1
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Hodge RA, Ghannam M, Edmond E, de la Torre F, D’Alterio C, Kaya NH, Resnik-Docampo M, Reiff T, Jones DL. The septate junction component bark beetle is required for Drosophila intestinal barrier function and homeostasis. iScience 2023; 26:106901. [PMID: 37332603 PMCID: PMC10276166 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of intestinal barrier function has been documented across species, but the causes remain unknown. The intestinal barrier is maintained by tight junctions (TJs) in mammals and septate junctions (SJs) in insects. Specialized TJs/SJs, called tricellular junctions (TCJs), are located at the nexus of three adjacent cells, and we have shown that aging results in changes to TCJs in intestines of adult Drosophila melanogaster. We now demonstrate that localization of the TCJ protein bark beetle (Bark) decreases in aged flies. Depletion of bark from enterocytes in young flies led to hallmarks of intestinal aging and shortened lifespan, whereas depletion of bark in progenitor cells reduced Notch activity, biasing differentiation toward the secretory lineage. Our data implicate Bark in EC maturation and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. Understanding the assembly and maintenance of TCJs to ensure barrier integrity may lead to strategies to improve tissue integrity when function is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Hodge
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mirna Ghannam
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Emma Edmond
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fernando de la Torre
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cecilia D’Alterio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nida Hatice Kaya
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Resnik-Docampo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tobias Reiff
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D. Leanne Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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2
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Abubaker D, Baassiri A, Ghannam M, Al Outa A, Ghais A, Rahal E, Nasr R, Shirinian M. Expression of chronic myeloid leukemia oncogenes BCR-ABL P210 and BCR-ABL T315I affect cellular and humoral innate immunity in Drosophila melanogaster. MicroPubl Biol 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000551. [PMID: 35622506 PMCID: PMC9008464 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that results from a chromosomal translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22. The resulting fusion gene (
BCR-ABL
) encodes a constitutively active BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase. Some mutations of this oncogene, especially the Threonine 315 to Isoleucine substitution of the ABL kinase is resistant to first and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) conventionally used in CML therapy. We have previously validated a CML fruit fly model for drug screening using the adult fly compound eye. Here we expressed wild-type
BCR-ABL
P210
and
mutated
BCR-ABL
T315I
in
Drosophila melanogaster
hematopoietic system to understand the phenotypic consequences of this expression and its impact on innate immune pathways. Flies expressing both wild-type
BCR-ABLP210
and mutant
BCR-ABLT315I
showed increased number of circulating hemocytes, disruption in sessile patterning of resident hemocytes, dysregulation in the humoral Toll, ImD, and JAK/STAT pathways at the mRNA level in both the 3
rd
instar larva and adult stages. Of note,
BCR-ABLT315I
flies presented more severe phenotypes and a higher deviation in humoral dysregulation than BCR
-ABLP210
flies pointing towards more complex oncogenic effect of this mutant which requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Abubaker
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
,
Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amro Baassiri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Ghannam
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
,
Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amani Al Outa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Ghais
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elias Rahal
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
,
Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
,
Correspondence to: Rihab Nasr (
)
| | - Margret Shirinian
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
,
Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
,
Correspondence to: Margret Shirinian (
)
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3
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Madi JR, Outa AA, Ghannam M, Hussein HM, Shehab M, Hasan ZAKH, Fayad AA, Shirinian M, Rahal EA. Drosophila melanogaster as a Model System to Assess the Effect of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA on Inflammatory Gut Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:586930. [PMID: 33828545 PMCID: PMC8019809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.586930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) commonly infects humans and is highly associated with different types of cancers and autoimmune diseases. EBV has also been detected in inflamed gastrointestinal mucosa of patients suffering from prolonged inflammation of the digestive tract such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with no clear role identified yet for EBV in the pathology of such diseases. Since we have previously reported immune-stimulating capabilities of EBV DNA in various models, in this study we investigated whether EBV DNA may play a role in exacerbating intestinal inflammation through innate immune and regeneration responses using the Drosophila melanogaster model. We have generated inflamed gastrointestinal tracts in adult fruit flies through the administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), a sulfated polysaccharide that causes human ulcerative colitis- like pathologies due to its toxicity to intestinal cells. Intestinal damage induced by inflammation recruited plasmatocytes to the ileum in fly hindguts. EBV DNA aggravated inflammation by enhancing the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway as well as further increasing the cellular inflammatory responses manifested upon the administration of DSS. The study at hand proposes a possible immunostimulatory role of the viral DNA exerted specifically in the fly hindgut hence further developing our understanding of immune responses mounted against EBV DNA in the latter intestinal segment of the D. melanogaster gut. These findings suggest that EBV DNA may perpetuate proinflammatory processes initiated in an inflamed digestive system. Our findings indicate that D. melanogaster can serve as a model to further understand EBV-associated gastroinflammatory pathologies. Further studies employing mammalian models may validate the immunogenicity of EBV DNA in an IBD context and its role in exacerbating the disease through inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle R Madi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amani Al Outa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Ghannam
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadi M Hussein
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwa Shehab
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeinab Al Kobra Haj Hasan
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Antoine Abou Fayad
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Margret Shirinian
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elias A Rahal
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.,Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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4
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Ismail JN, Ghannam M, Al Outa A, Frey F, Shirinian M. Ten-eleven translocation proteins and their role beyond DNA demethylation - what we can learn from the fly. Epigenetics 2020; 15:1139-1150. [PMID: 32419604 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1767323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven Translocation (TET) proteins have emerged as a family of epigenetic regulators that are important during development and have been implicated in various types of cancers. TET is a highly conserved protein that has orthologues in almost all multicellular organisms. Here, we review recent literature on the novel substrate specificity of this family of DNA 5-methylcytosine demethylases on DNA 6-methyladenine and RNA 5-methylcytosine that were first identified in the invertebrate model Drosophila. We focus on the biological role of these novel epigenetic marks in the fruit fly and mammals and highlight TET proteins' critical function during development specifically in brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy N Ismail
- Department of Experimental pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon.,Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Ghannam
- Department of Experimental pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon.,Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amani Al Outa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Felice Frey
- Department of Experimental pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon.,Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Margret Shirinian
- Department of Experimental pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut , Beirut, Lebanon.,Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut, Lebanon
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5
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Ananwattanasuk T, Ghannam M, Lathkar-Pradhan S, Latchamsetty R, Jame S, Jongnarangsin K. 6117Persistent LBBB and AV block with high-burden RV pacing following transcatheter aortic valve replacement are associated with new onset cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Left bundle branch block (LBBB) and AV nodal block (AVB) requiring permanent pacemaker implantation occur frequently following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and may be associated with adverse clinical events.
Objectives
The study aims to assess the incidence of new onset cardiomyopathy among patients with normal left ventricular systolic function patients who developed LBBB or persistent AVB with high-burden right ventricular (RV) pacing (>80%) following TAVR procedure.
Methods
Consecutive patients who underwent TAVR procedure from January 2012 to June 2017 at the University of Michigan Health System were included in the retrospective analysis. Those who had a preexisting cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED), prior LBBB, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%, and follow up period less than 1 year were excluded from this analysis. New onset cardiomyopathy was defined by a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <45% within 1 year after TAVR.
Results
A total of 362 patients were included in the study (mean age 76.9±11.5 years, 56.1% male). Of these, 30 patients (8.3%) developed persistent AVB and required >80% RV pacing (pacing group), 61 patients (16.9%) developed persistent LBBB (LBBB group), and 271 patients (74.9%) did not have LBBB or AVB or required <80% RV pacing (control group). Baseline LVEF was 63.9+6.4% in pacing group (p=0.76) and 64.4+7.4% in LBBB group (p=0.89) compared to 64.3+6.5% in control group. Within 1 year after TAVR, 10/30 patients (33.3%) in pacing group (p<0.01) and 20/61 patients (32.8%) in LBBB (p<0.01) developed new onset cardiomyopathy compared to 9/271 patients (3.3%) in control group. LVEF at 1 year was 53.8+11.9% in pacing group (p<0.01) and 53.7+12.1% in LBBB group (p<0.01) compared to 64.8+7.7% in control group.
Conclusion
Among patients with normal baseline left ventricular systolic function, AV block required high-burden RV pacing and persistent LBBB following TAVR were associated with significantly higher incidence of new onset cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ananwattanasuk
- Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Internal medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - M Ghannam
- University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - S Lathkar-Pradhan
- University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - R Latchamsetty
- University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - S Jame
- University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - K Jongnarangsin
- University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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6
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Konerman M, Lazarus J, Weinberg R, Ghannam M, Saleh A, Yun H, Moles V, Hummel S, Shah R, Corbett J, Aaronson K, Colvin M, Koelling T, Murthy V. Reduced Coronary Flow Reserve by PET Predicts Cardiovascular Events Following Cardiac Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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7
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Ghannam M, Abdelhalim M, Moussa S, AL-Mohy Y, Al-Ayed M. Ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques are important diagnostic tools during the progression of atherosclerosis: Diet zinc supplementation retarded or delayed atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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El Koraïchi A, Mokhtari M, Ghannam M, Mekaoui N, El Haddoury M, Ech-Cherif El Kettani S. [Deficiency of factor V and circumcision: perioperative management. About a clinical case]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2011; 30:377-378. [PMID: 21324636 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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9
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Ghannam M, Reddy R. Current Interest In Careers In Surgery And Cardiothoracic Surgery From The Millenial Generation. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Karkouti K, Beattie WS, Dattilo KM, McCluskey SA, Ghannam M, Hamdy A, Fedorko L, Yau TM. Aprotinin or tranexamic acid in cardiac surgery: a propensity analysis. Can J Anaesth 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03023103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify patients who were at particular risk of violent behaviour, over a period of one month in a psychiatric high dependency unit, and to examine whether particular patients could be identified at admission who would subsequently be violent. Medical records, and other documents for 52 inpatients were included. Demographic, historical and clinical data available at admission were noted. All violent incidents were recorded and classified. Seventeen of 52 patients committed physical violence, usually to the staff. Most incidents were carried out by a small number of individuals. Identifying the violent, using variables available at admission, was not possible. The ward admitted a group with a subsequent high rate of violence. Prediction within this high-risk group was not possible. Measures aimed at preventing violence on a local secure ward should apply to all patients and should not be targeted just at those that would appear to be the most likely to be violent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eaton
- Psychiatric High Dependency Unit, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge
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12
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13
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Abstract
Neutron bombardment (neutron flux, 3 X 10(12) neutrons/cm2/s) of prepared iron tablets containing glycine-iron or iron alone was performed to prepare radioactive tablets to assess the effects of glycine on iron absorption from tableted formulations. No interfering isotopes of sufficient quantity were generated during neutron activation of the iron tablets. Cobalt-60 was the major trace mineral detected and accounted for only 1.3% of the total activity. There may have been trace amounts of zinc-65 or chromium-51 present, but they were not detectable above background radioactivity in the final tablet produced. Iron-59 represented greater than 98% of the radioactivity present in the tablets used in the study. Glycine-containing iron tablets produced dramatically higher amounts of iron in blood and tissues of rabbits (p less than 0.05) than did the same tablet formulations without glycine. The area under the iron blood concentration-time curve over 4 h increased by 67% with glycine added to the formulation over control iron tablets. Iron concentrations in tissues 4 h after iron administration was in the order of blood greater than liver greater than heart greater than kidney greater than muscle.
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14
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Abstract
Solutions of each of 10 amino acids or ascorbic acid were mixed with iron and orally administered to rats. Iron was absorbed to a statistically significantly greater extent (p less than 0.05) when mixed with asparagine, glycine, serine, or ascorbic acid as compared with a control solution of iron. The largest effects were for asparagine and glycine, which also increased iron absorption to a significantly greater extent (p less than 0.001) than did serine or ascorbic acid. No statistically significant increase in iron absorption occurred when any of the other amino acids was mixed with iron. The extent of iron absorption from each test solution, as measured by area under the concentration of iron-59 in the blood-time curve (r2 = 0.0002), and the initial rate of iron absorption for each test solution (r2 = 0.01) showed no correlation with the stability constant of the amino acid-iron complex.
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