in RBC engulfment. Blockade of both macrophages and targets resulted in hyper-phagocytosis, and knockdown of macrophage-CD47 likewise increased engulfment of 'foreign' cells and particles, decreased the baseline inhibitory signaling of SIRPα, and linearly increased binding of soluble CD47 in trans, consistent with cis-trans competition. Many cell types express both SIRPα and CD47, including mouse melanoma B16 cells, and CRISPR-mediated deletions modulate B16 phagocytosis, consistent with cis-trans competition. Additionally, soluble SIRPα binding to human CD47 displayed on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was suppressed by SIRPα co-display, and atomistic computations confirm SIRPα bends and binds CD47 in cis Safety and efficacy profiles for CD47-SIRPα blockade might therefore reflect a disruption of both cis and trans interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon H Hayes
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard K Tsai
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lawrence J Dooling
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Siddhant Kadu
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justine Y Lee
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diego Pantano
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pia L Rodriguez
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Jae-Won Shin
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Graduate Group in Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Graduate Group in Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Discher DE, Vashisth M. Scaling Analyses of Tumor Transcriptomes Link Lamin-B to Proliferation and Poor Survival and Separately Link Fibrosis with Prolonged Survival. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
26
|
Dooling LJ, Hayes BH, Andrechak JC, Kadu S, Discher DE. Mouse Melanoma B16 Tumors are Soft and Engulfable when Targeted in Combination with Macrophage Checkpoint Blockade. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
27
|
Saini K, Tewari M, Cho S, Jalil A, Irianto J, Vashisth M, Pfeifer C, Dooling LJ, Alvey C, Kasznel A, Chenoweth D, Yamamoto K, Discher DE. Heterogeneously Strained Tissue Collagen Resists Collagenase Degradation Where Strains are High. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
28
|
Ivanovska IL, Tobin MP, Pfeifer CR, Discher DE. Lipid Droplets Deform Nucleus and Cause Mislocalization of DNA Repair Factors. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
29
|
Zhu K, Xia Y, Irianto J, Andrechak JC, Dooling LJ, Pfeifer CR, Discher DE. Live Cell Monitoring of Chromosome Loss Reporter. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
30
|
Pfeifer CR, Tobin MP, Lopez L, Ricci-De Lucca EG, Simon KT, Discher DE. Beyond a Critical Strain, Lamin-A Dilates and Nuclei Rupture at Sites of High Curvature. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
31
|
Abstract
Many proteins in cells and in the extracellular matrix assemble into force-bearing networks, and some proteins clearly transduce mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals. Although structural mechanisms remain poorly understood, the designs of such proteins enable mechanical forces to either inhibit or facilitate interactions of protein domains with other proteins, including small molecules and enzymes, including proteases and kinases. Here, we review some of the structural proteins and processes that exhibit distinct modes of force-dependent signal conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karanvir Saini
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
As a cancer cell invades adjacent tissue, penetrates a basement membrane barrier, or squeezes into a blood capillary, its nucleus can be greatly constricted. Here, we examine: (1) the passive and active deformation of the nucleus during 3D migration; (2) the nuclear structures-namely, the lamina and chromatin-that govern nuclear deformability; (3) the effect of large nuclear deformation on DNA and nuclear factors; and (4) the downstream consequences of mechanically stressing the nucleus. We focus especially on recent studies showing that constricted migration causes nuclear envelope rupture and excess DNA damage, leading to cell cycle suppression, possibly cell death, and ultimately it seems to heritable genomic variation. We first review the latest understanding of nuclear dynamics during cell migration, and then explore the functional effects of nuclear deformation, especially in relation to genome integrity and potentially cancerous mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte R Pfeifer
- Biophysical Engineering Labs: Molecular & Cell Biophysics and NanoBio-Polymers, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Biophysical Engineering Labs: Molecular & Cell Biophysics and NanoBio-Polymers, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Biophysical Engineering Labs: Molecular & Cell Biophysics and NanoBio-Polymers, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xia Y, Pfeifer CR, Zhu K, Irianto J, Liu D, Pannell K, Chen EJ, Dooling LJ, Tobin MP, Wang M, Ivanovska IL, Smith LR, Greenberg RA, Discher DE. Rescue of DNA damage after constricted migration reveals a mechano-regulated threshold for cell cycle. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2545-2563. [PMID: 31239284 PMCID: PMC6683732 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201811100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration through 3D constrictions can cause nuclear rupture and mislocalization of nuclear proteins, but damage to DNA remains uncertain, as does any effect on cell cycle. Here, myosin II inhibition rescues rupture and partially rescues the DNA damage marker γH2AX, but an apparent block in cell cycle appears unaffected. Co-overexpression of multiple DNA repair factors or antioxidant inhibition of break formation also exert partial effects, independently of rupture. Combined treatments completely rescue cell cycle suppression by DNA damage, revealing a sigmoidal dependence of cell cycle on excess DNA damage. Migration through custom-etched pores yields the same damage threshold, with ∼4-µm pores causing intermediate levels of both damage and cell cycle suppression. High curvature imposed rapidly by pores or probes or else by small micronuclei consistently associates nuclear rupture with dilution of stiff lamin-B filaments, loss of repair factors, and entry from cytoplasm of chromatin-binding cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase). The cell cycle block caused by constricted migration is nonetheless reversible, with a potential for DNA misrepair and genome variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Xia
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kuangzheng Zhu
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dazhen Liu
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kalia Pannell
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emily J. Chen
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lawrence J. Dooling
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael P. Tobin
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mai Wang
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Irena L. Ivanovska
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lucas R. Smith
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roger A. Greenberg
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Correspondence to D.E. Discher:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis E. Discher
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,*Address correspondence to: Dennis E. Discher ()
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Tissue regeneration at an injured site depends on proliferation, migration, and differentiation of resident stem or progenitor cells, but solid tissues are often sufficiently dense and constricting that nuclei are highly stressed by migration. In this study, constricted migration of myoblastic cell types and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) increases nuclear rupture, increases DNA damage, and modulates differentiation. Fewer myoblasts fuse into regenerating muscle in vivo after constricted migration in vitro, and myodifferentiation in vitro is likewise suppressed. Myosin II inhibition rescues rupture and DNA damage, implicating nuclear forces, while mitosis and the cell cycle are suppressed by constricted migration, consistent with a checkpoint. Although perturbed proliferation fails to explain defective differentiation, nuclear rupture mislocalizes differentiation-relevant MyoD and KU80 (a DNA repair factor), with nuclear entry of the DNA-binding factor cGAS. Human MSCs exhibit similar damage, but osteogenesis increases-which is relevant to bone and to calcified fibrotic tissues, including diseased muscle. Tissue repair can thus be modulated up or down by the curvature of pores through which stem cells squeeze.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R. Smith
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yuntao Xia
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,*Address correspondence to: Dennis E. Discher ()
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pfeifer CR, Discher DE. Pulling the Roof Down on Anchored Nuclei. Dev Cell 2019; 50:130-131. [PMID: 31336096 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
How a smooth epithelium becomes topographically patterned in development remains incompletely understood. In this issue of Developmental Cell,Ambrosini et al. (2019) investigate how dying cells specifically indent the apical surface, finding that apical actomyosin cables contract against the apoptotic nucleus, which itself is anchored basally to the extracellular matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte R Pfeifer
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Andrechak JC, Dooling LJ, Discher DE. The macrophage checkpoint CD47 : SIRPα for recognition of 'self' cells: from clinical trials of blocking antibodies to mechanobiological fundamentals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180217. [PMID: 31431181 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies against some solid tumour types have recently shown unprecedented, durable cures in the clinic, and the most successful thus far involves blocking inhibitory receptor 'checkpoints' on T cells. A similar approach with macrophages is emerging by blocking the ubiquitously expressed 'marker of self' CD47 from binding the inhibitory receptor SIRPα on macrophages. Here, we first summarize available information on the safety and efficacy of CD47 blockade, which raises some safety concerns with the clearance of 'self' cells but also suggests some success against haematological (liquid) and solid cancers. Checkpoint blockade generally benefits from parallel activation of the immune cell, which can occur for macrophages in multiple ways, such as by combination with a second, tumour-opsonizing antibody and perhaps also via rigidity sensing. Cytoskeletal forces in phagocytosis and inhibitory 'self'-signalling are thus reviewed together with macrophage mechanosensing, which extends to regulating levels of SIRPα and the nuclear protein lamin A, which affects phenotype and cell trafficking. Considerations of such physical factors in cancer and the immune system can inform the design of new immunotherapies and help to refine existing therapies to improve safety and efficacy. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Andrechak
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence J Dooling
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dooling LJ, Andrechak JC, Pfeifer CR, Discher DE. Macrophage Checkpoint Blockade and Tumor Mechanics in a Cell-Based Immunotherapy. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
39
|
Ivanovska IL, Xia Y, Zhu K, Smith L, Alvey C, Irianto J, Pfeifer C, Ji J, Liu D, Cho S, Bennett R, Liu A, Greenberg RA, Discher DE. Nuclear Rupture at Sites of High Curvature Compromises Retention of DNA Repair Factors. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
40
|
Xia Y, Cho S, Vashisth M, Ivanovska IL, Dingal PCDP, Discher DE. Manipulating the mechanics of extracellular matrix to study effects on the nucleus and its structure. Methods 2018; 157:3-14. [PMID: 30593865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues such as brain, muscle, and bone differ greatly not only in their biological functions but also in their mechanical properties. Brain is far softer than muscle while bone is the stiffest tissue. Stiffness of extracellular microenvironments affects fundamental cell biological processes such as polarization and DNA replication, which affect nuclear size, shape, and levels of nuclear proteins such as the lamins that modulate gene expression. Reductionist approaches have helped dissect the effects of matrix mechanics away from confounding biochemical signals. Here, we summarize materials and methods for synthesizing and characterizing soft and stiff synthetic hydrogels widely used for mechanobiological studies. Such gels are also easily made to mimic the mechanical heterogeneity of fibrotic tissues. We further describe a nano-thin collagen fiber system, which enables control of anisotropy in addition to stiffness. With the different systems, we illustrate the effects of matrix mechanics on nuclear size, shape, and proteins including the lamins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Xia
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sangkyun Cho
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manasvita Vashisth
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Irena L Ivanovska
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - P C Dave P Dingal
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xia Y, Ivanovska IL, Zhu K, Smith L, Irianto J, Pfeifer CR, Alvey CM, Ji J, Liu D, Cho S, Bennett RR, Liu AJ, Greenberg RA, Discher DE. Nuclear rupture at sites of high curvature compromises retention of DNA repair factors. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3796-3808. [PMID: 30171044 PMCID: PMC6219729 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201711161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleus is physically linked to the cytoskeleton, adhesions, and extracellular matrix-all of which sustain forces, but their relationships to DNA damage are obscure. We show that nuclear rupture with cytoplasmic mislocalization of multiple DNA repair factors correlates with high nuclear curvature imposed by an external probe or by cell attachment to either aligned collagen fibers or stiff matrix. Mislocalization is greatly enhanced by lamin A depletion, requires hours for nuclear reentry, and correlates with an increase in pan-nucleoplasmic foci of the DNA damage marker γH2AX. Excess DNA damage is rescued in ruptured nuclei by cooverexpression of multiple DNA repair factors as well as by soft matrix or inhibition of actomyosin tension. Increased contractility has the opposite effect, and stiff tumors with low lamin A indeed exhibit increased nuclear curvature, more frequent nuclear rupture, and excess DNA damage. Additional stresses likely play a role, but the data suggest high curvature promotes nuclear rupture, which compromises retention of DNA repair factors and favors sustained damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Xia
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Irena L. Ivanovska
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kuangzheng Zhu
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lucas Smith
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Cory M. Alvey
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Graduate Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jiazheng Ji
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dazhen Liu
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sangkyun Cho
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rachel R. Bennett
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ,Graduate Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrea J. Liu
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ,Graduate Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roger A. Greenberg
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ,Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Graduate Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Correspondence to Dennis E. Discher:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Novikova EA, Raab M, Discher DE, Storm C. Erratum: Persistence-Driven Durotaxis: Generic, Directed Motility in Rigidity Gradients [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 078103 (2017)]. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:159901. [PMID: 30362797 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.159901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.078103.
Collapse
|
43
|
Agudo-Canalejo J, Discher DE. Biomembrane Adhesion to Substrates Topographically Patterned with Nanopits. Biophys J 2018; 115:1292-1306. [PMID: 30177442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We examine the adhesion of biomembranes to substrates topographically patterned with concave nanopits and identify several universal features in the adhesion process. We find three distinct states, depending on whether the membrane remains flat above the nanopit, partially enters it, or completely adheres to it, and derive analytical conditions for the stability of these states valid for a very general class of nanopit shapes. Surprisingly, completely adhered states are always (meta)stable. We also show that the presence of many nanopits can increase or decrease the effective adhesiveness of a substrate, depending on the tension of the membrane and the strength of the membrane-substrate attraction. Our results have implications regarding several experimental methods, which involve the formation of supported lipid bilayers on substrates patterned with nanopits, as well as observations of decreased spreading of cells and migration of cells toward regions of lower nanopit density on topographically patterned substrates. Furthermore, our predictions can also be directly tested in experiments exploring the adhesion of micropipette-aspirated giant vesicles to such substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Agudo-Canalejo
- Theory & Bio-Systems Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Biophysical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Engler AJ, Discher DE. Rationally engineered advances in cancer research. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:031601. [PMID: 31069310 PMCID: PMC6481711 DOI: 10.1063/1.5056176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical and engineering sciences have much to offer in understanding, diagnosing, and even treating cancer. Microfluidics, imaging, materials, and diverse measurement devices are all helping to shift paradigms of tumorigenesis and dissemination. Using materials and micro-probes of elasticity, for example, epithelia have been shown to transform into mesenchymal cells when the elasticity of adjacent tissue increases. Approaches common in engineering science enable such discoveries, and further application of such tools and principles will likely improve existing cancer models in vivo and also create better models for high throughput analyses in vitro. As profiled in this special topic issue composed of more than a dozen manuscripts, opportunities abound for the creativity and analytics of engineering and the physical sciences to make advances in and against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Engler
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Telephone: 858-246-0678. Fax: 858-534-5722
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Biophysical Engineering Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pfeifer CR, Xia Y, Zhu K, Liu D, Irianto J, García VMM, Millán LMS, Niese B, Harding S, Deviri D, Greenberg RA, Discher DE. Constricted migration increases DNA damage and independently represses cell cycle. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1948-1962. [PMID: 29742017 PMCID: PMC6232975 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-02-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration through dense tissues or small capillaries can elongate the nucleus and even damage it, and any impact on cell cycle has the potential to affect various processes including carcinogenesis. Here, nuclear rupture and DNA damage increase with constricted migration in different phases of cell cycle-which we show is partially repressed. We study several cancer lines that are contact inhibited or not and that exhibit diverse frequencies of nuclear lamina rupture after migration through small pores. DNA repair factors invariably mislocalize after migration, and an excess of DNA damage is evident as pan--nucleoplasmic foci of phosphoactivated ATM and γH2AX. Foci counts are suppressed in late cell cycle as expected of mitotic checkpoints, and migration of contact-inhibited cells through large pores into sparse microenvironments leads also as expected to cell-cycle reentry and no effect on a basal level of damage foci. Constricting pores delay such reentry while excess foci occur independent of cell-cycle phase. Knockdown of repair factors increases DNA damage independent of cell cycle, consistent with effects of constricted migration. Because such migration causes DNA damage and impedes proliferation, it illustrates a cancer cell fate choice of "go or grow."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Graduate Group/Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yuntao Xia
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kuangzheng Zhu
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dazhen Liu
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | | | - Brandon Niese
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Shane Harding
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dan Deviri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Roger A. Greenberg
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Graduate Group/Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,*Address correspondence to: Dennis E. Discher ()
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Smith LR, Cho S, Discher DE. Stem Cell Differentiation is Regulated by Extracellular Matrix Mechanics. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 33:16-25. [PMID: 29212889 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00026.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells mechanosense the stiffness of their microenvironment, which impacts differentiation. Although tissue hydration anti-correlates with stiffness, extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is clearly transduced into gene expression via adhesion and cytoskeleton proteins that tune fates. Cytoskeletal reorganization of ECM can create heterogeneity and influence fates, with fibrosis being one extreme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Smith
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, Physical Sciences Oncology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sangkyun Cho
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, Physical Sciences Oncology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, Physical Sciences Oncology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Steinkühler J, Różycki B, Alvey C, Lipowsky R, Weikl TR, Dimova R, Discher DE. Membrane fluctuations and acidosis regulate cooperative binding of 'marker of self' protein CD47 with the macrophage checkpoint receptor SIRPα. J Cell Sci 2018; 132:jcs.216770. [PMID: 29777034 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions that result from membrane proteins binding weakly in trans can cause accumulations in cis that suggest cooperativity and thereby an acute sensitivity to environmental factors. The ubiquitous 'marker of self' protein CD47 binds weakly to SIRPα on macrophages, which leads to accumulation of SIRPα (also known as SHPS-1, CD172A and SIRPA) at phagocytic synapses and ultimately to inhibition of engulfment of 'self' cells - including cancer cells. We reconstituted this macrophage checkpoint with GFP-tagged CD47 on giant vesicles generated from plasma membranes and then imaged vesicles adhering to SIRPα immobilized on a surface. CD47 diffusion is impeded near the surface, and the binding-unbinding events reveal cooperative interactions as a concentration-dependent two-dimensional affinity. Membrane fluctuations out-of-plane link cooperativity to membrane flexibility with suppressed fluctuations in the vicinity of bound complexes. Slight acidity (pH 6) stiffens membranes, diminishes cooperative interactions and also reduces 'self' signaling of cancer cells in phagocytosis. Sensitivity of cell-cell interactions to microenvironmental factors - such as the acidity of tumors and other diseased or inflamed sites - can thus arise from the collective cooperative properties of flexible membranes.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Steinkühler
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104 PA, USA.,Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institut of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartosz Różycki
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cory Alvey
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104 PA, USA
| | - Reinhard Lipowsky
- Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institut of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas R Weikl
- Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institut of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institut of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104 PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chakraborty K, Vijayan K, Brown AEX, Discher DE, Loverde SM. Glassy worm-like micelles in solvent and shear mediated shape transitions. Soft Matter 2018; 14:4194-4203. [PMID: 29744515 PMCID: PMC6174325 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00080h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The glassiness of polymer melts is generally considered to be suppressed by small dimensions, added solvent, and heat. Here, we suggest that glassiness persists at the nanoscale in worm-like micelles composed of amphiphilic diblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide)-polystyrene (PS). The glassiness of these worms is indicated by a lack of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching as well as micron-length rigid segments separated by hinges. The coarse-grained molecular dynamics studies probe the dynamics of the PS in these glassy worms. Addition of an organic solvent promotes a transition from hinged to fully flexible worms and to spheres or vesicles. Simulation demonstrates two populations of organic solvent in the core of the micelle-a solvent 'pool' in the micelle core and a second population that accumulates at the interface between the core and the corona. The stable heterogeneity of the residual solvent could explain the unusual hinged rigidity, but solvent removal during shear-extension could be more effective and yield - as observed - nearly straight worms without hinges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cho S, Abbas A, Irianto J, Ivanovska IL, Xia Y, Tewari M, Discher DE. Progerin phosphorylation in interphase is lower and less mechanosensitive than lamin-A,C in iPS-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Nucleus 2018; 9:230-245. [PMID: 29619860 PMCID: PMC5973135 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1460185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interphase phosphorylation of lamin-A,C depends dynamically on a cell's microenvironment, including the stiffness of extracellular matrix. However, phosphorylation dynamics is poorly understood for diseased forms such as progerin, a permanently farnesylated mutant of LMNA that accelerates aging of stiff and mechanically stressed tissues. Here, fine-excision alignment mass spectrometry (FEA-MS) is developed to quantify progerin and its phosphorylation levels in patient iPS cells differentiated to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The stoichiometry of total A-type lamins (including progerin) versus B-type lamins measured for Progeria iPS-MSCs prove similar to that of normal MSCs, with total A-type lamins more abundant than B-type lamins. However, progerin behaves more like farnesylated B-type lamins in mechanically-induced segregation from nuclear blebs. Phosphorylation of progerin at multiple sites in iPS-MSCs cultured on rigid plastic is also lower than that of normal lamin-A and C. Reduction of nuclear tension upon i) cell rounding/detachment from plastic, ii) culture on soft gels, and iii) inhibition of actomyosin stress increases phosphorylation and degradation of lamin-C > lamin-A > progerin. Such mechano-sensitivity diminishes, however, with passage as progerin and DNA damage accumulate. Lastly, transcription-regulating retinoids exert equal effects on both diseased and normal A-type lamins, suggesting a differential mechano-responsiveness might best explain the stiff tissue defects in Progeria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyun Cho
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amal Abbas
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irena L. Ivanovska
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuntao Xia
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manu Tewari
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,CONTACT Dennis E. Discher , University of Pennsylvania, 129 Towne Bldg, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nair PR, Alvey C, Jin X, Irianto J, Ivanovska I, Discher DE. Filomicelles Deliver a Chemo-Differentiation Combination of Paclitaxel and Retinoic Acid That Durably Represses Carcinomas in Liver to Prolong Survival. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:914-927. [PMID: 29451777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance and relapse is common in cancer treatments with chemotherapeutics, and while drug combinations with naturally occurring, differentiation-inducing retinoic acid (RA) provide remission-free cures for one type of liquid tumor, solid tumors present major problems for delivery. Here, inspired by filoviruses that can be microns in length, flexible filomicelles that self-assemble from an amphiphilic block copolymer (PEG-PCL) are shown to effectively deliver RA and paclitaxel (TAX) to several solid tumor models, particularly in the liver. These hydrophobic compounds synergistically load into the cores of the elongated micelles, and the coloaded micelles prove most effective at causing cell death, ploidy, and durable regression of tumors compared to free drugs or to separately loaded drugs. RA-TAX filomicelles also reduce mortality of human lung or liver derived cancers engrafted at liver, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous sites in immunodeficient mice. In vitro studies show that the dual drug micelles effectively suppress proliferation while upregulating a generic differentiation marker. The results highlight the potency of dual-loaded filomicelles in killing cancer cells or else driving their differentiation away from growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praful R Nair
- NanoBioPolymers Lab, and Physical Sciences Oncology Center @ Penn , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Cory Alvey
- NanoBioPolymers Lab, and Physical Sciences Oncology Center @ Penn , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Xiaoling Jin
- NanoBioPolymers Lab, and Physical Sciences Oncology Center @ Penn , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Jerome Irianto
- NanoBioPolymers Lab, and Physical Sciences Oncology Center @ Penn , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Irena Ivanovska
- NanoBioPolymers Lab, and Physical Sciences Oncology Center @ Penn , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Dennis E Discher
- NanoBioPolymers Lab, and Physical Sciences Oncology Center @ Penn , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| |
Collapse
|