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Tamura K, Duncan DT, Athens J, Scott M, Rienti M, Aldstadt J, Brotman LM, Elbel B. Do sedentary behavior and physical activity spatially cluster? Analysis of a population-based sample of Boston adolescents. GeoJournal 2018; 83:775-782. [PMID: 30416248 PMCID: PMC6219465 DOI: 10.1007/s10708-017-9801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity are key modifiable behavioral risk factors for chronic health problems, such as obesity and diabetes. Little is known about how sedentary behavior and physical activity among adolescents spatially cluster. The objective was to detect spatial clustering of sedentary behavior and physical activity among Boston adolescents. Data were used from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey Geospatial Dataset, a sample of public high school students who responded to a sedentary behavior and physical activity questionnaire. Four binary variables were created: 1) TV watching (>2 hours/day), 2) video games (>2 hours/day), 3) total screen time (>2 hours/day); and 4) 20 minutes/day of physical activity (≥5 days/week). A spatial scan statistic was utilized to detect clustering of sedentary behavior and physical activity. One statistically significant cluster of TV watching emerged among Boston adolescents in the unadjusted model. Students inside the cluster were more than twice as likely to report > 2 hours/day of TV watching compared to respondents outside the cluster. No significant clusters of sedentary behavior and physical activity emerged. Findings suggest that TV watching is spatially clustered among Boston adolescents. Such findings may serve to inform public health policymakers by identifying specific locations in Boston that could provide opportunities for policy intervention. Future research should examine what is linked to the clusters, such as neighborhood environments and network effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Tamura
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Dustin T. Duncan
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Jessica Athens
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Marc Scott
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY
- PRIISM Applied Statistics Center, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Michael Rienti
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jared Aldstadt
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Laurie M. Brotman
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Brian Elbel
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
- Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, NY
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Tamura K, Duncan DT, Athens JK, Bragg MA, Rienti M, Aldstadt J, Scott MA, Elbel B. Geospatial clustering in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Boston youth. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 68:719-725. [PMID: 28095725 PMCID: PMC10809269 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1276519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to detect geospatial clustering of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in Boston adolescents (age = 16.3 ± 1.3 years [range: 13-19]; female = 56.1%; White = 10.4%, Black = 42.6%, Hispanics = 32.4%, and others = 14.6%) using spatial scan statistics. We used data on self-reported SSB intake from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey Geospatial Dataset (n = 1292). Two binary variables were created: consumption of SSB (never versus any) on (1) soda and (2) other sugary drinks (e.g., lemonade). A Bernoulli spatial scan statistic was used to identify geospatial clusters of soda and other sugary drinks in unadjusted models and models adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. There was no statistically significant clustering of soda consumption in the unadjusted model. In contrast, a cluster of non-soda SSB consumption emerged in the middle of Boston (relative risk = 1.20, p = .005), indicating that adolescents within the cluster had a 20% higher probability of reporting non-soda SSB intake than outside the cluster. The cluster was no longer significant in the adjusted model, suggesting spatial variation in non-soda SSB drink intake correlates with the geographic distribution of students by race/ethnicity, age, and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Tamura
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Dustin T. Duncan
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Jessica K. Athens
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Marie A. Bragg
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Michael Rienti
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jared Aldstadt
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Marc A. Scott
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY
- PRIISM Applied Statistics Center, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Brian Elbel
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
- Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, NY
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Duncan DT, Rienti M, Kulldorff M, Aldstadt J, Castro MC, Frounfelker R, Williams JH, Sorensen G, Johnson RM, Hemenway D, Williams DR. Local spatial clustering in youths' use of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana in Boston. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2016; 42:412-21. [PMID: 27096932 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2016.1151522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding geographic variation in youth drug use is important for both identifying etiologic factors and planning prevention interventions. However, little research has examined spatial clustering of drug use among youths by using rigorous statistical methods. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine spatial clustering of youth use of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. METHODS Responses on tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use from 1,292 high school students ages 13-19 who provided complete residential addresses were drawn from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey Geospatial Dataset. Response options on past month use included "none," "1-2," "3-9," and "10 or more." The response rate for each substance was approximately 94%. Spatial clustering of youth drug use was assessed using the spatial Bernoulli model in the SatScan™ software package. RESULTS Approximately 12%, 36%, and 18% of youth reported any past-month use of tobacco, alcohol, and/or marijuana, respectively. Two clusters of elevated past tobacco use among Boston youths were generated, one of which was statistically significant. This cluster, located in the South Boston neighborhood, had a relative risk of 5.37 with a p-value of 0.00014. There was no significant localized spatial clustering in youth past alcohol or marijuana use in either the unadjusted or adjusted models. CONCLUSION Significant spatial clustering in youth tobacco use was found. Finding a significant cluster in the South Boston neighborhood provides reason for further investigation into neighborhood characteristics that may shape adolescents' substance use behaviors. This type of research can be used to evaluate the underlying reasons behind spatial clustering of youth substance and to target local drug abuse prevention interventions and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T Duncan
- a Department of Population Health , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.,b College of Global Public Health , New York University , New York , NY , USA.,c Center for Drug Use and HIV Research , New York University College of Nursing , New York , NY , USA.,d Population Center , New York University College of Arts and Science , New York , NY , USA.,e Center for Data Science , New York University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Michael Rienti
- f Department of Geography , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA.,g Center for Health and Social Research , SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Martin Kulldorff
- h Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jared Aldstadt
- f Department of Geography , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Marcia C Castro
- i Department of Global Health and Population , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA.,j Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Rochelle Frounfelker
- k Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - James H Williams
- a Department of Population Health , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Glorian Sorensen
- l Center for Community-based Research , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,m Lung Cancer Disparities Center , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA USA.,n Department of Mental Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Renee M Johnson
- n Department of Mental Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - David Hemenway
- o Department of Health Policy and Management , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - David R Williams
- k Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA.,m Lung Cancer Disparities Center , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA USA.,p Departments of African and African American Studies, and Sociology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA
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Jacquez GM, Barlow J, Rommel R, Kaufmann A, Rienti M, AvRuskin G, Rasul J. Residential mobility and breast cancer in Marin County, California, USA. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013; 11:271-95. [PMID: 24366047 PMCID: PMC3924444 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Marin County (California, USA) has among the highest incidences of breast cancer in the U.S. A previously conducted case-control study found eight significant risk factors in participants enrolled from 1997–1999. These included being premenopausal, never using birth control pills, lower highest lifetime body mass index, having four or more mammograms from 1990–1994, beginning drinking alcohol after age 21, drinking an average two or more alcoholic drinks per day, being in the highest quartile of pack-years of cigarette smoking, and being raised in an organized religion. Previously conducted surveys provided residential histories; while Ǫ statistic accounted for participants’ residential mobility, and assessed clustering of breast cancer cases relative to controls based on the known risk factors. These identified specific cases, places, and times of excess breast cancer risk. Analysis found significant global clustering of cases localized to specific residential histories and times. Much of the observed clustering occurred among participants who immigrated to Marin County. However, persistent case-clustering of greater than fifteen years duration was also detected. Significant case-clustering among long-term residents may indicate geographically localized risk factors not accounted for in the study design, as well as uncertainty and incompleteness in the acquired addresses. Other plausible explanations include environmental risk factors and cases tending to settle in specific areas. A biologically plausible exposure or risk factor has yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M. Jacquez
- BioMedware, Inc., 3526 West Liberty, Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA; E-Mails: (R.R.); (A.K.); (G.A.); (J.R.)
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo—State University of New York, 105 Wilkeson Quad, Buffalo, NY 14261, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: or ; Tel.: +1-716-645-1820; Fax: +1-716-645-2329
| | - Janice Barlow
- Zero Breast Cancer, 4340 Redwood Highway, Suite C400, San Rafael, CA 94903, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Robert Rommel
- BioMedware, Inc., 3526 West Liberty, Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA; E-Mails: (R.R.); (A.K.); (G.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Andy Kaufmann
- BioMedware, Inc., 3526 West Liberty, Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA; E-Mails: (R.R.); (A.K.); (G.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Michael Rienti
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo—State University of New York, 105 Wilkeson Quad, Buffalo, NY 14261, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Gillian AvRuskin
- BioMedware, Inc., 3526 West Liberty, Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA; E-Mails: (R.R.); (A.K.); (G.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Jawaid Rasul
- BioMedware, Inc., 3526 West Liberty, Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA; E-Mails: (R.R.); (A.K.); (G.A.); (J.R.)
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