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Mak S, Alessi CA, Kaufmann C, Martin J, Mitchell MN, Ulmer C, Lum HD, McCarthy MS, Smith JP, Fung CH. Pilot RCT Testing A Mailing About Sleeping Pills and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Impact on Benzodiazepines and Z-Drugs. Clin Gerontol 2024; 47:452-463. [PMID: 36200403 PMCID: PMC10076445 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2130849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim is to pilot a low-touch program for reducing benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA; benzodiazepines, z-drugs) prescriptions among older veterans. METHODS Pilot randomized controlled trial consists of 2,009 veterans aged ≥ 65 years who received BZRA prescriptions from a Veterans Health Administration pharmacy (Colorado or Montana) during the prior 18 months. Active: Arm 1 was a mailed brochure about BZRA risks that also included information about a free, online cognitive behavioral therapy for the insomnia (CBTI) program. Arm 2 was a mailed brochure (same as arm 1) and telephone reinforcement call. Control: Arm 3 was a mailed brochure without insomnia treatment information. Active BZRA prescriptions at follow-up (6 and 12 months) were measured. RESULTS In logistic regression analyses, the odds of BZRA prescription at 6- and 12-month follow-ups were not significantly different for arm 1 or 2 (active) versus arm 3 (control), including models adjusted for demographics and prescription characteristics (p-values >0.36). CONCLUSIONS Although we observed no differences in active BZRA prescriptions, this pilot study provides guidance for conducting a future study, indicating a need for a more potent intervention. A full-scale trial testing an optimized program would provide conclusive results. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Mailing information about BZRA risks and CBTI did not affect BZRA prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Mak
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (11E), North Hills, CA, USA 91343
| | - Cathy A. Alessi
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (11E), North Hills, CA, USA 91343
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Christopher Kaufmann
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, USA 32603
- Division of Epidemiology and Data Science in Gerontology, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, USA 32603
| | - Jennifer Martin
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (11E), North Hills, CA, USA 91343
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Michael N. Mitchell
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (11E), North Hills, CA, USA 91343
| | - Christi Ulmer
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Durham VA Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT)
| | - Hillary D. Lum
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO USA 80045
| | - Michaela S. McCarthy
- Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care (COIN), VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO, USA 80045
| | - Jason P. Smith
- VA Pharmacy Benefits Management, VA Rocky Mountain Network, 4100 East Mississippi, Suite 608, Glendale, CO, USA 80236
| | - Constance H. Fung
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street (11E), North Hills, CA, USA 91343
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Williams PH, Gilmartin HM, Leonard C, McCarthy MS, Kelley L, Grunwald GK, Jones CD, Whittington MD. The Influence of the Rural Transitions Nurse Program for Veterans on Healthcare Utilization Costs. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:3529-3534. [PMID: 36042072 PMCID: PMC9585107 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System Rural Transitions Nurse Program (TNP) addresses barriers veterans face when transitioning from urban tertiary VA hospitals to home. Previous clinical evaluations of TNP have shown that enrolled veterans were more likely to follow up with their primary care provider within 14 days of discharge and experience a significant reduction in mortality within 30 days compared to propensity-score matched controls. OBJECTIVE Examine changes from pre- to post-hospitalization in total, inpatient, and outpatient 30-day healthcare utilization costs for TNP enrollees compared to controls. DESIGN Quantitative analyses modeling the changes in cost via multivariable linear mixed-effects models to determine the association between TNP enrollment and changes in these costs. PARTICIPANTS Veterans meeting TNP eligibility criteria who were discharged home following an inpatient hospitalization at one of the 11 implementation sites from April 2017 to September 2019. INTERVENTION The four-step TNP transitional care intervention. MAIN MEASURES Changes in 30-day total, inpatient, and outpatient healthcare utilization costs were calculated for TNP enrollees and controls. KEY RESULTS Among 3001 TNP enrollees and 6002 controls, no statistically significant difference in the change in total costs (p = 0.65, 95% CI: (- $675, $350)) was identified. However, on average, the increase in inpatient costs from pre- to post-hospitalization was approximately $549 less for TNP enrollees (p = 0.02, 95% CI: (- $856, - $246)). The average increase in outpatient costs from pre- to post-hospitalization was approximately $421 more for TNP enrollees compared to controls (p = 0.003, 95% CI: ($109, $671)). CONCLUSIONS Although we found no difference in change in total costs between veterans enrolled in TNP and controls, TNP was associated with a smaller increase in direct inpatient medical costs and a larger increase in direct outpatient medical costs. This suggests a shifting of costs from the inpatient to outpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper H. Williams
- Denver/Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Heather M. Gilmartin
- Denver/Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO USA
- Health Systems, Management and Policy, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Chelsea Leonard
- Denver/Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Michaela S. McCarthy
- Denver/Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Lynette Kelley
- Denver/Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Gary K. Grunwald
- Denver/Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Christine D. Jones
- Denver/Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Melanie D. Whittington
- Denver/Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
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McCarthy MS, Ujano-De Motta LL, Nunnery MA, Gilmartin H, Kelley L, Wills A, Leonard C, Jones CD, Rabin BA. Understanding adaptations in the Veteran Health Administration's Transitions Nurse Program: refining methodology and pragmatic implications for scale-up. Implement Sci 2021; 16:71. [PMID: 34256763 PMCID: PMC8276503 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-021-01126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When complex health services interventions are implemented in real-world settings, adaptations are inevitable. Adaptations are changes made to an intervention, implementation strategy, or context prior to, during, and after implementation to improve uptake and fit. There is a growing interest in systematically documenting and understanding adaptations including what is changed, why, when, by whom, and with what impact. The rural Transitions Nurse Program (TNP) is a program in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), designed to safely transition a rural veteran from a tertiary hospital back home. TNP has been implemented in multiple cohorts across 11 sites nationwide over 4 years. In this paper, we describe adaptations in five TNP sites from the first cohort of sites and implications for the scale-up of TNP and discuss lessons learned for the systematic documentation and analysis of adaptations. METHODS We used the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) expanded version of the original Stirman framework to guide the rapid qualitative matrix analysis of adaptations. Adaptations were documented using multiple approaches: real-time database, semi-structured midpoint and exit interviews with implementors, and member checking with the implementation team. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. To combine multiple sources of adaptations, we used key domains from our framework and organized adaptations by time when the adaptation occurred (pre-, early, mid-, late implementation; sustainment) and categorized them as proactive or reactive. RESULTS Forty-one unique adaptations were reported during the study period. The most common type of adaptation was changes in target populations (patient enrollment criteria) followed by personnel changes (staff turnover). Most adaptations occurred during the mid-implementation time period and varied in number and type of adaptation. The reasons for this are discussed, and suggestions for future adaptation protocols are included. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the feasibility of systematically documenting adaptations using multiple methods across time points. Implementors were able to track adaptations in real time across the course of an intervention, which provided timely and actionable feedback to the implementation team overseeing the national roll-out of the program. Longitudinal semi-structured interviews can complement the real-time database and elicit reflective adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela S McCarthy
- Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care (COIN), VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, 1700 N. Wheeling Street, P1-151 Research, Denver, CO, 80045, USA.
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Lexus L Ujano-De Motta
- Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care (COIN), VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, 1700 N. Wheeling Street, P1-151 Research, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Mary A Nunnery
- Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care (COIN), VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, 1700 N. Wheeling Street, P1-151 Research, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Heather Gilmartin
- Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care (COIN), VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, 1700 N. Wheeling Street, P1-151 Research, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
- Health Systems, Management, and Policy, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lynette Kelley
- Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care (COIN), VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, 1700 N. Wheeling Street, P1-151 Research, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ashlea Wills
- Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care (COIN), VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, 1700 N. Wheeling Street, P1-151 Research, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Chelsea Leonard
- Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care (COIN), VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, 1700 N. Wheeling Street, P1-151 Research, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Christine D Jones
- Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care (COIN), VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, 1700 N. Wheeling Street, P1-151 Research, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Borsika A Rabin
- Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care (COIN), VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, 1700 N. Wheeling Street, P1-151 Research, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- UC San Diego Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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McCarthy MS, Stonecipher JJ, Gilmartin H, El-Hajj D, Battaglia C. An interdisciplinary postdoctoral fellowship model: Opportunities for nurse PhDs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 10. [PMID: 33117466 DOI: 10.5430/jnep.v10n2p33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Interdisciplinary postdoctoral fellowships can provide rich opportunities for nurses to receive additional training and develop diverse professional academic and research partnerships. They provide a structure for learning in which team science is emphasized and complex health issues are addressed. This paper presents an interdisciplinary postdoctoral fellowship model and highlights the development of one nurse fellow's network during the program. The fellowship curriculum is outlined and the three focus areas (education, research, and experience) are further explained. A social network analysis approach was used to illustrate the growth in one nurse fellow's network during a two-year postdoctoral fellowship. The first year of the fellowship showed an increase in the number of professional connections, while in the second year the relationships deepened as collaborations were established and strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela S McCarthy
- Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Univeristy of Colorado, College of Nursing, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica-Jean Stonecipher
- Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,University of Florida, University Writing Program, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Heather Gilmartin
- Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,University of Colorado, School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dana El-Hajj
- Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Univeristy of Colorado, College of Nursing, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Catherine Battaglia
- Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,University of Colorado, School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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McCarthy MS, Hoffmire C, Brenner LA, Nazem S. Sleep and timing of death by suicide among U.S. Veterans 2006–2015: analysis of the American Time Use Survey and the National Violent Death Reporting System. Sleep 2019; 42:5513337. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
Suicide is a top public health priority, and U.S. Veterans are recognized to be at particularly elevated risk. Sleep disturbances are an independent risk factor for suicide; recent empirical data suggest that nocturnal wakefulness may be a key mechanism underlying this association. Given higher rates of sleep disturbances among U.S. Veterans compared with civilians, we examined associations between nocturnal wakefulness and timing of death by suicide in U.S. Veterans and civilians to determine whether temporal suicide patterns differed.
Methods
The American Time Use Survey and the National Violent Death Reporting System were analyzed (2006–2015) to determine whether sleep and temporal suicide patterns differed between age-stratified groups (18–39, 40–64, and ≥65) of U.S. Veterans and civilians. Observed temporal suicide patterns were reported and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) calculated to compare the percentage of suicides observed with those expected, given the proportion of the population awake, across clock hours.
Results
The raw proportion of Veteran suicides peaks between the hours of 1000–1200; however, the peak prevalence of suicide after accounting for the population awake is between 0000 and 0300 hr (p < .00001, ϕ = .88). The highest SIR was at midnight; U.S. Veterans were eight times more likely to die by suicide than expected given the population awake (SIR = 8.17; 95% CI = 7.45–8.94).
Conclusions
Nocturnal wakefulness is associated with increased risk for suicide in U.S. Veterans. Overall patterns of observed suicides by clock hour were similar between U.S. Veterans and civilians. However, Veteran-specific SIRs suggest differences in magnitude of risk by clock hour across age groups. Future research examining female and Post-9/11 U.S. Veterans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Hoffmire
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration, Aurora, CO
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration, Aurora, CO
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Sarra Nazem
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration, Aurora, CO
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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McCarthy MS, Hoffmire C, Nazem S, Brenner L. 0724 Differences in Veteran versus Civilian Sleep Patterns. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M S McCarthy
- Veterans Administration Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO
| | - C Hoffmire
- Veterans Administration Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO
| | - S Nazem
- Veterans Administration Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO
| | - L Brenner
- Veterans Administration Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO
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McCarthy MS, Matthews EE. 0379 EFFECTS OF AN INTERNET-BASED VIDEOCONFERENCE COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR INSOMNIA INTERVENTION. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Matthews EE, Berger AM, Schmiege SJ, Cook PF, McCarthy MS, Moore CM, Aloia MS. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia outcomes in women after primary breast cancer treatment: a randomized, controlled trial. Oncol Nurs Forum 2014; 41:241-53. [PMID: 24650832 DOI: 10.1188/14.onf.41-03ap] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) on sleep improvement, daytime symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer survivors (BCSs) after cancer treatment. DESIGN A prospective, longitudinal, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING Oncology clinics, breast cancer support groups, and communities in Colorado. SAMPLE 56 middle-aged BCSs with chronic insomnia. METHODS Women were randomly assigned to CBTI or behavioral placebo treatment (BPT) and completed measures of sleep, QOL, functioning, fatigue, and mood at baseline, postintervention, and at three- and six-month follow-ups. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Sleep outcomes (e.g., sleep efficiency, sleep latency, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, number of nightly awakenings); secondary variables included sleep medication use, insomnia severity, QOL, physical function, cognitive function, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and sleep attitudes or knowledge. FINDINGS Sleep efficiency and latency improved more in the CBTI group than the BPT group; this difference was maintained during follow-up. Women in the CBTI group had less subjective insomnia, greater improvements in physical and cognitive functioning, positive sleep attitudes, and increased sleep hygiene knowledge. No group differences in improvement were noted relative to QOL, fatigue, or mood. CONCLUSIONS Nurse-delivered CBTI appears to be beneficial for BCSs' sleep latency/efficiency, insomnia severity, functioning, sleep knowledge, and attitudes more than active placebo, with sustained benefit over time. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Oncology nurses are in a unique position to identify insomnia in cancer survivors. When sleep disturbances become chronic, nurses need to make recommendations and referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann M Berger
- College of Nursing, Omaha Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Sarah J Schmiege
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health
| | - Paul F Cook
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado in Denver
| | | | - Camille M Moore
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics in the School of Public Health, University of Colorado in Denver
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Matthews EE, Arnedt JT, McCarthy MS, Cuddihy LJ, Aloia MS. Adherence to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2013; 17:453-64. [PMID: 23602124 PMCID: PMC3720832 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic insomnia is a significant public health problem worldwide, and insomnia has considerable personal and social costs associated with serious health conditions, greater healthcare utilization, work absenteeism, and motor-vehicle accidents. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) is an efficacious treatment, yet attrition and suboptimal adherence may diminish its impact. Despite the increasing use of CBTI, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to understanding the role of adherence. This review describes a comprehensive literature search of adherence to CBTI. The search revealed 15 studies that evaluated adherence to CBTI in adults using valid and reliable measures of sleep, and measure of adherence other than study withdrawals. The primary purposes of this review were to 1) synthesize current study characteristics, methodology, adherence rates, contributing factors, and impact on outcomes, 2) discuss measurement issues, and 3) identify future practice and research directions that may lead to improved outcomes. Strong patterns and inconsistencies were identified among the studies, which complicate an evaluation of the role of adherence as a factor and outcome of CBTI success. The importance of standardized adherence and outcome measures is discussed. In light of the importance of adherence to behavior change, this systematic review may better inform future intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellyn E Matthews
- University of Colorado Denver, College of Nursing, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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McCarthy MS, Matthews EE. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Promotion in Nursing Practice. Nurse Educ Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Martindale RG, McCarthy MS, McClave SA. Guidelines for nutrition therapy in critical illness: are not they all the same? Minerva Anestesiol 2011; 77:463-467. [PMID: 21483391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In general, clinical guidelines identify, summarize, and evaluate the most current data concerning prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, therapy and cost for a specific patient population. This paper will briefly describe the authors' point of view regarding controversial aspects of adult critical care nutrition therapy guidelines published by preeminent professional societies in the United States (US), Canada, and Europe. The US guidelines were developed by subject matter experts to offer recommendations for specialized nutrition therapy that are supported by review and analysis of the pertinent current literature, other national and international guidelines, and by a blend of expert opinion and clinical practicality. A similar strategy was used to compile all three guideline publications resulting in many areas of common agreement, but disparate substantive recommendations do exist regarding: indirect calorimetry versus predictive equations, prokinetics in the intensive care unit (ICU), arginine use in the ICU, probiotic use in the ICU, and acceptable gastric residual volumes in the ICU patient. All of the guidelines are based on high quality studies in patients with critical illness, but like any other therapeutic modality for an ICU patient, nutritional interventions require a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates institutional best practices, individual patient considerations, and above all, clinical judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Martindale
- Division of General Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Nolan PE, Arabia FA, Smith RG, Sethi GK, Bose RK, Banchy ME, Woolley DS, Rhenman BE, McCarthy MS, Copeland JG. STROKE OUTCOMES FOLLOWING IMPLANTATION OF THE CAR-DIOWEST TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART. ASAIO J 2002. [DOI: 10.1097/00002480-200203000-00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Copeland JG, Smith RG, Arabia FA, Nolan PE, Mehta VK, McCarthy MS, Chisholm KA. Comparison of the CardioWest total artificial heart, the novacor left ventricular assist system and the thoratec ventricular assist system in bridge to transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71:S92-7; discussion S114-5. [PMID: 11265873 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(00)02625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Device selection has historically been supported by minimal comparative data. Since 1994, we have implanted 43 patients with the CardioWest Total Artificial Heart (CW), 23 with the Novacor Left Ventricular Assist System (N), and 26 with the Thoratec Ventricular Assist System (T). This experience provides a basis for our device selection criteria. METHODS We reviewed retrospectively the results for survival, stroke, and infection in the CW, N, and T groups. Statistical methods included the Student's t-test, chi2 analysis, and Kaplan-Meier actuarial survival curves. RESULTS The T group patients were younger and smaller sized than the CW or N group. The CW group had the highest mean central venous pressure (CVP) and lowest mean cardiac index. Survival to transplantation was 75% for CW, 57% for N, and 38% for T. Multiple organ failure postimplant caused most deaths in the CW and T groups. Right heart failure and stroke caused most N deaths. Linearized stroke rates (event/patient-month) were 0.03 for CW, 0.28 for N, and 0.08 for T. Serious infections were found in 20% of CW, 30% of N, and 8% of T patients, but linearized rates showed little difference and death from infection was rare. CONCLUSIONS The N device should be used in "stable" patients with body surface area (BSA) greater than 1.7 m2 and with minimal right heart failure. Unstable patients with biventricular failure should receive a CW if the BSA is greater than 1.7 m2 or a T if they are smaller.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Copeland
- University of Arizona Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5071, USA.
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McCarthy MS. Use of indirect calorimetry to optimize nutrition support and assess physiologic dead space in the mechanically ventilated ICU patient: a case study approach. AACN Clin Issues 2000; 11:619-30. [PMID: 11288423 DOI: 10.1097/00044067-200011000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Indirect calorimetry (IC) is an accurate method of estimating a patient's energy expenditure, particularly the complex critically ill patient who benefits most from an individualized regimen of nutritional support. This bedside technique measures variables related to gas exchange and replaces assumptions about physiologic stress. When indirect calorimetry data are augmented by an arterial blood gas analysis of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), the dead space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) can be determined for an individual patient. These data can be valuable to the healthcare team when checking reasons for weaning failure. A case study approach to a 69-year-old man with acute respiratory distress syndrome and biliary sepsis will demonstrate the utility of this measurement. Attention to precise nutritional support and optimal gas exchange can influence the outcome of critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. This discussion highlights the potential benefits of indirect calorimetry for critical care nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S McCarthy
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA
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Sethi GK, Kosaraju S, Arabia FA, Roasdo LJ, McCarthy MS, Copeland JG. Is it necessary to perform surveillance endomyocardial biopsies in heart transplant recipients? J Heart Lung Transplant 1995; 14:1047-51. [PMID: 8719449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine surveillance endomyocardial biopsies to diagnose unsuspected rejection are performed at 3- to 12-month intervals after heart transplantation. From 1979 to 1989, surveillance biopsies were routinely performed as a part of the yearly evaluation. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the follow-up data showed that "routine surveillance biopsies" had an extremely low yield, and, on the basis of the results of this study, we discontinued to perform surveillance biopsies beyond 6 months after transplantation. To validate these results, we compared the outcome of two groups of patients who had similar demographics and identical immunosuppression, except that in one group the surveillance biopsies were not performed. RESULTS No difference was found in either actuarial survival rate or freedom from late rejection between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm that routine surveillance heart biopsies beyond 6 months after transplantation are not necessary and they should be performed only if there is clinical suspicion of rejection or as part of a research protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Sethi
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA
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Sethi GK, Lanauze P, Rosado LJ, Huston C, McCarthy MS, Butman S, Copeland JG. Clinical significance of weight difference between donor and recipient in heart transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993; 106:444-8. [PMID: 8361185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A standard and important criterion for donor acceptance is to match the donor's body weight to within 20% of the recipient's body weight. However, to meet the increasing demand of patients who need heart transplantation, frequently a heart that is below the standard criteria for donation is accepted. Of the 200 consecutive patients who underwent heart transplantation at the University of Arizona, 27 patients received a heart from a smaller donor with a weight difference of more than 30% (range 30% to 46%). The early mortality and late survival of these 27 patients were not different when compared with those of the patients who received transplants from donors with a weight difference of less than 30%. The probability of freedom from rejection and infection and postoperative ejection fraction were also similar between the two groups. Therefore, we believe that the widely accepted donor-recipient weight-match criterion of 20% can be safely extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Sethi
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Arizona Heart Center, Tucson 85724
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McCarthy MS, Albright PA. AIDS. Hospital lawyer respond: a case for confidentiality. J Christ Nurs 1987; 4:7-8. [PMID: 3668798 DOI: 10.1097/00005217-198704040-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Calabrese EJ, Moore GS, McCarthy MS. The effect of ascorbic acid on copper-induced oxidative changes in the erythrocytes of rats, sheep, and normal humans. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1983; 3:179-83. [PMID: 6635265 DOI: 10.1016/0273-2300(83)90025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rats, sheep, and normal humans displayed a comparable sensitivity to copper acetate (3 mM)-induced changes in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in vitro. However, the human erythrocytes were more sensitive than either animal to methemoglobin (METHB) formation with the rat being least sensitive. Ascorbic acid incubation markedly enhanced the occurrence of copper acetate-induced increases in METHB and decreases in GSH in the sheep and humans. However, ascorbic acid incubation reduced the occurrence of copper acetate-induced increases in METHB, while not effecting changes in GSH in rats.
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Calabrese EJ, Moore GS, McCarthy MS. The effect of ascorbic acid on nitrite-induced methemoglobin formation in rats, sheep, and normal human erythrocytes. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1983; 3:184-8. [PMID: 6635266 DOI: 10.1016/0273-2300(83)90026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Interspecies differences were demonstrated with respect to the occurrence of sodium nitrite-induced methemoglobin (METHB) in the erythrocytes of rats, dorset sheep, and normal humans, with the rats displaying approximately 25-33% of the sensitivity of sheep and human erythrocytes. Ascorbic acid incubation along with the nitrite was able to significantly reduce METHB formation in a dose-dependent manner in both rats and humans but not in sheep.
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Calabrese EJ, Moore GS, McCarthy MS. The effect of ascorbic acid on sodium nitrite-induced methemoglobin formation in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient erythrocytes. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 1983; 7:410-415. [PMID: 6617567 DOI: 10.1016/0147-6513(83)90006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid significantly reduced the occurrence of sodium nitrite-induced methemoglobin (METHB) formation in a dose-dependent manner in erythrocytes from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)-deficient humans in vitro. The ascorbic acid treatment, however, also decreased levels of reduced GSH in a dose-dependent manner, a response indicative of oxidant stress to the erythrocyte membrane. The latter findings are inconsistent with the hypothesis that ascorbic acid supplementation in G-6-PD-deficient humans may help compensate for inherently low levels of erythrocyte GSH. Finally, the ascorbic acid-induced reduction of METHB values, while of statistical significance, does not appear to be of clinical significance.
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Calabrese EJ, Moore GS, McCarthy MS. Effect of ascorbic acid on copper-induced oxidative changes in erythrocytes of individuals with a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1983; 30:323-330. [PMID: 6850118 DOI: 10.1007/bf01610140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Calabrese EJ, Moore GS, McCarthy MS. Ascorbic acid enhances the occurrence of copper-induced methemoglobin formation in normal human erythrocytes in vitro. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1982; 29:704-710. [PMID: 7159780 DOI: 10.1007/bf01606110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Reichard LA, Hafs HD, Haynes NB, Collier RJ, Kiser TE, McCarthy MS. Sperm output and serum testosterone in rabbits given prostaglandin F2alpha or E2. Prostaglandins 1978; 16:135-42. [PMID: 704920 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(78)90210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Haynes NB, Kiser TE, Hafs HD, Carruthers TD, Oxender WD, McCarthy MS. Effect of intracarotid infusion of prostaglandin F2alpha on plasma luteinizing hormone, testosterone and glucocorticoid concentrations in bulls. J Anim Sci 1977; 45:1102-7. [PMID: 599099 DOI: 10.2527/jas1977.4551102x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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McCarthy MS, Swanson LV. Serum LH concentration following castration, steroid hormone and gonadotropin releasing hormone treatment in the male bovine. J Anim Sci 1976; 43:151-8. [PMID: 780330 DOI: 10.2527/jas1976.431151x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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