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Barbosa AD, Long M, Lee W, Austen JM, Cunneen M, Ratchford A, Burns B, Kumarasinghe P, Ben-Othman R, Kollmann TR, Stewart CR, Beaman M, Parry R, Hall R, Tabor A, O’Donovan J, Faddy HM, Collins M, Cheng AC, Stenos J, Graves S, Oskam CL, Ryan UM, Irwin PJ. The Troublesome Ticks Research Protocol: Developing a Comprehensive, Multidiscipline Research Plan for Investigating Human Tick-Associated Disease in Australia. Pathogens 2022; 11:1290. [PMID: 36365042 PMCID: PMC9694322 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In Australia, there is a paucity of data about the extent and impact of zoonotic tick-related illnesses. Even less is understood about a multifaceted illness referred to as Debilitating Symptom Complexes Attributed to Ticks (DSCATT). Here, we describe a research plan for investigating the aetiology, pathophysiology, and clinical outcomes of human tick-associated disease in Australia. Our approach focuses on the transmission of potential pathogens and the immunological responses of the patient after a tick bite. The protocol is strengthened by prospective data collection, the recruitment of two external matched control groups, and sophisticated integrative data analysis which, collectively, will allow the robust demonstration of associations between a tick bite and the development of clinical and pathological abnormalities. Various laboratory analyses are performed including metagenomics to investigate the potential transmission of bacteria, protozoa and/or viruses during tick bite. In addition, multi-omics technology is applied to investigate links between host immune responses and potential infectious and non-infectious disease causations. Psychometric profiling is also used to investigate whether psychological attributes influence symptom development. This research will fill important knowledge gaps about tick-borne diseases. Ultimately, we hope the results will promote improved diagnostic outcomes, and inform the safe management and treatment of patients bitten by ticks in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D. Barbosa
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia 70040-020, DF, Brazil
| | - Michelle Long
- Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Wenna Lee
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Jill M. Austen
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Mike Cunneen
- The App Workshop Pty Ltd., Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Andrew Ratchford
- Emergency Department, Northern Beaches Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2086, Australia
- School of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Brian Burns
- Emergency Department, Northern Beaches Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2086, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Prasad Kumarasinghe
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Dermatology, Hollywood Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | | | - Cameron R. Stewart
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Miles Beaman
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
| | - Rhys Parry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Roy Hall
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ala Tabor
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre of Animal Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Justine O’Donovan
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, QLD 4502, Australia
| | - Marjorie Collins
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Allen C. Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - John Stenos
- Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Stephen Graves
- Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Charlotte L. Oskam
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Una M. Ryan
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Peter J. Irwin
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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Shield J, Braat S, Watts M, Robertson G, Beaman M, McLeod J, Baird RW, Hart J, Robson J, Lee R, McKessar S, Nicholson S, Mayer-Coverdale J, Biggs BA. Seropositivity and geographical distribution of Strongyloides stercoralis in Australia: A study of pathology laboratory data from 2012-2016. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009160. [PMID: 33690623 PMCID: PMC7978363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are no national prevalence studies of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Australia, although it is known to be endemic in northern Australia and is reported in high risk groups such as immigrants and returned travellers. We aimed to determine the seropositivity (number positive per 100,000 of population and percent positive of those tested) and geographical distribution of S. stercoralis by using data from pathology laboratories. Methodology We contacted all seven Australian laboratories that undertake Strongyloides serological (ELISA antibody) testing to request de-identified data from 2012–2016 inclusive. Six responded. One provided positive data only. The number of people positive, number negative and number tested per 100,000 of population (Australian Bureau of Statistics data) were calculated including for each state/territory, each Australian Bureau of Statistics Statistical Area Level 3 (region), and each suburb/town/community/locality. The data was summarized and expressed as maps of Australia and Greater Capital Cities. Principal findings We obtained data for 81,777 people who underwent serological testing for Strongyloides infection, 631 of whom were from a laboratory that provided positive data only. Overall, 32 (95% CI: 31, 33) people per 100,000 of population were seropositive, ranging between 23/100,000 (95% CI: 19, 29) (Tasmania) and 489/100,000 population (95%CI: 462, 517) (Northern Territory). Positive cases were detected across all states and territories, with the highest (260-996/100,000 and 17–40% of those tested) in regions across northern Australia, north-east New South Wales and north-west South Australia. Some regions in Greater Capital Cities also had a high seropositivity (112-188/100,000 and 17–20% of those tested). Relatively more males than females tested positive. Relatively more adults than children tested positive. Children were under-represented in the data. Conclusions/Significance The study confirms that substantial numbers of S. stercoralis infections occur in Australia and provides data to inform public health planning. Strongyloides stercoralis, a parasitic roundworm, is endemic in many countries world-wide. In Australia, groups at risk for strongyloidiasis include Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people, who acquired this parasite locally, and immigrants and returned travellers who acquired the infection outside Australia. We obtained deidentified results of ELISA IgG antibody tests for Strongyloides from diagnostic pathology laboratories during 2012 to 2016 and calculated the number of people who were positive at least once and the number who never had a positive result. We drew maps showing the number positive per 100,000 of population, the percent positive of those tested, and the number tested/100,000 for each region and the number positive in each suburb of residence according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The highest seropositivity (260-996/100,000 of population) was in Northern Australia, north-west South Australia and north-east New South Wales where many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people live in remote communities. There were also some regions in Greater Capital Cities with a high number of people positive per 100,000 of population (112-188/100,000), likely reflecting higher populations of immigrants and returned travellers who were infected outside Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Shield
- Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases at the Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sabine Braat
- Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases at the Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Watts
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Pathology West-ICPMR and Marie Bashir Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Miles Beaman
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James McLeod
- Territory Pathology, Alice Springs Hospital, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Robert W. Baird
- Territory Pathology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Julie Hart
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Robson
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Bowen Hills, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rogan Lee
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Pathology West-ICPMR and Marie Bashir Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Suellen Nicholson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Beverley-Ann Biggs
- Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases at the Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Disease Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Francis R, D'Souza P, D'Souza R, Beaman M, Hamad S. An Unusual Cause of Peritoneal Dialysate Drainage Failure — Inadvertent Placement of Tenckhoff Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter into an Occult Inguinal Hernia. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080402400419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R.S. Francis
- Renal Unit Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Wonford) Exeter EX2 5DW United Kingdom
| | - P. D'Souza
- Renal Unit Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Wonford) Exeter EX2 5DW United Kingdom
| | - R.J. D'Souza
- Renal Unit Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Wonford) Exeter EX2 5DW United Kingdom
| | - M. Beaman
- Renal Unit Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Wonford) Exeter EX2 5DW United Kingdom
| | - S. Hamad
- Department of Surgery Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Wonford) Exeter EX2 5DW United Kingdom
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Beaman M, Feehally I, Smith B, Walls I. Anterior Abdominal Wall Leakage in CAPD Patients; Management by Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686088500500128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Beaman
- Area Renal Unit Leicester General Hospital Gwendolen Road Leicester LES 4PW
| | - I. Feehally
- Area Renal Unit Leicester General Hospital Gwendolen Road Leicester LES 4PW
| | - B.A. Smith
- Area Renal Unit Leicester General Hospital Gwendolen Road Leicester LES 4PW
| | - I. Walls
- Area Renal Unit Leicester General Hospital Gwendolen Road Leicester LES 4PW
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Affiliation(s)
- S.D. Parvin
- Department of Surgery and Area Renal Unit Leicester General Hospital Gwendolen Road Leicester LES 4PW UK
| | - M. Beaman
- Department of Surgery and Area Renal Unit Leicester General Hospital Gwendolen Road Leicester LES 4PW UK
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Whiley DM, Trembizki E, Buckley C, Freeman K, Baird RW, Beaman M, Chen M, Donovan B, Kundu RL, Fairley CK, Guy R, Hogan T, Kaldor JM, Karimi M, Limnios A, Regan DG, Ryder N, Su JY, Ward J, Lahra MM. Molecular Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Northern Territory, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:1478-1485. [PMID: 28820128 PMCID: PMC5572890 DOI: 10.3201/eid2309.170427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a globally recognized health threat; new strategies are needed to enhance AMR surveillance. The Northern Territory of Australia is unique in that 2 different first-line therapies, based primarily on geographic location, are used for gonorrhea treatment. We tested 1,629 N. gonorrhoeae nucleic acid amplification test–positive clinical samples, collected from regions where ceftriaxone plus azithromycin or amoxicillin plus azithromycin are recommended first-line treatments, by using 8 N. gonorrhoeae AMR PCR assays. We compared results with those from routine culture-based surveillance data. PCR data confirmed an absence of ceftriaxone resistance and a low level of azithromycin resistance (0.2%), and that penicillin resistance was <5% in amoxicillin plus azithromycin regions. Rates of ciprofloxacin resistance and penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae were lower when molecular methods were used. Molecular methods to detect N. gonorrhoeae AMR can increase the evidence base for treatment guidelines, particularly in settings where culture-based surveillance is limited.
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Davies J, Li SQ, Tong SY, Baird RW, Beaman M, Higgins G, Cowie BC, Condon JR, Davis JS. Establishing contemporary trends in hepatitis B sero-epidemiology in an Indigenous population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184082. [PMID: 28886050 PMCID: PMC5590876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigenous populations globally are disproportionately affected by chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection however contemporary sero-prevalence data are often absent. In the Indigenous population of the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia the unique C4 sub-genotype of HBV universally circulates. There are no studies of the sero-prevalence, nor the impact of the vaccination program (which has a serotype mismatch compared to C4), at a population-wide level. METHODS We examined all available HBV serology results obtained from the three main laboratories serving NT residents between 1991 and 2011. Data were linked with a NT government database to determine Indigenous status and the most recent test results for each individual were extracted as a cross-sectional database including 88,112 unique individuals. The primary aim was to obtain a contemporary estimate of HBsAg positivity for the NT by Indigenous status. RESULTS Based on all tests from 2007-2011 (35,633 individuals), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity was 3·40% (95%CI 3·19-3·61), being higher in Indigenous (6·08%[5·65%-6·53%]) than non-Indigenous (1·56%[1·38%-1·76%]) Australians, p<0·0001. Birth cohort analysis showed HBsAg positivity fell over time for Indigenous people, with this decrease commencing prior to universal infant vaccination (which commenced in 1990), with an ongoing but slower rate of decline since 1990, (0·23% decrease per year versus 0·17%). CONCLUSIONS HBsAg positivity is high in the NT, particularly in the Indigenous population. HBsAg positivity has fallen over time but a substantial part of this decrease is due to factors other than the universal vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Davies
- Department of Global and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- The Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Shu Qin Li
- Health Gains Planning Branch, Northern Territory Department of Health, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Steven Y. Tong
- Department of Global and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rob W. Baird
- Territory Pathology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Miles Beaman
- Western Diagnostic Pathology, Myaree, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin C. Cowie
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John R. Condon
- Department of Global and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Health Gains Planning Branch, Northern Territory Department of Health, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Joshua S. Davis
- Department of Global and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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Meumann EM, Andersson P, Yeaman F, Oldfield S, Lilliebridge R, Bentley SD, Krause V, Beaman M, Currie BJ, Holt DC, Giffard PM, Tong SYC. Whole genome sequencing to investigate a putative outbreak of the virulent community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST93 clone in a remote Indigenous community. Microb Genom 2016; 2:e000098. [PMID: 28348837 PMCID: PMC5359412 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report two cases of severe pneumonia due to clone ST93 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presenting from a remote Australian Indigenous community within a 2-week period, and the utilization of whole genome sequences to determine whether these were part of an outbreak. S. aureus was isolated from 12 of 92 nasal swabs collected from 25 community households (including the two index households); one isolate was ST93. Three of five skin lesion S. aureus isolates obtained at the community were ST93. Whole genome sequencing of the ST93 isolates from this study and a further 20 ST93 isolates from the same region suggested that recent transmission and progression to disease had not taken place. The proximity in time and space of the two severe pneumonia cases is probably a reflection of the high burden of disease due to ST93 MRSA in this population where skin infections and household crowding are common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella M Meumann
- 3Centre for Disease Control, Department of Health, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,2Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,1Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Patiyan Andersson
- 1Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Fiona Yeaman
- 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Sarah Oldfield
- 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Rachael Lilliebridge
- 1Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | | | - Vicki Krause
- 3Centre for Disease Control, Department of Health, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Miles Beaman
- 5School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bart J Currie
- 1Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,2Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Deborah C Holt
- 1Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Philip M Giffard
- 1Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Steven Y C Tong
- 1Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,2Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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9
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Cacciò SM, Sannella AR, Bruno A, Stensvold CR, David EB, Guimarães S, Manuali E, Magistrali C, Mahdad K, Beaman M, Maserati R, Tosini F, Pozio E. Multilocus sequence typing of Dientamoeba fragilis identified a major clone with widespread geographical distribution. Int J Parasitol 2016; 46:793-798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Whipple's disease (WD) of the brain without evidence of systemic involvement is a rare illness that is difficult to recognize and potentially life-threatening. AIM To elucidate the clinical features and diagnosis of primary WD of the brain. DESIGN A single case study, with review of published data. METHODS We linked the information about our patient with 956 citations to published WD material. We were able to identify 19 other patients with primary WD of the brain. RESULTS Our patient was a 48-year-old woman who presented 2 years ago with generalized tonic/clonic seizures. WD of the brain was diagnosed after a life-threatening subacute deterioration leading to reduced consciousness and eye movement abnormalities. She had atrophy and gliosis of the right hippocampal formation, and nodular enhanc-ing lesions. She developed the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, blepharospasm with a complete paralysis of vertical gaze, a severe amnesic syndrome, obstructive sleep apnoea, altered sleep physiology and CSF oligoclonal bands. Primary WD of the brain was diagnosed after PCR confirmed Tropheryma whipplei DNA in CSF and blood. She recovered after intravenous methylprednisolone, meropenem and cotrimoxazole. She has now survived for 24 months, lives independently and drives. Comparing our patient with the 19 others, two clinical syndromes were apparent, in both adults and children: (i) multifarious neurological symptoms and signs with a CT or MRI showing multiple nodular enhancing lesions; (ii) focal neurology secondary to solitary mass lesions. DISCUSSION Primary WD of the brain may be diagnosed by recognition of these two clinical syndromes, and confirmed by the application of molecular biological techniques such as PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Panegyres
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Research, Suite 33, 146 Mounts Bay Road, Perth WA 6000, Australia.
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11
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common infection with serious health consequences. Alternative therapies are often used for hepatitis C. The aim of the present study was to examine CH100, a Chinese herbal remedy, for efficacy in therapy of chronic HCV. METHODS A randomized double blind placebo-controlled study in a tertiary outpatient clinic of CH100 over 24 weeks with 24 weeks follow-up in patients with chronic HCV infection. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HCV-RNA, quality of life (by SF-36) and side-effects were examined regularly. Ninety-seven patients were enrolled of which 91 were suitable for analysis. RESULTS No significant differences were observed between patients receiving CH100 (n = 61) or placebo (n = 30) at baseline or during follow-up in either ALT or viral titer. However, patients receiving CH100 had a fall in mean ALT over time (P = 0.05 at week 4, P = 0.26 at week 12, and P = 0.04 at week 24), with reversion to baseline during post-treatment follow up. No significant side-effects were observed although mild complaints were common. Quality of life scores improved in both groups with time, and bodily pain significantly improved in CH100 recipients. CONCLUSION CH100 appears to be no better than placebo in the treatment of patients with chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Mollison
- School of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Satchell SC, Nicholls AJ, D'Souza RJ, Beaman M. Renal vasculitis: increasingly a disease of the elderly? Nephron Clin Pract 2005; 97:c142-6. [PMID: 15331937 DOI: 10.1159/000079173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2003] [Accepted: 04/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The majority of patients presenting to our district general hospital with renal vasculitis are elderly. Older patients respond less well to treatment and have a poorer prognosis. We investigated the relationship between age and outcome of renal vasculitis in our centre and examined the evidence regarding treatment of elderly patients with this condition. METHODS Patients presenting over a 2-year period with renal vasculitis were identified by clinical and histological features and by antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody positivity. They were followed for a mean of 15 months and outcomes were recorded. Results were compared with published studies. RESULTS The mean age at presentation of 21 patients was 69 years. Forty-eight percent required dialysis and there was a 33% overall mortality. The mean age of patients in previous treatment studies has been between 50 and 55 years. CONCLUSIONS The greater severity of disease at presentation and poorer outcome than previously described is likely to be due to the high proportion of elderly patients. The incidence of vasculitis is increasing in the elderly but as this group has been poorly represented in clinical trials in renal vasculitis, applying the findings of these trials to their treatment may be hazardous. Future research should determine which treatments are safe and effective in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Satchell
- Renal Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK.
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13
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Francis RS, D'Souza P, D'Souza RJ, Beaman M, Hamad S. An unusual cause of peritoneal dialysate drainage failure--inadvertent placement of Tenckhoff peritoneal dialysis catheter into an occult inguinal hernia. Perit Dial Int 2004; 24:405-6. [PMID: 15335158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE To explore nurse practitioners' (NPs) perceptions of their own caring behaviors, the relationship between sociodemographic variables, environmental factors, and NP's perceptions of their caring behaviors. DATA SOURCES A mailed survey to a systematic random sample of 200 members of an Illinois NP group. CONCLUSIONS The top ten caring behaviors in rank order were appreciating the patient as a human being, showing respect for the patient, being sensitive to the patient, talking with the patient, treating patient information confidentially, treating the patient as an individual, encouraging the patient to call with problems, being honest with the patient, and listening attentively to the patient. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The quality of instruction in the biomedical aspect of nursing education is relatively easily assessed. Caring is nurses' hidden work that may go unrecognized except when the caring behaviors are missed by the patients or their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Brunton
- Springfield Clinic, Springfield, Illinois, USA.
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15
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Greenhalgh T, Herxheimer A, Isaacs AJ, Beaman M, Morris J, Farrow S. Commercial partnerships in chronic disease management: proceeding with caution. BMJ 2000; 320:566-8. [PMID: 10688567 PMCID: PMC1117604 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.320.7234.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Greenhalgh
- Department of Primary Care, University College Medical School, London N19 3UA.
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Pearson ER, D'Souza RJ, Hamilton-Wood C, Nicholls AJ, Beaman M. Hypertensive encephalopathy and nephrotic syndrome: a possible link? Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999; 14:1750-2. [PMID: 10435888 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/14.7.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E R Pearson
- Renal Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, Devon, UK
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Satchell
- Department of Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
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18
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Bingham C, Beaman M, Nicholls AJ, Anthony PP. Necrotizing renal vasculopathy resulting in chronic renal failure after ingestion of methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('ecstasy'). Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13:2654-5. [PMID: 9794581 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/13.10.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Bingham
- Exeter Kidney Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Wonford), UK
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19
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Lewis DM, Bingham C, Beaman M, Nicholls AJ, Riad HN. Polypropylene mesh hernia repair--an alternative permitting rapid return to peritoneal dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13:2488-9. [PMID: 9794549 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/13.10.2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D M Lewis
- Renal Unit, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral edema, in combination with severe proteinuria and low serum albumin levels, is pathognomonic of the nephrotic syndrome, yet the exact mechanism of its formation is unknown. Two of the most important of the factors in Starling's forces controlling fluid filtration across the capillary have hitherto not been studied in nephrotic subjects. METHODS The hydrostatic capillary pressure at the finger nail-fold in actively nephrotic subjects and age and sex matched controls was studied, using direct puncture of the apex of the capillary under video microscopy, and a servonulling apparatus to give a direct measurement of capillary pressure. Capillary filtration capacity (CFC) at the calf was measured noninvasively by a modern derivative of the technique of mercury strain gauge plethysmography. Fifteen nephrotic subjects with a variety of underlying pathological lesions, and age matched controls were studied. RESULTS Contrary to the assumption of the "overflow" hypothesis of edema formation, there was no evidence of capillary hypertension. The capillary pressure showed no difference between nephrotic subjects and controls: median (range) of 17.6 (12.0 to 24.2) compared with 17.3 (9.0 to 21.6) mm Hg, P = NS. CFC was significantly higher in nephrotic subjects than controls [5.23 (3.28 to 8.52) x 10(-3) versus 3.55 (2.43 to 5.28) x 10(-3) ml/min/100 g/mm Hg, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS An increase in CFC provides a potentially novel mechanism contributing at least in part to the formation of peripheral edema in the nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Lewis
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, and Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter, England, United Kingdom.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Lewis
- Renal Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
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22
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Gorrie M, Thomson G, Lewis DM, Boyce M, Riad HN, Beaman M, Nicholls AJ. Dose titration during anti-thymocyte globulin therapy: monitoring by CD3 count or total lymphocyte count? Clin Lab Haematol 1997; 19:53-6. [PMID: 9146948 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2257.1997.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is extensively used for both prophylaxis and treatment of rejection episodes in renal transplantation, but it is expensive and potentially hazardous. We report the utility of therapeutic monitoring by the readily available total lymphocyte count, compared with the more complex and expensive assay of CD3 counts by flow cytometry in eight renal transplant patients receiving ATG. Aiming for an absolute CD3 count of 0.2-0.5 x 10(9)/l, it was possible to reduce the mean daily dose of ATG from the recommended 2.5 mg/kg/d to a mean of 1.6 mg/kg/d. Analysis of simultaneously taken total lymphocyte counts showed that the same dose reductions could have been made if the target for therapeutic effect had been a total lymphocyte count of < 0.3 x 10(9)/l. Anti-rejection therapy was successful in all cases, with satisfactory graft function at 6-9 months post-therapy. Lower than recommended doses of ATG proved effective prophylaxis and treatment of renal allograft rejection, with considerable cost savings. A simple protocol may be followed titrating dose against total lymphocyte count, provided it remains below 0.3 x 10(9)/l. CD3 estimation can be reserved for those times when the total lymphocyte count rises to 0.3 x 10(9)/l or above.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gorrie
- Department of Haematology, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, UK
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23
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Abstract
Rapid ascent to altitude risks the development of acute mountain sickness. This study demonstrates changes in peripheral capillary filtration coefficient and renal protein loss in subjects suffering from various degrees of mountain sickness after passive ascent to 4559 m. Capillary filtration coefficient of the calf capillary bed, measured by computer-based multistep strain gauge plethysmography, increased significantly after 23.5 h at altitude when symptoms were most severe: 4.45 (2.76-6.03) to 6.31 (3.86-11.07) ml min(-1) per 100 g of tissue mmHg(-1), median (range) (P < 0.02). Urinary albumin excretion was increased after one night at altitude from 1.1 (0.6-1.5) to 2.45 (1.0-6-8) mg of albumin per mmol of creatinine (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate simultaneous leakage of a peripheral capillary bed to fluid measured by strain gauge plethysmography, and renal albumin leak, and suggest a systemic process of increased capillary leakage for different-sized molecules caused by rapid exposure to hypobaric hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Lewis
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
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24
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Abstract
This descriptive correlation study determined the attitudes and behaviors of obstetrics nurses toward breastfeeding and early lactation. Maternity nursing staff at 20 Midwestern hospitals, representing all levels of prenatal care in urban and rural settings, voluntarily answered a 19-item questionnaire. A total of 230 anonymous responses were received. Sixty-four percent of the nurses would recommend or actively encourage breastfeeding and were very interested in helping a woman learn how to breastfeed. Time factors, including shortened length of stay, and lack of knowledge were perceived to be the primary barriers for nurses in assisting mothers to breastfeed. Nurses who cited length of stay as a barrier had more years in obstetric nursing (p < .05). Level of nurses' education correlated positively to active encouragement and support of breastfeeding (p = .024), as well as personal breastfeeding experience (p = .02). The average discharge breastfeeding rate at the study hospitals was 40 percent, well below the national average of 56 percent. Both education and personal experience influence the nurse's attitudes and behaviors in the promotion of breastfeeding. These nurses perceived breastfeeding support as too time-consuming, which suggests that they have not fully adapted to shorter obstetric stays. Nurses need support and continuing education to identify personal bias and knowledge deficits which hinder breastfeeding promotion.
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25
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Luqmani RA, Bacon PA, Beaman M, Scott DG, Emery P, Lee SJ, Howie AJ, Richards N, Michael J, Adu D. Classical versus non-renal Wegener's granulomatosis. Q J Med 1994; 87:161-7. [PMID: 8208904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether 'limited' or 'non-renal' Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) differs from classical or 'renal' WG. Renal WG is characterized by necrotizing granulomatosis of the upper and or lower respiratory tract, accompanied by systemic vasculitis and focal segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis. This last feature is absent in non-renal WG. In a prospective follow-up study of all identified cases presenting to a single teaching hospital, we reviewed 22 patients with non-renal WG, and compared their presentation and outcome with that of 28 patients with renal WG. Clinical and laboratory assessment of disease activity, frequency of death, relapse and end-stage renal disease were assessed. The two groups differed in clinical presentation, laboratory features and outcome. The group with non-renal WG had less cutaneous and pulmonary disease; the haemoglobin, white cell count and platelet count tended to be normal. Residual mortality was confined to the renal group. However, the groups shared many features, particularly their requirement for immunosuppressive therapy, since WG causes major tissue destruction regardless of whether it is a localized or widespread process. At the immunopathological level, the two groups appear to be part of a single disease spectrum. Importantly, the non-renal WG group may change the pattern of their disease to involve the kidney. Long-term follow-up of such patients is therefore essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Luqmani
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical School, University of Birmingham, UK
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gorrie
- Renal Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital
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27
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Boyd MA, Williams L, Evenson R, Eckert A, Beaman M, Carr TR. A Target Weight Procedure for Disordered Water Balance in Long-Term Care Facilities. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 1992; 30:22-7. [PMID: 1494151 DOI: 10.3928/0279-3695-19921201-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
1. Water intoxication is a severe complication of disordered water balance. Hyponatremia precedes water intoxication and can be identified through abnormal diurnal weight variation. 2. The St. Louis Target Weight Procedure (STWP) is a nonintrusive method that includes a client's baseline weight, frequent weights throughout the day, a target weight of 5% above the baseline weight, and restricted fluids if the target weight is exceeded. 3. The STWP was positively related to an increase in urine concentration; thus it is successful in restoring normal fluid balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Boyd
- Southern Illinois University, School of Nursing, Edwardsville 62026-1066
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28
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MacDiarmaid-Gordon AR, O'Connor M, Beaman M, Ackrill P. Neurotoxicity associated with oral acyclovir in patients undergoing dialysis. Nephron Clin Pract 1992; 62:280-3. [PMID: 1436338 DOI: 10.1159/000187059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity associated with intravenous acyclovir therapy is well documented. We report 4 cases of acyclovir-induced neurotoxicity in dialysis patients receiving oral therapy at a reduced dose.
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29
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Abstract
A brother and sister sibling pair with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) are described. Previous reports of familial WG are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Hay
- Rheumatism Research Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary
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30
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Berisa F, Beaman M, Adu D, McGonigle RJ, Michael J, Downing R, Fielding JW, Dunn J. Prognostic factors in acute renal failure following aortic aneurysm surgery. Q J Med 1990; 76:689-98. [PMID: 2217673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study analyses the prognostic factors associated with survival in 70 patients who developed acute renal failure following surgery for an aortic aneurysm. Forty-nine patients (70 per cent) had surgery for a ruptured aortic aneurysm and 21 patients (30 per cent) had an elective procedure. Fifty-nine patients received haemodialysis. Thirty-three patients (47 per cent) survived the episode of acute renal failure. Six of these thirty-three patients died within three months of recovering from acute renal failure, giving an overall survival of 27/70 (39 per cent). A stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors significantly adversely affected survival: a need for inotropic support, ventilation for more than three days and age over 65 years. A model developed using these variables provided a basis for predicting outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Berisa
- Department of Nephrology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham
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31
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Abstract
Thirteen patients with end-stage renal disease aged 70 years have been successfully treated by chronic dialysis treatment. Despite many problems associated with the elderly, a good quality of life was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Berisa
- Renal Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham
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32
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Howie AJ, Kizaki T, Beaman M, Morland CM, Birtwistle RJ, Adu D, Michael J, Williams AJ, Walls J, Matsuyama M. Different types of segmental sclerosing glomerular lesions in six experimental models of proteinuria. J Pathol 1989; 157:141-51. [PMID: 2921674 DOI: 10.1002/path.1711570209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
From 133 to 615 glomeruli were examined in sections of kidneys from each of 60 animals, representing six rodent models of proteinuria. Particular attention was paid to the position of segmental lesions. Lewis rats given sheep anti-rat glomerular basement membrane antibodies had lesions almost exclusively at the glomerulo-tubular junction. Wistar rats on a diet of 24 per cent casein or with subtotal nephrectomy and a diet of 24 per cent soya had lesions mainly at the hilum. Wistar rats given bovine serum albumin had global lesions but virtually no segmental lesions. Wistar rats given puromycin aminonucleoside had lesions at the glomerulo-tubular junction and global mesangial abnormalities shortly after the treatment but later developed segmental lesions at all parts of the glomerulus. Untreated BUF/Mna rats had lesions at the glomerulo-tubular junction early in life but later had lesions at all parts of the glomerulus. Untreated NZB/NZW hybrid mice had various types of glomerulonephritis and also had lesions at the glomerulo-tubular junction. These findings showed that (1) segmental lesions at the glomerulo-tubular junction, or glomerular tip, occur in experimental animals, a fact not previously reported, and these tip changes are a common feature in several different models of proteinuria; (2) hilar segmental lesions are seen in conditions with hyperfiltration of protein; and (3) segmental lesions at various parts of the glomerulus are seen in some models of proteinuria and probably indicate late effects of random toxic damage to the glomerulus. Thus, there are at least three different types of segmental glomerular lesions in experimental animals--tip, hilar, and random--with different morphology and pathogenesis. It is likely that these findings can be extended to human renal diseases with segmental glomerular lesions. This will help to clarify the controversial and unsatisfactory term focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Howie
- Department of Pathology, University of Birmingham, Medical School, U.K
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33
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Beaman M. How to perform a renal biopsy. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 1989; 41:158-60. [PMID: 2653533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A percutaneous renal biopsy is an important investigative procedure in many patients with renal disease. The procedure described below is easy and safe to perform in competent hands, but requires experienced histological support if clinical management is to be optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beaman
- Department of Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham
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34
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Abstract
During the 6-year period 1981-1987, 309 patients started chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), of whom 75 (24%) had diabetes. Despite severe peripheral vascular problems (20%), ischaemic heart disease (90%), and complete blindness (21%) the 1-year patient survival on CAPD was 88%. The actuarial patient survival for diabetic patients was similar to that of the non-diabetic cohort over the first 18 months but fell to 48% (compared to 70% in non-diabetic patients) at 3 years. Complications associated with CAPD, including the incidence of peritonitis, were no different between the diabetic and non-diabetic patient populations. Successful treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in diabetic patients can be achieved and justified in a liberal selection programme for the treatment of diabetic ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Berisa
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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35
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Abstract
Antibody responses against pneumococcal capsular antigens and tetanus toxoid were measured in 14 patients with chronic renal failure who were managed by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or haemodialysis (HD) and in eight healthy controls. IgG antipneumococcal responses were predominantly of the IgG2 and to a lesser extent IgG1 subclasses, while the IgG response against tetanus toxoid was largely IgG1 with smaller amounts of IgG4 and IgG3. The post-immunisation serum levels of IgG1 and IgM antibody against both antigens were significantly reduced in the uraemic patients compared with controls (P less than 0.05). All the uraemic patients had normal levels of IgG, IgA and IgM in the serum, but elevated levels of IgG3 prior to immunisation. The mechanisms responsible for the asymmetric depression of antibody responses in uraemia are unclear and may account in part for the increased susceptibility to infection in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beaman
- Department of Nephrology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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36
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Abstract
102 episodes of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) peritonitis were studied prospectively during a 288-day period at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham. Organisms were isolated from 76% of the episodes, with coagulase-negative staphylococci, being the most commonly encountered organism (55%). Initial treatment consisted of intraperitoneal vancomycin and ceftazidime with subsequent adjustment on the basis of antibiotic sensitivities. With this regimen, 83% of the positive cultures became negative by 72 h, 9.8% of cases relapsed and removal of the CAPD catheter was necessary in 8 patients (7.8%). Overall, 92% of cases were cured. No adverse drug reactions were seen. This combination of antibiotics appears effective and safe in the treatment of CAPD peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beaman
- Department of Nephrology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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37
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Beaman M, Oldfield S, MacLennan IC, Michael J, Adu D. Hypogammaglobulinaemia in nephrotic rats is attributable to hypercatabolism of IgG. Clin Exp Immunol 1988; 74:425-30. [PMID: 3233791 PMCID: PMC1542039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the nephrotic syndrome induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PA) in rats on specific antibody responses to 2,4 dinitrophenyl (DNP) conjugated to either spider crab haemocyanin (MSH), a T cell-dependent antigen, or hydroxyethyl starch (HES), a T cell-independent type 2 antigen were studied. The serum IgG anti-DNP levels following immunization with both antigens were reduced in nephrotic animals compared with controls while IgM anti-DNP antibody titres were higher. The half-life of IgG anti-DNP antibodies passively transferred into non-immunized nephrotic rats was markedly reduced while the half-life of anti-DNP antibodies of the IgM class was comparable to that in controls. Low serum IgG and elevated IgM levels were seen in nephrotic animals compared to controls. Antibody-forming cells specific for DNP were demonstrated by immunohistology on rat spleens and the numbers of both IgG and IgM-producing cells were found to be significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in nephrotic animals in response to both DNP-HES and DNP-MSH. These data indicate that in nephrotic rats the alteration seen in the serum immunoglobulin levels is not attributable to reduced antibody production but increased catabolism of serum IgG antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beaman
- Department of Nephrology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham
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38
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Beaman M, Adu D. Mesangial IgA nephropathy: an autoimmune cause of hypertension? J Hum Hypertens 1988; 2:139-41. [PMID: 3070036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Beaman
- Department of Nephrology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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39
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Abstract
Fourteen immunosuppressed patients with Pneumocystis carinii infection presented in two clusters that were separated by 2 years. The diagnosis in all cases was made early by alveolar lavage with cytology. The first group of seven patients was immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide or azathioprine and prednisolone. All recovered with high dose co-trimoxazole. The second group of seven patients was on prednisolone and cyclosporin A. Despite identical treatment three patients died and a further two who survived lost their grafts from rejection. Our data suggest that cyclosporin A adversely affects the prognosis from Pneumocystis carinii infection and raises the question of prophylactic co-trimoxazole in these patients. The clustering of Pneumocystis carinii infection suggests the possibility of nosocomial transmission although in this study we were unable to implicate person-to-person spread of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J McGonigle
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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40
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41
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Oldfield S, Liu YJ, Beaman M, MacLennan CM. Memory B cells generated in T cell-dependent antibody responses colonise the splenic marginal zone. Adv Exp Med Biol 1988; 237:93-8. [PMID: 3267073 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5535-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Oldfield
- Dept. of Immunology, University of Birmingham, U.K
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42
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Beaman M, Birtwistle R, Howie AJ, Michael J, Adu D. The role of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in glomerular injury induced by puromycin aminonucleoside in rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 1987; 73:329-32. [PMID: 2820648 DOI: 10.1042/cs0730329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
1. The nephrotic syndrome was induced in inbred female Wistar rats by the intravenous injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PA) (5 mg/100 g body weight). 2. One group (n = 12) received superoxide dismutase (SOD) (15 mg/kg body weight), a second group (n = 12) received polyethylene glycol coupled catalase (PEG-catalase) (5000 i.u./kg body weight) and the third (n = 9) saline (150 mmol/l NaCl) via the intraperitoneal route, in addition to the PA. 3. SOD and PEG-catalase reduced the 24 h urine protein on days 8 and 15 compared with unmodified puromycin treated animals and this difference was significant on day 15 for SOD (P less than 0.05) and for PEG-catalase (P less than 0.01). Glomerular filtration rate, as measured by the creatinine clearance, was lower in the PEG-catalase group but did not differ significantly from the saline treated group. 4. These data suggest that superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, or their reaction products, are involved in the glomerular injury of puromycin nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beaman
- Renal Research Laboratory, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, U.K
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43
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Abstract
We report a 53 year old man with chronic renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Following eight episodes of severe peritonitis over a 2 year period, he died and was found to have widespread AA amyloid at post-mortem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beaman
- Department of Nephrology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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44
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Abstract
We describe four patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis who developed proteinuria and microscopic haematuria. Renal biopsy demonstrated a mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with mesangial deposits of IgA. These data suggest a possible causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and IgA nephropathy.
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45
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Beaman M, Howie AJ, Hardwicke J, Michael J, Adu D. The glomerular tip lesion: a steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome. Clin Nephrol 1987; 27:217-21. [PMID: 3594937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The glomerular tip nephropathy is a cause of the nephrotic syndrome and has distinct pathological features. Glomerular tufts appear normal on light microscopy except for a segmental lesion invariably present in all glomeruli at the origin of the proximal tubule. Data on twenty adults whose renal biopsies demonstrated this lesion and who were followed for a mean of 7.4 years are analyzed. Eighteen patients were treated with steroids; ten of these had complete remission of proteinuria and seven a significant reduction of their proteinuria. Ten patients had moderately impaired renal function (serum creatinine greater than 120 mumol/l) at presentation, eight received steroids and achieved a reduction in serum creatinine. The prognosis was good, with no patient developing chronic renal failure requiring dialysis.
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46
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47
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Beaman M, Turney JH, Rodger RS, McGonigle RS, Adu D, Michael J. Changing pattern of acute renal failure. Q J Med 1987; 62:15-23. [PMID: 3423203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During the four-year period 1981-1984, 250 patients with severe acute renal failure were treated at one centre. There were seven obstetric cases (2.8 per cent) 118 'surgical' cases (47.2 per cent) and 125 medical cases (50 per cent). This is a different pattern from that seen in the majority of earlier reports. In 60 of the 125 medical patients the aetiology of the acute renal failure could only be determined by renal biopsy. This series suggests that with changing medical practice (particularly the improvement in resuscitation) and an ageing population, the pattern of causes of acute renal failure is altering. It also highlights the value of renal histology as a guide to diagnosis and treatment in patients with unexplained acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beaman
- Department of Nephrology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham
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48
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Wheeler D, Smith B, Walls J, Beaman M. Magnesium Hydroxide as a Phosphate Binder in CAPD Patients with Elevated Serum Aluminium Levels. Perit Dial Int 1987. [DOI: 10.1177/089686088700700114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Walls
- London NW3 2QG Leicester General Hospital Birmingham Bl5 2TJ
| | - M. Beaman
- Leicester LE5 4PW University of Birmingham Birmingham Bl5 2TJ
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49
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