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Brien SC, LeBreton M, Doty JB, Mauldin MR, Morgan CN, Pieracci EG, Ritter JM, Matheny A, Tafon BG, Tamoufe U, Missoup AD, Nwobegahay J, Takuo JM, Nkom F, Mouiche MMM, Feussom JMK, Wilkins K, Wade A, McCollum AM. Clinical Manifestations of an Outbreak of Monkeypox Virus in Captive Chimpanzees in Cameroon, 2016. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:S275-S284. [PMID: 38164967 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a reemerging virus of global concern. An outbreak of clade I MPXV affected 20 captive chimpanzees in Cameroon in 2016. We describe the epidemiology, virology, phylogenetics, and clinical progression of this outbreak. Clinical signs included exanthema, facial swelling, perilaryngeal swelling, and eschar. Mpox can be lethal in captive chimpanzees, with death likely resulting from respiratory complications. We advise avoiding anesthesia in animals with respiratory signs to reduce the likelihood of death. This outbreak presented a risk to animal care staff. There is a need for increased awareness and a One Health approach to preparation for outbreaks in wildlife rescue centers in primate range states where MPXV occurs. Control measures should include quarantining affected animals, limiting human contacts, surveillance of humans and animals, use of personal protective equipment, and regular decontamination of enclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Brien
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
- Ape Action Africa, Mefou Park, Cameroon
| | | | - Jeffrey B Doty
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew R Mauldin
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clint N Morgan
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily G Pieracci
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jana M Ritter
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Audrey Matheny
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Alain D Missoup
- Zoology Unit, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Moctar M M Mouiche
- Mosaic, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaounderé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Marc K Feussom
- Cameroon Epidemiological Network for Animal Diseases, Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Kimberly Wilkins
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abel Wade
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Garoua, Cameroon
| | - Andrea M McCollum
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Ntumvi NF, Ndze VN, Gillis A, Le Doux Diffo J, Tamoufe U, Takuo JM, Mouiche MMM, Nwobegahay J, LeBreton M, Rimoin AW, Schneider BS, Monagin C, McIver DJ, Roy S, Ayukekbong JA, Saylors KE, Joly DO, Wolfe ND, Rubin EM, Lange CE. OUP accepted manuscript. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veab110. [PMID: 35233291 PMCID: PMC8867583 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nkom F Ntumvi
- Metabiota Cameroon Ltd, Yaoundé, Centre Region Avenue Mvog-Fouda Ada, Av 1.085, Carrefour Intendance, Yaoundé, BP 15939, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Joseph Le Doux Diffo
- Metabiota Cameroon Ltd, Yaoundé, Centre Region Avenue Mvog-Fouda Ada, Av 1.085, Carrefour Intendance, Yaoundé, BP 15939, Cameroon
| | - Ubald Tamoufe
- Metabiota Cameroon Ltd, Yaoundé, Centre Region Avenue Mvog-Fouda Ada, Av 1.085, Carrefour Intendance, Yaoundé, BP 15939, Cameroon
| | - Jean-Michel Takuo
- Metabiota Cameroon Ltd, Yaoundé, Centre Region Avenue Mvog-Fouda Ada, Av 1.085, Carrefour Intendance, Yaoundé, BP 15939, Cameroon
| | | | - Julius Nwobegahay
- CRESAR, Yaoundé, Centre Region 7039 Carrefour Intendance, BP 15939, Cameroon
| | | | - Anne W Rimoin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, 71-254 Center for Health Sciences, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sanjit Roy
- Labyrinth Global Health, 546 15TH Ave NE, St.Petersburg, FL 33704, USA
- University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | | | - Karen E Saylors
- Labyrinth Global Health, 546 15TH Ave NE, St.Petersburg, FL 33704, USA
| | | | | | - Edward M Rubin
- Metabiota Inc, 425 California Street, Suite 1200, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
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Ntumvi NF, Diffo JLD, Tamoufe U, Ndze VN, Takuo JM, Mouiche MMM, Nwobegahay J, LeBreton M, Gillis A, Rimoin AW, Schneider BS, Monagin C, McIver DJ, Joly DO, Wolfe ND, Rubin EM, Lange CE. Evaluation of bat adenoviruses suggests co-evolution and host roosting behaviour as drivers for diversity. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000561. [PMID: 33871330 PMCID: PMC8208681 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are diverse pathogens of humans and animals, with several dozen bat AdVs already identified. Considering that over 100 human AdVs are known, and the huge diversity of bat species, many bat AdVs likely remain undiscovered. To learn more about AdV prevalence, diversity and evolution, we sampled and tested bats in Cameroon using several PCR assays for viral and host DNA. AdV DNA was detected in 14 % of the 671 sampled animals belonging to 37 different bat species. There was a correlation between species roosting in larger groups and AdV DNA detection. The detected AdV DNA belonged to between 28 and 44 different, mostly previously unknown, mastadenovirus species. The novel isolates are phylogenetically diverse and while some cluster with known viruses, others appear to form divergent new clusters. The phylogenetic tree of novel and previously known bat AdVs does not mirror that of the various host species, but does contain structures consistent with a degree of virus-host co-evolution. Given that closely related isolates were found in different host species, it seems likely that at least some bat AdVs have jumped species barriers, probably in the more recent past; however, the tree is also consistent with such events having taken place throughout bat AdV evolution. AdV diversity was highest in bat species roosting in large groups. The study significantly increased the diversity of AdVs known to be harboured by bats, and suggests that host behaviours, such as roosting size, may be what limits some AdVs to one species rather than an inability of AdVs to infect other related hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkom F. Ntumvi
- Metabiota Cameroon Ltd, Yaoundé, Centre Region, Cameroon
| | | | - Ubald Tamoufe
- Metabiota Cameroon Ltd, Yaoundé, Centre Region, Cameroon
| | - Valantine Ngum Ndze
- Metabiota Cameroon Ltd, Yaoundé, Centre Region, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Centre Region, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bradley S. Schneider
- Metabiota Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
- Etiologic, Oakland, CA, USA
- Pinpoint Science, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Corina Monagin
- Metabiota Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Damien O. Joly
- Metabiota Inc, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Mouiche MMM, Ntumvi NF, Maptue VT, Tamoufe U, Albert B, Ngum Ndze V, Nwobegahay J, Gillis A, LeBreton M, McIver DJ, Ayukekbong JA, Saylors K, Rubin EM, Lange CE. Evidence of Low-Level Dengue Virus Circulation in the South Region of Cameroon in 2018. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:314-317. [PMID: 31934826 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is an understudied disease in many parts of Africa and little is known about its prevalence in Cameroon. We tested blood from 629 individuals from the South Region of Cameroon, collected over the course of one year, for flavivirus RNA using conventional broad range PCR. Flavivirus RNA corresponding to dengue virus (DENV) serotype 1 was identified in two individuals who were also diagnosed with malaria. This finding confirms previous reports that indicate the presence of low-level circulation of DENV in Cameroon and supports the concern that dengue fever may be underdiagnosed due to more prevalent diseases that have similar symptomology and insufficient diagnostic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bisse Albert
- Sangmelima District Hospital, Sangmelima, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karen Saylors
- Metabiota, Inc., San Francisco, California.,Labyrinth, St. Petersburg, Florida
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Diffo J, Ndze VN, Ntumvi NF, Takuo JM, Mouiche MMM, Tamoufe U, Nwobegahay J, LeBreton M, Gillis A, Schneider BS, Fair JM, Monagin C, McIver DJ, Joly DO, Wolfe ND, Rubin EM, Lange CE. DNA of diverse adenoviruses detected in Cameroonian rodent and shrew species. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2359-2366. [PMID: 31240484 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rodent adenoviruses are important models for human disease. In contrast to the over 70 adenovirus types isolated from humans, few rodent adenoviruses are known, despite the vast diversity of rodent species. PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to investigate adenovirus diversity in wild rodents and shrews in Cameroon. Adenovirus DNA was detected in 13.8% of animals (n = 218). All detected sequences differ from known adenovirus types by more than 10% at the amino acid level, thus indicating up to 14 novel adenovirus species. These results highlight the diversity of rodent adenoviruses, their phylogeny, and opportunities for studying alternative adenovirus rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bradley S Schneider
- Metabiota Inc, San Francisco, USA.,Etiologic, Oakland, CA, USA.,Pinpoint Science, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph M Fair
- Metabiota Inc, San Francisco, USA.,VIRION, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Corina Monagin
- Metabiota Inc, San Francisco, USA.,One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | | | - Damien O Joly
- Metabiota Inc, Nanaimo, Canada.,British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy, Victoria, Canada
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