1
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Averdunk L, Huetzen MA, Moreno-Andrés D, Kalb R, McKee S, Hsieh TC, Seibt A, Schouwink M, Lalani S, Faqeih EA, Brunet T, Boor P, Neveling K, Hoischen A, Hildebrandt B, Graf E, Lu L, Jin W, Schaper J, Omer JA, Demaret T, Fleischer N, Schindler D, Krawitz P, Mayatepek E, Wieczorek D, Wang LL, Antonin W, Jachimowicz RD, von Felbert V, Distelmaier F. Biallelic variants in CRIPT cause a Rothmund-Thomson-like syndrome with increased cellular senescence. Genet Med 2023:100836. [PMID: 37013901 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is characterized by poikiloderma, sparse hair, small stature, skeletal defects, cancer, cataracts, resembling features of premature aging. RECQL4 and ANAPC1 are the two known disease genes associated with RTS in over 70% of cases. We describe RTS-like features in five individuals with biallelic variants in CRIPT (OMIM#615789). METHODS Two newly identified and four published individuals with CRIPT variants were systematically compared to RTS using clinical data, computational analysis of photographs, histologic analysis of skin, and cellular studies on fibroblasts. RESULTS All CRIPT individuals fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for RTS, and additionally had neurodevelopmental delay and seizures. Using computational gestalt analysis, CRIPT individuals showed greatest facial similarity with RTS individuals. Skin biopsies revealed a high expression of senescence markers (p53/p16/p21) and the senescence-associated ß-galactosidase activity was elevated in CRIPT-deficient fibroblasts. RECQL4- and CRIPT-deficient fibroblasts showed an unremarkable mitotic progression and unremarkable number of mitotic errors, and no or only mild sensitivity to genotoxic stress by ionizing radiation, mitomycin C, hydroxyurea, etoposide, and potassium bromate. CONCLUSION CRIPT causes an RTS-like syndrome associated with neurodevelopmental delay and epilepsy. At the cellular level, RECQL4- and CRIPT-deficient cells display increased senescence, suggesting shared molecular mechanisms leading to the clinical phenotypes.
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2
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Chorin O, Hirsch Y, Rock R, Salzer Sheelo L, Goldberg Y, Mandel H, Hershkovitz T, Fleischer N, Greenbaum L, Katz U, Barel O, Hamed N, Ben-Zeev B, Greenberger S, Nasser Samra N, Stern Zimmer M, Raas-Rothschild A, Pode-Shakked B. Vici syndrome in Israel: Clinical and molecular insights. Front Genet 2022; 13:991721. [PMID: 36204321 PMCID: PMC9531146 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.991721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vici Syndrome is a rare, severe, neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorder with multi-systemic manifestations presenting in infancy. It is mainly characterized by global developmental delay, seizures, agenesis of the corpus callosum, hair and skin hypopigmentation, bilateral cataract, and varying degrees of immunodeficiency, among other features. Vici Syndrome is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in EPG5, resulting in impaired autophagy. Thus far, the condition has been reported in less than a hundred individuals. Objective and Methods: We aimed to characterize the clinical and molecular findings in individuals harboring biallelic EPG5 variants, recruited from four medical centers in Israel. Furthermore, we aimed to utilize a machine learning-based tool to assess facial features of Vici syndrome. Results: Eleven cases of Vici Syndrome from five unrelated families, one of which was diagnosed prenatally with subsequent termination of pregnancy, were recruited. A total of five disease causing variants were detected in EPG5: two novel: c.2554-5A>G and c.1461delC; and 3 previously reported: c.3447G>A, c.5993C>G, and c.1007A>G, the latter previously identified in several patients of Ashkenazi-Jewish (AJ) descent. Amongst 140,491 individuals screened by the Dor Yeshorim Program, we show that the c.1007A>G variant has an overall carrier frequency of 0.45% (1 in 224) among AJ individuals. Finally, based on two-dimensional facial photographs of individuals with Vici syndrome (n = 19), a composite facial mask was created using the DeepGestalt algorithm, illustrating facial features typical of this disorder. Conclusion: We report on ten children and one fetus from five unrelated families, affected with Vici syndrome, and describe prenatal and postnatal characteristics. Our findings contribute to the current knowledge regarding the molecular basis and phenotypic features of this rare syndrome. Additionally, the deep learning-based facial gestalt adds to the clinician’s diagnostic toolbox and may aid in facilitating identification of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odelia Chorin
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- *Correspondence: Odelia Chorin,
| | - Yoel Hirsch
- Dor Yeshorim, Committee for Prevention of Jewish Genetic Diseases, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rachel Rock
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Liat Salzer Sheelo
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Hanna Mandel
- Unit of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel
| | - Tova Hershkovitz
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- The Joseph Sagol Neusroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Uriel Katz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Pediatric Heart Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- The Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nasrin Hamed
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Bruria Ben-Zeev
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shoshana Greenberger
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- The Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nadra Nasser Samra
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Michal Stern Zimmer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Pediatric Department B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Annick Raas-Rothschild
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Ben Pode-Shakked
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- The Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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3
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Asif M, Kaygusuz E, Shinawi M, Nickelsen A, Hsieh TC, Wagle P, Budde BS, Hochscherf J, Abdullah U, Höning S, Nienberg C, Lindenblatt D, Noegel AA, Altmüller J, Thiele H, Motameny S, Fleischer N, Segal I, Pais L, Tinschert S, Samra NN, Savatt JM, Rudy NL, De Luca C, Paola Fortugno, White SM, Krawitz P, Hurst ACE, Niefind K, Jose J, Brancati F, Nürnberg P, Hussain MS. De novo variants of CSNK2B cause a new intellectual disability-craniodigital syndrome by disrupting the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. HGG Adv 2022; 3:100111. [PMID: 35571680 PMCID: PMC9092267 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CSNK2B encodes for casein kinase II subunit beta (CK2β), the regulatory subunit of casein kinase II (CK2), which is known to mediate diverse cellular pathways. Variants in this gene have been recently identified as a cause of Poirier-Bienvenu neurodevelopmental syndrome (POBINDS), but functional evidence is sparse. Here, we report five unrelated individuals: two of them manifesting POBINDS, while three are identified to segregate a new intellectual disability-craniodigital syndrome (IDCS), distinct from POBINDS. The three IDCS individuals carried two different de novo missense variants affecting the same codon of CSNK2B. Both variants, NP_001311.3; p.Asp32His and NP_001311.3; p.Asp32Asn, lead to an upregulation of CSNK2B expression at transcript and protein level, along with global dysregulation of canonical Wnt signaling. We found impaired interaction of the two key players DVL3 and β-catenin with mutated CK2β. The variants compromise the kinase activity of CK2 as evident by a marked reduction of phosphorylated β-catenin and consequent absence of active β-catenin inside nuclei of the patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). In line with these findings, whole-transcriptome profiling of patient-derived LCLs harboring the NP_001311.3; p.Asp32His variant confirmed a marked difference in expression of genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, whole-phosphoproteome analysis of the LCLs of the same subject showed absence of phosphorylation for 313 putative CK2 substrates, enriched in the regulation of nuclear β-catenin and transcription of the target genes. Our findings suggest that discrete variants in CSNK2B cause dominant-negative perturbation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, leading to a new craniodigital syndrome distinguishable from POBINDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Asif
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Kaygusuz
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gülümbe Campus, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna Nickelsen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Tzung-Chien Hsieh
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Prerana Wagle
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit S Budde
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hochscherf
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uzma Abdullah
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Stefan Höning
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Nienberg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Lindenblatt
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Facility Genomics, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Motameny
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Lynn Pais
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sigrid Tinschert
- Zentrum Medizinische Genetik, Medizinische Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadra Nasser Samra
- Hospital Center, Safed, Israel.,Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Natasha L Rudy
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Paola Fortugno
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.,IRCCS, San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Roma, Italy
| | - Susan M White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna C E Hurst
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karsten Niefind
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.,IRCCS, San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Roma, Italy
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hussain
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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4
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Riedhammer KM, Burgemeister AL, Cantagrel V, Amiel J, Siquier-Pernet K, Boddaert N, Hertecant J, Kannouche PL, Pouvelle C, Htun S, Slavotinek AM, Beetz C, Diego-Alvarez D, Kampe K, Fleischer N, Awamleh Z, Weksberg R, Kopajtich R, Meitinger T, Suleiman J, El-Hattab AW. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3083-3094. [PMID: 35512351 PMCID: PMC9476618 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TASP1 encodes an endopeptidase activating histone methyltransferases of the KMT2 family. Homozygous loss-of-function variants in TASP1 have recently been associated with Suleiman-El-Hattab syndrome. We report six individuals with Suleiman-El-Hattab syndrome and provide functional characterization of this novel histone modification disorder in a multi-omics approach. METHODS Chromosomal microarray/exome sequencing in all individuals. Western blotting from fibroblasts in two individuals. RNA sequencing and proteomics from fibroblasts in one individual. Methylome analysis from blood in two individuals. Knock-out of tasp1 orthologue in zebrafish and phenotyping. RESULTS All individuals had biallelic TASP1 loss-of-function variants and a phenotype including developmental delay, multiple congenital anomalies (including cardiovascular and posterior fossa malformations), a distinct facial appearance and happy demeanor. Western blot revealed absence of TASP1. RNA sequencing/proteomics showed HOX gene downregulation (HOXA4, HOXA7, HOXA1 and HOXB2) and dysregulation of transcription factor TFIIA. A distinct methylation profile intermediate between control and Kabuki syndrome (KMT2D) profiles could be produced. Zebrafish tasp1 knock-out revealed smaller head size and abnormal cranial cartilage formation in tasp1 crispants. CONCLUSION This work further delineates Suleiman-El-Hattab syndrome, a recognizable neurodevelopmental syndrome. Possible downstream mechanisms of TASP1 deficiency include perturbed HOX gene expression and dysregulated TFIIA complex. Methylation pattern suggests that Suleiman-El-Hattab syndrome can be categorized into the group of histone modification disorders including Wiedemann-Steiner and Kabuki syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korbinian M Riedhammer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Vincent Cantagrel
- Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Karine Siquier-Pernet
- Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Département de radiologie pédiatrique, INSERM UMR 1163 and INSERM U1000, AP-HP, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jozef Hertecant
- Division of Genetics and Metabolics, Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Patricia L Kannouche
- CNRS UMR 9019, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Pouvelle
- CNRS UMR 9019, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Stephanie Htun
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anne M Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Zain Awamleh
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Robert Kopajtich
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Jehan Suleiman
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayman W El-Hattab
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Tel: +971 508875123; Fax: +97137131044;
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5
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Daykin E, Fleischer N, Abdelwahab M, Hassib N, Schiffmann R, Ryan E, Sidransky E. Investigation of a dysmorphic facial phenotype in patients with Gaucher disease types 2 and 3. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 134:274-280. [PMID: 34663554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder that is divided into three subtypes based on presentation of neurological manifestations. Distinguishing between the types has important implications for treatment and counseling. Yet, patients with neuronopathic forms of GD, types 2 and 3, often present at young ages and can have overlapping phenotypes. It has been shown that new technologies employing artificial intelligence and facial recognition software can assist with dysmorphology assessments. Though classically not associated nor previously described with a dysmorphic facial phenotype, this study investigated whether a facial recognition platform could distinguish between photos of patients with GD2 and GD3 and discriminate between them and photos of healthy controls. Each cohort included over 100 photos. A cross validation scheme including a series of binary comparisons between groups was used. Outputs included a composite photo of each cohort and either a receiver operating characteristic curve or a confusion matrix. Binary comparisons showed that the software could correctly group photos at least 89% of the time. Multiclass comparison between GD2, GD3, and healthy controls demonstrated a mean accuracy of 76.6%, compared to a 37.7% chance for random comparison. Both GD2 and GD3 have now been added to the facial recognition platform as established syndromes that can be identified by the algorithm. These results suggest that facial recognition and artificial intelligence, though no substitute for other diagnostic methods, may aid in the recognition of neuronopathic GD. The algorithm, in concert with other clinical features, also appears to distinguish between young patients with GD2 and GD3, suggesting that this tool can help facilitate earlier implementation of appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Daykin
- Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Magy Abdelwahab
- Cairo University Pediatric Hospital, and Social and Preventive Medicine Center, Kasr Elainy Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal Hassib
- Orodental Genetics, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Emory Ryan
- Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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6
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Peng C, Dieck S, Schmid A, Ahmad A, Knaus A, Wenzel M, Mehnert L, Zirn B, Haack T, Ossowski S, Wagner M, Brunet T, Ehmke N, Danyel M, Rosnev S, Kamphans T, Nadav G, Fleischer N, Fröhlich H, Krawitz P. CADA: phenotype-driven gene prioritization based on a case-enriched knowledge graph. NAR Genom Bioinform 2021; 3:lqab078. [PMID: 34514393 PMCID: PMC8415429 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many rare syndromes can be well described and delineated from other disorders by a combination of characteristic symptoms. These phenotypic features are best documented with terms of the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO), which are increasingly used in electronic health records (EHRs), too. Many algorithms that perform HPO-based gene prioritization have also been developed; however, the performance of many such tools suffers from an over-representation of atypical cases in the medical literature. This is certainly the case if the algorithm cannot handle features that occur with reduced frequency in a disorder. With Cada, we built a knowledge graph based on both case annotations and disorder annotations. Using network representation learning, we achieve gene prioritization by link prediction. Our results suggest that Cada exhibits superior performance particularly for patients that present with the pathognomonic findings of a disease. Additionally, information about the frequency of occurrence of a feature can readily be incorporated, when available. Crucial in the design of our approach is the use of the growing amount of phenotype–genotype information that diagnostic labs deposit in databases such as ClinVar. By this means, Cada is an ideal reference tool for differential diagnostics in rare disorders that can also be updated regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Peng
- Institute for Genomic Statistics, University Bonn, 53129 Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Dieck
- Institute for Genomic Statistics, University Bonn, 53129 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmid
- Institute for Genomic Statistics, University Bonn, 53129 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ashar Ahmad
- Fraunhofer SCAI, Department of Bioinformatics, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Alexej Knaus
- Institute for Genomic Statistics, University Bonn, 53129 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maren Wenzel
- Genetikum Counseling Center, 70173 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Laura Mehnert
- Genetikum Counseling Center, 70173 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Birgit Zirn
- Genetikum Counseling Center, 70173 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Ossowski
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Brunet
- Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Nadja Ehmke
- Institute for Medical Genetics, Charité University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Magdalena Danyel
- Institute for Medical Genetics, Charité University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Holger Fröhlich
- Fraunhofer SCAI, Department of Bioinformatics, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
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7
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Liehr T, Fleischer N, Al-Rikabi A. Next-generation phenotyping in cat-eye syndrome based on computer-aided facial dysmorphology analysis of normal photographs. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1785. [PMID: 34432367 PMCID: PMC8580072 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ahmed Al-Rikabi
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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8
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Mak BC, Sanchez Russo R, Gambello MJ, Fleischer N, Black ED, Leslie E, Murphy MM, Mulle JG. Craniofacial features of 3q29 deletion syndrome: Application of next-generation phenotyping technology. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2094-2101. [PMID: 33938623 PMCID: PMC8250870 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
3q29 deletion syndrome (3q29del) is a recurrent deletion syndrome associated with neuropsychiatric disorders and congenital anomalies. Dysmorphic facial features have been described but not systematically characterized. This study aims to detail the 3q29del craniofacial phenotype and use a machine learning approach to categorize individuals with 3q29del through analysis of 2D photos. Detailed dysmorphology exam and 2D facial photos were ascertained from 31 individuals with 3q29del. Photos were used to train the next-generation phenotyping algorithm DeepGestalt (Face2Gene by FDNA, Inc, Boston, MA) to distinguish 3q29del cases from controls and all other recognized syndromes. Area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC-ROC) was used to determine the capacity of Face2Gene to identify 3q29del cases against controls. In this cohort, the most common observed craniofacial features were prominent forehead (48.4%), prominent nose tip (35.5%), and thin upper lip vermillion (25.8%). The FDNA technology showed an ability to distinguish cases from controls with an AUC-ROC value of 0.873 (p = 0.006) and led to the inclusion of 3q29del as one of the supported syndromes. This study found a recognizable facial pattern in 3q29del, as observed by trained clinical geneticists and next-generation phenotyping technology. These results expand the potential application of automated technology such as FDNA in identifying rare genetic syndromes, even when facial dysmorphology is subtle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Mak
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School, of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rossana Sanchez Russo
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School, of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J Gambello
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School, of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Emily D Black
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School, of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth Leslie
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School, of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melissa M Murphy
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School, of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School, of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer Gladys Mulle
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School, of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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9
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Zarate YA, Bosanko KA, Thomas MA, Miller DT, Cusmano-Ozog K, Martinez-Monseny A, Curry CJ, Graham JM, Velsher L, Bekheirnia MR, Seidel V, Dedousis D, Mitchell AL, DiMarino AM, Riess A, Balasubramanian M, Fish JL, Caffrey AR, Fleischer N, Pierson TM, Lacro RV. Growth, development, and phenotypic spectrum of individuals with deletions of 2q33.1 involving SATB2. Clin Genet 2021; 99:547-557. [PMID: 33381861 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SATB2-Associated syndrome (SAS) is an autosomal dominant, multisystemic, neurodevelopmental disorder due to alterations in SATB2 at 2q33.1. A limited number of individuals with 2q33.1 contiguous deletions encompassing SATB2 (ΔSAS) have been described in the literature. We describe 17 additional individuals with ΔSAS, review the phenotype of 33 previously published individuals with 2q33.1 deletions (n = 50, mean age = 8.5 ± 7.8 years), and provide a comprehensive comparison to individuals with other molecular mechanisms that result in SAS (non-ΔSAS). Individuals in the ΔSAS group were often underweight for age (20/41 = 49%) with a progressive decline in weight (95% CI = -2.3 to -1.1, p < 0.0001) and height (95% CI = -2.3 to -1.0, p < 0.0001) Z-score means from birth to last available measurement. ΔSAS individuals were often noted to have a broad spectrum of facial dysmorphism. A composite image of ΔSAS individuals generated by automated image analysis was distinct as compared to matched controls and non-ΔSAS individuals. We also present additional genotype-phenotype correlations for individuals in the ΔSAS group such as an increased risk for aortic root/ascending aorta dilation and primary pulmonary hypertension for those individuals with contiguous gene deletions that include COL3A1/COL5A2 and BMPR2, respectively. Based on these findings, we provide additional care recommendations for individuals with ΔSAS variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A Zarate
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Katherine A Bosanko
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mary Ann Thomas
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David T Miller
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristina Cusmano-Ozog
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Antonio Martinez-Monseny
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Rare Disease Paediatric Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cynthia J Curry
- Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco/Fresno, Fresno, California, USA
| | - John M Graham
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lea Velsher
- Genetics Division, North York General, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mir Reza Bekheirnia
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Veronica Seidel
- Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Demitrios Dedousis
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University Hospitals Center for Human Genetics, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anna L Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University Hospitals Center for Human Genetics, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy M DiMarino
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Angelika Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Medical faculty, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meena Balasubramanian
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jennifer L Fish
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Aisling R Caffrey
- Health Outcomes, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Tyler Mark Pierson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ronald V Lacro
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Körber L, Schneider H, Fleischer N, Maier-Wohlfart S. No evidence for preferential X-chromosome inactivation as the main cause of divergent phenotypes in sisters with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:98. [PMID: 33622384 PMCID: PMC7901220 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), a rare genetic disorder, affects the normal development of ectodermal derivatives, such as hair, skin, teeth, and sweat glands. It is caused by pathogenic variants of the gene EDA and defined by a triad of hypotrichosis, hypo- or anodontia, and hypo- or anhidrosis which may lead to life-threatening hyperthermia. Although female carriers are less severely affected than male patients, they display symptoms, too, with high phenotypic variability. This study aimed to elucidate whether phenotypic differences in female XLHED patients with identical EDA genotypes might be explained by deviating X-chromosome inactivation (XI) patterns. METHODS Six families, each consisting of two sisters with the same EDA variant and their parents (with either mother or father being carrier of the variant), participated in this study. XLHED-related data like sweating ability, dental status, facial dysmorphism, and skin issues were assessed. We determined the women`s individual XI patterns in peripheral blood leukocytes by the human androgen receptor assay and collated the results with phenotypic features. RESULTS The surprisingly large inter- and intrafamilial variability of symptoms in affected females was not explicable by the pathogenic variants. Our cohort showed no higher rate of nonrandom XI in peripheral blood leukocytes than the general female population. Furthermore, skewed XI patterns in favour of the mutated alleles were not associated with more severe phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence for preferential XI in female XLHED patients and no distinct correlation between XLHED-related phenotypic features and XI patterns. Phenotypic variability seems to be evoked by other genetic or epigenetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Körber
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holm Schneider
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Sigrun Maier-Wohlfart
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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11
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Brunet T, McWalter K, Mayerhanser K, Anbouba GM, Armstrong-Javors A, Bader I, Baugh E, Begtrup A, Bupp CP, Callewaert BL, Cereda A, Cousin MA, Del Rey Jimenez JC, Demmer L, Dsouza NR, Fleischer N, Gavrilova RH, Ghate S, Graf E, Green A, Green SR, Iascone M, Kdissa A, Klee D, Klee EW, Lancaster E, Lindstrom K, Mayr JA, McEntagart M, Meeks NJL, Mittag D, Moore H, Olsen AK, Ortiz D, Parsons G, Pena LDM, Person RE, Punj S, Ramos-Rivera GA, Sacoto MJG, Bradley Schaefer G, Schnur RE, Scott TM, Scott DA, Serbinski CR, Shashi V, Siu VM, Stadheim BF, Sullivan JA, Švantnerová J, Velsher L, Wargowski DS, Wentzensen IM, Wieczorek D, Winkelmann J, Yap P, Zech M, Zimmermann MT, Meitinger T, Distelmaier F, Wagner M. Defining the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of X-linked MSL3-related disorder. Genet Med 2020; 23:384-395. [PMID: 33173220 PMCID: PMC7862064 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-00993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We sought to delineate the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of female and male individuals with X-linked, MSL3-related disorder (Basilicata–Akhtar syndrome). Methods Twenty-five individuals (15 males, 10 females) with causative variants in MSL3 were ascertained through exome or genome sequencing at ten different sequencing centers. Results We identified multiple variant types in MSL3 (ten nonsense, six frameshift, four splice site, three missense, one in-frame-deletion, one multi-exon deletion), most proven to be de novo, and clustering in the terminal eight exons suggesting that truncating variants in the first five exons might be compensated by an alternative MSL3 transcript. Three-dimensional modeling of missense and splice variants indicated that these have a deleterious effect. The main clinical findings comprised developmental delay and intellectual disability ranging from mild to severe. Autism spectrum disorder, muscle tone abnormalities, and macrocephaly were common as well as hearing impairment and gastrointestinal problems. Hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis emerged as a consistent magnetic resonance image (MRI) finding. Females and males were equally affected. Using facial analysis technology, a recognizable facial gestalt was determined. Conclusion Our aggregated data illustrate the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of X-linked, MSL3-related disorder (Basilicata–Akhtar syndrome). Our cohort improves the understanding of disease related morbidity and allows us to propose detailed surveillance guidelines for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Brunet
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | - Grace M Anbouba
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy Armstrong-Javors
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingrid Bader
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Evan Baugh
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Caleb P Bupp
- Medical Genetics, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bert L Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna Cereda
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Margot A Cousin
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Laurie Demmer
- Medical Genetics, Atrium Health Levine Children's Hospital, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Nikita R Dsouza
- Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, Genomics Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Ralitza H Gavrilova
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sumedha Ghate
- St Vincent Hospital Medical Genetics Clinic, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew Green
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah R Green
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Springdale, AR, USA
| | - Maria Iascone
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Dirk Klee
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emily Lancaster
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristin Lindstrom
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, Salzburger Landeskliniken and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Meriel McEntagart
- Medical Genetics, St George's University Hospitals NHS FT, London, UK
| | - Naomi J L Meeks
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dana Mittag
- Medical Genetics, Atrium Health Levine Children's Hospital, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Harrison Moore
- INTEGRIS Pediatric Specialties/Medical Genetics, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anne K Olsen
- Department of Pediatric, Soerlandet Sykehus Kristiansand, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Damara Ortiz
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gretchen Parsons
- Medical Genetics, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Loren D M Pena
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - G Bradley Schaefer
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Springdale, AR, USA
| | | | - Tiana M Scott
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carolyn R Serbinski
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Victoria M Siu
- Department of Pediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer A Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jana Švantnerová
- Second Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lea Velsher
- Genetics Program, North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David S Wargowski
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,St Vincent Hospital Medical Genetics Clinic, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | | | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Neurogenetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Yap
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand (Northern Hub), Auckland, New Zealand.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael T Zimmermann
- Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, Genomics Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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12
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Pascolini G, Valiante M, Bottillo I, Laino L, Fleischer N, Ferraris A, Grammatico P. Answer to Letter to the Editor regarding the article “Striking phenotypic overlap between Nicolaides-Baraitser and Coffin-Siris syndromes in monozygotic twins with ARID1B intragenic deletion”. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103993. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Tekendo-Ngongang C, Owosela B, Fleischer N, Addissie YA, Malonga B, Badoe E, Gupta N, Moresco A, Huckstadt V, Ashaat EA, Hussen DF, Luk HM, Lo IFM, Hon-Yin Chung B, Fung JLF, Moretti-Ferreira D, Batista LC, Lotz-Esquivel S, Saborio-Rocafort M, Badilla-Porras R, Penon Portmann M, Jones KL, Abdul-Rahman OA, Uwineza A, Prijoles EJ, Ifeorah IK, Llamos Paneque A, Sirisena ND, Dowsett L, Lee S, Cappuccio G, Kitchin CS, Diaz-Kuan A, Thong MK, Obregon MG, Mutesa L, Dissanayake VHW, El Ruby MO, Brunetti-Pierri N, Ekure EN, Stevenson RE, Muenke M, Kruszka P. Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome in diverse populations. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2939-2950. [PMID: 32985117 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is an autosomal dominant disorder, caused by loss-of-function variants in CREBBP or EP300. Affected individuals present with distinctive craniofacial features, broad thumbs and/or halluces, and intellectual disability. RSTS phenotype has been well characterized in individuals of European descent but not in other populations. In this study, individuals from diverse populations with RSTS were assessed by clinical examination and facial analysis technology. Clinical data of 38 individuals from 14 different countries were analyzed. The median age was 7 years (age range: 7 months to 47 years), and 63% were females. The most common phenotypic features in all population groups included broad thumbs and/or halluces in 97%, convex nasal ridge in 94%, and arched eyebrows in 92%. Face images of 87 individuals with RSTS (age range: 2 months to 47 years) were collected for evaluation using facial analysis technology. We compared images from 82 individuals with RSTS against 82 age- and sex-matched controls and obtained an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.99 (p < .001), demonstrating excellent discrimination efficacy. The discrimination was, however, poor in the African group (AUC: 0.79; p = .145). Individuals with EP300 variants were more effectively discriminated (AUC: 0.95) compared with those with CREBBP variants (AUC: 0.93). This study shows that clinical examination combined with facial analysis technology may enable earlier and improved diagnosis of RSTS in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedrik Tekendo-Ngongang
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Babajide Owosela
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Yonit A Addissie
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryan Malonga
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ebenezer Badoe
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana
| | - Neerja Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Angélica Moresco
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Huckstadt
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Engy A Ashaat
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Farouk Hussen
- Cytogenetic Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ho-Ming Luk
- Department of Health, Clinical Genetic Service, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan F M Lo
- Department of Health, Clinical Genetic Service, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian Hon-Yin Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jasmine L F Fung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danilo Moretti-Ferreira
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Cassimiro Batista
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Lotz-Esquivel
- Rare and Orphan Disease Multidisciplinary Clinic, Hospital San Juan de Dios (CCSS), San José, Costa Rica
| | - Manuel Saborio-Rocafort
- Medical Genetics and Metabolism Department, National Children's Hospital "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera" (CCSS), San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ramses Badilla-Porras
- Medical Genetics and Metabolism Department, National Children's Hospital "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera" (CCSS), San José, Costa Rica
| | - Monica Penon Portmann
- Medical Genetics and Metabolism Department, National Children's Hospital "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera" (CCSS), San José, Costa Rica.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics & Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kelly L Jones
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Omar A Abdul-Rahman
- Munroe-Meyer institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Annette Uwineza
- Centre for Human Genetics, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | - Arianne Llamos Paneque
- Medical Genetics Service, Specialty Hospital of the Armed Forces No. 1, International University of Ecuador, Sciences of Life Faculty, School of Dentistry, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Nirmala D Sirisena
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Leah Dowsett
- Kapi'olani Medical Center and University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Sansan Lee
- Kapi'olani Medical Center and University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Carolyn Sian Kitchin
- Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Meow-Keong Thong
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Leon Mutesa
- Centre for Human Genetics, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Mona O El Ruby
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Ekanem Nsikak Ekure
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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14
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Gomez DA, Bird LM, Fleischer N, Abdul-Rahman OA. Differentiating molecular etiologies of Angelman syndrome through facial phenotyping using deep learning. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2021-2026. [PMID: 32524756 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is caused by several genetic mechanisms that impair the expression of maternally-inherited UBE3A through deletions, paternal uniparental disomy (UPD), UBE3A pathogenic variants, or imprinting defects. Current methods of differentiating the etiology require molecular testing, which is sometimes difficult to obtain. Recently, computer-based facial analysis systems have been used to assist in identifying genetic conditions based on facial phenotypes. We sought to understand if the facial-recognition system DeepGestalt could find differences in phenotype between molecular subtypes of AS. Images and molecular data on 261 individuals with AS ranging from 10 months through 32 years were analyzed by DeepGestalt in a cross-validation model with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves generated. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC for each molecular subtype was compared and ranked from least to greatest differentiable phenotype. We determined that DeepGestalt demonstrated a high degree of discrimination between the deletion subtype and UPD or imprinting defects, and a lower degree of discrimination with the UBE3A pathogenic variants subtype. Our findings suggest that DeepGestalt can recognize subclinical differences in phenotype based on etiology and may provide decision support for testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Gomez
- College of Arts and Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lynne M Bird
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Division of Genetics/Dysmorphology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Omar A Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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15
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Pascolini G, Agolini E, Fleischer N, Gulotta E, Cesario C, D'Elia G, Novelli A, Majore S, Grammatico P. A novel patient with White-Sutton syndrome refines the mutational and clinical repertoire of the POGZ-related phenotype and suggests further observations. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1791-1795. [PMID: 32359026 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A rare developmental delay (DD)/intellectual disability (ID) syndrome with craniofacial dysmorphisms and autistic features, termed White-Sutton syndrome (WHSUS, MIM#614787), has been recently described, identifying truncating mutations in the chromatin regulator POGZ (KIAA0461, MIM#614787). We describe a further WHSUS patient harboring a novel nonsense de novo POGZ variant, which afflicts a protein domain with transposase activity less frequently impacted by mutational events (DDE domain). This patient displays additional physical and behavioral features, these latter mimicking Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS, MIM#182290). Considering sleep-wake cycle anomalies and abnormal behavior manifested by this boy, we reinforced the clinical resemblance between WHSUS and SMS, being both chromatinopathies. In addition, using the DeepGestalt technology, we identified a different facial overlap between WHSUS patients with mutations in the DDE domain (Group 1) and individuals harboring variants in other protein domains/regions (Group 2). This report further delineates the clinical and molecular repertoire of the POGZ-related phenotype, adding a novel patient with uncommon clinical and behavioral features and provides the first computer-aided facial study of WHSUS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pascolini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Gulotta
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, Local Health District RM2, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cesario
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma D'Elia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Majore
- Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Grammatico
- Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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16
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Kumps C, Campos-Xavier B, Hilhorst-Hofstee Y, Marcelis C, Kraenzlin M, Fleischer N, Unger S, Superti-Furga A. The Connective Tissue Disorder Associated with Recessive Variants in the SLC39A13 Zinc Transporter Gene (Spondylo-Dysplastic Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type 3): Insights from Four Novel Patients and Follow-Up on Two Original Cases. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040420. [PMID: 32295219 PMCID: PMC7231014 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive loss-of-function variants in SLC39A13, a putative zinc transporter gene, were first associated with a connective tissue disorder that is now called “Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, spondylodysplastic form type 3” (SCD-EDS, OMIM 612350) in 2008. Nine individuals have been described. We describe here four additional affected individuals from three consanguineous families and the follow up of two of the original cases. In our series, cardinal findings included thin and finely wrinkled skin of the hands and feet, characteristic facial features with downslanting palpebral fissures, mild hypertelorism, prominent eyes with a paucity of periorbital fat, blueish sclerae, microdontia, or oligodontia, and—in contrast to most types of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome—significant short stature of childhood onset. Mild radiographic changes were observed, among which platyspondyly is a useful diagnostic feature. Two of our patients developed severe keratoconus, and two suffered from cerebrovascular accidents in their twenties, suggesting that there may be a vascular component to this condition. All patients tested had a significantly reduced ratio of the two collagen-derived crosslink derivates, pyridinoline-to-deoxypyridinoline, in urine, suggesting that this simple test is diagnostically useful. Additionally, analysis of the facial features of affected individuals by DeepGestalt technology confirmed their specificity and may be sufficient to suggest the diagnosis directly. Given that the clinical presentation in childhood consists mainly of short stature and characteristic facial features, the differential diagnosis is not necessarily that of a connective tissue disorder and therefore, we propose that SLC39A13 is included in gene panels designed to address dysmorphism and short stature. This approach may result in more efficient diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Kumps
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.K.); (B.C.-X.); (S.U.)
| | - Belinda Campos-Xavier
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.K.); (B.C.-X.); (S.U.)
| | - Yvonne Hilhorst-Hofstee
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Carlo Marcelis
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Marius Kraenzlin
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | | | - Sheila Unger
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.K.); (B.C.-X.); (S.U.)
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.K.); (B.C.-X.); (S.U.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Pode-Shakked B, Finezilber Y, Levi Y, Liber S, Fleischer N, Greenbaum L, Raas-Rothschild A. Shared facial phenotype of patients with mucolipidosis type IV: A clinical observation reaffirmed by next generation phenotyping. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103927. [PMID: 32298796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucolipidosis type IV (ML-IV) is a rare autosomal-recessive lysosomal storage disease, caused by mutations in MCOLN1. ML-IV manifests with developmental delay, esotropia and corneal clouding. While the clinical phenotype is well-described, the diagnosis of ML-IV is often challenging and elusive. OBJECTIVE Our experience with ML-IV patients brought to the clinical observation that they share common and identifiable facial features, not yet described in the literature to date. Here, we utilized a computerized facial analysis tool to establish this association. METHODS Using the DeepGestalt algorithm, 50 two-dimensional facial images of ten ML-IV patients were analyzed, and compared to unaffected controls (n = 98) and to individuals affected with other genetic disorders (n = 99). Results were expressed in terms of the area-under-the-curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (ROC). RESULTS When compared to unaffected cases and to cases diagnosed with syndromes other than ML-IV, the ML-IV cohort showed an AUC of 0.822 (p value < 0.01) and an AUC of 0.885 (p value < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We describe recognizable facial features typical in patients with ML-IV. Reaffirmed by the DeepGestalt technology, the described common facial phenotype adds to the tools currently available for clinicians and may thus assist in reaching an earlier diagnosis of this rare and underdiagnosed disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Pode-Shakked
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; The Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Finezilber
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yonit Levi
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shiri Liber
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Annick Raas-Rothschild
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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18
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Kruszka P, Addissie YA, Tekendo-Ngongang C, Jones KL, Savage SK, Gupta N, Sirisena ND, Cerda TEA, Nampoothiri S, Girisha KM, Patil SJ, Jamuar SS, Utari A, Sihombing N, Mishra R, Chitrakar NS, Iriele B, Lulseged E, Megarbane A, Uwineza A, Roque MMD, Thong MK, Moresco A, Obregon MG, Ling TY, Mok GTK, Fleischer N, Rwegerera G, de Herreros MB, Watts J, Fieggen K, Farouk D, Ashaat NA, Chung BH, Badoe E, Faradz SMH, El-Ruby M, Shotelersuk V, Wonkam A, Ekure EN, Richieri-Costa A, Muenke M. Turner syndrome in diverse populations. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:303-313. [PMID: 31854143 PMCID: PMC8141514 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is a common multiple congenital anomaly syndrome resulting from complete or partial absence of the second X chromosome. In this study, we explore the phenotype of TS in diverse populations using clinical examination and facial analysis technology. Clinical data from 78 individuals and images from 108 individuals with TS from 19 different countries were analyzed. Individuals were grouped into categories of African descent (African), Asian, Latin American, Caucasian (European descent), and Middle Eastern. The most common phenotype features across all population groups were short stature (86%), cubitus valgus (76%), and low posterior hairline 70%. Two facial analysis technology experiments were conducted: TS versus general population and TS versus Noonan syndrome. Across all ethnicities, facial analysis was accurate in diagnosing TS from frontal facial images as measured by the area under the curve (AUC). An AUC of 0.903 (p < .001) was found for TS versus general population controls and 0.925 (p < .001) for TS versus individuals with Noonan syndrome. In summary, we present consistent clinical findings from global populations with TS and additionally demonstrate that facial analysis technology can accurately distinguish TS from the general population and Noonan syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yonit A. Addissie
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cedrik Tekendo-Ngongang
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kelly L. Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of The King’s Daughter, Norfolk, VA
| | | | - Neerja Gupta
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirmala D. Sirisena
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Kerala, India
| | - Katta M. Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | | | | | - Agustini Utari
- Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Nydia Sihombing
- Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Rupesh Mishra
- Division of Human Genetics, Civil Service Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Brenda Iriele
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ezana Lulseged
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Annette Uwineza
- University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Center of Human Genetics, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Meow-Keong Thong
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Angélica Moresco
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Tung Yuet Ling
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary TK Mok
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - María Beatriz de Herreros
- National Secretariat for the Rights of People with Disabilities (SENADIS), Fernando de la Mora, Paraguay
| | - Jonathan Watts
- Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Helath Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen Fieggen
- Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Helath Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dalia Farouk
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Center of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neveen A. Ashaat
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Center of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Brian H.Y. Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eden Badoe
- Department of Child Health, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sultana MH Faradz
- Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Mona El-Ruby
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Center of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ambroise Wonkam
- Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Helath Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ekanem Nsikak Ekure
- Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Antonio Richieri-Costa
- Hospital for the Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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19
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Pascolini G, Valiante M, Bottillo I, Laino L, Fleischer N, Ferraris A, Grammatico P. Striking phenotypic overlap between Nicolaides-Baraitser and Coffin-Siris syndromes in monozygotic twins with ARID1B intragenic deletion. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103739. [PMID: 31421289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The chromatin remodeling AT-Rich interaction domain containing 1B protein (ARID1B) also known as BAF-associated factor, 250-KD, B (BAF250B) codified by the ARID1B gene (MIM#614556), is a small subunit of the mammalian SWI/SNF or BAF complex, an ATP-dependent protein machinery which is able to activate or repress gene transcription, allowing protein access to histones through DNA relaxed conformation. ARID1B gene mutations have been associated with two hereditary syndromic conditions, namely Coffin-Siris (CSS, MIM#135900) and Nicolaides-Baraitser syndromes (NCBRS, MIM#601358), characterized by neurodevelopment delay, craniofacial dysmorphisms and skeletal anomalies. Furthermore, intellectual impairment and central nervous system (CNS) alterations, comprising abnormal corpus callosum, have been associated with mutations in this gene. Moreover, ARID1B anomalies resulted to be involved in neoplastic events and Hirschprung disease. Here we report on two monozygotic male twins, displaying clinical appearance strikingly resembling NCBRS and CSS phenotype, who resulted carriers of a novel 6q25.3 microdeletion, encompassing only part of the ARID1B gene. The deleted segment was not inherited from the only parent tested and afflicted the first exons of the gene, coding for protein disordered region. We also provide, for the first time, a review of previously published ARID1B mutated patients with NCBRS and CSS phenotype and a computer-assisted dysmorphology analysis of NCBRS and ARID1B related CSS individuals, through the Face2Gene suite, confirming the existence of highly overlapping facial gestalt of both conditions. The present findings indicate that ARID1B could be considered a contributing gene not only in CSS but also in NCBRS phenotype, although the main gene related to this latter condition is the SMARCA2 gene (MIM#600014), another component of the BAF complex. So, ARID1B study should be considered in such individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pascolini
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Michele Valiante
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Bottillo
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Laino
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Ferraris
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Grammatico
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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20
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Kruszka P, Hu T, Hong S, Signer R, Cogné B, Isidor B, Mazzola SE, Giltay JC, van Gassen KLI, England EM, Pais L, Ockeloen CW, Sanchez-Lara PA, Kinning E, Adams DJ, Treat K, Torres-Martinez W, Bedeschi MF, Iascone M, Blaney S, Bell O, Tan TY, Delrue MA, Jurgens J, Barry BJ, Engle EC, Savage SK, Fleischer N, Martinez-Agosto JA, Boycott K, Zackai EH, Muenke M. Phenotype delineation of ZNF462 related syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2075-2082. [PMID: 31361404 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 462 (ZNF462) is a relatively newly discovered vertebrate specific protein with known critical roles in embryonic development in animal models. Two case reports and a case series study have described the phenotype of 10 individuals with ZNF462 loss of function variants. Herein, we present 14 new individuals with loss of function variants to the previous studies to delineate the syndrome of loss of function in ZNF462. Collectively, these 24 individuals present with recurring phenotypes that define a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome. Most have some form of developmental delay (79%) and a minority has autism spectrum disorder (33%). Characteristic facial features include ptosis (83%), down slanting palpebral fissures (58%), exaggerated Cupid's bow/wide philtrum (54%), and arched eyebrows (50%). Metopic ridging or craniosynostosis was found in a third of study participants and feeding problems in half. Other phenotype characteristics include dysgenesis of the corpus callosum in 25% of individuals, hypotonia in half, and structural heart defects in 21%. Using facial analysis technology, a computer algorithm applying deep learning was able to accurately differentiate individuals with ZNF462 loss of function variants from individuals with Noonan syndrome and healthy controls. In summary, we describe a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome associated with haploinsufficiency of ZNF462 that has distinct clinical characteristics and facial features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tommy Hu
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sungkook Hong
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rebecca Signer
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Service de génétique médicale, Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Betrand Isidor
- Service de génétique médicale, Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Sarah E Mazzola
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacques C Giltay
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen L I van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eleina M England
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lynn Pais
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Charlotte W Ockeloen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro A Sanchez-Lara
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Esther Kinning
- West of Scotland Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth Hospitals, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Darius J Adams
- Personalized Genomic Medicine and Pediatric Genetics, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey
| | - Kayla Treat
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Maria F Bedeschi
- Medical Genetic Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Stephanie Blaney
- Genetics, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, and Sexual Health, Algoma Public Health, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver Bell
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tiong Y Tan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie-Ange Delrue
- Département de pédiatrie, Service de génétique médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Jurgens
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brenda J Barry
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Julian A Martinez-Agosto
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kym Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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21
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Carli D, Giorgio E, Pantaleoni F, Bruselles A, Barresi S, Riberi E, Licciardi F, Gazzin A, Baldassarre G, Pizzi S, Niceta M, Radio FC, Molinatto C, Montin D, Calvo PL, Ciolfi A, Fleischer N, Ferrero GB, Brusco A, Tartaglia M. Front Cover, Volume 40, Issue 6. Hum Mutat 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Carli
- Department of Public Health and PediatricsUniversity of TorinoTorino Italy
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorino Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSSRome Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSSRome Italy
| | - Evelise Riberi
- Department of Public Health and PediatricsUniversity of TorinoTorino Italy
| | | | - Andrea Gazzin
- Department of Public Health and PediatricsUniversity of TorinoTorino Italy
| | | | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSSRome Italy
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSSRome Italy
| | - Francesca C. Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSSRome Italy
| | - Cristina Molinatto
- Department of Public Health and PediatricsUniversity of TorinoTorino Italy
| | - Davide Montin
- Department of Public Health and PediatricsUniversity of TorinoTorino Italy
| | - Pier L. Calvo
- Pediatric Gastroenterology UnitCittà della Salute e della Scienza University HospitalTorino Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSSRome Italy
| | | | | | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorino Italy
- Medical Genetics UnitCittà della Salute e della Scienza University HospitalTorino Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSSRome Italy
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22
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Pascolini G, Fleischer N, Ferraris A, Majore S, Grammatico P. The facial dysmorphology analysis technology in intellectual disability syndromes related to defects in the histones modifiers. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:721-728. [PMID: 31086247 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic syndromes are frequently associated with Intellectual Disability (ID), as well as craniofacial dysmorphisms. A group of ID syndromes with typical abnormal face related to chromatin remodeling defects, have been recognized, coining the term chromatinopathies. This is a molecular heterogeneous subset of congenital disorders caused by mutations of the various components of the Chromatin-Marking System (CMS), including modifiers of DNA and chromatin remodelers. We performed a phenotypic study on a sample of 120 individuals harboring variants in genes codifying for the histones enzymes, using the DeepGestalt technology. Three experiments (two multiclass comparison experiments and a frontal face-crop analysis) were conducted, analyzing respectively a total of 181 pediatric images in the first comparison experiment and 180 in the second, all individuals belonging predominantly to Caucasian population. The classification results were expressed in terms of the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (ROC). Significant values of AUC and low p-values were registered for all syndromes in the three experiments, in comparison with each other, with other ID syndromes characterized by recognizable craniofacial dysmorphisms and with unaffected controls. Final findings indicated that this group of diseases is characterized by distinctive dysmorphisms, which result pathognomonic. A correct interrogation and use of adequate informatics aids, could become a valid support for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pascolini
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandro Ferraris
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Majore
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Grammatico
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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23
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Carli D, Giorgio E, Pantaleoni F, Bruselles A, Barresi S, Riberi E, Licciardi F, Gazzin A, Baldassarre G, Pizzi S, Niceta M, Radio FC, Molinatto C, Montin D, Calvo PL, Ciolfi A, Fleischer N, Ferrero GB, Brusco A, Tartaglia M. NBAS
pathogenic variants: Defining the associated clinical and facial phenotype and genotype–phenotype correlations. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:721-728. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Carli
- Department of Public Health and PediatricsUniversity of TorinoTorino Italy
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorino Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSSRome Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSSRome Italy
| | - Evelise Riberi
- Department of Public Health and PediatricsUniversity of TorinoTorino Italy
| | | | - Andrea Gazzin
- Department of Public Health and PediatricsUniversity of TorinoTorino Italy
| | | | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSSRome Italy
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSSRome Italy
| | - Francesca C. Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSSRome Italy
| | - Cristina Molinatto
- Department of Public Health and PediatricsUniversity of TorinoTorino Italy
| | - Davide Montin
- Department of Public Health and PediatricsUniversity of TorinoTorino Italy
| | - Pier L. Calvo
- Pediatric Gastroenterology UnitCittà della Salute e della Scienza University HospitalTorino Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSSRome Italy
| | | | | | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorino Italy
- Medical Genetics UnitCittà della Salute e della Scienza University HospitalTorino Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSSRome Italy
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24
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Pantel JT, Zhao M, Mensah MA, Hajjir N, Hsieh TC, Hanani Y, Fleischer N, Kamphans T, Mundlos S, Gurovich Y, Krawitz PM. Advances in computer-assisted syndrome recognition by the example of inborn errors of metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:533-539. [PMID: 29623569 PMCID: PMC5959962 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Significant improvements in automated image analysis have been achieved in recent years and tools are now increasingly being used in computer-assisted syndromology. However, the ability to recognize a syndromic facial gestalt might depend on the syndrome and may also be confounded by severity of phenotype, size of available training sets, ethnicity, age, and sex. Therefore, benchmarking and comparing the performance of deep-learned classification processes is inherently difficult. For a systematic analysis of these influencing factors we chose the lysosomal storage diseases mucolipidosis as well as mucopolysaccharidosis type I and II that are known for their wide and overlapping phenotypic spectra. For a dysmorphic comparison we used Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome as another inborn error of metabolism and Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome as another disorder that is also characterized by coarse facies. A classifier that was trained on these five cohorts, comprising 289 patients in total, achieved a mean accuracy of 62%. We also developed a simulation framework to analyze the effect of potential confounders, such as cohort size, age, sex, or ethnic background on the distinguishability of phenotypes. We found that the true positive rate increases for all analyzed disorders for growing cohorts (n = [10...40]) while ethnicity and sex have no significant influence. The dynamics of the accuracies strongly suggest that the maximum distinguishability is a phenotype-specific value, which has not been reached yet for any of the studied disorders. This should also be a motivation to further intensify data sharing efforts, as computer-assisted syndrome classification can still be improved by enlarging the available training sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean T Pantel
- Institute of Human Genetics and Medical Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Zhao
- Institute of Human Genetics and Medical Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin A Mensah
- Institute of Human Genetics and Medical Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nurulhuda Hajjir
- Institute of Human Genetics and Medical Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tzung-Chien Hsieh
- Institute of Human Genetics and Medical Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institute of Human Genetics and Medical Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Peter M Krawitz
- Institute of Human Genetics and Medical Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- GeneTalk, Bonn, Germany.
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25
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Knaus A, Pantel JT, Pendziwiat M, Hajjir N, Zhao M, Hsieh TC, Schubach M, Gurovich Y, Fleischer N, Jäger M, Köhler S, Muhle H, Korff C, Møller RS, Bayat A, Calvas P, Chassaing N, Warren H, Skinner S, Louie R, Evers C, Bohn M, Christen HJ, van den Born M, Obersztyn E, Charzewska A, Endziniene M, Kortüm F, Brown N, Robinson PN, Schelhaas HJ, Weber Y, Helbig I, Mundlos S, Horn D, Krawitz PM. Characterization of glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects by clinical features, flow cytometry, and automated image analysis. Genome Med 2018; 10:3. [PMID: 29310717 PMCID: PMC5759841 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects (GPIBDs) cause a group of phenotypically overlapping recessive syndromes with intellectual disability, for which pathogenic mutations have been described in 16 genes of the corresponding molecular pathway. An elevated serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP), a GPI-linked enzyme, has been used to assign GPIBDs to the phenotypic series of hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome (HPMRS) and to distinguish them from another subset of GPIBDs, termed multiple congenital anomalies hypotonia seizures syndrome (MCAHS). However, the increasing number of individuals with a GPIBD shows that hyperphosphatasia is a variable feature that is not ideal for a clinical classification. Methods We studied the discriminatory power of multiple GPI-linked substrates that were assessed by flow cytometry in blood cells and fibroblasts of 39 and 14 individuals with a GPIBD, respectively. On the phenotypic level, we evaluated the frequency of occurrence of clinical symptoms and analyzed the performance of computer-assisted image analysis of the facial gestalt in 91 individuals. Results We found that certain malformations such as Morbus Hirschsprung and diaphragmatic defects are more likely to be associated with particular gene defects (PIGV, PGAP3, PIGN). However, especially at the severe end of the clinical spectrum of HPMRS, there is a high phenotypic overlap with MCAHS. Elevation of AP has also been documented in some of the individuals with MCAHS, namely those with PIGA mutations. Although the impairment of GPI-linked substrates is supposed to play the key role in the pathophysiology of GPIBDs, we could not observe gene-specific profiles for flow cytometric markers or a correlation between their cell surface levels and the severity of the phenotype. In contrast, it was facial recognition software that achieved the highest accuracy in predicting the disease-causing gene in a GPIBD. Conclusions Due to the overlapping clinical spectrum of both HPMRS and MCAHS in the majority of affected individuals, the elevation of AP and the reduced surface levels of GPI-linked markers in both groups, a common classification as GPIBDs is recommended. The effectiveness of computer-assisted gestalt analysis for the correct gene inference in a GPIBD and probably beyond is remarkable and illustrates how the information contained in human faces is pivotal in the delineation of genetic entities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0510-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexej Knaus
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean Tori Pantel
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nurulhuda Hajjir
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Zhao
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tzung-Chien Hsieh
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Schubach
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Marten Jäger
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Muhle
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Korff
- Unité de Neuropédiatrie, Université de Genève, CH-1211, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Danish Epilepsy Centre, DK-4293, Dianalund, Denmark.,Institute for Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Allan Bayat
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Hvidovre, 2650, Hvicovre, Denmark
| | - Patrick Calvas
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Christina Evers
- Genetische Poliklinik, Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Bohn
- St. Bernward Krankenhaus, 31134, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Christen
- Kinderkrankenhaus auf der Bult, Hannoversche Kinderheilanstalt, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ewa Obersztyn
- Institute of Mother and Child Department of Molecular Genetics, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Charzewska
- Institute of Mother and Child Department of Molecular Genetics, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milda Endziniene
- Neurology Department, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Fanny Kortüm
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natasha Brown
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, MCRI, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Peter N Robinson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 06032, Farmington, USA
| | - Helenius J Schelhaas
- Departement of Neurology, Academic Center for Epileptology, 5590, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Weber
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter M Krawitz
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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26
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Täubner C, Mathiak B, Kupfer A, Fleischer N, Eckstein S. Modelling and simulation of the TLR4 pathway with coloured petri nets. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2008; 2006:2009-12. [PMID: 17945690 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2006.259902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the first steps of an automation process to develop models of signal transduction pathways using discrete modelling languages. The whole approach consists of modelling, validation, animation, linking databases to simulation tools and also the qualitative analysis of the data. In this paper, we detail the modelling and simulation of the TLR4 pathway with a coloured petri net simulation tool and the validation of this model against the semantic and mechanistic map from a biological database. These graphical maps contain all necessary reactions as a figure. We start with an UML class diagram to understand the static structure of molecules involved in the TLR4 pathway. Afterwards we model and simulate each "pathway step reaction" - one after another - to get the behaviour of the final system. The result is a model of the pathway which can be used in simulations, derived solely from basic chemical reactions in the database. Also, it is a lesson on critical points where human decision-making is needed, because not all the required information is stored directly in the database.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Täubner
- Inst. of Inf. Syst., Technische Univ. Braunschweig
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27
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine factors associated with diabetes, insulin resistance, and abnormal glucose tolerance in older men with or at risk of HIV infection. METHODS Diabetes was assessed by self-report in 643 men >or=49 years old with or at risk of HIV infection. In a subset of 216 men without previously diagnosed diabetes [including 90 HIV-uninfected men, 28 HIV-infected, antiretroviral-naive men, 28 HIV-infected men taking non-protease inhibitor (PI)-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and 70 HIV-infected men taking PI-containing HAART], an oral glucose tolerance test with insulin levels was performed. HIV serology, CD4 cell count, weight, height and waist circumference were measured. Antiretroviral use, drug use, family history of diabetes, physical activity and sociodemographic data were obtained using standardized interviews. RESULTS Of 643 participants, 116 (18%) had previously diagnosed diabetes. With the oral glucose tolerance test, 15 of 216 men (7%) were found to have undiagnosed diabetes and 40 (18%) impaired glucose tolerance. Factors independently associated with previously diagnosed diabetes included use of non-PI-containing HAART, methadone treatment, positive CAGE test for alcoholism, obesity and family history of diabetes. Factors independently associated with greater insulin resistance included waist circumference and heroin use. Factors independently associated with abnormal glucose tolerance (impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes) included age >or=55 years and Hispanic ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS HIV-infected men with diabetes risk factors should undergo screening for diabetes regardless of HAART use. Interventions targeting modifiable risk factors, including overweight and physical inactivity, are warranted. The potential impact of opiate and alcohol abuse on glucose metabolism should be recognized in clinical care, and addressed in future research studies of HIV-infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Howard
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
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28
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Rapoport L, Fleischer N, Tenne R. Applications of WS2(MoS2) inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like nanoparticles for solid lubrication and for structural nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b417488g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Milo-Landesman D, Surana M, Berkovich I, Compagni A, Christofori G, Fleischer N, Efrat S. Correction of hyperglycemia in diabetic mice transplanted with reversibly immortalized pancreatic beta cells controlled by the tet-on regulatory system. Cell Transplant 2002; 10:645-50. [PMID: 11714200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cell lines may offer an abundant source of cells for beta-cell replacement in type I diabetes. Using regulatory elements of the bacterial tetracycline (tet) operon for conditional expression of SV40 T antigen oncoprotein in transgenic mouse beta cells, we have shown that reversible immortalization is an efficient approach for regulated beta-cell expansion, accompanied by enhanced cell differentiation upon growth arrest. The original system employed the tet-off approach, in which the cells proliferate in the absence of tet ligands and undergo growth arrest in their presence. The disadvantage of this system is the need for continuous treatment with the ligand in vivo for maintaining growth arrest. Here we utilized the tet-on regulatory system to generate beta cell lines in which proliferation is regulated in reverse: these cells divide in the presence of tet ligands, and undergo growth arrest in their absence, as judged by [3H]thymidine and BrdU incorporation assays. These cell lines were derived from insulinomas, which heritably developed in transgenic mice continuously treated with the tet derivative doxycycline (dox). The cells produce and secrete high amounts of insulin, and can restore and maintain euglycemia in syngeneic streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice in the absence of dox. Such a system is more suitable for transplantation, compared with cells regulated by the tet-off approach, because ligand treatment is limited to cell expansion in culture and is not required for long-term maintenance of growth arrest in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Milo-Landesman
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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30
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Abstract
The demonstration of leptin receptors on the pancreatic beta-cells suggests the possibility of direct actions of leptin on insulin secretion. In vitro studies on islets or perfused pancreas and beta-cell lines produced inconsistent results. We performed an in vivo study to distinctly examine whether leptin has an effect on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Young chronically catheterized Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 28) were subjected to a 4-h hyperglycemic clamp study (approximately 11 mmol/l). At minute 120 to 240, rats were assigned to receive either saline or leptin (0.1, 0.5, and 5 microg x kg(-1) x min) infusion. Leptin decreased plasma insulin levels abruptly, and an approximately twofold decrease in plasma insulin levels compared with saline control was sustained over the 2 h of the study (14.8 +/- 5.8 vs. 34.8 +/- 2.6 ng/ml with leptin and saline infusion, respectively, P < 0.001). Moreover, a dose-dependent decrease in plasma insulin levels was noted (r = -0.731, P < 0.01). Since milrinone, an inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3, did not reverse the effect of leptin on glucose-induced insulin secretion, its action may be independent of PDE3. These findings suggest that acute physiological increase in plasma leptin levels acutely and significantly inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo. The site of leptin effects on insulin secretion remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cases
- Diabetes Research and Training Center and the Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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31
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Sooy K, Schermerhorn T, Noda M, Surana M, Rhoten WB, Meyer M, Fleischer N, Sharp GW, Christakos S. Calbindin-D(28k) controls [Ca(2+)](i) and insulin release. Evidence obtained from calbindin-d(28k) knockout mice and beta cell lines. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:34343-9. [PMID: 10567411 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.48.34343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the calcium-binding protein, calbindin-D(28k) in potassium/depolarization-stimulated increases in the cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and insulin release was investigated in pancreatic islets from calbindin-D(28k) nullmutant mice (knockouts; KO) or wild type mice and beta cell lines stably transfected and overexpressing calbindin. Using single islets from KO mice and stimulation with 45 mM KCl, the peak of [Ca(2+)](i) was 3.5-fold greater in islets from KO mice compared with wild type islets (p < 0.01) and [Ca(2+)](i) remained higher during the plateau phase. In addition to the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) in response to KCl there was also a significant increase in insulin release in islets isolated from KO mice. Evidence for modulation by calbindin of [Ca(2+)](i) and insulin release was also noted using beta cell lines. Rat calbindin was stably expressed in betaTC-3 and betaHC-13 cells. In response to depolarizing concentrations of K(+), insulin release was decreased by 45-47% in calbindin expressing betaTC cells and was decreased by 70-80% in calbindin expressing betaHC cells compared with insulin release from vector transfected betaTC or betaHC cells (p < 0.01). In addition, the K(+)-stimulated intracellular calcium peak was markedly inhibited in calbindin expressing betaHC cells compared with vector transfected cells (225 nM versus 1,100 nM, respectively). Buffering of the depolarization-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](i) was also observed in calbindin expressing betaTC cells. In summary, our findings, using both isolated islets from calbindin-D(28k) KO mice and beta cell lines, establish a role for calbindin in the modulation of depolarization-stimulated insulin release and suggest that calbindin can control the rate of insulin release via regulation of [Ca(2+)](i).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sooy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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32
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Han P, Werber J, Surana M, Fleischer N, Michaeli T. The calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase PDE1C down-regulates glucose-induced insulin secretion. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:22337-44. [PMID: 10428803 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.32.22337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the role cAMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs) play in the regulation of insulin secretion, we analyzed cyclic nucleotide PDEs of a pancreatic beta-cell line and used family and isozyme-specific PDE inhibitors to identify the PDEs that counteract glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We demonstrate the presence of soluble PDE1C, PDE4A and 4D, a cGMP-specific PDE, and of particulate PDE3, activities in betaTC3 insulinoma cells. Selective inhibition of PDE1C, but not of PDE4, augmented glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in a dose-dependent fashion thus demonstrating that PDE1C is the major PDE counteracting glucose-dependent insulin secretion from betaTC3 cells. In pancreatic islets, inhibition of both PDE1C and PDE3 augmented glucose-dependent insulin secretion. The PDE1C of betaTC3 cells is a novel isozyme possessing a K(m) of 0.47 microM for cAMP and 0.25 microM for cGMP. The PDE1C isozyme of betaTC3 cells is sensitive to 8-methoxymethyl isobutylmethylxanthine and zaprinast (IC(50) = 7.5 and 4.5 microM, respectively) and resistant to vinpocetine (IC(50) > 100 microM). Increased responsiveness of PDE1C activity to calcium/calmodulin is evident upon exposure of cells to glucose. Enhanced cAMP degradation by PDE1C, due to increases in its responsiveness to calcium/calmodulin and in intracellular calcium, constitutes a glucose-dependent feedback mechanism for the control of insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Han
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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33
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Abstract
Development of beta-cell lines for cell therapy of diabetes is hindered by functional deviations of the replicating cells from the normal beta-cell phenotype. In a recently developed cell line, denoted betaTC-tet, derived from transgenic mice expressing the SV40 T antigen (Tag) under control of the tetracycline (Tc) gene regulatory system, growth arrest can be induced by shutting off Tag expression in the presence of Tc. Here, we compared differentiated cell functions in dividing and growth-arrested betaTC-tet cells, both in culture and in vivo. Proliferating cells stably maintained normal glucose responsiveness for >60 passages in culture. Growth-arrested cells survived for months in culture and in vivo and maintained normal insulin production and secretion. After growth arrest, the cells gradually increased their insulin content three- to fourfold. This occurred without significant changes in insulin biosynthetic rates. At high passage numbers, proliferating betaTC-tet cells exhibited an abnormal increase in hexokinase expression. However, the upregulation of hexokinase was reversible upon growth arrest. Growth-arrested cells transplanted intraperitoneally into syngeneic recipients responded to hyperglycemia by a significant increase in insulin secretion. These findings demonstrate that transformed beta-cells maintain function during long periods of growth arrest, suggesting that conditional transformation of beta-cells may be a useful approach for developing cell therapy for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fleischer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
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34
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Singh GJ, Fleischer N, Lesko L, Williams R. Evaluation of the proposed FDA pilot dose-response methodology for topical corticosteroid bioequivalence testing. Pharm Res 1998; 15:4-7. [PMID: 9487539 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011980115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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35
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Malinowski H, Marroum P, Uppoor VR, Gillespie W, Ahn HY, Lockwood P, Henderson J, Baweja R, Hossain M, Fleischer N, Tillman L, Hussain A, Shah V, Dorantes A, Zhu R, Sun H, Kumi K, Machado S, Tammara V, Ong-Chen TE, Mahayni H, Lesko L, Williams R. Draft guidance for industry extended-release solid oral dosage forms. Development, evaluation and application of in vitro-in vivo correlations. Adv Exp Med Biol 1997; 423:269-88. [PMID: 9269503 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6036-0_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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36
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Abstract
Two voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) have been reported in pancreatic islets: the beta-cell/endocrine-brain and cardiac subtypes. The cardiac-type alpha 1 subunit was isolated from cultured beta TC3 cells, a murine pancreatic beta-cell line, by immunoprecipitation with a specific polyclonal antibody. We have examined the effects of 1-isobutyl-3-methylxanthine (IBMX) and forskolin, agonists that elevate cAMP in these cells, on the phosphorylation of this subunit in intact beta TC3 cells using a sensitive back-phosphorylation technique. This technique allows quantitative detection of protein phosphorylation that is specifically stimulated by cAMP. The stimulation of intact beta TC3 cells with forskolin or IBMX resulted in the phosphorylation of the cardiac-type alpha 1 subunit as evidenced by a 40-60% decrease in the ability of the 257-kDa form to serve as a substrate in the in vitro back-phosphorylation reaction with [gamma-32P]ATP and the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). The effects of forskolin were time- and concentration-dependent. The concentration-dependency of forskolin-induced phosphorylation of the cardiac-type alpha 1 subunit and the potentiation of glucose-induced insulin secretion were highly correlated, a finding that is consistent with a role for such phosphorylation in mediating at least some of the effects of cAMP on secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leiser
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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37
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Bali D, Svetlanov A, Lee HW, Fusco-DeMane D, Leiser M, Li B, Barzilai N, Surana M, Hou H, Fleischer N. Animal model for maturity-onset diabetes of the young generated by disruption of the mouse glucokinase gene. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:21464-7. [PMID: 7665557 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.37.21464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucokinase catalyzes a rate-limiting step in glucose metabolism in hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells and is considered the "glucose sensor" for regulation of insulin secretion. Patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) have heterozygous point mutations in the glucokinase gene that result in reduced enzymatic activity and decreased insulin secretion. However, it remains unclear whether abnormal liver glucose metabolism contributes to the MODY disease. Here we show that disruption of the glucokinase gene results in a phenotype similar to MODY in heterozygous mice. Reduced islet glucokinase activity causes mildly elevated fasting blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemic clamp studies reveal decreased glucose tolerance and abnormal liver glucose metabolism. These findings demonstrate a key role for glucokinase in glucose homeostasis and implicate both islets and liver in the MODY disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bali
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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38
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Abstract
Protein carboxylmethylation is a reversible posttranslational modification that regulates protein function. We examined the carboxylmethylation of small GTP-binding proteins in a pancreatic beta-cell line (beta TC cells). In vitro assays showed that carboxylmethylation of a membrane 23-kDa protein was induced by guanine nucleotides, best demonstrated by the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog, guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S). GTP gamma S also induced translocation of this 23-kilodalton (kDa) protein from cytosol to particulate fractions. Immunoblotting with antiserum sc-65 raised against Rap1 identified the carboxyl-methylated 23-kDa protein as Rap1. 1) The 23-kDa carboxyl-methylated protein separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis overlapped with the 23-kDa protein detected by immunoblotting. 2) GTP gamma S, in the presence of cytosol, increased the amount of detectable membrane-associated Rap1. Studies in intact beta TC cells demonstrated the carboxylmethylation of the 23-kDa protein in response to glucose and depolarizing concentrations of potassium, an effect that was abolished by the calcium channel inhibitor, D600. Similarly, N-acetyl-S-trans,trans-farnesyl-L-cysteine, an inhibitor of in vivo carboxylmethylation at COOH-terminal S-farnesylcysteine by methyltransferase, inhibited carboxylmethylation of the 23-kDa protein in intact cells and reduced insulin secretion in response to glucose and potassium. These data establish a correlation between insulin secretion and carboxylmethylation of a 23-kDa protein that comigrates with Rap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leiser
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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39
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Knaack D, Fiore DM, Surana M, Leiser M, Laurance M, Fusco-DeMane D, Hegre OD, Fleischer N, Efrat S. Clonal insulinoma cell line that stably maintains correct glucose responsiveness. Diabetes 1994; 43:1413-7. [PMID: 7958492 DOI: 10.2337/diab.43.12.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A number of pancreatic beta-tumor cell (beta TC) lines have been derived from insulinomas arising in transgenic mice expressing the SV40 T antigen gene under control of the insulin promoter. Some of these lines secrete insulin in response to physiological glucose concentrations. However, this phenotype is unstable. After propagation in culture, these nonclonal lines become responsive to subphysiological glucose levels and/or manifest reduced insulin release. Here we report the use of soft-agar cloning to isolate single-cell clones from a beta TC line, which give rise to sublines that maintain correct glucose responsiveness and high insulin production and secretion for > 55 passages (over a year) in culture. One of these clonal lines, denoted beta TC6-F7, was characterized in detail. beta TC6-F7 cells expressed high glucokinase and low hexokinase activity, similarly to normal islets. In addition, they expressed mRNA for the GLUT2 glucose transporter isotype and no detectable GLUT1 mRNA, as is characteristic of normal beta-cells. These results demonstrate that transformed beta-cells can maintain a highly differentiated phenotype during prolonged propagation in culture, which has implications for the development of continuous beta-cell lines for transplantation therapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Knaack
- CytoTherapeutics, Providence, Rhode Island
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40
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Efrat S, Leiser M, Wu YJ, Fusco-DeMane D, Emran OA, Surana M, Jetton TL, Magnuson MA, Weir G, Fleischer N. Ribozyme-mediated attenuation of pancreatic beta-cell glucokinase expression in transgenic mice results in impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:2051-5. [PMID: 7510884 PMCID: PMC43307 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.6.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate by glucokinase (GK; EC 2.7.1.2) serves as a glucose-sensing mechanism for regulating insulin secretion in beta cells. Recent findings of heterozygous GK gene mutations in patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), a form of type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, have raised the possibility that a decrease in beta-cell GK activity may impair the insulin secretory response of these cells to glucose. To generate an animal model for MODY we have expressed in transgenic mice a GK antisense RNA with a ribozyme element under control of the insulin promoter. Mice in two independent lineages had about 30% of the normal islet GK activity. Insulin release in response to glucose from in situ-perfused pancreas was impaired; however, the plasma glucose and insulin levels of the mice remained normal. These mice are likely to be predisposed to type II diabetes and may manifest increased susceptibility to genetic and environmental diabetogenic factors. They provide an animal model for studying the interaction of such factors with the reduced islet GK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Efrat
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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41
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Abstract
Pancreatic beta TC lines derived from insulinomas arising in transgenic mice expressing SV40 Tag under control of the insulin promoter manifest a differentiated beta-cell phenotype and secrete insulin in response to glucose. Previously reported beta TC lines respond to subphysiological extracellular glucose levels compared with normal beta-cells. Recently, several beta TC lines were developed with normal glucose-regulated insulin secretion from insulinomas obtained by breeding of the RIP-Tag transgene from the original C57BI/6 mouse strain into the C3HeB/FeJ strain. One of these beta TC lines, beta TC7, was characterized in detail. Beta TC7 cells express GLUT2 and have levels of glucokinase and hexokinase activity similar to those of normal islets. As a result these cells exhibit a normal glucose concentration dependency for glycolysis and insulin secretion, thus representing an accurate model of beta-cell function. On continuous propagation in culture, beta TC7 cells acquired a response to lower extracellular glucose levels. This change was associated with a fourfold increase in hexokinase activity, without significant changes in glucokinase activity and glucose uptake rates. These findings suggest an important role for glucose phosphorylation rates in regulation of the beta-cell insulin secretory response to glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Efrat
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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42
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Tal M, Wu YJ, Leiser M, Surana M, Lodish H, Fleischer N, Weir G, Efrat S. [Val12] HRAS downregulates GLUT2 in beta cells of transgenic mice without affecting glucose homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:5744-8. [PMID: 1631055 PMCID: PMC402094 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.13.5744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-induced insulin release from pancreatic beta cells depends on the beta-cell metabolism of glucose, which generates intracellular signals for secretion. The beta-cell glucose transporter isotype GLUT2 and the glucose phosphorylating enzyme glucokinase have both been implicated in coupling insulin secretion to extracellular glucose levels. Here we present evidence that a pronounced decrease in beta-cell GLUT2 has no immediate effect on glucose homeostasis. Analysis of transgenic mice overexpressing human [Val12]HRAS oncoprotein under control of the insulin promoter reveals a great reduction in plasma-membrane GLUT2 levels. These mice are nonetheless able to maintain normal fed and fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels for a period of several months. Insulin secretion studied in isolated islets and the perfused pancreas is characterized by a normal incremental response to increasing glucose concentrations. Glucose metabolism, as measured by glucose phosphorylation and oxidation in isolated islets, shows a normal dose dependence on extracellular glucose concentrations. These findings suggest that normal GLUT2 expression in beta cells is not essential for glucose sensing. The transgenic mice provide an experimental system for studying the role of glucose phosphorylation in regulation of insulin release in the absence of GLUT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tal
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
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43
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Tal M, Thorens B, Surana M, Fleischer N, Lodish HF, Hanahan D, Efrat S. Glucose transporter isotypes switch in T-antigen-transformed pancreatic beta cells growing in culture and in mice. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 12:422-32. [PMID: 1729614 PMCID: PMC364137 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.12.1.422-432.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High-level expression of the low-Km glucose transporter isoform GLUT-1 is characteristic of many cultured tumor and oncogene-transformed cells. In this study, we tested whether induction of GLUT-1 occurs in tumors in vivo. Normal mouse beta islet cells express the high-Km (approximately 20 mM) glucose transporter isoform GLUT-2 but not the low-Km (1 to 3 mM) GLUT-1. In contrast, a beta cell line derived from an insulinoma arising in a transgenic mouse harboring an insulin-promoted simian virus 40 T-antigen oncogene (beta TC3) expressed very low levels of GLUT-2 but high levels of GLUT-1. GLUT-1 protein was not detectable on the plasma membrane of islets or tumors of the transgenic mice but was induced in high amounts when the tumor-derived beta TC3 cells were grown in tissue culture. GLUT-1 expression in secondary tumors formed after injection of beta TC3 cells into mice was reduced. Thus, high-level expression of GLUT-1 in these tumor cells is characteristic of culture conditions and is not induced by the oncogenic transformation; indeed, overnight culture of normal pancreatic islets causes induction of GLUT-1. We also investigated the relationship between expression of the different glucose transporter isoforms by islet and tumor cells and induction of insulin secretion by glucose. Prehyperplastic transgenic islet cells that expressed normal levels of GLUT-2 and no detectable GLUT-1 exhibited an increased sensitivity to glucose, as evidenced by maximal insulin secretion at lower glucose concentrations, compared with that exhibited by normal islets. Further, hyperplastic islets and primary and secondary tumors expressed low levels of GLUT-2 and no detectable GLUT-1 on the plasma membrane; these cells exhibited high basal insulin secretion and responded poorly to an increase in extracellular glucose. Thus, abnormal glucose-induced secretion of insulin in prehyperplastic islets in mice was independent of changes in GLUT-2 expression and did not require induction of GLUT-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tal
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142-1479
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44
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Efrat S, Surana M, Fleischer N. Glucose induces insulin gene transcription in a murine pancreatic beta-cell line. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:11141-3. [PMID: 1710218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of insulin secretagogues to stimulate insulin gene transcription was analyzed in the murine insulinoma cell line beta TC3, which had been derived from a transgenic mouse expressing SV40 T antigen under control of the rat insulin II gene regulatory region. Glucose induced a 3-fold increase in the transcription of both the endogenous mouse insulin genes and the transgene. This effect was inhibited by D600, a calcium channel blocker, which also inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion in these cells. This suggests that similar signals may be involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin gene transcription. Agents that increase intracellular levels of cAMP did not have a significant effect on the transcription of either the insulin genes or the transgene. Stimulation of transcription of the RIP-Tag transgene by glucose suggests that the 695-base pair fragment of the insulin gene regulatory region that is included in the transgene contains the cis elements required for response to the glucose-induced signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Efrat
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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45
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46
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D'Ambra R, Surana M, Efrat S, Starr RG, Fleischer N. Regulation of insulin secretion from beta-cell lines derived from transgenic mice insulinomas resembles that of normal beta-cells. Endocrinology 1990; 126:2815-22. [PMID: 1693563 DOI: 10.1210/endo-126-6-2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin secretory physiology has been characterized in tumor cell lines derived by primary culture of insulinomas that developed in transgenic mice expressing the large T-antigen of SV40 in pancreatic islet beta-cells. Cells in one of these lines, beta TC-3, contain large amounts of insulin (3100 +/- 294 ng/100 micrograms cellular protein). Constitutive release of insulin over 2 h in static incubation was low at 31.9 ng/100 micrograms protein and was increased 2-fold by glucose (16.7 mM) and 8-fold by depolarizing concentrations of potassium (45 mM). Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX; 0.5 mM) and forskolin (5 and 50 microM), which elevated cellular levels of cAMP, were ineffective as secretagogues, but dramatically potentiated glucose and potassium effects on insulin release (6.5- and 4-fold, respectively). A variety of other known insulin secretagogues stimulated insulin release in a manner analogous to their effects in normal islets. The sulfonylurea glipizide (1 microM) and the tumor-promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (1 microM) stimulated insulin release 3.4- and 13.7-fold, respectively. The cholinergic agonist carbachol (2 microM) was ineffective alone, but potentiated glucose-induced insulin release 2.8-fold. Comparable stimulation of insulin release by glucose (16.7 mM) and glucose (16.7 mM) plus IBMX (0.5 mM) was noted with several other beta TC lines, which were derived independently from separate transgenic mice. Glucose- and glucose- plus IBMX (0.5 mM)-induced insulin release occurred progressively from 0.15-16.7 mM, indicating that insulin release from beta TC-3 cells occurred at much lower levels than that from normal islets. However, as in the normal islet, the glucose concentration dependency for insulin release was highly correlated (r = 0.93) with the glucose concentration dependency for glucose utilization (measured by 3H2O formation from [5-3H]glucose). This suggests that glucose induces insulin release from beta TC-3 cells by a mechanism similar to that in the normal islet. The high insulin content, the multifold stimulation of insulin release by a variety of secretagogues, their convenient propagation in culture, and the renewable source of these cell lines make the beta TC cells a convenient model for studies of beta-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D'Ambra
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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47
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Abstract
Transgenic mice expressing an insulin-promoted H-ras hybrid gene in pancreatic beta cells developed beta-cell degeneration and diabetes. The disease was manifested in male mice by hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and reduced plasma insulin levels, which appeared around 5 months of age and led to premature death. Histological analyses revealed large holes within the islets of Langerhans and a reduced number of beta cells. The destruction of the islets was not associated with an obvious inflammatory activity. Ultrastructural analysis showed extensive engorgement in the endoplasmic reticulum of the residual beta cells from diabetic males. The females carrying the insulin-promoted ras gene did not manifest any of the physiological abnormalities observed in males and showed only minor histological and ultrastructural changes, even at much greater ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Efrat
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724
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48
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Lomasky SJ, D'Eramo G, Shamoon H, Fleischer N. Relationship of insulin secretion and glycemic response to dietary intervention in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150:169-72. [PMID: 2404478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Forty-two obese subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had their plasma insulin, C peptide, and glucose levels measured after an overnight fast and in response to a 75-g oral glucose loading. Subjects were then prospectively followed up with dietary treatment, and the same measurements were repeated at 1 year. Although insulin values tended to be lower with greater fasting hyperglycemia at baseline, no correlation was observed among three parameters. However, near-normalization of glycemia (measured as the level of hemoglobin A1) was associated with significantly higher fasting and stimulated plasma insulin concentrations. Sixteen subjects were matched to each other for equivalent baseline hyperglycemia (by glycosylated hemoglobin) and divided into group 1 (normalization of the hemoglobin A1 value to 7.0% +/- 0.3% [mean +/- SE]) and group 2 (persistent hyperglycemia) (hemoglobin A1 value, 10.7% +/- 0.7% [mean +/- SE]). Before dietary therapy, the plasma insulin concentrations were twofold to threefold higher in group 1, and despite similar degrees of weight loss, group 2 failed to demonstrate improved glycemia. We concluded that the outcome of diet therapy for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is dependent on the duration of diabetes and endogenous insulin secretory reserve. There is a subgroup of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in whom delayed dietary intervention may have a beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Lomasky
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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49
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Fleischer N, Liker H, Stoller T, D'Ambra R, Shields D. Retrovirus-mediated expression of preprosomatostatin in rat pituitary GH3 cells: targeting of somatostatin to the regulated secretory pathway. Mol Endocrinol 1989; 3:1652-8. [PMID: 2575212 PMCID: PMC7107640 DOI: 10.1210/mend-3-10-1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SRIF) is a 14-amino acid peptide hormone that is synthesized as part of a larger precursor, prepro-SRIF, consisting of a signal peptide and a proregion of 80-90 amino acids; mature SRIF is located at the carboxyl-terminus of the precursor. We have used a recombinant retroviral expression vector encoding anglerfish prepor-SRIF-I to infect rat pituitary GH3 cells. The aim of these studies was to investigate the intracellular storage and secretion of the total pool of endogenous GH compared to that of SRIF. Several clonal lines of GH3 cells expressing high or low levels of SRIF were treated with TRH, forskolin, or depolarizing concentrations of potassium, and the levels of intracellular and secreted GH or SRIF were determined using highly sensitive RIAs. Approximately 65% of the total GH was secreted basally, whereas less than 20% of the SRIF-immunoreactive material was basally secreted. Forskolin treatment or potassium depolarization stimulated GH release, but only about 50% above basal levels. In contrast, SRIF secretion was stimulated approximately 5-fold in response to these secretagogues. Based on its lower basal rate of secretion compared to GH and its enhanced release in response to a variety of secretagogues, we conclude that the heterologously expressed SRIF is preferentially targeted to the regulated pathway in GH3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fleischer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Wylie-Rosett J, Engel S, D'Eramo G, Mazze R, Murphy J, Shamoon H, Slagle S, Villeneuve M, Wilson J, Fleischer N. Delivery of diabetes care to low--income patients: assessment of a federally funded program. Diabetes Educ 1989; 15:366-9. [PMID: 2791863 DOI: 10.1177/014572178901500420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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