1
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Zinter MS, Dvorak CC, Mayday MY, Reyes G, Simon MR, Pearce EM, Kim H, Shaw PJ, Rowan CM, Auletta JJ, Martin PL, Godder K, Duncan CN, Lalefar NR, Kreml EM, Hume JR, Abdel-Azim H, Hurley C, Cuvelier GDE, Keating AK, Qayed M, Killinger JS, Fitzgerald JC, Hanna R, Mahadeo KM, Quigg TC, Satwani P, Castillo P, Gertz SJ, Moore TB, Hanisch B, Abdel-Mageed A, Phelan R, Davis DB, Hudspeth MP, Yanik GA, Pulsipher MA, Sulaiman I, Segal LN, Versluys BA, Lindemans CA, Boelens JJ, DeRisi JL. Pulmonary microbiome and transcriptome signatures reveal distinct pathobiologic states associated with mortality in two cohorts of pediatric stem cell transplant patients. medRxiv 2023:2023.11.29.23299130. [PMID: 38077035 PMCID: PMC10705623 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.23299130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Lung injury is a major determinant of survival after pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). A deeper understanding of the relationship between pulmonary microbes, immunity, and the lung epithelium is needed to improve outcomes. In this multicenter study, we collected 278 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 229 patients treated at 32 children's hospitals between 2014-2022. Using paired metatranscriptomes and human gene expression data, we identified 4 patient clusters with varying BAL composition. Among those requiring respiratory support prior to sampling, in-hospital mortality varied from 22-60% depending on the cluster (p=0.007). The most common patient subtype, Cluster 1, showed a moderate quantity and high diversity of commensal microbes with robust metabolic activity, low rates of infection, gene expression indicating alveolar macrophage predominance, and low mortality. The second most common cluster showed a very high burden of airway microbes, gene expression enriched for neutrophil signaling, frequent bacterial infections, and moderate mortality. Cluster 3 showed significant depletion of commensal microbes, a loss of biodiversity, gene expression indicative of fibroproliferative pathways, increased viral and fungal pathogens, and high mortality. Finally, Cluster 4 showed profound microbiome depletion with enrichment of Staphylococci and viruses, gene expression driven by lymphocyte activation and cellular injury, and the highest mortality. BAL clusters were modeled with a random forest classifier and reproduced in a geographically distinct validation cohort of 57 patients from The Netherlands, recapitulating similar cluster-based mortality differences (p=0.022). Degree of antibiotic exposure was strongly associated with depletion of BAL microbes and enrichment of fungi. Potential pathogens were parsed from all detected microbes by analyzing each BAL microbe relative to the overall microbiome composition, which yielded increased sensitivity for numerous previously occult pathogens. These findings support personalized interpretation of the pulmonary microenvironment in pediatric HCT, which may facilitate biology-targeted interventions to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt S Zinter
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher C Dvorak
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Madeline Y Mayday
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gustavo Reyes
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miriam R Simon
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emma M Pearce
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hanna Kim
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Shaw
- The Children`s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Courtney M Rowan
- Indiana University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Auletta
- Hematology/Oncology/BMT and Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul L Martin
- Division of Pediatric and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kamar Godder
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christine N Duncan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nahal R Lalefar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Erin M Kreml
- Department of Child Health, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Janet R Hume
- University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hisham Abdel-Azim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Transplant and Cell Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Children Hospital and Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin Hurley
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Geoffrey D E Cuvelier
- CancerCare Manitoba, Manitoba Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amy K Keating
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muna Qayed
- Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James S Killinger
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie C Fitzgerald
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rabi Hanna
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Pediatric Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kris M Mahadeo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Pediatric and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Troy C Quigg
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Texas Transplant Institute, Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Section of Pediatric BMT and Cellular Therapy, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Prakash Satwani
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Castillo
- University of Florida, Gainesville, UF Health Shands Children's Hospital, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shira J Gertz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Joseph M Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ, USA
| | - Theodore B Moore
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Hanisch
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Aly Abdel-Mageed
- Section of Pediatric BMT and Cellular Therapy, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Rachel Phelan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Dereck B Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michelle P Hudspeth
- Adult and Pediatric Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina Children's Hospital/Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Greg A Yanik
- Pediatric Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael A Pulsipher
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Transplantation, and Immunology, Primary Children's Hospital, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Spense Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Imran Sulaiman
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leopoldo N Segal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Birgitta A Versluys
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Division of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Caroline A Lindemans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Boelens
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Division of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MSK Kids, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph L DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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McCoy NC, Hay EL, Romeo DA, Doty JW, Wolf BJ, Hudspeth MP. Decreased Opioid Consumption in Bone Marrow Harvest Patients Using Quadratus Lumborum Blocks in a Standardized Protocol. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:862309. [PMID: 35559351 PMCID: PMC9086676 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.862309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bone marrow harvesting is associated with significant postoperative pain that may have potential negative consequences for the patient and health care system. In the current absence of uniform guidelines, there exists considerable variability amongst providers with respect to perioperative analgesia, especially opioid administration. In this initiative, we explored the potential for preoperative bilateral quadratus lumborum blocks in combination with a standardized perioperative analgesic protocol to manage pain with the goal of reducing perioperative narcotic usage and thereby improving opioid stewardship. Methods Adults who underwent bone marrow donation from 2018 to 2020 were included in this analysis (n = 32). The pre-implementation group (n = 19) was reviewed retrospectively while the implementation group (n = 13) was evaluated prospectively. Patient demographics, pain scores, and opioid consumption were evaluated. Results Patient characteristics were equivalent except for anesthesia type with an increased number of patients in the implementation group undergoing spinal anesthesia. The implementation group showed significantly reduced median intraoperative (20.0 mg vs. 0.0 mg; p < 0.001) and total opioid consumption (20.5 mg vs. 0.0 mg; p < 0.001). The number of patients who received any opioids decreased from 84.2% (16/19) before implementation to 23.1% (3/13) after implementation. Conclusion This change in practice suggests that implementation of a standardized perioperative protocol, including bilateral quadratus lumborum blocks, for bone marrow harvest patients leads to reduced perioperative opioid administration without compromising immediate perioperative pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C McCoy
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Ellen L Hay
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Deborah A Romeo
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - J Wesley Doty
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Bethany J Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Michelle P Hudspeth
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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3
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Bhatt ND, Heh JL, Hudspeth MP, Williams KW, Twombley KE. Teriparatide Therapy in a 4-Month-Old With Severe Hypoparathyroidism. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2022; 27:80-84. [PMID: 35002563 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-27.1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Teriparatide is a human parathyroid hormone analog approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in adult patients. Its use for hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism in the pediatric population is described through case reports and small case series; however, larger studies that demonstrate long-term efficacy and safety are limited. At our institution, a 4-month-old premature (gestational age: 32 weeks) infant with multiple congenital anomalies, functional athymia, and severe hypoparathyroidism and receiving calcitriol, vitamin D, and calcium carbonate supplementation was initiated on subcutaneous injection of teriparatide. During the course of treatment, her calcium carbonate, vitamin D, and calcitriol supplementation requirements substantially decreased. Teriparatide effectively increased serum ionized calcium concentrations and decreased serum phosphorus concentrations in the present case-study over a 6-month period. Teriparatide was well tolerated, and no evidence of hypercalcemia was observed throughout treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam D Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacy Services (NDB, JLH), Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Charleston, SC
| | - Julie L Heh
- Department of Pharmacy Services (NDB, JLH), Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Charleston, SC
| | - Michelle P Hudspeth
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (MPH), Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Charleston, SC
| | - Kelli W Williams
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy & Immunology (KWW), Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Charleston, SC
| | - Katherine E Twombley
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology (KET), Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Charleston, SC
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4
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Sharma A, Huang S, Li Y, Brooke RJ, Ahmed I, Allewelt HB, Amrolia P, Bertaina A, Bhatt NS, Bierings MB, Bies J, Brisset C, Brondon JE, Dahlberg A, Dalle JH, Eissa H, Fahd M, Gassas A, Gloude NJ, Goebel WS, Goeckerman ES, Harris K, Ho R, Hudspeth MP, Huo JS, Jacobsohn D, Kasow KA, Katsanis E, Kaviany S, Keating AK, Kernan NA, Ktena YP, Lauhan CR, López-Hernandez G, Martin PL, Myers KC, Naik S, Olaya-Vargas A, Onishi T, Radhi M, Ramachandran S, Ramos K, Rangarajan HG, Roehrs PA, Sampson ME, Shaw PJ, Skiles JL, Somers K, Symons HJ, de Tersant M, Uber AN, Versluys B, Cheng C, Triplett BM. Outcomes of pediatric patients with therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:2997-3007. [PMID: 34480120 PMCID: PMC9260859 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Long-term outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (tMNs) are dismal. There are few multicenter studies defining prognostic factors in pediatric patients with tMNs. We have accumulated the largest cohort of pediatric patients who have undergone HCT for a tMN to perform a multivariate analysis defining factors predictive of long-term survival. Sixty-eight percent of the 401 patients underwent HCT using a myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen, but there were no statistically significant differences in the overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), or cumulative incidence of relapse and non-relapse mortality based on the conditioning intensity. Among the recipients of MAC regimens, 38.4% of deaths were from treatment-related causes, especially acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) and end-organ failure, as compared to only 20.9% of deaths in the reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) cohort. Exposure to total body irradiation (TBI) during conditioning and experiencing grade III/IV acute GVHD was associated with worse OS. In addition, a diagnosis of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome and having a structurally complex karyotype at tMN diagnosis were associated with worse EFS. Reduced-toxicity (but not reduced-intensity) regimens might help to decrease relapse while limiting mortality associated with TBI-based HCT conditioning in pediatric patients with tMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Sharma
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Sujuan Huang
- Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Russell J. Brooke
- Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and BMT, Children’s Mercy Hospital Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Persis Amrolia
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant, Great Ormond St Children’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Neel S. Bhatt
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marc B. Bierings
- Stem cell transplantation, Princess Maxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joshua Bies
- Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claire Brisset
- Hemato-immunology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, GHU APHP Nord - Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer E. Brondon
- Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ann Dahlberg
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jean-Hugues Dalle
- Hemato-immunology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, GHU APHP Nord - Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hesham Eissa
- Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapeutics, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mony Fahd
- Hemato-immunology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, GHU APHP Nord - Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Adam Gassas
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Gloude
- Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - W Scott Goebel
- Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Erika S. Goeckerman
- Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Katherine Harris
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Ho
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and BMT, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michelle P. Hudspeth
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Huo
- Pediatric Cellular Therapies, Cancer and Blood Disorders, Atrium Health Levine Children’s Hospital, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - David Jacobsohn
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Saara Kaviany
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and BMT, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy K. Keating
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nancy A. Kernan
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Yiouli P. Ktena
- Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Colette R. Lauhan
- Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gerardo López-Hernandez
- Bone Marrow Transplant and Cell therapy Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Ciudad de Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - Paul L. Martin
- Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kasiani C. Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Swati Naik
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alberto Olaya-Vargas
- Bone Marrow Transplant and Cell therapy Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Ciudad de Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - Toshihiro Onishi
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohamed Radhi
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and BMT, Children’s Mercy Hospital Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Shanti Ramachandran
- Oncology, Haematology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Child and Adolescent Health Services, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kristie Ramos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hemalatha G. Rangarajan
- Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Philip A. Roehrs
- Pediatric Cellular Therapies, Cancer and Blood Disorders, Atrium Health Levine Children’s Hospital, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Megan E. Sampson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter J. Shaw
- Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jodi L. Skiles
- Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Katherine Somers
- Oncology, Haematology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Child and Adolescent Health Services, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Heather J. Symons
- Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie de Tersant
- Hemato-immunology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, GHU APHP Nord - Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Allison N. Uber
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Birgitta Versluys
- Stem cell transplantation, Princess Maxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brandon M. Triplett
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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5
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Traube C, Gerber LM, Mauer EA, Small K, Broglie L, Chopra YR, Duncan CN, Ebens CL, Fitzgerald JC, Freedman JL, Hudspeth MP, Hurley C, Mahadeo KM, McArthur J, Shapiro MC, Sharron MP, Wall DA, Zinter MS, Greenwald BM, Silver G, Boulad F. Delirium in Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Multi-Institutional Point Prevalence Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:627726. [PMID: 33968727 PMCID: PMC8100670 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.627726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Delirium occurs frequently in adults undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation, with significant associated morbidity. Little is known about the burden of delirium in children in the peri-transplant period. This study was designed to determine delirium rates, define risk factors (demographic and treatment related), and establish feasibility of multi-institutional bedside screening for delirium in children undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant. Methods: This is a multi-institutional point prevalence study. All subjects were prospectively screened for delirium twice daily using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium over a 10-day period. De-identified data, including basic demographics and daily characteristics, were extracted from the electronic medical record. Results: Eleven North American institutions were included, 106 children were enrolled, and 883 hospital days were captured. Delirium screening was successfully completed on more than 98% of the study days. Forty-eight children (45%) developed delirium over the course of the 10-day study. Children were diagnosed with delirium on 161/883 study days, for an overall delirium rate of 18% per day. Higher delirium rates were noted in children <5 years old (aOR 0.41 for children over 5 years), and in association with specific medications (melatonin, steroids, and tacrolimus). Conclusion: Delirium was a frequent occurrence in our study cohort, with identifiable risk factors. Delirium screening is highly feasible in the pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant patient population. A large-scale prospective longitudinal study following children throughout their transplant course is urgently needed to fully describe the epidemiology of pediatric delirium, explore the effects of delirium on patient outcomes, and establish guidelines to prevent and treat delirium in the peri-transplant period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chani Traube
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, MSK Kids at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Linda M Gerber
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Mauer
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Keshia Small
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Larisa Broglie
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yogi Raj Chopra
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine N Duncan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christen L Ebens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Julie C Fitzgerald
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason L Freedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michelle P Hudspeth
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Caitlin Hurley
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kris M Mahadeo
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Children's Cancer Hospital, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer McArthur
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Miriam C Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Matthew P Sharron
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Donna A Wall
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matt S Zinter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bruce M Greenwald
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, MSK Kids at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gabrielle Silver
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Farid Boulad
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, MSK Kids at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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Jacobsohn DA, Loken MR, Fei M, Adams A, Brodersen LE, Logan BR, Ahn KW, Shaw BE, Kletzel M, Olszewski M, Khan S, Meshinchi S, Keating A, Harris A, Teira P, Duerst RE, Margossian SP, Martin PL, Petrovic A, Dvorak CC, Nemecek ER, Boyer MW, Chen AR, Davis JH, Shenoy S, Savasan S, Hudspeth MP, Adams RH, Lewis VA, Kheradpour A, Kasow KA, Gillio AP, Haight AE, Bhatia M, Bambach BJ, Haines HL, Quigg TC, Greiner RJ, Talano JAM, Delgado DC, Cheerva A, Gowda M, Ahuja S, Ozkaynak M, Mitchell D, Schultz KR, Fry TJ, Loeb DM, Pulsipher MA. Outcomes of Measurable Residual Disease in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia before and after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Validation of Difference from Normal Flow Cytometry with Chimerism Studies and Wilms Tumor 1 Gene Expression. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018; 24:2040-2046. [PMID: 29933069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We enrolled 150 patients in a prospective multicenter study of children with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to compare the detection of measurable residual disease (MRD) by a "difference from normal" flow cytometry (ΔN) approach with assessment of Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) gene expression without access to the diagnostic specimen. Prospective analysis of the specimens using this approach showed that 23% of patients screened for HSCT had detectable residual disease by ΔN (.04% to 53%). Of those patients who proceeded to transplant as being in morphologic remission, 10 had detectable disease (.04% to 14%) by ΔN. The disease-free survival of this group was 10% (0 to 35%) compared with 55% (46% to 64%, P < .001) for those without disease. The ΔN assay was validated using the post-HSCT specimen by sorting abnormal or suspicious cells to confirm recipient or donor origin by chimerism studies. All 15 patients who had confirmation of tumor detection relapsed, whereas the 2 patients with suspicious phenotype cells lacking this confirmation did not. The phenotype of the relapse specimen was then used retrospectively to assess the pre-HSCT specimen, allowing identification of additional samples with low levels of MRD involvement that were previously undetected. Quantitative assessment of WT1 gene expression was not predictive of relapse or other outcomes in either pre- or post-transplant specimens. MRD detected by ΔN was highly specific, but did not identify most relapsing patients. The application of the assay was limited by poor quality among one-third of the specimens and lack of a diagnostic phenotype for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Jacobsohn
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | - Mingwei Fei
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research; Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alexia Adams
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Brent R Logan
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research; Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kwang Woo Ahn
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research; Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Bronwen E Shaw
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research; Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Morris Kletzel
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marie Olszewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sana Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amy Keating
- University of Colorado - Children's Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew Harris
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pierre Teira
- Département de pédiatrie, CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reggie E Duerst
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven P Margossian
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul L Martin
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aleksandra Petrovic
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Christopher C Dvorak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eneida R Nemecek
- Pediatric Blood & Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael W Boyer
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Allen R Chen
- Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shalini Shenoy
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sureyya Savasan
- General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michelle P Hudspeth
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Roberta H Adams
- Hematology / Oncology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Victor A Lewis
- Departments of Oncology, Paediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Albert Kheradpour
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Kasow
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alfred P Gillio
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Ann E Haight
- Division of Hematology/Oncology - Bone Marrow, Pediatric Hematology & Medical Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monica Bhatia
- Stem Cell Transplantation, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian - Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara J Bambach
- Pediatrics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hilary L Haines
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Troy C Quigg
- Pediatric Hematology - Medical Oncology, Texas Transplant Institute, Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert J Greiner
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Julie-An M Talano
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David C Delgado
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Riley Children's Hospital at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra Cheerva
- Pediatric Medical Oncology, Norton Children's Hospital, University of Louisville Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Madhu Gowda
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sanjay Ahuja
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mehmet Ozkaynak
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Westchester Medical Center, Westchester, NY, USA
| | - David Mitchell
- Hematology Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kirk R Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Terry J Fry
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David M Loeb
- Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Pulsipher
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Boles EE, Chiuzan C, Ragucci D, Hudspeth MP. Analysis of factors affecting immune recovery and initial response to tetanus after DTaP vaccination in pediatric allogeneic HSCT patients. Pediatr Transplant 2014; 18:882-8. [PMID: 25243374 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Transfer of donor immunity after allo-HSCT is limited, requiring re-vaccination after HSCT. The CDC 2009 guidelines introduced earlier vaccination post-HSCT with a uniform vaccination strategy. This study objective was to describe predictors of immune recovery and initial response to tetanus after DTaP vaccination post-HSCT. We conducted a retrospective chart review of pediatric allo-HSCT patients transplanted between July 1, 2007-June 30, 2012 who survived >1 yr without relapse (N = 27). Response to tetanus one month after the initial dose of DTaP was defined as a ≥4 fold increase in tetanus titers ≥1 month after vaccination. Wilcoxon rank-sum exact test and Kruskall-Wallis tests were used to analyze CD4, CD8, and CD19 counts. Exact conditional logistic regression was utilized to analyze initial tetanus vaccination response. A statistically significant increase in median CD4, CD8, and CD19 counts occurred from six to 12 months post-HSCT (p ≤ 0.0001, 0.005, 0.004). Only 36% of patients had initial tetanus vaccination response at first attempt post-HSCT. None of the variables tested were statistically significant in predicting initial tetanus response to vaccination. There was no association between predictors of immune recovery or transplant variables and initial tetanus response. A uniform vaccination strategy is unlikely to provide protective antibodies for many post-HSCT patients and should be evaluated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Boles
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Hudspeth MP, Heath TS, Chiuzan C, Garrett-Mayer E, Nista E, Burton L, Ragucci D. Folinic acid administration after MTX GVHD prophylaxis in pediatric allo-SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 48:46-9. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hudspeth MP, Hill TN, Lewis JA, Van Meter E, Ragucci D. Post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant immunization practices in the Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:970-5. [PMID: 20135703 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A survey of National Marrow Donor Program transplant centers in 1995 demonstrated a wide range of immunization practices in post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, which led to the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for vaccination after HSCT. We surveyed the principal investigators of the Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium (PBMTC) to identify immunization practice patterns after HSCT and assess compliance with the 2000 CDC guidelines. PROCEDURE Approval was obtained from the Medical University of South Carolina Institutional Review Board. A 33 question survey using surveymonkey.com was distributed by email to principal investigators in the PBMTC. RESULTS Forty-one (40%) of the 102 pediatric HSCT centers participating in the PBMTC responded. Thirty of the responding centers completed the entire survey. For individual vaccines, compliance with the CDC guidelines ranged from 22% to 93%. Less than 20% of the centers reported schedules consistent with the 2000 CDC recommendations for both allogeneic and autologous HSCT recipients. CONCLUSION Despite the 2000 CDC guidelines, wide variation in post-HSCT immunization practices still exists. Updated guidelines have been needed, particularly to address the use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. In conjunction with multiple other groups, the CDC recently released new immunization guidelines in October 2009. Additional data are still needed to adequately address the utility of incorporating immunologic parameters with the timing of vaccination after HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle P Hudspeth
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
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Abstract
Type II methemoglobinemia is a somatic deficiency of cytochrome b5 reductase with severe global neurologic impairment. We report a novel mutation in exon 3 of the CYB5R3 gene on chromosome 22 consisting of homozygous 1-base pair (bp) deletion noted as c.215delG; p.Gly72AlafsX100. The patient had improvement of gross motor skills, chewing, and swallowing that may be due to the initiation of daily ascorbic acid therapy. We hypothesize that a possible response to ascorbic acid may be related to the effect of making additional ferrous iron available for its role as a cofactor in carnitine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle P Hudspeth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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Abstract
We present a case of pancytopenia in a 9-month-old infant with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) dependence due to short bowel syndrome. Bone marrow examination revealed left-shifted myeloid maturation, erythroid and myeloid dysplasia with normal iron stores. Serum copper level was 2 microm/dl (normal range 90-190 mcg/dl). After supplementation, copper levels normalized at 143 mcg/dl, and the macrocytic anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia resolved. Copper deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cytopenias and myelodsyplasia, particularly in the growing number of pediatric patients with TPN dependency or malabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Angotti
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Hudspeth MP, Raymond GV. Immunopathogenesis of adrenoleukodystrophy: current understanding. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 182:5-12. [PMID: 17125847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adrenoleukodystrophy is a neurometabolic disease with a decreased ability to degrade very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and significant phenotypic variation. Unlike most neurometabolic diseases, the success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is based on acquiring a new immune system rather than enzyme replacement. VLCFA accumulation appears necessary but not sufficient for pathogenesis. Evidence for the involvement of different components of the immune system in the pathogenesis of the cerebral lesions (cellular, cytokines, humoral, and complement) is reviewed, along with both HSCT and non-HSCT immunologic approaches to treatment and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle P Hudspeth
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Bunting Blaustein Cancer Research Building, Rm 255 1650 Orleans Street Baltimore, MD 21231, United States.
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Abstract
Patients with myasthenia gravis or other neuromuscular disorders are subject to increasing weakness of bulbar-innervated muscles, with resulting aspiration or catastrophic airway compromise. The available practical assessments of bulbar function in children are inadequate. We report our experience with the "slurp" test, a new bedside measure of bulbar function, in children with myasthenia gravis. Our experience suggests that the test is valuable for identifying patients with probable serious compromise of bulbar function, for monitoring such children during times of intercurrent illness, and for guiding therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle P Hudspeth
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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