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Talebi S, Khodagholi F, Bahaeddin Z, Ansari Dezfouli M, Zeinaddini-Meymand A, Berchi Kankam S, Foolad F, Alijaniha F, Fayazi Piranghar F. Does hazelnut consumption affect brain health and function against neurodegenerative diseases? Nutr Neurosci 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38151890 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2296164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A healthy daily diet and consuming certain nutrients, such as polyphenols, vitamins, and unsaturated fatty acids, may help neuronal health maintenance. Polyphenolic chemicals, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, are involved in the neuroprotective pathway. Because of their nutritional value, nuts have been shown in recent research to be helpful in neuroprotection. OBJECTIVE Hazelnut is often consumed worldwide in various items, including processed foods, particularly in bakery, chocolate, and confectionery products. This nut is an excellent source of vitamins, amino acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, polyphenols, minerals, and unsaturated fatty acids. Consuming hazelnut may attenuate the risk of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant qualities. RESULTS Many documents introduce hazelnut as an excellent choice to provide neuroprotection against neurodegenerative disorders and there is some direct proof of its neuroprotective effects. DISCUSSION So hazelnut consumption in daily diet may reduce neurodegenerative disease risk and be advantageous in reducing the imposed costs of dealing with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Talebi
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahaeddin
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Ansari Dezfouli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | | | - Forough Foolad
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alijaniha
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- School of Persian Medicine, Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Rashidi SK, Kalirad A, Rafie S, Behzad E, Dezfouli MA. The role of microRNAs in neurobiology and pathophysiology of the hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1226413. [PMID: 37727513 PMCID: PMC10506409 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1226413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding and well-conserved RNAs that are linked to many aspects of development and disorders. MicroRNAs control the expression of genes related to different biological processes and play a prominent role in the harmonious expression of many genes. During neural development of the central nervous system, miRNAs are regulated in time and space. In the mature brain, the dynamic expression of miRNAs continues, highlighting their functional importance in neurons. The hippocampus, as one of the crucial brain structures, is a key component of major functional connections in brain. Gene expression abnormalities in the hippocampus lead to disturbance in neurogenesis, neural maturation and synaptic formation. These disturbances are at the root of several neurological disorders and behavioral deficits, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and schizophrenia. There is strong evidence that abnormalities in miRNAs are contributed in neurodegenerative mechanisms in the hippocampus through imbalanced activity of ion channels, neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity and neuronal apoptosis. Some miRNAs affect oxidative stress, inflammation, neural differentiation, migration and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Furthermore, major signaling cascades in neurodegeneration, such as NF-Kβ signaling, PI3/Akt signaling and Notch pathway, are closely modulated by miRNAs. These observations, suggest that microRNAs are significant regulators in the complicated network of gene regulation in the hippocampus. In the current review, we focus on the miRNA functional role in the progression of normal development and neurogenesis of the hippocampus. We also consider how miRNAs in the hippocampus are crucial for gene expression mechanisms in pathophysiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Khalil Rashidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ata Kalirad
- Department of Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shahram Rafie
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Neuroscience Lab, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Behzad
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Neuroscience Lab, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mitra Ansari Dezfouli
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Neuroscience Lab, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Khani P, Ansari Dezfouli M, Nasri F, Rahemi M, Ahmadloo S, Afkhami H, Saeidi F, Tereshchenko S, Bigdeli MR, Modarressi MH. Genetic and epigenetic effects on couple adjustment in context of romantic relationship: A scoping systematic review. Front Genet 2023; 14:1002048. [PMID: 36816018 PMCID: PMC9937082 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1002048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Couples' relationships defined by a complex interaction between the two partners and their intrapersonal traits. Romantic; relationships and love are associated with marital satisfaction and stability, as well as couples' happiness and health. Personality traits influence romantic relationships and, personality influenced by genetical and non-genetically factors. The roles of non-genetically factors such as socioeconomic position and external appearance have revealed in determining the quality of romantic relationships. Methods: We; performed a scoping systematic review to assess the association between genetics and epigenetic factors and romantic relationship. Relevant articles were identified by PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and the APA PsycInfo searching between inception and 4 June 2022. Results: Different studies evaluated the associated polymorphisms in 15 different genes or chromosomal regions. In the first step; we classified them into four groups: (1) Oxytocin-related signaling pathway (OXTR, CD38, and AVPR1A); (2) Serotonin-related signaling pathway (SLC6A4, HTR1A, and HTR2A); (3) Dopamine and catecholamine-related signaling pathway (DRD1, DRD2, DRD4, ANKK1, and COMT); and (4) other genes (HLA, GABRA2, OPRM1, and Y-DNA haplogroup D-M55). Then, we evaluated and extracted significant polymorphisms that affect couple adjustment and romantic relationships. Discussion: Overall, the findings suggest that genetic and epigenetics variants play a key role in marital adjustment and romantic relationships over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Khani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Ansari Dezfouli
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Nasri
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahemi
- Department of stem cell technology and tissue regeneration, Faculty of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salma Ahmadloo
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran,Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzane Saeidi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sergey Tereshchenko
- Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia,*Correspondence: Sergey Tereshchenko, ; Mohammad Reza Bigdeli, ; Mohammad Hossein Modarressi,
| | - Mohammad Reza Bigdeli
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran,Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Sergey Tereshchenko, ; Mohammad Reza Bigdeli, ; Mohammad Hossein Modarressi,
| | - Mohammad Hossein Modarressi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Sergey Tereshchenko, ; Mohammad Reza Bigdeli, ; Mohammad Hossein Modarressi,
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Omori Sarabi S, Karimzad Hagh J, Behrend C, Mohseni SB, Ansari Dezfouli M, Rashidi SK, Omrani MD. Characterization of a Rare Mosaicism in Autosomal Translocation of t(5;21) Using Conventional Cytogenetics and FISH Methods. ibj 2020. [PMID: 31301695 PMCID: PMC6900479 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.24.1.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mosaicism of a normal cell population and an unbalanced autosomal chromosome rearrangement is rarely seen. If the abnormal cell line contributes to a minor part of soma, the phenotype is expected to be normal. Case Report: We report a 29-year-old woman who had balance chromosomal translocation of 46,XX,t(5;21) with a two-year-old affected girl, characterized by mental retardation, dystrophia, hearing impartment, and dysphagia. Methods and Results: Cytogenetic investigation revealed a low mosaic unbalanced translocation of 46,XX,t(5;21)/ 46,XX, which was confirmed by FISH analysis. Studying 200 metaphases and interphases of peripheral blood sample revealed 70% partial monosomy of 21q22 and partial trisomy of 5q(35.3) and 30% of normal pattern. Conclusion: In rare cases such as this study, parents with balanced translocation with no phenotypes may lead to a mosaic unbalanced translocation with abnormal phenotypes in offspring, which underscores the need for prenatal karyotyping and genetics counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mitra Ansari Dezfouli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicines, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Khalil Rashidi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mir Davood Omrani, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; E-mail:
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Adeli S, Zahmatkesh M, Dezfouli MA. Simvastatin Attenuates Hippocampal MMP-9 Expression in the Streptozotocin-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Iran Biomed J 2019; 23. [PMID: 30218997 PMCID: PMC6462290 DOI: 10.29252/.23.4.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression has been implicated in molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders, and its abnormal level has been reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Some protective mechanisms of statins against neurodegeneration might be mediated by the inhibition of MMP-9 expression. Here, we investigated the effect of simvastatin on the hippocampal MMP-9 expression in the context of AD. METHODS We examined the influence of three-week simvastatin (5 mg/kg) administration on hippocampal MMP-9 expression in a rat model of cognitive decline induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Spatial long-term memory and MMP-9 expression were assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) test and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS The results showed a decline in the learning and memory in STZ group when compared with the control group. The MMP-9 up-regulated (1.41 ± 0.2 vs. 0.980 ± 0.02, p < 0.05), and cresyl violet staining showed hippocampal cell damage in STZ group compared with the control group. Simvastatin prevented the up-regulation of MMP-9 (1.05 ± 0.05 vs. 1.41 ± 0.2, p < 0.05), improved spatial memory impairment and attenuated hippocampal cell damage. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation (r = 0.77) between MMP-9 expression and cognitive function. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the neuroprotective influence of simvastatin in battle to cognitive impairment is mediated in part by the modulation of MMP-9 expression. The reduction of MMP-9 expression in simvastatin-treated animals is in correlation with the improvement of cognitive functions. Understanding the protective mechanism of simvastatin will shed light on more efficient therapeutic modalities in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Adeli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran, Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zahmatkesh
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran, Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Maryam Zahmatkesh Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tel.: (+98-21) 43052155; Fax: (+98-21) 88991117; E-mail:
| | - Mitra Ansari Dezfouli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Adeli S, Zahmatkesh M, Ansari Dezfouli M. Simvastatin Attenuates Hippocampal MMP-9 Expression in the Streptozotocin-Induced Cognitive Impairment. ibj 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/ibj.23.4.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Ansari Dezfouli M, Zahmatkesh M, Farahmandfar M, Khodagholi F. Melatonin protective effect against amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity mediated by mitochondrial biogenesis; involvement of hippocampal Sirtuin-1 signaling pathway. Physiol Behav 2019; 204:65-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tadayon SH, Vaziri-Pashkam M, Kahali P, Ansari Dezfouli M, Abbassian A. Common Genetic Variant in VIT Is Associated with Human Brain Asymmetry. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:236. [PMID: 27252636 PMCID: PMC4877381 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain asymmetry varies across individuals. However, genetic factors contributing to this normal variation are largely unknown. Here we studied variation of cortical surface area asymmetry in a large sample of subjects. We performed principal component analysis (PCA) to capture correlated asymmetry variation across cortical regions. We found that caudal and rostral anterior cingulate together account for a substantial part of asymmetry variation among individuals. To find SNPs associated with this subset of brain asymmetry variation we performed a genome-wide association study followed by replication in an independent cohort. We identified one SNP (rs11691187) that had genome-wide significant association (PCombined = 2.40e-08). The rs11691187 is in the first intron of VIT. In a follow-up analysis, we found that VIT gene expression is associated with brain asymmetry in six donors of the Allen Human Brain Atlas. Based on these findings we suggest that VIT contributes to normal brain asymmetry variation. Our results can shed light on disorders associated with altered brain asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed H Tadayon
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental SciencesTehran, Iran; School of Mathematics, Institute for Research in Fundamental SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Vaziri-Pashkam
- Vision Sciences Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pegah Kahali
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Ansari Dezfouli
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Abbassian
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental SciencesTehran, Iran; School of Mathematics, Institute for Research in Fundamental SciencesTehran, Iran
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Dezfouli MA, Alavi A, Rohani M, Rezvani M, Nekuie T, Klotzle B, Tonekaboni SH, Shahidi GA, Elahi E. PANK2 and C19orf12 mutations are common causes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Mov Disord 2012; 28:228-32. [PMID: 23166001 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) constitutes a group of neurodegenerative disorders with pronounced iron deposition in the basal ganglia. PANK2 mutations are the most common cause of these disorders. C19orf12 was recently reported as another causative gene. We present phenotypic data and results of screening of PANK2 and C19orf12 in 11 unrelated Iranian NBIA patients. METHODS Phenotypic data were obtained by neurologic examination, magnetic resonance imaging, and interviews. Mutation screening of PANK2 and C19orf12 was performed by sequencing. RESULTS PANK2 and C19orf12 mutations were found in 7 and 4 patients, respectively. Phenotypic comparisons suggest that C19orf12 mutations as compared with PANK2 mutations result in a milder disease course. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in both PANK2 and C19orf12 contributed significantly to NBIA in the Iranian patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genetic analysis reported on a cohort of NBIA patients from the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Ansari Dezfouli
- School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Dezfouli MA, Jaberi E, Alavi A, Rezvani M, Shahidi G, Elahi E, Rohani M. Pantothenate kinase 2 mutation with eye-of-the-tiger sign on magnetic resonance imaging in three siblings. Iran J Neurol 2012; 11:155-8. [PMID: 24250886 PMCID: PMC3829266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is the most prevalent type of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders characterized by extrapyramidal signs, and 'eye-of-the-tiger' on T2 brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characterized by hypointensity in globus pallidus and a hyperintensity in its core. All PKAN patients have homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in PANK2 gene. METHODS Three sibling patients were diagnosed based on clinical presentations especially extrapyramidal signs and brain MRI. The exons and flanking intronic sequences of PANK2 were sequenced from DNA of leukocytes of the affected individuals. RESULTS All patients were homozygous for c.C1069T, p.R357W in PANK2 gene. This mutation is well conserved in the homologous protein of distally related spices. CONCLUSION In the current study we identified three siblings affected with PKAN, all of them have mutations in PANK2 gene. In MRI of all patients with PANK2 mutation eye-of-the-tiger sign was apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Jaberi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afagh Alavi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezvani
- Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamali Shahidi
- Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Elahi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,Professor, Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rohani
- Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yadegari S, Ghorbani A, Dezfouli MA, Nafissi S. Four cases of brown-vialetto-van laere syndrome from Iran: Clinical and electrophysiologic findings. Iran J Neurol 2011; 10:54-7. [PMID: 24250848 PMCID: PMC3829227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome (BVVLS) is a rare neurological disorder. We report our finding about four patients clinically and electrophysiologically diagnosed as BVVLS and denoted their clinical features with comparison to previous reports. The first symptom was bilateral hearing loss and the onset of other cranial nerves involvement varied between 0-15 years. Our patients represented some rare features like upper motor neuron signs in one patient and two cases interestingly developed some clinical improvement. This is the first report of BVVLS from Iran. Our patients which represent Caucasian population had generally similar features like previously reported cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Yadegari
- M.D, Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Askar Ghorbani
- M.D, Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Ansari Dezfouli
- School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriar Nafissi
- M.D, Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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