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Maliano MR, Melgarejo TA, Rojas MR, Barboza N, Gilbertson RL. The Begomovirus Species Melon Chlorotic Leaf Curl Virus is Composed of Two Highly Divergent Strains that Differ in Their Genetic and Biological Properties. Plant Dis 2021; 105:3162-3170. [PMID: 33591835 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-20-1759-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the early 1990s, squash production in Costa Rica has been affected by a whitefly-transmitted disease characterized by stunting and yellow mottling of leaves. The squash yellow mottle disease (SYMoD) was shown to be associated with a bipartite begomovirus, originally named squash yellow mild mottle virus (SYMMoV). It was subsequently established that SYMMoV is a strain of melon chlorotic leaf curl virus (MCLCuV), a bipartite begomovirus that causes a chlorotic leaf curl disease of melons in Guatemala. In the present study, the complete sequences of the DNA-A and DNA-B components of a new isolate of the strain MCLCuV-Costa Rica (MCLCuV-CR) were determined. Comparisons of full-length DNA-A sequences revealed 97% identity with a previously characterized isolate of MCLCuV-CR and identities of 90 to 91% with those of isolates of the strain MCLCuV-Guatemala (MCLCuV-GT), which is below or at the current begomovirus species demarcation threshold of 91%. A more extensive analysis of the MCLCuV-CR and -GT sequences revealed substantial divergence in both components and different histories of recombination for the DNA-A components. The cloned full-length DNA-A and DNA-B components of this new MCLCuV-CR isolate were infectious and induced SYMoD in a range of squashes and in pumpkin, thereby fulfilling Koch's postulates for this disease. However, in contrast to MCLCuV-GT, MCLCuV-CR induced mild symptoms in watermelon and no symptoms in melon and cucumber. Taken together, our results indicate that MCLCuV-CR and -GT have substantially diverged, genetically and biologically, and have evolved to cause distinct diseases of different cucurbit crops. Taxonomically, these viruses are at the strain/species boundary, but retain the designation as strains of Melon chlorotic leaf curl virus under current International Committee on Taxonomy guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minor R Maliano
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Tomas A Melgarejo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Maria R Rojas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Natalia Barboza
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Escuela de Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro Nacional en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Robert L Gilbertson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
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Maliano MR, Macedo MA, Rojas MR, Gilbertson RL. Weed-infecting viruses in a tropical agroecosystem present different threats to crops and evolutionary histories. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250066. [PMID: 33909644 PMCID: PMC8081230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Caribbean Basin, malvaceous weeds commonly show striking golden/yellow mosaic symptoms. Leaf samples from Malachra sp. and Abutilon sp. plants with these symptoms were collected in Hispaniola from 2014 to 2020. PCR tests with degenerate primers revealed that all samples were infected with a bipartite begomovirus, and sequence analyses showed that Malachra sp. plants were infected with tobacco leaf curl Cuba virus (TbLCuCV), whereas the Abutilon sp. plants were infected with a new bipartite begomovirus, tentatively named Abutilon golden yellow mosaic virus (AbGYMV). Phylogenetic analyses showed that TbLCuCV and AbGYMV are distinct but closely related species, which are most closely related to bipartite begomoviruses infecting weeds in the Caribbean Basin. Infectious cloned DNA-A and DNA-B components were used to fulfilled Koch's postulates for these diseases of Malachra sp. and Abutilon sp. In host range studies, TbLCuCV also induced severe symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana, tobacco and common bean plants; whereas AbGYMV induced few or no symptoms in plants of these species. Pseudorecombinants generated with the infectious clones of these viruses were highly infectious and induced severe symptoms in N. benthamiana and Malachra sp., and both viruses coinfected Malachra sp., and possibly facilitating virus evolution via recombination and pseudorecombination. Together, our results suggest that TbLCuCV primarily infects Malachra sp. in the Caribbean Basin, and occasionally spills over to infect and cause disease in crops; whereas AbGYMV is well-adapted to an Abutilon sp. in the Dominican Republic and has not been reported infecting crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minor R. Maliano
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Mônica A. Macedo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano, Campus Urutaí, Goias, Brazil
| | - Maria R. Rojas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Gilbertson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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Rojas MR, Macedo MA, Maliano MR, Soto-Aguilar M, Souza JO, Briddon RW, Kenyon L, Rivera Bustamante RF, Zerbini FM, Adkins S, Legg JP, Kvarnheden A, Wintermantel WM, Sudarshana MR, Peterschmitt M, Lapidot M, Martin DP, Moriones E, Inoue-Nagata AK, Gilbertson RL. World Management of Geminiviruses. Annu Rev Phytopathol 2018; 56:637-677. [PMID: 30149794 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Management of geminiviruses is a worldwide challenge because of the widespread distribution of economically important diseases caused by these viruses. Regardless of the type of agriculture, management is most effective with an integrated pest management (IPM) approach that involves measures before, during, and after the growing season. This includes starting with resistant cultivars and virus- and vector-free transplants and propagative plants. For high value vegetables, protected culture (e.g., greenhouses and screenhouses) allows for effective management but is limited owing to high cost. Protection of young plants in open fields is provided by row covers, but other measures are typically required. Measures that are used for crops in open fields include roguing infected plants and insect vector management. Application of insecticide to manage vectors (whiteflies and leafhoppers) is the most widely used measure but can cause undesirable environmental and human health issues. For annual crops, these measures can be more effective when combined with host-free periods of two to three months. Finally, given the great diversity of the viruses, their insect vectors, and the crops affected, IPM approaches need to be based on the biology and ecology of the virus and vector and the crop production system. Here, we present the general measures that can be used in an IPM program for geminivirus diseases, specific case studies, and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Rojas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| | - Monica A Macedo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| | - Minor R Maliano
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| | - Maria Soto-Aguilar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| | - Juliana O Souza
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| | - Rob W Briddon
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rafael F Rivera Bustamante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico 36821
| | - F Murilo Zerbini
- Departamento de Fitopatologia/Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Scott Adkins
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA
| | - James P Legg
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Anders Kvarnheden
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter and Linnean Center for Plant Biology in Uppsala, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - William M Wintermantel
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, California 93905, USA
| | - Mysore R Sudarshana
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Michel Peterschmitt
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Moshe Lapidot
- Department of Vegetable Research, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Darren P Martin
- Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Enrique Moriones
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora," Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estación Experimental "La Mayora," Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga 29750, Spain
| | | | - Robert L Gilbertson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
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