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Chorin O, Hirsch Y, Rock R, Salzer Sheelo L, Goldberg Y, Mandel H, Hershkovitz T, Fleischer N, Greenbaum L, Katz U, Barel O, Hamed N, Ben-Zeev B, Greenberger S, Nasser Samra N, Stern Zimmer M, Raas-Rothschild A, Pode-Shakked B. Vici syndrome in Israel: Clinical and molecular insights. Front Genet 2022; 13:991721. [PMID: 36204321 PMCID: PMC9531146 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.991721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vici Syndrome is a rare, severe, neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorder with multi-systemic manifestations presenting in infancy. It is mainly characterized by global developmental delay, seizures, agenesis of the corpus callosum, hair and skin hypopigmentation, bilateral cataract, and varying degrees of immunodeficiency, among other features. Vici Syndrome is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in EPG5, resulting in impaired autophagy. Thus far, the condition has been reported in less than a hundred individuals. Objective and Methods: We aimed to characterize the clinical and molecular findings in individuals harboring biallelic EPG5 variants, recruited from four medical centers in Israel. Furthermore, we aimed to utilize a machine learning-based tool to assess facial features of Vici syndrome. Results: Eleven cases of Vici Syndrome from five unrelated families, one of which was diagnosed prenatally with subsequent termination of pregnancy, were recruited. A total of five disease causing variants were detected in EPG5: two novel: c.2554-5A>G and c.1461delC; and 3 previously reported: c.3447G>A, c.5993C>G, and c.1007A>G, the latter previously identified in several patients of Ashkenazi-Jewish (AJ) descent. Amongst 140,491 individuals screened by the Dor Yeshorim Program, we show that the c.1007A>G variant has an overall carrier frequency of 0.45% (1 in 224) among AJ individuals. Finally, based on two-dimensional facial photographs of individuals with Vici syndrome (n = 19), a composite facial mask was created using the DeepGestalt algorithm, illustrating facial features typical of this disorder. Conclusion: We report on ten children and one fetus from five unrelated families, affected with Vici syndrome, and describe prenatal and postnatal characteristics. Our findings contribute to the current knowledge regarding the molecular basis and phenotypic features of this rare syndrome. Additionally, the deep learning-based facial gestalt adds to the clinician’s diagnostic toolbox and may aid in facilitating identification of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odelia Chorin
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- *Correspondence: Odelia Chorin,
| | - Yoel Hirsch
- Dor Yeshorim, Committee for Prevention of Jewish Genetic Diseases, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rachel Rock
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Liat Salzer Sheelo
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Hanna Mandel
- Unit of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel
| | - Tova Hershkovitz
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- The Joseph Sagol Neusroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Uriel Katz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Pediatric Heart Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- The Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nasrin Hamed
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Bruria Ben-Zeev
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shoshana Greenberger
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- The Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nadra Nasser Samra
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Michal Stern Zimmer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Pediatric Department B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Annick Raas-Rothschild
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Ben Pode-Shakked
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- The Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Darensbourg DJ, Zimmer MS, Rainey P, Larkins DL. Solution and solid-state structures of phosphine adducts of monomeric zinc bisphenoxide complexes. Importance of these derivatives in CO2/epoxide copolymerization processes. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:1578-85. [PMID: 12526468 DOI: 10.1021/ic990594a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphine derivatives of the monomeric zinc phenoxide complexes, (phenoxide)2ZnLn, where phenoxide equals 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide, 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxide, and 2,6-diphenylphenoxide and n = 1 or 2, have been synthesized from the reaction of Zn[N(SiMe3)2]2 and the corresponding phenol followed by the addition of phosphine. The complexes have been characterized in solution by 31P NMR spectroscopy and in selected instances in the solid-state by X-ray crystallography. The small, basic phosphine, PMe3, provided the only case of an isolated complex possessing two phosphine ligands (i.e., n = 2). For all other larger phosphines only the monophosphine adducts were obtained. Furthermore, only fairly basic phosphines were found to bind to zinc, e.g., whereas PPh3 (pKa = 2.73) was ineffective, PPh2Me (pKa = 4.57) did form a strong bond to zinc. The solid-state structures of the monophosphine adducts consist of a near-trigonal planar geometry about the zinc center, where the average P-Zn-O angles are larger than the O-Zn-O angles. On the other hand, the bisphosphine adduct, Zn(O-2,4,6-tBu3C6H2)(2).2PMe3, is a distorted tetrahedral structure with O-Zn-O and P-Zn-P bond angles of 108.8(2) degrees and 107.1(9) degrees, respectively. Competitive phosphine binding studies monitored by 31P NMR spectroscopy provided a relative binding order of PPh3 approximately PtBu3 << PPh2Me < PCy3 < PMe2Ph < PnBu3 < PEt3 < PMe3. Hence, the relative binding of basic phosphine ligands at these congested zinc sites is largely determined by their steric requirements. All phosphine adducts, with the exception of PMe2Ph and PMe3, were found to undergo slow self-exchange (< 600 s-1) with free phosphine by 31P NMR spectroscopy. However, the two small phosphines, PMe2Ph (cone angle = 122 degrees) and PMe3 (cone angle = 118 degrees), were shown to undergo rapid exchange presumably via an associative mechanism. Although there was no kinetic preferences for PCy3 binding to cadmium vs zinc, cadmium was thermodynamically favored by about a factor of 2.5. The addition of up to 3 equiv of PCy3 to the Zn(O-2,6-tBu2C6H3)2 or Zn(O-2,4,6-tBu3C6H2)2 derivatives did not significantly alter the reactivity of these catalysts for the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and CO2 to high-molecular weight poly(cyclohexene carbonate). However, the presence of PCy3 greatly retarded their ability to homopolymerize CHO to polyether or to afford polyether linkages during the copolymerization of CHO/CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
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