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Prince MA, Tan MC, Tan MX, George H, Prince EO, Nicholas RM, Shaaban H, Slim J. Exploring the impact of therapeutic advances in HIV-related mortality in the United States. IJID Reg 2024; 11:100347. [PMID: 38584850 PMCID: PMC10997884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Mortality from HIV has significantly declined with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This study sought to examine the longitudinal trends in mortality from HIV-related diseases by race, sex, geographical region, and over time as HAART trends changed. Methods We queried the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database and performed serial cross-sectional analyses of national death certificate data for all-cause mortality with comorbid HIV from 1999 to 2020. HIV diseases (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes B20-B24, O98.7, R75) were listed as the contributing cause of death. We calculated the age-adjusted mortality ratio (AAMR) per 1,000,000 individuals and determined mortality trends using the Joinpoint Regression Program. Subgroup analyses were performed by sex, race, region, and organ system. The study period was further stratified into three groups when specific drug regimens were more prevalent. Results In the 22-year study period, 251,759 all-cause mortalities with comorbid HIV were identified. The leading cause of death was infectious disease (84.0%, N = 211,438). Men recorded a higher AAMR than women (4.66 vs 1.65, P < 0.01). African American individuals had the highest AAMR (13.46) compared to White, American Indian, and Asian individuals (1.70 vs 1.65 vs 0.47). The South region had the highest AAMR (4.32) and urban areas had a higher AAMR compared to rural areas (1.77 vs 0.88). Conclusions More than 80% of deaths occurred because of infectious disease over the last 2 decades with a decreasing trend over time when stratified by race, sex, and geographical region. Despite advances in HAART, mortality disparities persist which emphasizes the need for targeted interventions in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique A Prince
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, USA
| | - Min-Choon Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hamid Shaaban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, USA
| | - Jihad Slim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, USA
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Chai HH, Fu XC, Ma L, Sun HT, Chen GZ, Song MY, Chen WX, Chen YS, Tan MX, Guo YW, Li SP. The chemokine CXCL1 and its receptor CXCR2 contribute to chronic stress-induced depression in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:8853-8864. [PMID: 31034777 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802359rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Depression is increasingly recognized as an inflammatory disease, with inflammatory crosstalk in the brain contributing its pathogenesis. Life stresses may up-regulate inflammatory processes and promote depression. Although cytokines are central to stress-related immune responses, their contribution to stress-induced depression remains unclear. Here, we used unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) to induce depression-like behaviors in mice, as assessed through a suite of behavioral tests. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1)-related molecular networks responsible for depression-like behaviors were assessed through intrahippocampal microinjection of lenti-CXCL1, the antidepressant fluoxetine, the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) inhibitor SB265610, and the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) inhibitor AR-A014418. Modulation of apoptosis-related pathways and neuronal plasticity were assessed via quantification of cleaved caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression. CXCL1/CXCL2 expression was correlated with depression-like behaviors in response to chronic stress or antidepressant treatment in the UCMS depression model. Intrahippocampal microinjection of lenti-CXCL1 increased depression-like behaviors, activated GSK3β, increased apoptosis pathways, suppressed CREB activation, and decreased BDNF. Administration of the selective GSK3β inhibitor AR-A014418 abolished the effects of lenti-CXCL1, and the CXCR2 inhibitor SB265610 prevented chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors, inhibited GSK3β activity, blocked apoptosis pathways, and restored BDNF expression. The CXCL1/CXCR2 axis appears to play a critical role in stress-induced depression, and CXCR2 is a potential novel therapeutic target for patients with depression.-Chai, H.-H., Fu, X.-C., Ma, L., Sun, H.-T., Chen, G.-Z., Song, M.-Y., Chen, W.-X., Chen, Y.-S., Tan, M.-X., Guo, Y.-W., Li, S.-P. The chemokine CXCL1 and its receptor CXCR2 contribute to chronic stress-induced depression in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Chai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Fu
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hai-Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Zeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Min-Ying Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei-Xuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Min-Xuan Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yan-Wu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Peng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Chen YS, Li SP, Xiao H, Xie ZY, Tan MX, Liu B, Zhang WM. Metastasis-associated gene 1 expression in human medulloblastoma and its association with invasion and metastasis in medulloblastoma Daoy cell lines. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7894. [PMID: 27323185 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15027894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the expression of metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) in human medulloblastoma, and its significance in the invasion and metastasis in a medulloblastoma cell line. Positive expression rate of MTA1 protein in medulloblastoma and adjacent normal tissues collected from 29 medulloblastoma patients was detected by immunohistochemistry assay in vivo. In in vitro experiments, Daoy cells were transfected with MTA1-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA, MTA1-siRNA group), niRNA (MTA1-niRNA group), and plasmid vectors (control group). Transfection efficiency was evaluated by PT-PCR and western blot; cell adhesion, migration, and invasion capacity was assessed by adhesion assays, scratch assays, and transwell chamber invasion assays, respectively. Results indicated that the positive expression rate of MTA1 protein in the medulloblastoma tissues was higher as compared with that of the adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05). In addition, mRNA and protein expression of MTA1 in the MTA1-siRNA group was lower than that in the control and MTA1- niRNA groups (P < 0.05). Adhesion, migration, and invasion capacity of Daoy cells in the MTA1-siRNA group was inhibited as compared with the control and MTA1-niRNA groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, MTA1 expression was increased in medulloblastoma cells, while MTA1 knockdown in medulloblastoma cells inhibited MTA1 expression. In addition, MTA1 knockdown inhibited the adhesion, migration, and invasive capabilities of medulloblastoma cells. It is possible that MTA1 can serve as a biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - S P Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - H Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Z Y Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - M X Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - B Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - W M Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Wallace AS, Tan MX, Schachner M, Anderson RB. L1cam acts as a modifier gene for members of the endothelin signalling pathway during enteric nervous system development. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23:e510-22. [PMID: 21395909 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enteric nervous system originates from neural crest cells that migrate into the embryonic foregut and then sequentially colonize the midgut and hindgut. Defects in neural crest migration result in regions of the gut that lack enteric ganglia, a condition in humans called Hirschsprung's disease. The high degree of phenotypic variability reported in Hirschsprung's disease suggests the involvement of modifier genes. METHODS We used a two-locus complementation approach to screen for genetic interactions between L1cam and members of the endothelin signalling pathway. Immunohistochemistry was used to label PGP9.5(+) enteric neurons and Sox10(+) neural crest-derived cells in wholemount preparations of embryonic gut. Key Results Loss or haploinsufficiency of L1cam significantly increased the severity of aganglionosis in Et-3 and Ednrb null mutant embryos. Furthermore, the colonization of the developing gut by neural crest-derived cells was significantly delayed in L1cam(-/y) ; Et-3(-/-) and L1cam(-/y) ;Ednrb(sl/sl) embryos. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES We have identified the X-linked gene, L1cam, as the first modifier gene for members of the endothelin signalling pathway during development of the enteric nervous system. Mutations in L1CAM may act to modulate the severity of aganglionosis in some cases of Hirschsprung's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Wallace
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Xu XH, Zhu LP, Wu JY, Zhang SZ, Yang GZ, Ba T, Tan MX, Liu SL. Acetylcholine receptor antibody in patients with myasthenia gravis. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1986; 4:101-5. [PMID: 3801096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The determination of acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR Ab) titer by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with myasthenia gravis was introduced. The optimal conditions were determined by chequerboard determination. The specificity was confirmed by inhibition tests. The sensitivity is 9 p mole. The comparison of AChR Ab titers among 49 myasthenic patients, 19 non-myasthenic neurological patients and 20 healthy blood donors has shown that it is a highly sensitive, specific, reproducible, rapid, simple and inexpensive method for determining AChR Ab and that it is highly valuable for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.
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Tan MX. [The present state of neurology in China]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1986; 26:1275-6. [PMID: 3829526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wang CH, Wei J, Tan MX. [Caudate hemorrhage (2 cases report)]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1985; 7:478-9. [PMID: 2940013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Zhu LP, Xu XH, Zhang SH, Chen D, Zhang ZX, Tan MX, Liu SL. Induction of sIg-negative B lymphocytes for differentiation by PWM. Immunol Invest 1985; 14:421-6. [PMID: 3878327 DOI: 10.3109/08820138509047610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported in the literature that PWM-responsive B lymphocytes are sIgM+, sIgD-, lack receptors for mouse erythrocytes, and are larger than PWM-negative lymphocytes. This paper describes the observation of B cells among the thymocytes from a patient with myasthenia gravis. In the thymocytes, actually no sIg+ cell was found, and Staphylococcus aureus Cowen strain I could not induce the mononuclear cells in the thymus to differentiate. It was surprising that 6.9 per cent of the cells were BA-1 positive cells. At the same time, in the presence of PWM, 9680 +/- 555 cells out of 1 X 10(-6) thymocytes could be induced to differentiate to immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) in culture. This result suggests that PWM might be able to induce sIg- B lymphocytes to differentiate as well.
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Tan MX. [Peptide neurotransmitters and extrapyramidal disorders]. Zhonghua Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi 1985; 18:246-7. [PMID: 2416519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zhang ZX, Ren YL, Tan MX. [Preliminary observation of the effect of thymosin on myasthenia gravis]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1984; 6:366-9. [PMID: 6241090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Tang XF, Gao XX, Tan MX, Pang GX. [Myotonic muscular dystrophy (clinical and electromyographic studies of 21 cases)]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1984; 6:256-60. [PMID: 6241062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Chen DY, Tan MX. [Clinical analysis of 49 cases of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (with review of literature)]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1983; 63:439-43. [PMID: 6416649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Xu XH, Li SW, Tan MX, Zang X. Locked-in syndrome (pontopseudocoma): report of 3 clinical and pathologic cases. Chin Med J (Engl) 1981; 94:821-6. [PMID: 6800724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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