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Gee GC, Chien J, Sharif MZ, Penaia C, Tran E. East is east … or is it? Racialization of Asian, Middle Eastern, and Pacific Islander persons. Epidemiol Rev 2023; 45:93-104. [PMID: 37312559 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional use of racial categories in health research naturalizes "race" in problematic ways that ignore how racial categories function in service of a White-dominated racial hierarchy. In many respects, racial labels are based on geographic designations. For instance, "Asians" are from Asia. Yet, this is not always a tenable proposition. For example, Afghanistan resides in South Asia, and shares a border with China and Pakistan. Yet, people from Afghanistan are not considered Asian, but Middle Eastern, by the US Census. Furthermore, people on the west side of the Island of New Guinea are considered Asian, whereas those on the eastern side are considered Pacific Islander. In this article, we discuss the complexity of the racial labels related to people originating from Oceania and Asia, and, more specifically, those groups commonly referred to as Pacific Islander, Middle Eastern, and Asian. We begin with considerations of the aggregation fallacy. Just as the ecological fallacy refers to erroneous inferences about individuals from group data, the aggregation fallacy refers to erroneous inferences about subgroups (eg, Hmong) from group data (ie, all Asian Americans), and how these inferences can contribute to stereotypes such as the "model minority." We also examine how group averages can be influenced merely by the composition of the subgroups, and how these, in turn, can be influenced by social policies. We provide a historical overview of some of the issues facing Pacific Islander, Middle Eastern, and Asian communities, and conclude with directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert C Gee
- Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States
| | - Jessie Chien
- Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States
| | - Mienah Z Sharif
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
- Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice and Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States
| | - Corina Penaia
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States
| | - Emma Tran
- Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States
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Sharif MZ, Maghbouleh N, Baback Boozary AS. COVID-19 Disparities Among Arab, Middle Eastern, and West Asian Populations in Toronto: Implications for Improving Health Equity Among Middle Eastern and North African Communities in the United States. Health Promot Pract 2023:15248399221142898. [PMID: 36624978 PMCID: PMC9834619 DOI: 10.1177/15248399221142898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Equity-oriented efforts to mitigate and prevent COVID-related disparities are hindered due to methodological limitations of the categorization of racial and ethnic groups, including Arabs and Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) communities, which remain invisible in national data collection efforts. This study highlights the disparities in COVID-related outcomes in Toronto, Canada and supports ongoing calls to collect public health data among MENA communities in the United States. METHODS Data on racial/ethnic identity and hospitalizations were collected by the Toronto Public Health (TPH) of the Ontario Ministry of Public Health Case between May 20, 2020, and September 30, 2021 from people with a confirmed or probable case of COVID-19. RESULTS The reported COVID-19 infection rate for Arab, Middle Eastern, West Asians (i.e., categories used to self-identify as MENA in Canada) relative to Whites in Toronto was 3.51. The age-standardized hospitalization rate ratio between Arab, Middle Eastern, West Asians and Whites was 4.59. DISCUSSION Data from Toronto highlight that Arab, Middle Eastern, and West Asians have higher rates of COVID-19 infections and hospitalizations than their White counterparts. Comparable studies are currently not possible in the United States due to lack of data that can disaggregate MENA individuals. This study underscores the critical need to collect data among MENA communities in the United States to advance our field's goal of promoting and advancing equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mienah Z. Sharif
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
USA
- University of California, Los Angeles,
CA, USA
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Amani B, McAndrew B, Sharif MZ, Garcia J, Nwankwo E, Cabral A, Abotsi-Kowu C, Khan H, Le C, Ponder ML, Ford CL. An Equity-Based Scoring System for Evaluating Surveillance-Related Harm in Public Health Crises. Ethn Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.18865/2022-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Although surveillance systems used to mitigate disasters serve essential public health functions, communities of color have experienced disproportionate harms (eg, criminalization) as a result of historic and enhanced surveillance.
Methods
To address this, we developed and piloted a novel, equity-based scoring system to evaluate surveillance systems regarding their potential and actual risk of adverse effects on communities made vulnerable through increased exposure to policing, detention/incarceration, deportation, and disruption of access to social services or public resources. To develop the scoring system, we reviewed the literature and surveyed an expert panel on surveillance to identify specific harms (eg, increased policing) that occur through surveillance approaches.
Results
Scores were based on type of information collected (individual and/or neighborhood level) and evidence of sharing information with law enforcement. Scores were 0 (no risk of harm identified), 1 (potential for risk), 2 (evidence of risk), and U (data not publicly accessible). To pilot the scoring system, 44 surveillance systems were identified between June 2020 and October 2020 through an environmental scan of systems directly related to COVID-19 (n=21), behavioral and health-related services (n=11), and racism and racism-related factors (n=12). A score of 0-2 was assigned to 91% (n=40) of the systems; 9% were scored U; 30% (n=13) scored a 0. Half scored a 1 (n=22), indicating a “potential for the types of harm of concern in this analysis.” “Evidence of harm,” a score of 2, was found for 12% (n=5).
Conclusions
The potential for surveillance systems to compromise the health and well-being of racialized and/or vulnerable populations has been understudied. This project developed and piloted a scoring system to accomplish this equity-based imperative. The nobler pursuits of public health to improve the health for all must be reconciled with these potential harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Amani
- 1 Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA
- 2 Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Breann McAndrew
- 1 Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mienah Z. Sharif
- 2 Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jamie Garcia
- 4 Department of Communication, Culture & Media Studies, Cathy Hughes School of Communications, Howard University, Washington, DC
| | - Ezinne Nwankwo
- 2 Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alejandra Cabral
- 2 Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Consuela Abotsi-Kowu
- 2 Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hamid Khan
- 5 Stop LAPD Spying Coalition, Abolitionist Organization, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Cindy Le
- 2 Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Monica L. Ponder
- 4 Department of Communication, Culture & Media Studies, Cathy Hughes School of Communications, Howard University, Washington, DC
| | - Chandra L. Ford
- 2 Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
- 6 Departments of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences and African American Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Abstract
The Supreme Court decision to overturn Roe v. Wade and the growing onslaught of state laws that criminalize abortion are part of a long history of maintaining White supremacy through reproductive control of Black and socially marginalized lives. As public health continues to recognize structural racism as a public health crisis and advances its measurement, it is imperative to explicate the connection between abortion criminalization and White supremacy. In this essay, we highlight how antiabortion policies uphold White supremacy and offer concrete strategies for addressing abortion criminalization in structural racism measures and public health research and practice. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(11):1662-1667. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Riley
- Taylor Riley and Yasaman Zia are with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Goleen Samari is with the Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Mienah Z. Sharif is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, and the Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice and Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Yasaman Zia
- Taylor Riley and Yasaman Zia are with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Goleen Samari is with the Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Mienah Z. Sharif is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, and the Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice and Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Goleen Samari
- Taylor Riley and Yasaman Zia are with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Goleen Samari is with the Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Mienah Z. Sharif is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, and the Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice and Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Mienah Z Sharif
- Taylor Riley and Yasaman Zia are with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Goleen Samari is with the Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Mienah Z. Sharif is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, and the Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice and Health, University of California, Los Angeles
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Bradford NJ, Amani B, Walker VP, Sharif MZ, Ford CL. Barely Tweeting and Rarely About Racism: Assessing US State Health Department Twitter Use During the COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout. Ethn Dis 2022; 32:257-264. [PMID: 35909637 PMCID: PMC9311300 DOI: 10.18865/ed.32.3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The general public was discussing racism and potential inequities in COVID-19 vaccinations among African Americans on Twitter before the first COVID-19 vaccine received emergency use authorization, but it is unclear how US state health departments (SHDs) were using Twitter to address the inequities. This study examines the frequency, content and timing of SHD tweets during the US rollout of the first SARS Co-V2 vaccine. Methods This was a prospective study of tweets posted from the official Twitter accounts of each of the 50 US SHDs and the DC health department from October 19, 2020 to February 28, 2021. We retrieved the content and metadata of 100% of their tweets; calculated frequencies and proportions of tweets containing key terms related to COVID-19 vaccines, equity and racism; stratified the data by region; and charted longitudinal trends. Results Overall, SHDs tweeted infrequently, and rarely tweeted about inequities, mistrust or racism. Though 55.48% of all SHD tweets were about COVID-19, hardly any tweets contained the terms: race/ethnicity (1.20%); equity (1.09); mistrust (.59%); or racism (.06%). Similar patterns existed among vaccination-related tweets, which accounted for 24.38% of all tweets. Only 21.64% of vaccination-related tweets containing any race/ethnicity, equity, mistrust, or racism terms were posted prior to the first Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). Those about African Americans (70.45%) were posted ≥8 weeks after EUA. Conclusions Concerns about racism and inequities in COVID-19 vaccination continue on Twitter, but SHDs rarely tweet about them. This strikes a worrisome chord of disconnection from the science linking health inequities to racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Bradford
- Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bita Amani
- Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, Address correspondence to Bita Amani, PhD, MHS, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA;
| | - Valencia P. Walker
- Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Mienah Z. Sharif
- Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Chandra L. Ford
- Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Amani B, Cabral A, Sharif MZ, Huỳnh J, Skrine Jeffers K, Baptista SA, McAndrew B, Bradford NJ, de la Rocha P, Ford CL. Integrated Methods for Applying Critical Race Theory to Qualitative COVID-19 Equity Research. Ethn Dis 2022; 32:243-256. [PMID: 35909643 PMCID: PMC9311305 DOI: 10.18865/ed.32.3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Racism persists, underscoring the need to rapidly document the perspectives and experiences of Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) groups as well as marginalized populations (eg, formerly incarcerated people) during pandemics. Objective This methods paper offers a model for using Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP) and related critical methodologies (ie, feminist and decolonizing methods) to inform the conceptualization, methods, and dissemination of qualitative research undertaken in response to the evolving COVID-19 pandemic. Sample Using purposive snowball sampling, we identified organizations involved with health equity and social justice advocacy among BIPOC and socially marginalized populations. Focus group participants (N=63) included community members, organizers, activists, and health workers. Design We conducted topic-specific (eg, reproductive justice) and population-specific (eg, Asian and Pacific Islander) focus groups (N=16 focus groups) in rapid succession using Zoom software. Methods A self-reflexive, iterative praxis guided theorization, data collection and analysis. We obtained community input on study design, the semi-structured discussion guide, ethical considerations and dissemination. Applying PHCRP, we assessed our assumptions iteratively. We transcribed each interview verbatim, de-identified the data, then used two distinct qualitative techniques to code and analyze them: thematic analysis to identify unifying concepts that recur across focus groups and narrative analysis to keep each participant's story intact. Results The praxis facilitated relationship-building with partners and supported the iterative assessment of assumptions. Logistical constraints included difficulty ensuring the confidentiality of virtual discussions. Conclusions These novel approaches provide an effective model for community-engaged qualitative research during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Amani
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA,COVID-19 Task Force on Racism & Equity, Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, and Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, Address correspondence to Bita Amani, PhD, MHS; Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA;
| | - Alejandra Cabral
- COVID-19 Task Force on Racism & Equity, Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, and Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mienah Z. Sharif
- COVID-19 Task Force on Racism & Equity, Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, and Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - James Huỳnh
- COVID-19 Task Force on Racism & Equity, Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, and Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kia Skrine Jeffers
- COVID-19 Task Force on Racism & Equity, Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, and Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA,School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shelby A. Baptista
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Breann McAndrew
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Natalie J. Bradford
- COVID-19 Task Force on Racism & Equity, Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, and Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Patanjali de la Rocha
- COVID-19 Task Force on Racism & Equity, Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, and Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Chandra L. Ford
- COVID-19 Task Force on Racism & Equity, Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice, and Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
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Sharif MZ, Truong M, Alam O, Dunn K, Nelson J, Kavanagh A, Paradies Y, Priest N. The association between experiences of religious discrimination, social-emotional and sleep outcomes among youth in Australia. SSM Popul Health 2021; 15:100883. [PMID: 34401461 PMCID: PMC8350065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Religious-based hate crimes are on the rise worldwide. However, the relationship of religious discrimination on health and well-being, especially earlier on the lifecourse, is largely understudied. This study examines the prevalence of religious discrimination and the relationship it has on social-emotional adjustment and sleep outcomes among a diverse sample of students in Australia. Methods Data came from Speak Out Against Racism, a population-representative cross-sectional study of 4664 public school students in grades 5–9 in Australia in 2017. An adaption of the Adolescent Discrimination Distress Index (ADDI), was used to derive four measures of religious discrimination (peer, school, societal and the sum of those as a “total” score). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire measured the total difficulties, conduct, emotional, and prosocial behavior subscales. Measures of sleep outcomes included duration, latency, and disruption. Results 27 % (95 % CI 22.82, 31.12) of students reported experiences of direct total religious discrimination with higher levels being reported by students identifying as a religious minority. There was strong evidence that experiences of religious discrimination (across all four sources) was related to all measures of socioemotional adjustment and sleep outcomes. Discussion Religious discrimination is an understudied form of social disadvantage that has implications for adolescents’ development, health and well-being. Conclusion: More programs, particularly in the school-context, address religious-based discrimination may reduce inequities in health. There is a noted gap in population health research examining how religion operates as a structural determinant of health. The relationship between discrimination and indicators of health and wellbeing have been understudied among young children. Religious discrimination is associated with poor indicators of social-emotional adjustment across all four measures. Religious discrimination is associated with adverse sleep outcomes (duration and latency) among young school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mienah Z Sharif
- Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice and Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Centre for Social Research and Methods, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mandy Truong
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Oishee Alam
- Religion and Society Research Centre, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kevin Dunn
- School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Nelson
- School of Communications, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Kavanagh
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yin Paradies
- Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Naomi Priest
- Centre for Social Research and Methods, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Torres JM, Mitchell UA, Sofrygin O, Rudolph KE, López-Ortega M, Sharif MZ, Wong R, Glymour MM. Associations between spousal caregiving and health among older adults in Mexico: A targeted estimation approach. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:775-783. [PMID: 33258494 PMCID: PMC8407372 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between spousal caregiving and mental and physical health among older adults in Mexico. METHODS Data come from the Mexican Health & Aging Study, a national population-based study of adults ≥50 years and their spouses (2001-2015). We compared outcomes for spousal caregivers to outcomes for those whose spouses had difficulty with at least one basic or instrumental activity of daily living (I/ADL) but were not providing care; the control group conventionally includes all married respondents regardless of spouse's need for care. We used targeted maximum likelihood estimation to evaluate the associations with past-week depressive symptoms, lower-body functional limitations, and chronic health conditions. RESULTS At baseline, 846 women and 629 men had a spouse with ≥1 I/ADL. Of these, 60.9% of women and 52.6% of men were spousal caregivers. Spousal caregiving was associated with more past-week depressive symptoms for men (Marginal Risk Difference (RD): 0.27, 95% confidence internal [CI]: 0.03, 0.51) and women (RD: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.23). We could not draw conclusions about associations with lower-body functional limitations and chronic health conditions. On average, all respondents whose spouses had caregiving needs had poorer health than the overall sample. CONCLUSION We found evidence of an association between spousal caregiving and mental health among older Mexican adults with spouses who had need for care. However, our findings suggest that older adults who are both currently providing or at risk of providing spousal care may need targeted programs and policies to support health and long-term care needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oleg Sofrygin
- Division of Research, Oakland, CA, Kaiser Permanente
| | | | | | | | - Rebeca Wong
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas – Medical Branch
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Truong M, Sharif MZ. We're in This Together: A Reflection on How Bioethics and Public Health Can Collectively Advance Scientific Efforts Towards Addressing Racism. J Bioeth Inq 2021; 18:113-116. [PMID: 33415592 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Racism is a key driver of the social, political, and economic injustices that cause and maintain health inequities. Over centuries and across continents, racism has become deeply ingrained within societies. Therefore, we believe that it is our professional and ethical obligation as scientists, and public health scholars specifically, to address racism head on in order to ameliorate racialized health disparities. We argue that greater focus is needed on addressing racism rather than race and how race is described or defined. We offer input from public health scholarship to help bioethicists and other scientists contribute to addressing racism. To do so effectively and comprehensively, public health scholars, bioethicists, and other scientists should work together to identify and implement equity-driven collaborations to eliminate the deleterious effects of racism on individuals, families, and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Truong
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mienah Z Sharif
- Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice and Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South 21-275E CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra L Ford
- The authors are with The Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice and Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Mienah Z Sharif
- The authors are with The Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice and Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
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Abstract
Hopefulness is associated with better health and may be integral for stress adaptation and resilience. Limited research has prospectively examined whether hopefulness protects against physiological dysregulation or does so similarly for U.S. whites, blacks and Hispanics. We examined the association between baseline hopefulness and future allostatic load using data from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 8,486) and assessed differences in this association by race/ethnicity and experiences of discrimination. Four items measured hopefulness and allostatic load was a count of seven biomarkers for which a respondent's measured value was considered high-risk for disease. A dichotomous variable assessed whether respondents experienced at least one major act of discrimination in their lifetime. We used Poisson regression to examine the association between hopefulness and allostatic load and included a multiplicative interaction term to test racial/ethnic differences in this association. Subsequent analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity and tested the interaction between hopefulness and discrimination within each racial/ethnic group. Hopefulness was associated with lower allostatic load scores, but its effects varied significantly by race/ethnicity. Race-stratified analyses suggested that hopefulness was protective among whites and not associated with allostatic load among Hispanics irrespective of experiencing discrimination. Hopefulness was associated with lower allostatic load among blacks reporting discrimination but associated with higher allostatic load among those who did not. Findings suggest that hopefulness plays differing roles for older whites, blacks and Hispanics and, for blacks, its protective effects on physiological dysregulation are intricately tied to their experiences of discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechi A. Mitchell
- Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | | | - Mienah Z. Sharif
- Center for Racism, Social Justice and Health, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Lauren L. Brown
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
| | - Jacqueline M. Torres
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco
| | - Ann Nguyen
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University
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Zawawi NNM, Azmi WH, Sharif MZ, Shaiful A. Composite nanolubricants in automotive air conditioning system: An investigation on its performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/469/1/012078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Alcalá HE, Sharif MZ, Morey BN. Misplaced Trust: Racial Differences in Use of Tobacco Products and Trust in Sources of Tobacco Health Information. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:1199-1208. [PMID: 28387825 PMCID: PMC6580933 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, the rates of utilization of alternative tobacco products have increased. Providing health information about tobacco products from trustworthy sources may help decrease the popularity of these products. Using a nationally representative study of adults, we fill the current gap in research on racial and ethnic disparities in utilization of alternative tobacco products as well as in trust of sources of health information about tobacco products. AIMS AND METHODS Data came from the Health Information National Trends Survey (N = 3738), which was collected in 2015. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds of use of seven different tobacco product (eg, hookah, e-cigarettes, etc.), trust in seven different sources of e-cigarette health information (eg, family or friends, health care providers, etc.), and trust in six different sources of tobacco health information, adjusting for control variables. RESULTS There were disparities in utilization of alternative tobacco products and in trust, in tobacco companies across racial and ethnic groups. Blacks and Asians were far more likely than whites to trust tobacco (adjusted odds ratios = 8.67 and 4.34) and e-cigarette companies (adjusted odds ratios = 6.97 and 3.13) with information about the health effects of e-cigarettes than whites. CONCLUSIONS The popularity of alternative tobacco products appears to be high and may offset recent observed decreases in cigarette use. Blacks and Asians appear to trust tobacco companies as sources of information when compared to whites. IMPLICATIONS Higher levels of trust in tobacco companies among Asians and blacks may translate to greater susceptibility to utilize tobacco products among these groups, thereby increasing disparities. There is a need for social marketing and education efforts focused on increasing awareness of adverse health effects of using alternative tobacco products as well as on the untrustworthiness of tobacco and e-cigarette companies, especially among racial and ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor E Alcalá
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of
Virginia,Charlottesville, VA;
| | - Mienah Z Sharif
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine,
Irvine, CA;
| | - Brittany N Morey
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los
Angeles,Los Angeles, CA
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Sharif MZ, Albert SL, Chan-Golston AM, Lopez G, Kuo AA, Prelip ML, Ortega AN, Glik DC. Community Residents' Beliefs About Neighborhood Corner Stores in 2 Latino Communities: Implications for Interventions to Improve the Food Environment. J Hunger Environ Nutr 2017; 12:342-351. [PMID: 29147455 DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2017.1315329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We assessed community residents' perceptions of corner stores to better understand what facilitates and deters patronage at these food outlets. Data came from 978 household interviews in 2 Latino communities undergoing corner store interventions. Chi-square tests, an independent sample t test, and a multivariate logistic regression were conducted to assess the relationship between residents' perceptions about corner stores and their reported patronage at these food outlets. Residents reported that corner stores do not sell a variety of fruits and vegetables and are not places where one can get information about healthy eating. Convenience, cleanliness, positive customer service, availability of culturally appropriate items, and availability of quality fresh fruit increased the odds of store patronage. Simply providing healthy foods will not incentivize patrons to purchase them. Corner store interventions can be more effective if they address the characteristics that community residents prioritize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mienah Z Sharif
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephanie L Albert
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alec M Chan-Golston
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gilberto Lopez
- UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alice A Kuo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael L Prelip
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander N Ortega
- UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities Department of Health Management & Policy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deborah C Glik
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Sharif MZ, Alcalá HE, Albert SL, Fischer H. Deconstructing family meals: Do family structure, gender and employment status influence the odds of having a family meal? Appetite 2017; 114:187-193. [PMID: 28347778 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the odds of having a family dinner by parental gender, family structure and parental employment. METHODS This study used data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) (2006-2008). Multivariate analyses assessed the odds of two outcomes among parents: 1) eating at all with children and 2) having a family dinner. RESULTS Single men had lower odds of eating at all with children and eating a family dinner in comparison to partnered/married males. Partnered/married women had increased odds of eating at all with children and eating a family dinner compared to their partnered/married male counterparts. While single women had increased odds of eating at all with children compared to partnered/married males, no difference was detected in the odds of having a family dinner. Among dual-headed households, women had lower odds of eating a family dinner when both parents were employed compared a dual-headed household with employed male/non-employed female. There were no differences among men regardless of their employment status or that of their partner/spouse. CONCLUSIONS Family structure, parental gender and employment status all influence the odds of having a family dinner. Future research on family meals should consider all of these factors to better understand trends and disparities across household compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mienah Z Sharif
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States.
| | - Héctor E Alcalá
- University of Virginia, Department of Public Health Sciences, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Stephanie L Albert
- University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Heidi Fischer
- Kaiser Permanente, Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, United States
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Kuo AA, Sharif MZ, Prelip ML, Glik DC, Albert SL, Belin T, McCarthy WJ, Roberts CK, Garcia RE, Ortega AN. Training the Next Generation of Latino Health Researchers: A Multilevel, Transdisciplinary, Community-Engaged Approach. Health Promot Pract 2016; 18:497-504. [PMID: 27609622 DOI: 10.1177/1524839916665091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reducing health disparities is a national public health priority. Latinos represent the largest racial/ethnic minority group in the United States and suffer disproportionately from poor health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease risk. Academic training programs are an opportunity for reducing health disparities, in part by increasing the diversity of the public health workforce and by incorporating training designed to develop a skill set to address health disparities. This article describes the Training and Career Development Program at the UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities: a multilevel, transdisciplinary training program that uses a community-engaged approach to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in two urban Mexican American communities. Results suggest that this program is effective in enhancing the skill sets of traditionally underrepresented students to become health disparities researchers and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A Kuo
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,2 David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mienah Z Sharif
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Prelip
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah C Glik
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie L Albert
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Belin
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William J McCarthy
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Rosa Elena Garcia
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander N Ortega
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,4 Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Sharif MZ, Rizzo S, Marino E, Belin TR, Glik DC, Kuo AA, Ortega AN, Prelip ML. The association between self-rated eating habits and dietary behavior in two Latino neighborhoods: Findings from Proyecto MercadoFRESCO. Prev Med Rep 2016; 3:270-5. [PMID: 27419025 PMCID: PMC4929149 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Latinos are the largest racial and ethnic minority group in the United States and bear a disproportionate burden of obesity related chronic disease. Despite national efforts to improve dietary habits and prevent obesity among Latinos, obesity rates remain high. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between self-rated dietary quality and dietary behavior among Latinos and how this may vary by socio-demographics to help inform future public health efforts aiming to improve eating habits and obesity rates. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using a series of chi-square tests, the non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression to explore self-rated eating habits. SETTING Two urban, low-income, predominantly Latino neighborhoods in Los Angeles County. SUBJECTS 1000 adults who self-identified as their household's primary food purchaser and preparer were interviewed from 2012 to 2013. Households were randomly selected based on their proximity to corner stores participating in a project to improve the food environment. RESULTS Most respondents (59%) report "good" eating habits. Significant associations between "good" eating habits and overall health, fruit and vegetable consumption were observed (p < 0.001). Despite these promising findings, we also find high levels of regular soda and energy-dense food consumption. CONCLUSION This study revealed a general understanding that healthy dietary habits are associated with fruit and vegetable consumption among Latinos in two urban neighborhoods. However, there is a need for more targeted health promotion and nutrition education efforts on the risks associated with soda and energy-dense food consumption to help improve dietary habits and obesity levels in low-income Latino communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mienah Z. Sharif
- UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD), United States
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, United States
| | - Shemra Rizzo
- UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD), United States
- UC Riverside, Department of Statistics, United States
| | - Enrique Marino
- UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD), United States
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, United States
| | - Thomas R. Belin
- UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD), United States
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, United States
| | - Deborah C. Glik
- UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD), United States
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, United States
| | - Alice A. Kuo
- UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD), United States
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, United States
| | - Alexander N. Ortega
- UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD), United States
- Drexel University, Dornsife School of Public Health, Department of Health Management & Policy, United States
| | - Michael L. Prelip
- UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD), United States
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, United States
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Ortega AN, Albert SL, Chan-Golston AM, Langellier BA, Glik DC, Belin TR, Garcia RE, Brookmeyer R, Sharif MZ, Prelip ML. Substantial improvements not seen in health behaviors following corner store conversions in two Latino food swamps. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:389. [PMID: 27169514 PMCID: PMC4864998 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effectiveness of food retail interventions is largely undetermined, yet substantial investments have been made to improve access to healthy foods in food deserts and swamps via grocery and corner store interventions. This study evaluated the effects of corner store conversions in East Los Angeles and Boyle Heights, California on perceived accessibility of healthy foods, perceptions of corner stores, store patronage, food purchasing, and eating behaviors. Methods Household data (n = 1686) were collected at baseline and 12- to 24-months post-intervention among residents surrounding eight stores, three of which implemented a multi-faceted intervention and five of which were comparisons. Bivariate analyses and logistic and linear regressions were employed to assess differences in time, treatment, and the interaction between time and treatment to determine the effectiveness of this intervention. Results Improvements were found in perceived healthy food accessibility and perceptions of corner stores. No changes were found, however, in store patronage, purchasing, or consumption of fruits and vegetables. Conclusions Results suggest limited effectiveness of food retail interventions on improving health behaviors. Future research should focus on other strategies to reduce community-level obesity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3074-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Ortega
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, Nesbitt Hall, Room 335, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Stephanie L Albert
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alec M Chan-Golston
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Brent A Langellier
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, Nesbitt Hall, Room 335, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Deborah C Glik
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas R Belin
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rosa Elena Garcia
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ron Brookmeyer
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mienah Z Sharif
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael L Prelip
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Alcalá HE, Sharif MZ, Albert SL. Social cohesion and the smoking behaviors of adults living with children. Addict Behav 2016; 53:201-5. [PMID: 26562680 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The smoking behavior of adults can negatively impact children through exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and by modeling this unhealthy behavior. Little research has examined the role of the social environment in smoking behaviors of adults living with children. The present study specifically analyzed the relationship between social cohesion and smoking behaviors of adults living with children. METHODS Data from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey, a random-digit dial cross-sectional survey of California Adults, were used. Adults living with children reported their levels of social cohesion and smoking behaviors (N=13,978). Logistic regression models were used to predict odds of being a current smoker or living in a household in which smoking was allowed, from social cohesion. RESULTS Overall, 13% of the sample was current smokers and 3.74% lived in households in which smoking was allowed. Logistic regression models showed that each one-unit increase in social cohesion is associated with reduced odds of being a current smoker (AOR=0.92; 95% CI=0.85-0.99) and reduced odds of living in a household in which smoking is allowed (AOR=0.84; 95% CI=0.75-0.93), after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Among adults living with children, higher social cohesion is associated with a lower likelihood of both being and smoker and living in a home where smoking is allowed. Thus, future research is needed to better understand mechanisms that explain the relationship between social cohesion and smoking-related behavior in order to prevent smoking-related health consequences and smoking initiation among children and adults.
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Ortega AN, Albert SL, Sharif MZ, Langellier BA, Garcia RE, Glik DC, Brookmeyer R, Chan-Golston AM, Friedlander S, Prelip ML. Proyecto MercadoFRESCO: a multi-level, community-engaged corner store intervention in East Los Angeles and Boyle Heights. J Community Health 2015; 40:347-56. [PMID: 25209600 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-014-9941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Urban food swamps are typically situated in low-income, minority communities and contribute to overweight and obesity. Changing the food landscape in low income and underserved communities is one strategy to combat the negative health consequences associated with the lack of access to healthy food resources and an abundance of unhealthy food venues. In this paper, we describe Proyecto MercadoFRESCO (Fresh Market Project), a corner store intervention project in East Los Angeles and Boyle Heights in California that used a multi-level approach with a broad range of community, business, and academic partners. These are two neighboring, predominantly Latino communities that have high rates of overweight and obesity. Located in these two communities are approximately 150 corner stores. The project used a community-engaged approach to select, recruit, and convert four corner stores, so that they could become healthy community assets in order to improve residents' access to and awareness of fresh and affordable fruits and vegetables in their immediate neighborhoods. We describe the study framework for the multi-level intervention, which includes having multiple stakeholders, expertise in corner store operations, community and youth engagement strategies, and social marketing campaigns. We also describe the evaluation and survey methodology to determine community and patron impact of the intervention. This paper provides a framework useful to a variety of public health stakeholders for implementing a community-engaged corner store conversion, particularly in an urban food swamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Ortega
- Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA,
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Sharif MZ, Garza JR, Langellier BA, Kuo AA, Glik DC, Prelip ML, Ortega AN. Mobilizing Young People in Community Efforts to Improve the Food Environment: Corner Store Conversions in East Los Angeles. Public Health Rep 2015; 130:406-15. [PMID: 26347230 DOI: 10.1177/003335491513000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mienah Z Sharif
- Mienah Sharif is a Research Assistant at the UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD) in Los Angeles, California, and a Doctor of Philosophy Student in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health in Los Angeles. Jeremiah Garza is a Doctor of Public Health Candidate in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Brent Langellier is an Assistant Professor in the Division of Health Promotion Sciences at the University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health in Tucson, Arizona. Alice Kuo is a Co-Investigator at the UCLA CPHHD, an Associate Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, and an Associate Professor in the Department of Pediatrics at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine in Los Angeles. Deborah Glik is a Project Co-Leader at the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Michael Prelip is a Project Co-Leader at the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Alexander Ortega is Director of the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
| | - Jeremiah R Garza
- Mienah Sharif is a Research Assistant at the UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD) in Los Angeles, California, and a Doctor of Philosophy Student in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health in Los Angeles. Jeremiah Garza is a Doctor of Public Health Candidate in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Brent Langellier is an Assistant Professor in the Division of Health Promotion Sciences at the University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health in Tucson, Arizona. Alice Kuo is a Co-Investigator at the UCLA CPHHD, an Associate Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, and an Associate Professor in the Department of Pediatrics at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine in Los Angeles. Deborah Glik is a Project Co-Leader at the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Michael Prelip is a Project Co-Leader at the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Alexander Ortega is Director of the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
| | - Brent A Langellier
- Mienah Sharif is a Research Assistant at the UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD) in Los Angeles, California, and a Doctor of Philosophy Student in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health in Los Angeles. Jeremiah Garza is a Doctor of Public Health Candidate in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Brent Langellier is an Assistant Professor in the Division of Health Promotion Sciences at the University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health in Tucson, Arizona. Alice Kuo is a Co-Investigator at the UCLA CPHHD, an Associate Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, and an Associate Professor in the Department of Pediatrics at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine in Los Angeles. Deborah Glik is a Project Co-Leader at the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Michael Prelip is a Project Co-Leader at the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Alexander Ortega is Director of the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
| | - Alice A Kuo
- Mienah Sharif is a Research Assistant at the UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD) in Los Angeles, California, and a Doctor of Philosophy Student in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health in Los Angeles. Jeremiah Garza is a Doctor of Public Health Candidate in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Brent Langellier is an Assistant Professor in the Division of Health Promotion Sciences at the University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health in Tucson, Arizona. Alice Kuo is a Co-Investigator at the UCLA CPHHD, an Associate Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, and an Associate Professor in the Department of Pediatrics at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine in Los Angeles. Deborah Glik is a Project Co-Leader at the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Michael Prelip is a Project Co-Leader at the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Alexander Ortega is Director of the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
| | - Deborah C Glik
- Mienah Sharif is a Research Assistant at the UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD) in Los Angeles, California, and a Doctor of Philosophy Student in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health in Los Angeles. Jeremiah Garza is a Doctor of Public Health Candidate in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Brent Langellier is an Assistant Professor in the Division of Health Promotion Sciences at the University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health in Tucson, Arizona. Alice Kuo is a Co-Investigator at the UCLA CPHHD, an Associate Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, and an Associate Professor in the Department of Pediatrics at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine in Los Angeles. Deborah Glik is a Project Co-Leader at the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Michael Prelip is a Project Co-Leader at the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Alexander Ortega is Director of the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
| | - Michael L Prelip
- Mienah Sharif is a Research Assistant at the UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD) in Los Angeles, California, and a Doctor of Philosophy Student in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health in Los Angeles. Jeremiah Garza is a Doctor of Public Health Candidate in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Brent Langellier is an Assistant Professor in the Division of Health Promotion Sciences at the University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health in Tucson, Arizona. Alice Kuo is a Co-Investigator at the UCLA CPHHD, an Associate Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, and an Associate Professor in the Department of Pediatrics at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine in Los Angeles. Deborah Glik is a Project Co-Leader at the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Michael Prelip is a Project Co-Leader at the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Alexander Ortega is Director of the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
| | - Alexander N Ortega
- Mienah Sharif is a Research Assistant at the UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD) in Los Angeles, California, and a Doctor of Philosophy Student in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health in Los Angeles. Jeremiah Garza is a Doctor of Public Health Candidate in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Brent Langellier is an Assistant Professor in the Division of Health Promotion Sciences at the University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health in Tucson, Arizona. Alice Kuo is a Co-Investigator at the UCLA CPHHD, an Associate Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, and an Associate Professor in the Department of Pediatrics at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine in Los Angeles. Deborah Glik is a Project Co-Leader at the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Michael Prelip is a Project Co-Leader at the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health. Alexander Ortega is Director of the UCLA CPHHD and a Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
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Sharif MZ, Rizzo S, Prelip ML, Glik DC, Belin TR, Langellier BA, Kuo AA, Garza JR, Ortega AN. The association between nutrition facts label utilization and comprehension among Latinos in two east Los Angeles neighborhoods. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114:1915-22. [PMID: 24974172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Nutrition Facts label can facilitate healthy dietary practices. There is a dearth of research on Latinos' utilization and comprehension of the Nutrition Facts label. OBJECTIVE To measure use and comprehension of the Nutrition Facts label and to identify correlates among Latinos in East Los Angeles, CA. DESIGN Cross-sectional interviewer-administered survey using computer-assisted personal interview software, conducted in either English or Spanish in the participant's home. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Eligibility criteria were: living in a household within the block clusters identified, being age 18 years or older, speaking English or Spanish, identifying as Latino and as the household's main food purchaser and preparer. Analyses were based on 269 eligible respondents. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED χ(2) test and multivariate logistic regression analysis assessed the associations among the main outcomes and demographics. Multiple imputations addressed missing data. RESULTS Sixty percent reported using the label; only 13% showed adequate comprehension of the label. Utilization was associated with being female, speaking Spanish, and being below the poverty line. Comprehension was associated with younger age, not being married, and higher education. Utilization was not associated with comprehension. CONCLUSIONS Latinos who are using the Nutrition Facts label are not correctly interpreting the available information. Targeted education is needed to improve use and comprehension of the Nutrition Facts label to directly improve diet, particularly among males, older Latinos, and those with less than a high school education.
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Slusser WM, Sharif MZ, Erausquin JT, Kinsler JJ, Collin D, Prelip ML. Improving Overweight among At-risk Minority Youth: Results of a Pilot Intervention in After-school Programs. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2013; 24:12-24. [DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2013.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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