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Alza L, Nàger M, Visa A, Cantí C, Herreros J. FAK Inhibition Induces Glioblastoma Cell Senescence-Like State through p62 and p27. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1086. [PMID: 32349327 PMCID: PMC7281094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a central component of focal adhesions that regulate cancer cell proliferation and migration. Here, we studied the effects of FAK inhibition in glioblastoma (GBM), a fast growing brain tumor that has a poor prognosis. Treating GBM cells with the FAK inhibitor PF-573228 induced a proliferative arrest and increased cell size. PF-573228 also reduced the growth of GBM neurospheres. These effects were associated with increased p27/CDKN1B levels and β-galactosidase activity, compatible with acquisition of senescence. Interestingly, FAK inhibition repressed the expression of the autophagy cargo receptor p62/SQSTM-1. Moreover, depleting p62 in GBM cells also induced a senescent-like phenotype through transcriptional upregulation of p27. Our results indicate that FAK inhibition arrests GBM cell proliferation, resulting in cell senescence, and pinpoint p62 as being key to this process. These findings highlight the possible therapeutic value of targeting FAK in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lía Alza
- Calcium Signaling Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (L.A.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Mireia Nàger
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9010 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Anna Visa
- Calcium Signaling Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (L.A.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Carles Cantí
- Calcium Signaling Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (L.A.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Judit Herreros
- Calcium Signaling Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (L.A.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
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Cemeli T, Guasch-Vallés M, Nàger M, Felip I, Cambray S, Santacana M, Gatius S, Pedraza N, Dolcet X, Ferrezuelo F, Schuhmacher AJ, Herreros J, Garí E. Cytoplasmic cyclin D1 regulates glioblastoma dissemination. J Pathol 2019; 248:501-513. [PMID: 30957234 DOI: 10.1002/path.5277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive brain neoplasia with an elevated recurrence rate after surgical resection. The cyclin D1 (Ccnd1)/Cdk4-retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) axis is frequently altered in GBM, leading to overproliferation by RB1 deletion or by Ccnd1-Cdk4 overactivation. High levels of Ccnd1-Cdk4 also promote GBM cell invasion by mechanisms that are not so well understood. The purpose of this work is to elucidate the in vivo role of cytoplasmic Ccnd1-Cdk4 activity in the dissemination of GBM. We show that Ccnd1 activates the invasion of primary human GBM cells through cytoplasmic RB1-independent mechanisms. By using GBM mouse models, we observed that evaded GBM cells showed cytoplasmic Ccnd1 colocalizing with regulators of cell invasion such as RalA and paxillin. Our genetic data strongly suggest that, in GBM cells, the Ccnd1-Cdk4 complex is acting upstream of those regulators. Accordingly, expression of Ccnd1 induces focal adhesion kinase, RalA and Rac1 activities. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated increased GBM dissemination after expression of membrane-targeted Ccnd1. We conclude that Ccnd1-Cdk4 activity promotes GBM dissemination through cytoplasmic and RB1-independent mechanisms. Therefore, inhibition of Ccnd1-Cdk4 activity may be useful to hinder the dissemination of recurrent GBM. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tània Cemeli
- Cell Cycle, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Guasch-Vallés
- Cell Cycle, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mireia Nàger
- Calcium Signaling, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidre Felip
- Oncological Pathology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Serafí Cambray
- Vascular and Renal Translational Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Santacana
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
| | - Sònia Gatius
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
| | - Neus Pedraza
- Cell Cycle, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Oncological Pathology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Francisco Ferrezuelo
- Cell Cycle, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Alberto J Schuhmacher
- Biomedical Research Center of Aragon, Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Judit Herreros
- Calcium Signaling, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Eloi Garí
- Cell Cycle, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Nàger M, Sallán MC, Visa A, Pushparaj C, Santacana M, Macià A, Yeramian A, Cantí C, Herreros J. Inhibition of WNT-CTNNB1 signaling upregulates SQSTM1 and sensitizes glioblastoma cells to autophagy blockers. Autophagy 2018; 14:619-636. [PMID: 29313411 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1423439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT-CTNN1B signaling promotes cancer cell proliferation and stemness. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates that macroautophagy/autophagy regulates WNT signaling. Here we investigated the impact of inhibiting WNT signaling on autophagy in glioblastoma (GBM), a devastating brain tumor. Inhibiting TCF, or silencing TCF4 or CTNNB1/β-catenin upregulated SQSTM1/p62 in GBM at transcriptional and protein levels and, in turn, autophagy. DKK1/Dickkopf1, a canonical WNT receptor antagonist, also induced autophagic flux. Importantly, TCF inhibition regulated autophagy through MTOR inhibition and dephosphorylation, and nuclear translocation of TFEB, a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. TCF inhibition or silencing additionally affected GBM cell proliferation and migration. Autophagy induction followed by its blockade can promote cancer cell death. In agreement with this notion, halting both TCF-CTNNB1 and autophagy pathways decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis of GBM cells through a SQSTM1-dependent mechanism involving CASP8 (caspase 8). In vivo experiments further underline the therapeutic potential of such dual targeting in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Nàger
- a Department of Basic Medical Sciences , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
| | - Marta C Sallán
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
| | - Anna Visa
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
| | - Charumathi Pushparaj
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
| | | | - Anna Macià
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
| | - Andrée Yeramian
- a Department of Basic Medical Sciences , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
| | - Carles Cantí
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
| | - Judit Herreros
- a Department of Basic Medical Sciences , University of Lleida, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain
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Pushparaj C, Das A, Purroy R, Nàger M, Herreros J, Pamplona R, Cantí C. Corrigendum to ‘Voltage-gated calcium channel blockers deregulate macroautophagyin cardiomyocytes’ [International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (2015) 68 166-175]. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pushparaj C, Das A, Purroy R, Nàger M, Herreros J, Pamplona R, Cantí C. Voltage-gated calcium channel blockers deregulate macroautophagy in cardiomyocytes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 68:166-75. [PMID: 26429067 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channel blockers are widely used for the management of cardiovascular diseases, however little is known about their effects on cardiac cells in vitro. We challenged neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) with therapeutic L-type and T-type Ca(2+) channel blockers (nifedipine and mibefradil, respectively), and measured their effects on cell stress and survival, using fluorescent microscopy, Q-PCR and Western blot. Both nifedipine and mibefradil induced a low-level and partially transient up-regulation of three key mediators of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), indicative of endoplasmic (ER) reticulum stress. Furthermore, nifedipine triggered the activation of macroautophagy, as evidenced by increased lipidation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), decreased levels of polyubiquitin-binding protein p62/SQSTM1 and ubiquitinated protein aggregates, that was followed by cell death. In contrast, mibefradil inhibited CMs constitutive macroautophagy and did not promote cell death. The siRNA-mediated gene silencing approach confirmed the pharmacological findings for T-type channels. We conclude that L-type and T-type Ca(2+) channel blockers induce ER stress, which is divergently transduced into macroautophagy induction and inhibition, respectively, with relevance for cell viability. Our work identifies VGCCs as novel regulators of autophagy in the heart muscle and provides new insights into the effects of VGCC blockers on CMs homeostasis, that may underlie both noxious and cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charumathi Pushparaj
- Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Spain
| | - Arindam Das
- Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Spain
| | - Rosa Purroy
- Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Spain
| | - Mireia Nàger
- Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Spain
| | - Judit Herreros
- Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Spain
| | - Carles Cantí
- Universitat de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Spain.
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