Comparison of clinical safety between standard versus extended interval dosing of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a real-world retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND

Extended interval dosing (ED) for inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) or its ligand (anti-PD-L1) (durvalumab) were recently approved based on pharmacokinetic model results that predicted a benefit-risk profile comparable with the standard dosing (SD) regimen. However, safety data in real-world condition of use are lacking. The objective was to compare the incidence and the risk factors of serious immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and any-grade irAEs between the SD and ED regimens in patients treated with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

IrAEs were assessed from medical records in all new users of nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or durvalumab between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2020 across two oncology centers in France. The incidence of irAEs was compared between both dosing regimens using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for the main available confounders.

RESULTS

Among 686 patients included, 63% were new users of an SD regimen, 14% of ED regimen, and 23% started with SD and switched to ED regimen during follow-up. Overall, 34.6% of patients experienced at least one irAE of any grade and 11.4% presented at least one serious grade ≥3 irAE. No statistical difference was found between the SD and ED regimen on the risk of grade ≥3 irAEs [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-2.76] but our results suggest an increased risk of any-grade irAEs with the ED regimen (adjusted HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.00-2.12, P = 0.048). IrAEs resolved without sequelae in 46.4% of cases, and they were fatal for three patients (0.4%). Autoimmune pre-existing condition was confirmed as a risk factor for grade ≥3 irAEs (HR 2.56, 95% CI 1.53-4.27) and for all-grade irAEs (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.17-2.20).

CONCLUSIONS

In a real-world setting, according to the regimen chosen by the oncologist based on clinical characteristics, we did not observe an increase in grade ≥3 irAE incidence between the SD and ED regimens.

Auger Shake-Up Assisted Electron Recapture

The presence of doubly excited states (DESs) above the core-hole ionization threshold nontrivially modulates the x-ray absorption because the participator Auger decay couples DESs to the underlying low-energy core-hole continuum. We show that coupling also affects the high-energy continuum populated by the spectator Auger decay of DESs. For the K-L_{23}^{2} Auger decay of the 1s^{-1}3p^{-1}4s^{2}^{1}P state in argon, the competing nonresonant path is assigned to the recapture of the 1s photoelectron caused by emission of the fast electron from the shake-up K-L_{23}^{2} decay of the 1s^{-1} ion.

Isotope effects in dynamics of water isotopologues induced by core ionization at an x-ray free-electron laser

Dynamical response of water exposed to x-rays is of utmost importance in a wealth of science areas. We exposed isolated water isotopologues to short x-ray pulses from a free-electron laser and detected momenta of all produced ions in coincidence. By combining experimental results and theoretical modeling, we identify significant structural dynamics with characteristic isotope effects in H2O2+, D2O2+, and HDO2+, such as asymmetric bond elongation and bond-angle opening, leading to two-body or three-body fragmentation on a timescale of a few femtoseconds. A method to disentangle the sequences of events taking place upon the consecutive absorption of two x-ray photons is described. The obtained deep look into structural properties and dynamics of dissociating water isotopologues provides essential insights into the underlying mechanisms.

Experimental and theoretical study of resonant core-hole spectroscopies of gas-phase free-base phthalocyanine

We studied N 1s^-1 inner-shell processes of the free base Phthalocyanine molecule, H₂Pc, in the gas-phase. This complex organic molecule contains three different nitrogen sites defined by their covalent bonds. We identify the contribution of each site in ionized, core-shell excited or relaxed electronic states by the use of different theoretical methods. In particular, we present resonant Auger spectra along with a tentative new theoretical approach based on multiconfiguration self-consistent field calculations to simulate them. These calculations may pave the road towards resonant Auger spectroscopy in complex molecules.

High-energy molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions: a molecular bond-length ruler

We present a study on molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions (MFPADs) of small molecules using circularly polarized synchrotron light. We find that the main forward-scattering peaks of the MFPADs are slightly tilted with respect to the molecular axis. This tilt angle is directly connected to the molecular bond length by a simple, universal formula. We apply the derived formula to several examples of MFPADs of C 1s and O 1s photoelectrons of CO, which have been measured experimentally or obtained by means of ab initio modeling. In addition, we discuss the influence of the back-scattering contribution that is superimposed over the analyzed forward-scattering peak in the case of homo-nuclear diatomic molecules such as N₂.

Dual-Layer Detector Cone-Beam CT Angiography for Stroke Assessment: First-in-Human Results (the Next Generation X-ray Imaging System Trial)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

In patients with stroke, IV cone-beam CTA in the angiography suite could be an alternative to CTA to shorten the door-to-thrombectomy time. However, image quality in cone-beam CTA is typically limited by artifacts. This study evaluated a prototype dual-layer detector cone-beam CT angiography versus CTA in patients with stroke.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A prospective, single-center trial enrolled consecutive patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke on initial CT. Intracranial arterial segment vessel conspicuity and artifact presence were evaluated on dual-layer cone-beam CTA 70-keV virtual monoenergetic images and CTA. Eleven predetermined vessel segments were matched for every patient. Twelve patients were necessary to show noninferiority to CTA. Noninferiority was determined by the exact binomial test; the 1-sided lower performance boundary was prospectively set to 80% (98.75% CI).

RESULTS

Twenty-one patients had matched image sets (mean age, 72 years). After excluding examinations with movement or contrast media injection issues, all readers individually considered dual-layer cone-beam CT angiography noninferior to CTA (CI boundary, 93%, 84%, 80%, respectively) when evaluating arteries relevant in candidates for intracranial thrombectomy. Artifacts were more prevalent compared with CTA. The majority assessment rated each individual segment except M1 as having noninferior conspicuity compared with CTA.

CONCLUSIONS

In a single-center stroke setting, dual-layer detector cone-beam CTA virtual monoenergetic images are noninferior to CTA under certain conditions. Notably, the prototype is hampered by a long scan time and is not capable of contrast media bolus tracking. After excluding examinations with such scan issues, readers considered dual-layer detector cone-beam CTA noninferior to CTA, despite more artifacts.

Synthetic Cathinones in Belgium: Two Case Reports with Different Outcomes Observed in the Emergency Room

We herein report two cases of cathinone intoxication. The first case is about a drug addict who was admitted to the emergency room after the injection of an unknown compound. He presented with tachycardia, palpitations, mydriasis, dyspnea, dizziness, headache and nausea. After leaving the hospital against medical advice, he returned the next day with police escort, presenting aggressiveness and agitation signs. One month later, he returned one more time for sleeping disorders, hallucinations and anxiety. He was finally transferred for his 21st detoxification treatment. The second case concerns a man who was wandering the streets and tried to escape when police officers called him. He confessed to snorting of N-ethylpentedrone and was admitted with severe agitation including delusion of persecution, tachycardia, mydriasis and fever. Because of renal failure, rhabdomyolysis and metabolic acidosis, he was transferred to the intensive care unit where he manifested worsening of the symptoms, turning into coma. He was intubated for 3 days before a complete resolution of the symptoms. A screening was performed by high-resolution mass spectrometry followed by quantifications made by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector. In the first case, alpha-pyrrolidinohexiophenone was identified only during the first two admissions. However, as plenty of other psychotropic substances were also found, the cathinone alone could not be held directly responsible for the symptoms. In the second case, more than 2,000 ng/mL of N-ethylpentedrone was found without any decrease in the next 17 h, underlining the long half-life of this compound. Unlike the first case, symptoms could be clearly attributed to the cathinone. In conclusion, cathinones can be found on the Belgian illicit drug market, with various routes of administration and clinical consequences. In these two case reports, some common points were observed initially. However, one patient was finally able to leave the hospital without any treatment, whereas the other would most likely have died without intensive care.

P04.03.B Rapid DNA methylation-based classification of pediatric brain tumors from ultrasonic aspirate specimens

Background

Cavitating ultrasonic aspirator (CUSA) devices are commonly used in neurosurgical procedures to carefully debulk tumor from adjacent healthy brain tissue. Here, we explore the feasibility of using ultrasonic minced tumor tissue to classify otherwise discarded sample material by DNA methylation according to the respective World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) using low pass nanopore whole genome sequencing.

Material and Methods

21 ultrasonic aspirated specimens from patients undergoing surgery in the department of pediatric neurosurgery at the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin with either newly diagnosed cerebral lesions or pre-treated lesions were processed by nanopore sequencing to generate copy number profiles and ad-hoc random forest classification. Results were compared to microarray-based routine profiling. Tumor purity was assessed.

Results

In 19/21 (90.5 %) samples the minimum amount of 1,000 CpG sites were sequenced. In 20/21 (95.2 %) cases copy number variation profiles could be generated and matched microarray derived copy number profiles, allowing for identification of diagnostically or therapeutically relevant pathognomonic alterations. 12/17 (70.6 %) samples were concordantly classified to the corresponding microarray-based diagnosis by routine neuropathological workup. Applying recently defined thresholds for nanopore-based classification resulted in sensitivity of 64.7 % and specificity of 100 %.

Conclusion

CUSA referred sample material of pediatric brain tumors allows for methylation-based classification according to the respective WHO classification of CNS tumors with acceptable sensitivity and high specificity. Hereby, a promising opportunity for accurate classification of pediatric brain tumors by a time- and cost-efficient advanced molecular technique is offered using otherwise discarded tumor tissue.

Formation and relaxation of K−2 and K−2V double-core-hole states in n-butane

Using a magnetic bottle multi-electron time-of-flight spectrometer in combination with synchrotron radiation, double-core-hole pre-edge and continuum states involving the K-shell of the carbon atoms in n-butane ( n-C4H10) have been identified, where the ejected core electron(s) and the emitted Auger electrons from the decay of such states have been detected in coincidence. An assignment of the main observed spectral features is based on the results of multi-configurational self-consistent field (MCSCF) calculations for the excitation energies and static exchange (STEX) calculations for energies and intensities. MCSCF results have been analyzed in terms of static and dynamic electron relaxation as well as electron correlation contributions to double-core-hole state ionization potentials. The analysis of applicability of the STEX method, which implements the one-particle picture toward the complete basis set limit, is motivated by the fact that it scales well toward large species. We find that combining the MCSCF and STEX techniques is a viable approach to analyze double-core-hole spectra.

Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Obesity-Associated Cancers in the Women's Health Initiative

PURPOSE

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) inhibit fatty acid synthase (FAS), a critical enzyme in lipogenesis, energy balance, and cancer cell survival. We aimed to evaluate the association of PPI use with incidence of common obesity- related cancers in women: postmenopausal breast, colorectal, and endometrial cancers.

METHODS

Our study included 124,931 postmenopausal who were enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) observational study and clinical trials, and had responded to a year 3 follow-up assessment. We examined prescription and over the counter use of PPI and/or histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) at baseline and year 3, to isolate potential effects of FAS inhibition by PPI rather than simply acid suppression. Incident cancer cases were physician-adjudicated. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between PPI and/or H2RA use and cancer incidence after year 3.

RESULTS

There were 7956 PPI ever users (with or without H2RA use) and 9398 H2RA only users. PPI or H2RA use was not associated with risk of breast cancer (n=9186 cases), compared to women who did not use either agent (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.93-1.10 and HR 0.95 95% CI 0.87-1.03, respectively). The incidence of colorectal cancer (n=2280) was significantly lower in PPI users (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61-0.92), but not in H2RA users (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.97-1.31). This association was strengthened with increasing duration (p=0.006) and potency (p=0.005) of PPI use and held regardless of BMI or NSAID use. PPI or H2RA use was not associated with endometrial cancer (n=1231) (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.61-1.07 and HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.91-1.40, respectively), but showed a trend in decreased risk with increasing PPI potency (P=0.048).

CONCLUSIONS

Among postmenopausal women, PPI use, but not H2RA use, demonstrated an inverse, dose-responsive association with colorectal cancer incidence. This was consistent with preclinical data that FAS inhibition prevents colon cancer progression and supports further investigation of this commonly used medication as a cancer preventive agent. PPI use was not associated with incidence of breast or endometrial cancer.

Mentalizing abilities and serum lipid levels in adult MDD patients with childhood maltreatment – preliminary results

Introduction

Childhood maltreatment (CM) contributes to negative mental and physical health outcomes including major depressive disorder (MDD), and an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CDV) in adults. Also, childhood maltreatment can be related to mentalizing deficits in MDD. Cardio-metabolic diseases often coincide with MDD and worsen its course and outcome. Little is known on the interplay of these factors.

Objectives

We examined MDD patients with and without CM to explore the effects of CM on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels and assessed their mentalizing abilities. Self-oriented mentalizing was operationalized as emotional self-awareness/alexithymia, other-oriented mentalizing was defined as theory of mind (ToM).

Methods

MDD patients (N=42) and healthy controls (n=20) matched in age, sex, and lifestyle were investigated. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL-C and LDL-C), body mass index, and exercise in a typical week were measured. Beck Depression Inventory, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia scale, and the Reading the mind in the Eyes Test were used to assess clinical symptoms, mentalizing abilities and CM.

Results

After controlling for depressive symptom severity, demographic and lifestyle variables, CM was found to be a strong predictor of serum lipid alterations. Mentalizing deficits correlated with CM. Serum triglycerides, HDL-C were significant predictors of ToM performance (P<0.05, and P=0.005) and alexithymia (P< 0.05, and P< 0.05) in the MDD group.

Conclusions

Several, inter-correlated pathways may mediate the undesirable effects of CM on the course and outcome of MDD. According to our preliminary results, diminished self-awareness and ToM can be possible mediating factors.

Disclosure

This work was financially supported by the Hungarian Brain Research Program (2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002)

MDD patients with early life stress deactivate the frontostriatal network during facial emotion recognition paradigm: A functional MRI study

Introduction

Early life stress (ELS) is a significant risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using face emotion processing paradigms have found altered blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the cortico-limbic network both in individuals exposed to ELS and in patients with MDD. Thus, early life stress may have a long-lasting impact on brain areas responsible for the processing of socio-affective cues.

Objectives

By applying a facial emotion recognition (FER) fMRI paradigm, we examined the long-term effect of childhood adversity on brain activity in MDD patients with and without ELS.

Methods

MDD patients without ELS (MDD, N=19), those with ELS (MDD+ELS, N=21), and healthy controls (HC, N=21) matched for age, sex, and intelligence quotient underwent fMRI scanning while performing a block design FER task with faces expressing negative emotions. The severity of ELS was assessed with the 28-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.

Results

Both MDD and MDD+ELS patients were slightly impaired in recognizing sad faces. Statistical analysis of brain activity found that MDD+ELS patients had significantly reduced negative BOLD responses in the right anterior paracingulate gyrus, subcallosal cortex accumbens compared to HCs. Moreover, the MDD+ELS group had a significantly increased negative BOLD signal in the right postcentral and precentral gyri relative to the HC group. MDD+ELS patients had reduced negative BOLD response in their anterior paracingulate gyrus compared to the MDD group.

Conclusions

Our results support that adult MDD patients with significant ELS are impaired in facial emotion recognition and they display functional alterations in the frontostriatal circuits.

Disclosure

This work was financially supported by the Hungarian Brain Research Program (2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002)

OP0212-HPR PATIENT ASSESSMENT CHRONIC ILLNESS CARE (PACIC) AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS WITH QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG SWISS PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS – A MIXED METHODS STUDY

Background

Variable disease presentation and symptom burden in patients living with systemic sclerosis (SSc) require a chronic care approach including competent, coordinated, multidisciplinary collaboration as well as self-management support targeting individual patient needs. The Chronic Care Model (CCM) is a longstanding and widely adopted model guiding chronic illness management.1 Little is known about how CCM elements are implemented in SSc care or how patients’ care experiences relate to health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Objectives

First, to describe current SSc care in Switzerland according to the CCM from the patient perspective and examine relationships with HRQoL. Second, to explain these results by patients’ illness and care experiences.

Methods

We employed an explanatory sequential mixed methods design (Figure 1). First, we conducted a cross-sectional quantitative survey (n=101 Swiss patients) using the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC-20)2 and Systemic Sclerosis Quality of Life (SScQoL)3 questionnaires. Because PACIC has not been used in the context of SSc, we used the Mokken model to test the construct validity of the PACIC scale and its subscales. After excluding five problematic items, H coefficients were ‘strong’ for the subscales and the global scale (0.52) suggesting a robust unidimensional scale.

Figure 1.

Schematic of the explanatory, sequential mixed methods design

Next, we used data from individual patient interviews (n=4) and one patient focus group (n=4) to further explore care experiences of people living with SSc with a focus on the PACIC dimensions.

Results

The mean overall PACIC-15 score was 3.0 / 5.0 (95% CI: 2.8–3.2, n= 100), indicating care was ‘never’ to ‘generally not’ aligned with the CCM. Lowest subscale scores related to ‘goal setting/tailoring’ (mean = 2.5, 95% CI: 2.2–2.7) and ‘problem solving/contextual counselling’ (mean = 2.9, 95% CI: 2.7–3.2) (Table 1). No significant associations were identified between the mean PACIC-15 and SScQoL scores.

Table 1.

Summary of scores (n=101) for the 15-item PACIC scale (adapted version of the original 20-item scale)

PACIC mean scores (95% CI)PACIC 15-item mean score3.0 (2.8–3.2)1: Patient activation(mean of items 1–3)3.4 (3.1–3.6)2: Delivery system design/ Decision Support(items 4–6)3.2 (3.0–3.4)3: Goal setting/ Tailoring(items 7–9)2.5 (2.2–2.7)4: Problem solving/ Contextual Counselling(items 12–15)2.9 (2.7–3.2)5: Follow-up/ Coordination(items 19–20)3.3 (3.0–3.5)

Note: CI=Confidence interval; PACIC=Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care

Interviews revealed patients frequently encounter major shortcomings in care including experiencing organized care with limited participation, not knowing which strategies are effective or harmful and feeling left alone with disease and psychosocial consequences. Patients often responded to challenges by dealing with the illness in tailored measure, taking over complex coordination of care and relying on an accessible and trustworthy team.

Conclusion

The low PACIC mean overall score is comparable to findings in patients with common chronic diseases. Key elements of the CCM have yet to be systematically implemented in Swiss SSc management. Identified gaps in care related to lack of shared decision-making, goal-setting and individual counselling –aspects that are essential for supporting patient self-management skills. Furthermore, there appears to be a lack of complex care coordination tailored to individual patient needs.

References

[1]Wagner EH. Chronic disease management: what will it take to improve care for chronic illness? Eff Clin Pract 1998;1(1):2-4.

[2]Glasgow RE, Wagner EH, Schaefer J, et al. Development and validation of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC). Med Care 2005;43(5):436-44.

[3]Ndosi M, Alcacer-Pitarch B, Allanore Y, et al. Common measure of quality of life for people with systemic sclerosis across seven European countries: a cross-sectional study. Ann Rheum Dis 2018;77(7):1032-38.

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank the participating patients, the Swiss Scleroderma patient association, and the focus group participants for their generosity and collaboration.

Disclosure of Interests

Agnes Kocher Consultant of: Pfizer, Grant/research support from: Boehringer Ingelheim, Swiss Nursing Science Foundation, Swiss League Against Rheumatism, University of Basel, Michael Simon: None declared, Andrew A. Dwyer Grant/research support from: Boston College, U.S. National Institutes of Health (U.S.A.), Catherine Blatter: None declared, Jasmina Bogdanovic: None declared, Patrizia Künzler-Heule: None declared, Peter Villiger: None declared, Diana Dan: None declared, Oliver Distler Speakers bureau: Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Medscape, Consultant of: Abbvie, Acceleron, Alcimed, Amgen, AnaMar, Arxx, AstraZeneca, Baecon, Blade, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Corbus, CSL Behring, 4P Science, Galapagos, Glenmark, Horizon, Inventiva, Kymera, Lupin, Miltenyi Biotec, Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, Novartis, Prometheus, Roivant, Sanofi and Topadur., Grant/research support from: Kymera, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ulrich Walker: None declared, Dunja Nicca: None declared

Simulation of Auger decay dynamics in the hard X-ray regime: HCl as a showcase

Auger decay after photoexcitation or photoemission of an electron from a deep inner shell in the hard X-ray regime can be rather complex, implying a multitude of phenomena such as multiple-step cascades, post-collision interaction (PCI), and electronic state-lifetime interference. Furthermore, in a molecule nuclear motion can also be triggered. Here we discuss a comprehensive theoretical method which allows us to analyze in great detail Auger spectra measured around an inner-shell ionization threshold. HCl photoexcited or photoionized around the deep Cl 1s threshold is chosen as a showcase. Our method allows calculating Auger cross sections considering the nature of the ground, intermediate and final states (bound or dissociative), and the evolution of the relaxation process, including both electron and nuclear dynamics. In particular, we show that we can understand and reproduce a so-called experimental 2D-map, consisting of a series of resonant Auger spectra measured at different photon energies, therefore obtaining a detailed picture of all above-mentioned dynamical phenomena at once.

E-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI) in the time of COVID-19: A clinical dilemma

AIM

To report on the clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings of adolescents who presented during the SARS-CoV-2 surge with symptoms of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), did not test positive for the infection, and were diagnosed with E-cigarette and vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI).

METHODS

A retrospective review of 12 cases of EVALI admitted to the Bristol Meyers Squibb Children's Hospital between February 2020 and June 2020 was conducted.

RESULTS

The ages of the patients ranged from 14 to 19 years. There were six males and six females. Three patients had a past history of anxiety, depression, or other psychiatric/mental health disorder, 9 had prolonged coagulation profile (prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and/or International Normalized Ratio), and 11 had elevated inflammatory markers. Eight needed respiratory support. All 12 were negative for SARS-CoV-2 PCR. Four were tested for IgG antibodies and were negative. As these cases were admitted to rule out COVID infection, initial treatment included hydroxychloroquine. Steroids were started only after SARS-CoV-2 PCR was shown to be negative. Urine tetrahydrocannabinol was positive in all cases. Chest X-ray and computed tomography findings showed ground glass opacities.

CONCLUSIONS

Clinical and radiological features are similar in both EVALI and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Inflammatory markers are elevated in both conditions. A detailed social and substance use history in patients presenting with "typical" COVID pneumonia like illness is important. EVALI should be ruled in early to start the appropriate treatment. Given the ongoing pandemic, pediatricians and other health-care providers need to be aware of other conditions that can masquerade as SARS-CoV-2.

Occurrence of (suspected) genotoxic flavoring substances in Belgian alcohol-free beers

The regulatory landscape of flavorings is evolving, thereby putting pressure on control laboratories to develop analytical methods for a wide range of compounds in various types of food and drinks. In order to improve the monitoring of flavoring substances, a versatile and accurate analytical method using the solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) technique coupled to GC-MS(SIM) was developed and validated. Focus was put on authorized flavoring substances requiring specific attention due to a genotoxic concern based on information from European risks assessment reports. Thirty-seven (suspected) genotoxic flavoring substances were analyzed in a selection of ten alcohol-free beers. Five suspected genotoxic compounds (i.e. 1-(2-furyl)-2-propanone, 2-acetylfuran, 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran, 2-acetyl-3,5-dimethylfuran, hex-2-eno-1,4-lactone) as well as two confirmed genotoxic flavoring substances (p-mentha-1,8-dien-7-al, 2,4-pentanedione) were identified and quantified among the selected samples. Low concentrations and natural occurrences of the identified compounds suggested that these were not added as such but rather originated from heat-treatments or from plant-based extracts.

Elecsys Cerebrospinal Fluid Assays Accurately Distinguish Alzheimer's Disease from Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

BACKGROUND

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are heterogeneous in their clinical presentation and underlying pathology, but they often have overlapping features. Diagnostic accuracy is critical for guiding patient management. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diagnostic assays for the differentiation of AD and FTLD may increase diagnostic accuracy.

OBJECTIVES

In this study, we aimed to understand the potential role of CSF biomarkers and biomarker ratios, measured using Elecsys® CSF immunoassays (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd, Rotkreuz, Switzerland), in the differential diagnosis of AD and FTLD.

DESIGN

This study was conducted at a single center in Munich, Germany between July 2019 and July 2020. Patient CSF samples were retrospectively collected from the study center biobank.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 130 patients with cognitive impairment were included in the study; 86 patients were diagnosed with AD and 44 with FTLD (behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia, and non-fluent variant of primary progressive aphasia), based on core clinical criteria and a non-CSF biomarker, a typical pattern of regional hypometabolism on [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.

MEASUREMENTS

Patient CSF biomarker concentrations were measured using Elecsys CSF immunoassays. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were conducted to determine areas under the curve (AUCs) for CSF biomarker performance. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of established cut-offs (Aβ42 ≤1000 pg/mL, pTau181/Aβ42 ratio >0.024, and tTau/Aβ42 ratio >0.28) and optimized cut-offs based on Youden's index.

RESULTS

AUC-based performance was similarly good for the pTau181/Aβ42 ratio (AUC=0.841; 95% CI: 0.759-0.923), pTau181/Aβ40 ratio (AUC=0.837; 95% CI: 0.754-0.919), Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (AUC=0.829; 95% CI: 0.746-0.912), tTau/Aβ42 ratio (AUC=0.822; 95% CI: 0.736-0.908), pTau181/Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (AUC=0.817; 95% CI: 0.734-0.901), and Aβ42 (AUC=0.812; 95% CI: 0.722-0.902). Performance was slightly lower for the tTau/Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (AUC=0.799; 95% CI: 0.713-0.885), pTau181 alone (AUC=0.793; 95% CI: 0.707-0.880), tTau/Aβ40 ratio (AUC=0.751; 95% CI: 0.657-0.844), and tTau alone (AUC=0.706; 95% CI: 0.613-0.799). The highest qualitative performance was observed with the pTau181/Aβ42 ratio with an established cut-off value of >0.024 and optimized cut-off value of >0.022: sensitivity and specificity values were 0.892 and 0.773, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Elecsys CSF immunoassays demonstrate good diagnostic accuracy in differentiating patients with AD from those with FTLD. These immunoassays have the potential to support clinical decision making, i.e. in diagnosing patients with FTLD by excluding patients with amyloid positivity, which is indicative of underlying AD.

CaMKIIδ post-translational modifications increase affinity for calmodulin inside cardiac ventricular myocytes

Persistent over-activation of CaMKII (Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent protein Kinase II) in the heart is implicated in arrhythmias, heart failure, pathological remodeling, and other cardiovascular diseases. Several post-translational modifications (PTMs)-including autophosphorylation, oxidation, S-nitrosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation-have been shown to trap CaMKII in an autonomously active state. The molecular mechanisms by which these PTMs regulate calmodulin (CaM) binding to CaMKIIδ-the primary cardiac isoform-has not been well-studied particularly in its native myocyte environment. Typically, CaMKII activates upon Ca-CaM binding during locally elevated [Ca]free and deactivates upon Ca-CaM dissociation when [Ca]free returns to basal levels. To assess the effects of CaMKIIδ PTMs on CaM binding, we developed a novel FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer) approach to directly measure CaM binding to and dissociation from CaMKIIδ in live cardiac myocytes. We demonstrate that autophosphorylation of CaMKIIδ increases affinity for CaM in its native environment and that this increase is dependent on [Ca]free. This leads to a 3-fold slowing of CaM dissociation from CaMKIIδ (time constant slows from ~0.5 to 1.5 s) when [Ca]free is reduced with physiological kinetics. Moreover, oxidation further slows CaM dissociation from CaMKIIδ T287D (phosphomimetic) upon rapid [Ca]free chelation and increases FRET between CaM and CaMKIIδ T287A (phosphoresistant). The CaM dissociation kinetics-measured here in myocytes-are similar to the interval between heartbeats, and integrative memory would be expected as a function of heart rate. Furthermore, the PTM-induced slowing of dissociation between beats would greatly promote persistent CaMKIIδ activity in the heart. Together, these findings suggest a significant role of PTM-induced changes in CaMKIIδ affinity for CaM and memory under physiological and pathophysiological processes in the heart.

Vertebral osteomyelitis is characterised by increased RANK/OPG and RANKL/OPG expression ratios in vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

Vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) is an infection of the spine mainly caused by bacterial pathogens. The pathogenesis leading to destruction of intervertebral discs (IVDs) and adjacent vertebral bodies (VBs) is poorly described. The present study aimed at investigating the connection between infection and bone/disc metabolism in VO patients. 14 patients with VO (infection group) and 14 patients with burst fractures of the spine (fracture group; control) were included prospectively. Tissue biopsies from affected IVDs and adjacent VBs were analysed by RT-qPCR for mRNA-expression levels of 18 target genes including chemokines, adipokines and genes involved in bone metabolism. Most importantly, the receptor activator of NF-κB/osteoprotegerin (RANK/OPG) expression ratio was drastically elevated in both VBs and IVDs of the infection group. In parallel, expression of genes of the prostaglandin-E2-dependent prostanoid system was induced. Such genes regulate tissue degradation processes via the triad OPG/RANK/RANKL as well as via the chemokines IL-8 and CCL-20, whose expression was also found to be increased upon infection. The gene expression of the adipokine leptin, which promotes inflammatory tissue degradation, was higher in IVD tissue of the infection group, whereas the transcription of omentin and resistin genes, whose functions are largely unknown in the context of infectious diseases, was lower in infected VBs. In summary, similar expression patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-osteoclastogenic factors were identified in VBs and IVDs of patients suffering from VO. This suggests that common immuno-metabolic pathways are involved in the mechanisms leading to tissue degradation in VBs and IVDs during VO.

Pulse Energy and Pulse Duration Effects in the Ionization and Fragmentation of Iodomethane by Ultraintense Hard X Rays

The interaction of intense femtosecond x-ray pulses with molecules sensitively depends on the interplay between multiple photoabsorptions, Auger decay, charge rearrangement, and nuclear motion. Here, we report on a combined experimental and theoretical study of the ionization and fragmentation of iodomethane (CH_{3}I) by ultraintense (∼10^{19}  W/cm^{2}) x-ray pulses at 8.3 keV, demonstrating how these dynamics depend on the x-ray pulse energy and duration. We show that the timing of multiple ionization steps leading to a particular reaction product and, thus, the product's final kinetic energy, is determined by the pulse duration rather than the pulse energy or intensity. While the overall degree of ionization is mainly defined by the pulse energy, our measurement reveals that the yield of the fragments with the highest charge states is enhanced for short pulse durations, in contrast to earlier observations for atoms and small molecules in the soft x-ray domain. We attribute this effect to a decreased charge transfer efficiency at larger internuclear separations, which are reached during longer pulses.

POS0678 DOES SILDENAFIL IMPROVE ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS? – A PILOT CLINICAL TRIAL

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). One of the early stages of atherosclerosis is endothelial dysfunction, which is increased in RA. Using drugs to target endothelial dysfunction is a promising novel strategy for CVD prevention in RA. Sildenafil has been shown to improve endothelial function in diabetics, who have similar increased CVD risk. Our hypothesis was that sildenafil use may be a novel primary CVD prevention strategy in RA.

Objectives:

To determine if sildenafil use in RA patients improves endothelial dysfunction (as measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation [FMD] and peripheral arterial tone [PAT]), as well as serum inflammatory and atherosclerosis biomarkers.

Methods:

This NIH-funded study was a phase II, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover efficacy trial of 25 RA patients, with no known history of CVD, but at least one traditional CVD risk factor. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either sildenafil or placebo for 3 months, then after a 2-week washout, crossed over to each respective group for an additional 3 months. Vascular studies (FMD and PAT) and serum atherosclerosis biomarkers (e-Selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1) were performed at baseline, 3 months pre- and post-washout, and 6 months. Adverse events were collected. Given the cross-over design, analyses included a random effects model for within-subject comparisons of sildenafil versus placebo periods, adjusting for the baseline (FMD or EndoPAT) within that period and a term for treatment order. All tests were 2-sided with α=0.05.

Results:

A total of 233 subjects were assessed for eligibility, with 25 subjects being randomized after written informed consent. A total of 13 subjects were randomized to placebo first, and 12 to sildenafil first. Baseline characteristics were similar between those randomized to Placebo vs. Sildenafil first. Mean age was 62.0+/-10.9 years; 84% were female; and 92% were white. A total of 6 adverse events experienced in 3 subjects occurred. The primary endpoint (increase in %FMD in Sildenafil period vs. Placebo period) was not significant (p=0.19). However, note the study was powered at 80% to detect an effect size of 0.37 for change in %FMD or biomarker with a sample size of 60, not 25. However, sildenafil use was associated with a significant increase (improvement) by 0.200 units of PAT ratio (p=0.003) compared with placebo, adjusted by treatment order and baseline PAT ratio (within the given treatment period). Exploratory linear mixed models comparing e-Selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 between Sildenafil vs. Placebo periods, adjusted for treatment order and the baseline biomarker level, did not show any significant differences except for ICAM-1 (55.3 units higher in Sildenafil vs. Placebo periods, p=0.011).

Conclusion:

In this pilot trial of 25 RA subjects, sildenafil use was associated with a significant increase (improvement) in endothelial function as measured by PAT. However, there was no significant difference in FMD. The study is limited due to the small sample size, which was impacted by slow recruitment as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. Future larger studies are required to assess whether other PDE5 inhibitors may improve endothelial dysfunction in RA and other autoimmune disease patients at high risk of CVD.

References:

[1]Maradit-Kremers H, Crowson CS, Nicola PJ, et al. Increased unrecognized coronary heart disease and sudden deaths in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:402-11.

[2]Peters MJ, van Halm VP, Voskuyl AE, et al. Does rheumatoid arthritis equal diabetes mellitus as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease? A prospective study. Arthritis Rheum 2009;61:1571-9.

[3]Deyoung L, Chung E, Kovac JR, et al. Daily use of sildenafil improves endothelial function in men with type 2 diabetes. J Andrology 2012;33:176-80.

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

The O K-2V spectrum of CO: the influence of the second core-hole

Using synchrotron radiation in the tender X-ray regime, a photoelectron spectrum showing the formation of single site double-core-hole pre-edge states, involving the K shell of the O atom in CO, has been recorded by means of high-resolution electron spectroscopy. The experimentally observed structures have been simulated, interpreted and assigned, employing state-of-the-art ab initio quantum chemical calculations, on the basis of a theoretical model, accounting for their so-called direct or conjugate character. Features appearing above the double ionization threshold have been reproduced by taking into account the strong mixing between multi-excited and continuum states. The shift of the σ* resonance below the double ionization threshold, in combination with the non-negligible contributions of multi-excited configurations in the final states reached, gives rise to a series of avoided crossings between the different potential energy curves.

Impact of an Education Programme on IBD Patients' Skills: Results of a Randomised Controlled Multicentre Study [ECIPE]

BACKGROUND

Better patient knowledge on inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] could improve outcome and quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess if an education programme improves IBD patients' skills as regards their disease.

METHODS

The GETAID group conducted a prospective multicentre randomised controlled study. IBD patients were included at diagnosis, or after a significant event in the disease course. Patients were randomised between 'educated' or control groups for 6 months. Education was performed by trained health care professionals. A psycho-pedagogic score [ECIPE] was evaluated by a 'blinded' physician at baseline and after 6 and 12 months [M6 and M12]. The primary endpoint was the increase of ECIPE score at M6 of more than 20%.

RESULTS

A total of 263 patients were included in 19 centres (male:40%; median age:30.8; Crohn's disease [CD]:73%). Of these, 133 patients were randomised into the educated group and 130 into the control group. The median relative increase in ECIPE score at M6 was higher in the educated group as compared with the control group (16.7% [0-42.1%] vs 7% [0-18.8%], respectively, p = 0.0008). The primary endpoint was met in 46% vs 24% of the patients in the educated and control groups, respectively [p = 0.0003]. A total of 92 patients met the primary endpoint. In multivariate analysis, predictors of an increase of at least 20% of the ECIPE score were randomisation in the educated group (odds ratio [OR] = 2.59) and no previous surgery [OR = 1.92].

CONCLUSIONS

These findings support the set-up of education programmes in centres involved in the management of IBD patients.

Bedside ultrasound assessments of jugular venous compliance to track central venous pressure change during the treatment of decompensated heart failure

Background

Accurate volume status assessment is crucial for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Volume status assessment by physical exam is inaccurate, necessitating invasive measurement with right heart catheterization (RHC), which carries safety, pragmatic (scheduling, holding anticoagulants, etc) and financial burdens. Therefore, a reliable, non-invasive, cost-effective alternative is desired. Previously, we developed an ultrasound (US) based technique to measure internal jugular vein (IJV) compliance during RHC which was used for single time point central venous pressure (CVP) predictions. We now aim to apply this technique to track acute changes in CVP during diuresis for ADHF in patients with an in-dwelling pulmonary artery catheter.

Purpose

The objective of our study was to devise a rapid, portable and reliable alternative to RHC to track acute volume changes during treatment of ADHF.

Methods

We used an observational, prospective study design and recruited 15 patients from the CCU between 7/19–12/19 being treated for ADHF (systolic or diastolic) with IV diuretics +/−inotropic agents who underwent PA catheter insertion for continuous CVP monitoring. 13 of 15 patients received milrinone infusions. US images of the IJV were obtained at end expiration and during the strain phase of Valsalva at multiple 2–3 hr intervals. Change in IJV cross sectional area (ImageJ) was used as a measure of IJV compliance. Patients unable to perform the Valsalva maneuver and on mechanical circulatory support were excluded.

Results

Calculated % change in CSA of IJV was plotted against CVP. An inverse relationship was observed between CVP and % change in CSA of IJV. The data was fit with an inverse exponential regression shown in Figure 1 (R2=0.36, root mean square error = 3.19). Fivefold cross validation showed a stable model for predicting CVP based CSA (R2=0.34, root mean square error = 3.26)

Conclusion

Serial portable US assessment of IJV compliance can act a surrogate measure of CVP and,therefore, can provide reliable information on acute hemodynamic changes in ADHF.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding source: None

Left Pericardiophrenic Vein Pacing for Tachy-Brady Syndrome Due to an Obstructing Cardiac Angiosarcoma

We describe a case of a permanent pacemaker lead placement via the left pericardiophrenic vein for the treatment of tachy-brady syndrome due to a primary cardiac angiosarcoma. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)

[Puffy hand syndrome: A little-known diagnosis]

INTRODUCTION

Puffy hand syndrome is a rare complication of intravenous drug addiction. Diagnosis is based on the patient's history and clinical examination.

OBSERVATIONS

A woman and two men, aged 42, 39 and 36 years old, are described. All had a history of intravenous drug use of heroin and oral buprenorphine misuse. Puffy hand syndrome appeared during drug addiction (n = 2) or after its withdrawal (n = 1). It was associated with acrocyanosis (n = 1) or injection scars (n = 1). Upper limb ultrasonography showed sequelae of venous (n = 3) or arterial (n = 1) thrombosis. An upper limb lymphoscintigraphy in one patient showed decreased radionuclide uptake of axillary lymph node and subdermal reflux tracer in the forearm. Treatment was based on low-stretch bandages to reduce the volume and then elastic compression sleeve for long-term stabilization.

CONCLUSION

Puffy hand syndrome seen in intravenous drug addicts is poorly understood. It is a chronic complication despite the cessation of drug use. This syndrome has to become more widely known because its management is mandatory, although symptomatic.

Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering Reveals Hidden Local Transitions of the Aqueous OH Radical

Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) provides remarkable opportunities to interrogate ultrafast dynamics in liquids. Here we use RIXS to study the fundamentally and practically important hydroxyl radical in liquid water, OH(aq). Impulsive ionization of pure liquid water produced a short-lived population of OH(aq), which was probed using femtosecond x-rays from an x-ray free-electron laser. We find that RIXS reveals localized electronic transitions that are masked in the ultraviolet absorption spectrum by strong charge-transfer transitions-thus providing a means to investigate the evolving electronic structure and reactivity of the hydroxyl radical in aqueous and heterogeneous environments. First-principles calculations provide interpretation of the main spectral features.

SAT0652-HPR CHRONIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH TECHNOLOGY READINESS OF PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS IN SWITZERLAND – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background:

People living with systemic sclerosis (SSc) often lack access to coordinated, specialized care and self-management support from qualified healthcare professionals. Such gaps lead to significant unmet health needs and inability to get preventive services. The Chronic Care Model (CCM) has been used to guide disease management across a wide range of chronic conditions. The CCM often uses e-health technologies to address self-management problems, connect patients with clinicians and reduce patient travel requirements.

Objectives:

To evaluate current SSc care practice patterns and elicit patient health technology readiness to define relevant aspects and resources needed to improve SSc chronic disease management.

Methods:

We employed a cross-sectional survey using the 20-item Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) instrument to assess how aspects of SSc care align with key components of the CCM.1Six items drawn from the ‘5A’ (ask, advise, agree, assist, and arrange) model of behavioural counselling were included (all 26 items scored on 5-point scale, 1=never to 5=always). Acceptance of health technology was evaluated by adapting and combining questionnaires from Vanhoof2and Halwas3. German and French speaking SSc patients (>18 years) were recruited from university/cantonal hospitals and the Swiss scleroderma patients’ association. Participants completed anonymous paper/online questionnaires. Data were analysed descriptively.

Results:

Of 101 SSc patients, most were female (76%), spoke German (78%) and had a median age of 60 years (IQR: 50-68). Median disease duration was 8 years (IQR: 5-15), spanning a range of severity (31% limited SSc, 36% diffuse SSc, 3% overlap syndrome). One-quarter (25%) did not know their disease subset.

The mean overall PACIC score was relatively low (2.91±0.95) indicating that care was ‘never’ to ‘generally not’ aligned with the CCM. Lowest mean subscale scores related to Follow-up/ Coordination (2.64±1.02), Goal setting (2.68±1.07) and Problem-solving/Contextual Counselling (2.94±1.22). The single items ‘Given a copy of my treatment plan’ (1.99±1.38) and ‘Encouraged to attend programs in the community’ (1.89±1.16) were given the lowest ratings. The ‘5A’ summary score was 2.84±0.97.

In terms of technology readiness, 43% completed the survey online. Most participants owned a smartphone (81%), laptop (63%) and/or desktop computer (46%). The overwhelming majority of patients (91%) reported using the Internet in the last year – primarily for communication (e.g. emails, text messages). Participants indicated relatively little experience with e-health applications and participating in SSc online forums or self-help groups.

Conclusion:

To improve chronic disease management of SSc patients in Switzerland, current care practices warrant reengineering taking CCM components into account. Specific unmet needs relate to self-management support, help patients set individualized goals, and coordinate continuous care. Web-based technologies incorporating user-centred design principles may be a reasonable option for improving care.

References:

[1]Glasgow, RE, et al. Development and validation of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC).Med Care2005; 43(5): 436-44

[2]Vanhoof, JM, et al. Technology Experience of Solid Organ Transplant Patients and Their Overall Willingness to Use Interactive Health Technology. J Nurs Scholarsh2018; 50(2): 151-62

[3]Halwas, N, et al. eHealth literacy, Internet and eHealth service usage: a survey among cancer patients and their relatives. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol2017; 143(11): 2291-99

Disclosure of Interests:

Agnes Kocher Grant/research support from: Sandoz to support the development of an eLearning module for patients with rheumatic diseases., Michael Simon: None declared, Carlo Chizzolini Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Oliver Distler Grant/research support from: Grants/Research support from Actelion, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Competitive Drug Development International Ltd. and Mitsubishi Tanabe; he also holds the issued Patent on mir-29 for the treatment of systemic sclerosis (US8247389, EP2331143)., Consultant of: Consultancy fees from Actelion, Acceleron Pharma, AnaMar, Bayer, Baecon Discovery, Blade Therapeutics, Boehringer, CSL Behring, Catenion, ChemomAb, Curzion Pharmaceuticals, Ergonex, Galapagos NV, GSK, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Inventiva, Italfarmaco, iQvia, medac, Medscape, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Roche, Sanofi and UCB, Speakers bureau: Speaker fees from Actelion, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medscape, Pfizer and Roche, Andrew A. Dwyer: None declared, Peter Villiger Consultant of: MSD, Abbvie, Roche, Pfizer, Sanofi, Speakers bureau: Roche, MSD, Pfizer, Ulrich Walker Grant/research support from: Ulrich Walker has received an unrestricted research grant from Abbvie, Consultant of: Ulrich Walker has act as a consultant for Abbvie, Actelion, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Phadia, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and ThermoFisher, Paid instructor for: Abbvie, Novartis, and Roche, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Actelion, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Phadia, Roche, Sandoz, and ThermoFisher, Dunja Nicca: None declared

THU0623-HPR REVISION AND VALIDATION OF THE GERMAN VERSION OF THE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS QUALITY OF LIFE QUESTIONNAIRE (SSCQOL) WITH MOKKEN SCALE ANALYSIS

Background:

The Systemic Sclerosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (SScQoL) has been validated in six European languages.1Previous adaptation into German revealed issues with the dichotomous response structure in 10 items necessitating a review of the tool and further psychometric testing with patients in German speaking countries.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess the German version of the SScQoL, extend the response structure and test its construct validity using Mokken scale analysis.

Methods:

This was a mixed methods study involving cognitive debriefing and survey methods. The expert committee extended the response structure of the 10 items from dichotomous to polytomous (4-point) responses: ‘always’, ‘usually’, ‘sometimes’ and ‘never’. In cognitive debriefing, a small convenience sample of patients with SSc completed the new version while ‘thinking aloud’ and commented on relevance of the items and the response structure.

Results:

In cognitive debriefing, six patients with SSc completed the new German SScQoL and reported problems with the remaining dichotomous items. These were subsequently converted into polytomous 4-point response structure by the expert committee.

Conclusion:

The German SScQoL has been revised into polytomous item structure and shown to be a valid and reliable measure of health-related quality of life in SSc. Further cross-cultural validity tests are required to assess its measurement equivalence with other SScQoL versions and thus enable multinational comparisons.

References:

[1]Ndosi M, Alcacer-Pitarch B, Allanore Y et al. Common measure of quality of life for people with systemic sclerosis across seven European countries: a cross-sectional study. Ann Rheum Dis, 2018; 77: 1032-1038

Table 1.

Mokken scale analysis of the revised German SScQoL

Subscale (items)Scalability (H)Standard errorFunction (6)0.6640.048Emotional (13)0.6520.060Sleep (2)0.7980.061Social (6)0.6920.053Pain (2)0.9600.029Global scale (29)0.6230.062

Table legend: scalabilityH≥ 0.50 = strong, 0.49 to 0.40 = moderate, 0.39 to 0.30 = weak, while values of < 0.30 are not considered as unidimensional.

Disclosure of Interests:

Agnes Kocher Grant/research support from: Sandoz to support the development of an eLearning module for patients with rheumatic diseases., Mwidimi Ndosi Grant/research support from: Bristol Myers Squibb, Consultant of: Janssen, Pfizer, Kirsten Hoeper Consultant of: AbbVie, Celgene,, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Chugai, Novartis, Lilly, Celgene, Sandoz Hexal, Michael Simon: None declared, Dunja Nicca: None declared

Fluorescence Time Delay in Multistep Auger Decay as an Internal Clock

Differences in postcollision interaction (PCI) effects on Kr L_{3}M_{4,5}M_{4,5} Auger electron spectra were observed, depending on whether the initial photoionization occurred slightly above the K threshold or slightly above the L_{3} threshold. For the former, KL fluorescence emission most likely happens and then Auger processes due to the L_{3} hole follow. The time delay due to fluorescence causes a reduced shift of the Auger peak and tailing toward lower energy, since the Auger overtaking of the photoelectron happens later in time and at a location farther away from the ionic core, compared to the case for the simple one-step L_{3}M_{4,5}M_{4,5} Auger decay after L-shell photoionization. Time-dependent theory for PCI in multistep processes agrees well with experiment, illustrating the effect as an internal clock for the time-sequence of the dynamical process.